Note on André le Chapelain70
André Le Chapelain appears to have written about the year 1176.
In the Bibliothèque du Roi may be found a manuscript (No. 8758) of the work of André, which was formerly in the possession of Baluze. Its first title is as follows: “Hic incipiunt capitula libri de Arte amatoria et reprobatione amoris.”
This title is followed by the table of chapters.
Then we have the second title:—
“Incipit liber de Arte amandi et de reprobatione amoris editus et compillatus a magistro Andrea, Francorum aulae regiæ capellano, ad Galterium amicum suum, cupientem in amoris exercitu militari: in quo quidem libro, cujusque gradus et ordinis mulier ab homine cujusque conditionis et status ad amorem sapientissime invitatur; et ultimo in fine ipsius libri de amoris reprobatione subjungitur.”
Crescimbeni, Lives of the Provençal Poets, sub voce Percivalle Boria, cites a manuscript in the library of Nicolo Bargiacchi, at Florence, and quotes various passages from it. This manuscript is a translation of the treatise of André le Chapelain. The Accademia della Crusca admitted it among the works which furnished examples for its dictionary.
There have been various editions of the original Latin. Frid. Otto Menckenius, in his Miscellanea Lipsiensia nova, Leipsic 1751, Vol. VIII, part I, pp. 545 and ff., mentions a very old edition without date or place of printing, which he considers must belong to the first age of printing: “Tractatus amoris et de amoris remedio Andreae cappellani Innocentii papae quarti.”
A second edition of 1610 bears the following title:—
“Erotica seu amatoria Andreae capellani regii, vetustissimi scriptoris ad venerandum suum amicum Guualterium scripta, nunquam ante hac edita, sed saepius a multis desiderata; nunc tandem fide diversorum MSS. codicum in publicum emissa a Dethmaro Mulhero, Dorpmundae, typis Westhovianis, anno Una Caste et Vere amanda.”
A third edition reads: “Tremoniae, typis Westhovianis, anno 1614.”.
André divides thus methodically the subjects which he proposes to discuss:—
Quid sit amor et unde dicatur.1
Quis sit effectus amoris.
Inter quos possit esse amor.
Qualiter amor acquiratur, retineatur, augmentetur, minuatur, finiatur.
De notitia mutui amoris, et quid unus amantium agere debeat, altero fidem fallente.
Each of these questions is discussed in several paragraphs.
Andreas makes the lover and his lady speak alternately. The lady raises objections, the lover tries to convince her with reasons more or less subtle. Here is a passage which the author puts into the mouth of the lover:—
“... Sed si forte horum sermonum te perturbet obscuritas,” eorum tibi sententiam indicabo2
Ab antiquo igitur quatuor sunt in amore gradus distincti:
Primus, in spei datione consistit.
Secundus, in osculi exhibitione.
Tertius, in amplexus fruitione.
Quartus, in totius concessione personae finitur.”
Notes
1
What love is and whence it is so-called.
What are the effects of love?
Between whom love can exist.
In what way love is won, kept, made to increase, to wane or to end.
The way to know if love is returned, and what one of the lovers should do when the other proves faithless.
2 But lest perchance you are troubled by the obscurity of this discourse, I shall give you the argument:—
From all antiquity there are four different degrees of love:
The first consists in giving hope.
The second in the offer of a kiss.
The third in the enjoyment of the most intimate caresses.
The fourth in the surrender of body and soul.