Bibliography
Books
Erichsen, A. E., Bergers Kathedralskoles Historie.
Hertzberg, N., Paedagogiskens Historie.
Holst, Axel, Skolehygiene.
Monroe, W. S., In Viking Land. Norway: Its People, Its Fjords and Its Fjelds.
Paludan, J., Det Hoiere Skolevaesen i Danmark, Norge og Sverig.
Salmonsens Store, Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon.
Thieste, J. Schaan, Byskoleloven med Forklarende Anmerkninger.
Thieste, J. Schaan, Landskoleloven med Forklarende Anmerkninger.
Periodicals and Reports
Anderssen, Otto, Fra Norske Skoleforhold i 1908, Vor Ungdom, 1909.
Anderssen, Otto, Fra Norske Skoleforhold i 1909, Vor Ungdom, 1910.
Anderssen, Otto, “Norwegisches Schulwesen,” Sonderabdruck aus W. Reins Encyklopadischem Handbuch der Pädagogik, 2. Auflage.
Anderssen, Otto, Skolen for Skolens Opgaver.
Anderssen, Otto, “The New Laws for the Secondary Schools in Norway,” Special Reports on Educational Subjects, Gt. Britain, 8: 168.
Heiberg, J. V., “Education in Norway,” Norway (Official Publication for the Paris Exhibition 1900), pp. 266-294.
Nissen, Hartvig, “Public Instruction in Norway,” The American Journal of Education, 8: 295-304.
Norsk Skoletidende, Published since 1869.
Pogue, Belle C., “Education and Schools of Norway,” Education, 10: 420-424.
Report of the Commissioner of Education of the United States, 1871, 1873, 1878, 1881, 1882-3, 1885-6, 1888-9, 1889-90, 1891-2, 1894-5, 1896-7, 1897-8, 1902, 1903, 1906, 1910.
Skolebladet, Published since 1898.
Thornton, J. S., “Schools Public and Private in the North of Europe,” Special Reports on Educational Subjects, Great Britain, 17: 36-65.
Vold, J. Mourly, Report of Royal Commission of Secondary Education, Great Britain, 5: 640-644.
Official Publications
Beretning om Skolevaesenets tilstand i Kongeriget Norge. Yearly since 1861.
Forslag til en forandret Ordning af den høiere Almenskole af den ved kgl. Resolutions af 3 die September 1890 nedsatte Kommission.
Gymnasiet: Lov om høiere Almenskoler; Reglement for de høiere Almenskoler; Undervisningssplan; Eksamensreglement; 1911.
Lov af 9de June 1903 om forandret Prøver ved Universitetet.
Lov om abnørme Børns Undervisning.
Lov om behandling af forsømte Børn.
Lov om det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet.
Lov om Folkeskolen i Kjøbstaederne.
Lov om Folkeskolen paa Landet.
Lov om høiere Almenskoler.
Lov om Laererskoler og Prøver for Laerere og Laererinder i Folkeskolen.
Middelskolen: Lov om høiere Almenskoler; Reglement for de høiere Almenskoler; Undervisningsplan; Eksamensreglement. 1911.
Naermere Bestemmelser angaaende de offentlige Laererskoler og Laererprøver.
Norwege: Lois sur L’Enseignement Public.
Odelsthings Proposition Nr. 36 (1909) om forandringer i Lov om høiere Almenskoler av 27de Juli 1896.
Odelsthing Proposition Nr. 12 (1910): A. Om forandringer i lov om høiere Almenskoler av 27de Juli 1896. B. Om forandring i lov om forberedende prøver ved Universitet av 9de Juni 1903.
Reglement for Aarsprøver, Middelskole-eksamen, og Eksamen Artium. Reglement for de høiere Almenskoler og Undervisningsplan for Middelskolen, 1903.
Reglement for den ved Lov af 18 de Januar 1902 anordnede Optagelsesprøve ved Laererskolerne.
Reglement for det Paedagogiske Seminar og Paedagogisk Eksamen.
Statistisk Aarbok for Kongeriket Norge. Yearly.
Sorthings Proposition Nr. 1, Hovedpost V. (1910) om bevilgning til det høiere Skolevaesen.
Undervisningsplan for Gymnasiet, 1903.
Universitets-og Skole-Annaler. Yearly.
Footnotes
1 The Constitution (Grundlov) adopted at Eidsvold, Norway, May 17, 1814.
2 Statistics for 1907—the last published.
3 The law requires the opening of residences having sufficient room for the accommodation of these groups of pupils for instructional purposes. Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 41.
4 Law for Higher State Schools, Sec. 2.
5 Statistics for 1907.
6 Law for City Schools, Sec. 5, as amended on August 15, 1908.
7 Schools undertaking educational work of this character must meet specified standards in course of study, equipment, teaching staff, etc., to have their work accredited by the state.
8 The only difference between state and communal schools consists in the fact that in the one case the state and in the other a commune takes the initial step in the establishment of the school and bears the larger portion of the burden in its maintenance. The work of the two is uniform in every particular. They are together referred to as state schools in contrast to private schools.
9 Law for City Schools, Sec. 28 as revised in 1908. Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 26 as revised in 1908.
10 Some are always appointed from outside the city of Christiania.
11 Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 42.
12 Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 5.
13 Gathered from Law for Rural Schools, Sections 5, 15, 16, 56, 57, and 59.
14 In communes where the number of regular teaching positions in the primary schools is fifteen or over, of which at least five are positions for females, one male and one female teacher occupying regular posts are chosen. In communes where the number of positions is under fifteen, one male or female teacher occupying a regular post is chosen. Where a male and a female teacher are to be chosen, the elections take place in separate meetings of the male and the female teachers, each selecting its representative; in the other communes election takes place in a common meeting. Election is for two years. The meetings are conducted by the chairman of the school board. Schools provided and sustained by the owners of industrial concerns within the communes may each be represented in the meetings of the school board, by an owner of such establishment, while matters pertaining to the school in which he is interested are being considered. Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 47.
15 The law provides that there shall be on the school board a priest for each pastorate within the commune, though not to exceed three. In all cases of necessity the bishop having direction of church affairs in the locality appoints the ministerial members of the board. Their appointments are for three years.
16 The executive board of the communal council each year elects one of its members to act on the school board for one year.
17 In cities where the number of regular teaching positions is fifteen or more there are elected one male and one female teacher; and in cities where the number of regular teaching positions is less than fifteen, but at least five, one male or one female teacher. In cases where two teachers are elected, the sexes separate, each selecting its own representative; but where only one is elected they all meet together and choose one of their number. Election is for two years. The meetings are conducted by the chairman of the school board.
The above notes are from: Law for City Schools, Sec. 40.
18 Law for Rural Schools, Sec. 15. A crown is equal to about twenty-seven cents.
19 Law for Secondary Schools, Sec. 33.
20 Reported in 1905 as already effective or to become effective immediately.
21 Year 1905.
22 Year 1910-1911.
23 Law for City Schools, Sec. 4.
24 An organization providing a series of weekly lectures by men of prominence from various places, for the populace and especially adapted to the working classes.
25 The course with Latin includes 4 hours of French in the first year and 5 hours in the second; the real course offers it 4 hours in the first year, and 2 hours in the second and third years.
26 A school law passed in 1896 omitted Latin from the course of study. Another act of the same Storthing granted privilege of offering Latin as an elective in several schools.
27 Hall, G. Stanley, Educational Problems. Vol. I. p. 294.
28 Plato, The Republic, p. 424.
29 Bolton, F. E., The Secondary School System of Germany, 375.
30 Report of Bureau of Education, 1891-1892, Vol. II. p. 807.
31 Special Report, No. 2, 1883.
32 Report of Commissioner of Education, 1878, p. 71.
33 Whetham, W. C. D. and C. D., Decadence and Civilization, The Hibbert Journal, Vol. X. No. 1.
34 Betts, G. H., The Recitation, p. 2.
35 Hall, G. Stanley, Educational Problems, Vol. II., p. 295.