Californian Milkwort
Polygala Californica, Nutt. Milkwort Family
Stems.—Two to eight inches high. Leaves.—Six to twelve lines long. Flowers.—Rose-purple. Sepals.—Five; two of them large and spreading like wings; six lines or less long. Petals.—Three; united to each other and to the stamen-tube; the middle one hooded above and beaked. Stamens.—Eight. Filaments united into a sheath, which is open above. Anthers one-celled; opening terminally. Ovary.—Two-celled. Style enlarging upward; curved like a button-hook. Pod.—Rounded; flat; three or four lines across. Syn.—P. cucullata, Benth. Hab.—The Coast Ranges southward to Santa Barbara and beyond.
In late spring the little flowers of the milkwort are common upon dry hill-slopes in the shade of the trees. The small plants have a very grown-up look, as though their age might be greater than indicated by their stature. At first glance, one is quite certain to mistake these plants for members of the pea family, as the blossoms have wings and a keel like the papilionaceous flower. But a careful counting of sepals, petals, and stamens will reveal their separate identity.
A curious feature of this plant is the fact that it bears another kind of flower near the root. This is without petals, and is destined, for some strange reason, to bear the seed. The upper flowers seem mostly for show, though one does occasionally mature fruit.
P. cornuta, Kell., found in the Sierras, is a larger plant, with greenish-white flowers.
CALIFORNIAN MILKWORT—Polygala Californica.