Remarks
Italy’s aggressive action was prompted by a desire not to be left behind in the competition for territorial acquisitions in Africa.
First Balkan War 1912–1913
Belligerents
Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro.
Turkey.
Cause
Even after the deposition of the Sultan, Abdul Hamid, and the triumph of the Young Turks in the revolution of 1908 the misgovernment of Turkey did not cease, more especially in Macedonia, where the European Powers had entirely failed to secure any reforms, but produced an intolerable situation in the Balkan Peninsula. Despairing of the successful intervention of the Powers the Balkan States determined to take matters into their own hands. For the first time an alliance was formed between Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia for the purpose of destroying the Turkish Empire in Europe.