The Battle for Khe Sanh

Appendix a Bibliographical Notes and Footnotes

Explanatory Note: Unless otherwise noted the material in this monograph is derived from Admiral Ulysses S. G. Sharp, USN, and General William C. Westmoreland, USA, Report On The War In Vietnam, hereafter Sharp and Westmoreland, Report On The War; Maj John J. Cahill, USMC, and Jack Shulimson, “History of U. S. Marine Corps Operations in Vietnam, Jan-Jun65”; FMFPac, Operations of U. S. Marine Forces Vietnam, Mar67-Apr68, hereafter FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam; FMFPac, U. S. Marine Corps Forces in Vietnam Mar65-Sep67 Historical Summary, Volume I: Narrative, hereafter FMFPac HistSum; III MAF Command Chronologies Apr67-Apr68, hereafter III MAF CmdChron; 3d Marine Division Command Chronologies, Apr67-Apr68, hereafter 3d MarDiv CmdChron; 1st Marine Aircraft Wing Command Chronologies, Apr67-Apr68, hereafter 1st MAW CmdChron; 26th Marines Command Chronologies, Apr67-Apr68, hereafter 26th Marines CmdChron; 1/26 Command Chronologies, Apr67-Apr68, hereafter 1/26 CmdChron; 2/26 Command Chronologies, Jan68-Apr68, hereafter 2/26 CmdChron; 3/26 Command Chronologies, Jun67-Apr68, hereafter 3/26 CmdChron; 3d Marines Khe Sanh Operations After Action Report, 9Jun67, hereafter 3d Marines Khe Sanh AAR; VMGR-152 Command Chronologies Jan68-Apr68, hereafter VMGR-152 CmdChron; Marine Corps Command Center, Status of Forces, Apr68, hereafter MCCC Status of Forces; Defense Intelligence Bulletins Dec67-Apr68, hereafter DIA IntBul; Six Month Evaluation Report, prepared by HQ, MACV 31May68; Presentation of LtGen Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC, in 1968 General Officers Symposium Book, HQMC, dtd 15Jul68; CG, FMFPac msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68; Combat Operations After Action Report, Operation PEGASUS (C), hereafter PEGASUS AAR; Gen William C. Westmoreland ltr to CMC dtd 14Dec68, Subj: Review of the draft manuscript “The Battle of Khe Sanh Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Westmoreland Comments; LtGen Lewis W. Walt Interviews with HistBr dtd 17Dec67 and 14Jan69; LtGen Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC, ltr to Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, HQMC, dtd 26Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Cushman Comments; LtGen Herman Nickerson, USMC, memo to Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, HQMC, dtd Dec68, Subj: Review of draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Nickerson Comments; LtGen William B. Rosson, USA, ltr to CMC dtd 18Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Rosson Comments; LtGen John J. Tolson, III, USA, ltr to CMC dtd 21Jan69, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Tolson Comments; MajGen Norman J. Anderson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 2Jan69, Subj: Khe Sanh Historical Monograph, hereafter Anderson Comments; MajGen Louis Metzger, USMC, memo to Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, HQMC, dtd 23Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Metzger Comments; MajGen John R. Chaisson comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Chaisson Comments; Interview with MajGen Rathvon McC. Tompkins, USMC, dtd 26Aug68 No. 3088 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC), hereafter Tompkins Interview; Deputy Chief of Staff (Air) comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” dtd 9Dec68, hereafter DCS/Air Comments; BGen Robert P. Keller, USMC, ltr to Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 17Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Keller Comments; BGen Harry C. Olson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 13Jan69, Subj. “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Olson Comments; BGen Carl W. Hoffman, USMC, ltr to CMC (Code AO3D) dtd 22Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Hoffman Comments; Chief, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 18Dec68, Subj: Review of Historical Study, “The Battle of Khe Sanh”; Chief, Historical Studies Branch, USAF Historical Division ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 22Jan69, Subj: Review of Historical Study, “The Battle of Khe Sanh”; Chief, Project CORONA HARVEST ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 15Jan69, Subj: Review of Draft Manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Air Force Historical Comments; Interview with Col David E. Lownds, USMC, dtd Jul68, No. 801 674/4 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC), hereafter Lownds Jul Interview; Col David E. Lownds, USMC, Interview with HistBr dtd 13Sep68, hereafter Lownds Sep Interview; Col Frank E. Wilson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 6Jan69, Subj: Review of “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Wilson Comments; Col Bruce F. Meyers, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 16Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh” hereafter Meyers Comments; Interview with Col Franklin N. Pippin, USMC, dtd 24Jun68, No. 2907 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Interview with Col Johnnie C. Vance, Jr., USMC, dtd 20Jun68, No. 2909 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Col Robert D. Brown, USAF, ltr to HQMC (AO3D) dtd 8Jan69, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh” hereafter Brown Comments; Col Robert E. Brofft, USAF, ltr to HQMC (AO3D) dtd 8Jan69, Subj: Monograph, “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Brofft Comments; LtCol John F. Mitchell, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 31Jan69, Subj: Comments on “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Mitchell Comments; LtCol Harry L. Alderman, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh” hereafter Alderman Comments; LtCol James B. Wilkinson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd Dec68, Subj: Response to HQMC ltr AO3D-rem S807 373 of 6Dec68, “The Battle of Khe Sanh,” hereafter Wilkinson Comments; LtCol John A. Hennelly, USMC, comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh” of 15Feb69, hereafter Hennelly Comments; Interview with LtCol Edward J. A. Castagna, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); LtCol Francis J. Heath, Jr., USMC, comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Heath Comments; LtCol Frederick J. McEwan, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 30Dec68, Subj: Comments on “The Battle of Khe Sanh Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter McEwan Comments; LtCol Johnny O. Gregerson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3, HQMC dtd 3Jan69, Subj: Review of a draft copy of the historical monograph: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Gregerson Comments; LtCol John C. Studt, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3, HQMC dtd 24Dec68, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh” manuscript, hereafter Studt Comments; Interview with LtCol Harry T. Hagaman, USMC, dtd 2Mar68, No. 2548 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); LtCol William J. White, USMC, comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” n.d., hereafter White Comments; Interview with Maj William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Maj John A. Shepherd, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, dtd 2Jan69, Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” hereafter Shepherd Comments; Taped comments of Maj Matthew P. Caulfield, USMC, on the draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” dtd 2Jan69, hereafter Caulfield Comments; Interview with Maj Matthew P. Caulfield, USMC, dtd 10Feb68, No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Maj Wayne M. Wills, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3, HQMC, dtd 2Jan69, Subj: Historical Monograph, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Wills Comments; Maj Harper L. Bohr, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3, HQMC, dtd 18Dec68, Subj: Comments concerning “The Battle of Khe Sanh” hereafter Bohr Comments; Maj Jerry E. Hudson, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3, HQMC, dtd 2Jan69, Subj: Review of Historical Monograph of Khe Sanh, hereafter Hudson Comments; Maj Mirza M. Baig, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC dtd 23Dec68, Subj: Comments on draft manuscript, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” hereafter Baig Comments; Maj William H. Dabney, USMC, comments on draft manuscript n.d., “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” hereafter Dabney Comments; Maj William H. Dabney, USMC, Interview with HistBr dtd 10Jan69; Maj Earl G. Breeding, USMC, comments on draft manuscript dtd 22Dec68, “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68,” hereafter Breeding Comments; Interview with Capt Earl G. Breeding, dtd Jul68, No. 2121 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Maj Kenneth W. Pipes, USMC ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, n.d., Subj: Khe Sanh Manuscript, hereafter Pipes Comments; Interview with Capt Kenneth W. Pipes, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); 1stLt James M. Alexander, USMC, ltr to HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC, n.d., Subj: “The Battle of Khe Sanh, Apr67-Apr68” hereafter Alexander Comments; Interview with 1stLt James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Interview with 1stLt William L. Everhart, USMC, dtd 10Feb68, No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Interview with Sgt Timothy B. Keady, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); Interview with HM3 Frank V. Calzia, USN, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC); LCpl Michael A. Barry, USMC, Interview with HistBr dtd 17Feb69; Cornelius D. Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War: Its Conduct and Higher Direction (Washington, D. C.: The Center For Strategic Studies, Georgetown University, 1968) (U), hereafter Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War; Bernard B. Fall, The Two Viet-Nams (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965 ed.) (U); Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr., USMC, Soldiers of the Sea (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute 1962 ed.) (U); Capt Ken Kashiwahara, USAF, “Lifeline to Khe Sanh,” The Airman, v. XII, no. 7 (Jul68) (U), hereafter Kashiwahara, “Lifeline to Khe Sanh”; Washington Star, 25May68, p. 13 (Early Bird) (U); Washington Star, 9Jun68, p. 1-E (Early Bird); Baltimore Sun, 25May68, p. 2 (Early Bird) (U). All documentary material cited is located in the HistBr, G-3 Division, HQMC and, unless otherwise noted, carries an overall classification of Secret.

Footnotes

1 Major John J. Cahill, USMC and Jack Shulimson, “History of U. S. Marine Corps Operations in Vietnam, Jan-Jun65,” pp. 67, 68, 126 (S).

2FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jun67, pp. 5-12 (S).

3Ibid.

43d MarDiv CmdChron, Oct68, p. 11 (S).

5FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Mar67, p. 15 (S).

63d Marines Khe Sanh AAR, p. 7 (S); Bernard B. Fall, The Two Viet-Nams (New York: Frederick A. Praeger 1965 ed.), p. 3.

7Westmoreland Comments.

83d Marines, Khe Sanh AAR, p. 12 (S).

9Lieutenant General Lewis W. Walt Interview with Historical Branch dtd 17Dec68 and 14Jan69 (S).

103d Marines, Khe Sanh AAR, pp, 7-30 (S).

11Ibid.

12Ibid., pp. 32-33 (S).

13FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, May67, p. 11 (S).

14Ibid., pp. 7-10, 19 (S).

15FMFPac HistSum, pp. 7-17 (S).

16FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jul67, pp. 9-13 (S).

17Ibid.

18FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Sep67, pp. 52-73 (S); 3d MarDiv ComdChron, Sep67, p. 25 (S); Chaisson Comments; Personal observations of the author.

19Westmoreland Comments; Metzger Comments.

20FMFPac, Marine Opns in Vietnam, Oct67, pp. 24-36 (S).

21Metzger Comments.

2226th Marines CmdChron, May67, p. 4 (S).

23Ibid.

2426th Marines CmdChron, Jun67, p. 4 (S).

25Ibid., Jul67, p. 4 (S).

26Col Lownds tape No. 801 674/4 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Aug67, p. 4 (S); Metzger Comments.

27Wilkinson Comments.

28Col Lownds Tape No. 801 674/4 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Aug67, p. 4 (S), Brown Comments.

2926th Marines CmdChron, Nov67, p. 4 (S).

30Cushman Comments; Hoffman Comments.

3126th Marines CmdChron, Dec67, p. 4 (S).

32Alderman Comments.

33Bohr Comments.

34Hudson Comments.

35FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan 68, pp. 8, 9; III MAF CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 60 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

36Lownds Sep Interview (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 10 (S); Caulfield Comments.

37Lownds Sep Interview (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S).

383/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S).

392/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 2 (S).

40Ibid.; Breeding Comments; Caulfield Comments.

4126th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

42FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan68, p. 10 (S).

4326th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S); Alderman Comments; Dabney Comments; Caulfield Comments.

44Ibid.]

45Dabney Comments.

46Ibid.; 26th CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); 3/26 CmdChron, Jan68, p. 3 (S); Alderman Comments; Dabney Comments.

47Ibid.

48Cushman Comments; Tompkins Interview (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S); Wilkinson Comments; Pipes Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 5 (S).

49Caulfield Comments.]

50Alderman Comments.

51Caulfield Comments.

52 Ibid.

533/26 CmdChron, Jan 68, p. 3 (S); Caulfield Comments.

54Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with Major Matthew P. Caulfield, USMC dtd 10Feb68, No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Caulfield Comments.

55Dabney Comments; Caulfield Comments.

56Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; White Comments.

57Pipes Comments.

58Wilkinson Comments.

5926th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Hudson Comments.

60Interview with First Lieutenant William L. Everhart, dtd 10Feb68 No. 2535 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments.

6126th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 9 (S); FMFPac Marine Opns in Vietnam, Jan68, p. 11 (S); Tompkins Interview (S); Hudson Comments.

62Lownds Sep Interview (S).

6326th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 9 (S).

64Cushman Comments.

65Ibid.; Westmoreland Comments.

66Westmoreland Comments.

67Ibid.; Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 163.

6826th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 4, 11 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S).

69Lownds Sep Interview (S); Baig Comments.

70Wilkinson Comments.

7126th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, p. 4 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; Wilkinson Comments.

7226th Marines CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3, 4 (S); III MAF CmdChron, Jan68, pp. 3-10 (S).

73Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 158.

74Presentation of Lieutenant General Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC, in 1968 General Officers Symposium Book, dtd 15Jul68 (S).

75Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War, pp. 101-104.

76Ibid., Sharp and Westmoreland, Report on The War, p. 235.

77Ibid.

78Sullivan, et al., The Vietnam War, p. 99.

79Ibid.

80Lownds Jul Interview (S).

81Ibid.

82Ibid.; CG FMFPac msg to CMC, dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S).

83Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

84Dabney Comments.

85Ibid.

86Ibid.

87Ibid.; Caulfield Comments.

88Dabney Comments.

89Lownds Jul Interview (S).

90Mitchell Comments.

91Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S); Tompkins Interview (S).

92Ibid.; Mitchell Comments.

9326th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 8 (S); Interview with Captain Earl G. Breeding, USMC, dtd Jul68, No. 2121 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S): Breeding Comments.

94Ibid.

95Ibid.

96Ibid.; Dabney Comments.

97Ibid.

98White Comments.

9926th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8-10 (S); Tompkins Interview (S).

100Ibid.; Lownds Jul Interview (S); Hennelly Comments.

101Hennelly Comments.

102Hudson Comments.

103Wilkinson Comments.

104Lownds Sep Interview; Caulfield Comments.

105Anderson Comments.

106Westmoreland Comments; White Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 4-8 (S).

107DIA IntBul.

10826th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8, 48 (S); Mitchell Comments.

109Ibid.

110Lance Corporal Michael A. Barry Interview with HistBr, dtd 17Feb69.

111Ibid.

11226th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, pp. 8, 48, 49 (S); Mitchell Comments.

11326th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 49 (S).

114Ibid., p. 51 (S).

115Air Force Historical Comments; 1st MAW CmdChron, Feb68, p. 8 (S).

116Wilkinson Comments; White Comments.

11726th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, p. 51 (S); Kashiwahara, “Lifeline to Khe Sanh”.

118Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview (S).

119VMGR-152 CmdChron, Feb68, p. 4 (S); Gregerson Comments.

120Kashiwahara, “Lifeline to Khe Sanh”; Meyers Comments; Brown Comments; Air Force Historical Comments.

121Ibid.; Lownds Jul Interview (S).

122Ibid.

123Information provided by the Marine Corps Command Center on 19Feb68.

124Ibid.

1251st MAW CmdChron, Jan, Feb, Mar68 (S); Wilson Comments.

126Ibid.

127Dabney Comments.

128Ibid.

129Wilson Comments.

130DCS/Air Comments.

131Breeding Comments.

132See 1st MAW CmdChron, Jan, Feb, Mar68 (S); CG FMFPac msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S).

133 Wilkinson Comments.

134CG FMFPac Msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S); Lownds Jul Interview (S).

135See 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb, and Mar68 (S).

136Lownds Sep Interview (S).

13726th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb, and Mar68 (S); Lownds Sep Interview; Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments; Gregerson Comments; Air Force Historical Comments.

1381st MAW CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S).

139Ibid., Debrief Sheets (S).

140Dabney Comments.

1411st MAW CmdChron, Feb 68, p. 2-2 (S); Pipes Comments.

142Interview with Lieutenant Colonel Harry T. Hagaman, USMC, dtd 2Mar68, No. 2548 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (C).

143Information supplied by U. S. Air Force Public Information Office, 16Oct68 (U); Chaisson Comments; Air Force Historical Comments; Brofft Comments.

144Tompkins Interview (S).

145Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview (S); Kashiwahara, “Lifeline to Khe Sanh.”

146Air Force Historical Comments; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S); Tompkins Interview; Baig Comments.

147Gregerson Comments.

148Lownds Jul Interview (S); Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Gregerson Comments.

149Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Hennelly Comments.

150Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar 68 (S); Gregerson Comments.

151Ibid.

152Ibid.

153Lownds Interview; Hennelly Comments.

154Hennelly Comments.

155Baig Comments.

156Hennelly Comments.

157Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S); Baig Comments.

158Ibid.

159Baig Comments.

160Ibid.

161Ibid.

162Ibid.; Interview with Lieutenant Colonel Edward J. A. Castagna, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr., USMC, Soldiers of the Sea (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute 1962 ed.) p. 563.

163Baig Comments.

164Six Month Evaluation Report, HQ USMACV, 31May68 (S); Interview with Colonel Franklin N. Pippin, USMC, dtd 24Jun68, No. 2907 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

1651/26 CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); CG FMFPac msg to CMC dtd 200327Z Mar68 (S); Information provided by Research, Development, and Study Division, HQMC, 8Nov68 (U); Lownds Jul Interview (S).

16626th Marines CmdChron, Jan and Feb68 (S); Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

16726th Marines CmdChron, Jan, Feb and Mar68 (S).

168Dabney Comments.

169Ibid.

170Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with Sergeant Timothy B. Keady, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

171Baltimore Sun, 25 May, p. 2 (Early Bird) (U).

172Interview with First Lieutenant James M. Alexander, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Major William J. Sullivan, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Colonel Johnnie C. Vance, Jr., USMC, dtd 20Jun68, No. 2909 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S); Interview with Major John A. Shepherd, USMC, dtd 26Apr68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

173Shepherd Comments.

174Lownds Sep Interview (S).

175Lownds Jul Interview (S).

176Ibid.; Tompkins Interview (S).

177Keller Comments.

178Wilkinson Comments.

17926th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, Encl 1 (S).

180Ibid.

181Lownds Sep Interview (S); Interview with HM3 Class Frank V. Calzia, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

182Ibid.; Interview with Captain Kenneth W. Pipes, USMC, dtd Mar68, No. 2621 (Oral History Collection, HistBr, HQMC) (S).

183Ibid.

184Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Feb68, Encl 1 (S).

185Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

186Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, p. 4 (S); Baig Comments.

18726th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, pp. 3, 4 (S); Wilkinson Comments.

188Ibid.; Lownds Sep Interview.

18926th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, p. 8 (S).

190Ibid., pp. 11, 12.

191Ibid., p. 7.

192Ibid., pp. 7, 8.

193Ibid., p. 6.

194Ibid., p. 10 (S).

195Ibid.; White Comments.

196Ibid.; McEwan Comments; Pipes Comments.

19726th Marines CmdChron, Mar68, pp. 9, 10, and Encl 1.

198Ibid.; Baig Comments.

199MCCC, Status of Forces, Apr 68 (S); Lownds Sep Interview (S); PEGASUS AAR, pp. 1-4.

200PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C); Westmoreland Comments; Cushman Comments.

201Ibid.

202Tolson Comments.

203Ibid.

204PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C); Rosson Comments.

205Ibid.

206Ibid.

207Ibid.; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

208PEGASUS AAR, Encl 1 (C).

209Ibid.

210Ibid.; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S); Tolson Comments.

211PEGASUS AAR, pp. 13, 14 (C).

212Ibid., Encl 1.

213Ibid.

2143/26 CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Studt Comments; Meyers Comments.

215Ibid.; Caulfield Comments.

216Ibid.; Dabney Comments.

217Caulfield Comments.

218Meyers Comments.

2193/26 CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Meyers Comments; Studt Comments.

220Caulfield Comments.

221PEGASUS AAR.

222Ibid.; 26th Marines CmdChron, Apr68, p. 4 (S); Caulfield Comments.

223Baltimore Sun, 25May68, p. 2 (Early Bird) (U); Washington Star, 25May68, p. 13 (Early Bird) (U).

224Ibid.

225Olson Comments.

226Cushman Comments.

227Alderman Comments; Caulfield Comments.

228Baig Comments.

229Tompkins Interview; Lownds Jul and Sep Interviews (S).

230Westmoreland Comments; Cushman Comments; Rosson Comments.

231Ibid.

232Ibid.

233Washington Star, 9Jun68, p. 1-E (Early Bird) (U).