Royle begins with Egypt’s ruinous debts under the Khedive Ismail, which drew in European creditors, and the army movement led by Arabi Pasha. He then follows the British bombardment of Alexandria and the victory at Tel-el-Kebir, the rise of the Mahdi in the Sudan, Gordon’s mission and siege at Khartoum, and the relief expedition, quoting Gordon’s own defiant journals and letters.
A detailed contemporary military history, written from a British standpoint, for students of Victorian imperial campaigns. Download the free EPUB.