Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester

Sources and Authorities

I. Printed Books

Documents and Original Letters

	CITED AS
Rotuli Parliamentorum. London, 1767-77. Comprises Petitions, Pleas, and Proceedings in Parliament, 1278-1503.	Rot. Parl.
Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council (1386-1542). Ed. by Sir H. N. Nicolas. London, 1834-37.	Ordinances.
Rotuli Scotiae in Turri Londiniensi asservati. London, 1814-19.	Rot. Scot.
Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium in Turri Londiniensi. London, 1802. This calendar only contains excerpts from the Patent Rolls. The new calendars published do not as yet include the important periods of the Duke of Gloucester’s life.	Cal. Rot. Pat.
Issues of the Exchequer. Collected by Frederick Devon. London, 1837.	Devon, Issue Roll.
Calendar of Norman Rolls:—
For the year 1417. Rotuli Normanniae, vol. i. (all published). Ed. by T. D. Hardy. London, 1835.	Rot. Norm.
For the year 1418 and onwards. Reports of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Nos. 41 and 42. Appendices. London, 1880, 1881.	Cal. of Norman Rolls.
Calendar of the French Rolls. Reports of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Nos. 44 and 48. Appendices. London, 1883, 1887.	Cal. of French Rolls.
Catalogue des Rolles Gascons, Normans et Français. By Thomas Carte. London, 1743. Certain selections from these rolls only.	Carte.
Reports of the Lords’ Committees touching the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm. London, 1829.	Lords’ Reports.
Foedera Conventiones Litterae et cujuscumque Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae et alios. Collected by Thomas Rymer. Third ed. by George Holmes. ‘Hagae comitis apud Joannem Neaulme.’ 1745. Miscellaneous documents illustrative of English History.	Rymer.
Memorials of London. Extracts from the early Archives of the City of London, 1276-1419. By H. T. Riley. London, 1868.	Memorials of London.
Collection Générale des Documents Français. Publiés par Jules Delpit. Paris, 1847. Documents drawn mainly from the Archives of the City of London.	Delpit, Doc. Fr.
Testamenta Vetusta. By Sir Harris Nicolas. London, 1868. A collection of Ancient Wills, from Henry V. to Elizabeth inclusive.	Test. Vetust.
Excerpta Historica. Ed. by Samuel Bentley. London, 1831. Miscellaneous documents, collected from various sources; published originally in four parts during 1830, but unfortunately discontinued owing to a lack of support.	Excerpta Historica.
Rechnungen über Heinrich von Derby’s Preussenfahrten, von Dr. Hans Prutz. Leipzig, 1893. Accounts of Henry’s Treasurer. A similar volume has been edited by the Camden Society by Lucy Toulmin Smith.	Prutz.
Ordinances for the Government of the Household, Liber Niger Domus Regis Edwardi quarti. London, 1790.	Ordinances of the Household.
Preuves de l’Histoire de Bourgogne. In vol. iv. of Histoire Générale de Bourgoyne par Urbain Plancher. Dijon, 1781.	Plancher, Preuves.
Particularités Curieuses sur Jacqueline de Bavière, Comtesse de Hainaut. Première Partie ed. by A. D. No. 7 des Publications de la Société des Bibliophiles de Mons. Mons, 1838. Extracts from the Register of the City of Mons.	Particularités Curieuses.
Cartulaire des Contes de Hainaut. Vols, iv., v., vi. Bruxelles, 1889-96. Collections des Chroniques Belges inédites. A collection of documents taken from the various city registers and other sources.	Cartulaire.
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Jakobäa von Bayern. In Abhandlungen der Historischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band x. Munich, 1867. Erste Abtheilung (1401-26), pp. 1-112. Zweite Abtheilung (1426-36), pp. 205-336. A miscellaneous collection of extracts from documents and chroniclers.	Beiträge.
Aus der Kanzlei Kaiser Sigismunds. Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte des Constanzer Concils. Herausgegeben von J. Caro in Archiv für Oestreichische Geschichte. Vol. 59. Vienna, 1880. Contains some documents relating to Sigismund’s visit in England.
Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae. By David Wilkins. London, 1737. A collection of letters and documents relating to ecclesiastical matters.	Wilkin’s, Concilia.
Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers, illustrating the History of Great Britain and Ireland. Papal Letters. Vol. vii. London, 1906.	Papal Letters.
Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France during the reign of Henry VI. Ed. by J. Stevenson. Rolls Series, No, 22. London, 1861-64.	Stevenson, Letters and Papers.
Registrum Abbatiae T. Whethamstede. Ed. by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1872-73.	Whethamstede.
Munimenta Academica. Ed. by Henry Anstey. Rolls Series, No. 50. London, 1898. Documents illustrative of Life and Studies at Oxford.	Munimenta Acad.
Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (Registrum F.) Ed. by H. Anstey. (Oxford Historical Society.) Oxford, 1898.	Epist. Acad.
The Paston Letters. Ed. by J. Gairdner. London, 1872-75.	Paston Letters.
Official Correspondence of Thomas Beckington. Ed. by G. Williams. Rolls Series, No. 56. London, 1872.	Beckington Correspondence.
Æneae Sylvii Piccolominei, Opera quae extant omnia. Basel, 1851.	Æn. Sylv., Opera.
Leonardi Bruni Aretini Epistolarum, Libri viii. Ed. by Lorenzo Metus. Florence, 1741.	Leonardi Bruni Epistolae.
Original Letters illustrative of English History. Ed. by Sir Henry Ellis. Three Series. London, 1825-45.	Ellis, Letters.
The English Historical Review:—	Eng. Hist. Review.
Vol. x. 1895. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Ed. by Bishop Creighton.
Vol. xix. 1904. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Ed. by Mario Borsa.
Vol. xx. 1905. Correspondence of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. Ed. by W. L. Newman, D. Litt.
Archivio Storico Lombardo. Vol. x. Anno xx. Milan, 1893. Pier Candido Decembri e L’Umanesimo in Lombardia, da Mario Borsa. Contains some original letters printed in an appendix.	Archivio Lombardo.
Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum amplissima collectio. Ed. by Martène and Durand. Paris, 1724-33.	Amplissima Collectio.
Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission. London. Various dates. Cited under the Number of their Report.	Hist. MSS. Rep.
Political Poems and Songs. Ed. by Thomas Wright. Rolls Series, No. 14. London, 1861.	Polit. Songs.

Contemporary Chroniclers Who Wrote in England

Annales Henrici Quarti Regis Angliae. In H. T. Riley’s Johannis de Trokelowe Chronicon and others. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1886.	Annales Henrici Quarti.
Incerti Scriptoris Chronicon Angliae de regnis trium regum. Lancastrensium. Ed. by John Allen Giles. London, 1848. Certainly not all by the same author. The Chronicle of Henry V.’s reign stops at 1416, and is the same as the Gesta Henrici Quinti below. The most valuable of the three is the Chronicle of Henry VI.’s reign, probably written by a contemporary and a cleric, and therefore having numerous references to church matters.
1st chronicle, 3rd chronicle	Chron. Henry IV. Chron. Henry VI.
Gesta Henrici Quinti. Ed. by Benjamin Williams. London, 1850. The first part of this Latin Chronicle down to 1417 was written by a chaplain in Henry’s army, being the same chronicle as Nicolas translated at the end of his ‘Battle of Agincourt.’ The continuation is by some other chronicler, and is largely borrowed from Elmham.	Gesta.
A ‘Chronique de Normandie’ is printed at the end of this chronicle, and is attributed to George Chastellain by the Editor, though this has been denied. It is, however, obviously written by a contemporary.	Chronique de Normandie.
Vita et gesta Henrici Quinti Anglorum Regis, by Thomas de Elmham. Ed. by Thomas Hearne. Oxford, 1727. Elmham was a monk of St. Augustine’s, Canterbury, of which he was treasurer in 1407, and ultimately became Prior of Lenton, Notts. He died some time during the reign of Henry VI. The attribution to him of this chronicle is doubted.	Elmham, Vita.
Titi Livi Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici Quinti. Ed. by Thomas Hearne. Oxford, 1716. Written at the suggestion of the Duke of Gloucester by an Italian attached to his household. The chronology is not always quite accurate.	Livius.
Wilhelmi Wyrcester Annales Rerum Anglicarum, 1324-1491. In Hearne’s Liber Niger Scaccarii. Vol. ii. Oxford, 1774. App. ix. excerpti Gilbert Kymeri. Dietarium de Sanitatis Custodia.	William of Worcester.
Historia Anglicana, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed. by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1864. Walsingham was one of the St. Albans Chroniclers, and wrote about 1430.	Walsingham, Hist. Angl.
Ypodigma Neustriae, by Thomas Walsingham. Ed. by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1876.	Walsingham, Ypodigma Neustriae.
Chronica Regum Angliae, by Thomas Otterbourne. Ed. by T. Hearne. 1732. A very brief record of events.	Otterbourne.
Annales Monasterii S. Albani a J. Amundesham. Ed. by H. T. Riley. Rolls Series, No. 28. London, 1870. Contains—
(1) ‘Chronicon Rerum Gestarum in Monasterio S. Albani,’ by an unknown author. It covers the years 1421-31.	St. Albans Chron.
(2) Annales of Amundesham. Amundesham was Prior of Gloucester Hall at Oxford. His Annales extend to the year 1440.	Amundesham, Annales.
Historiae Croylandensis Continuatio. Printed by Thomas Gale in vol. i. of Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores Veteres. Oxford, 1604. An unknown chronicler of the monastic house of Croyland.	Hist. Croyland. Contin.
Memorials of Henry V., King of England. Ed. by C. A. Cole. London, 1858. Contains—
(1) Vita Henrici Quinti. Roberto Redmano Auctore. Redmayne wrote in the early part of the sixteenth century.	Redmayne.
(2) Elmhami Liber Metricus de Henrico Quinto.	Elmham, Liber Metricus.
Liber de Illustribus Henricis, by John Capgrave. Ed. by F. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 7. London, 1858. Capgrave was an inmate of the Augustinian monastery of Lynn in Norfolk, and was a friend of the Duke of Gloucester.	Capgrave, De Illustr. Hen.
Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave. Ed. by F. C. Hingeston. Rolls Series, No. 1. London, 1858. The Chronicle does not go further than the year 1417.	Capgrave, Chron. of Eng.
The Historical Collections of a London Citizen. Ed, by James Gairdner. Camden Society, 1876. Contains—
(1) Poem on the Siege of Rouen, by John Page. The author was present at the siege.	John Page.
(2) Lydgate’s verses on the Kings of England.
(3) William Gregory’s Chronicle of London. Begun by Gregory, but probably continued by another writer.	Gregory.
A Chronicle of London from 1089-1483. London, 1827. One of the series of London Chronicles of which Gregory’s Chronicle is another. Lydgate’s poem on the Battle of Agincourt is printed in the Appendix.	Lond. Chron.
Chronicles of London. Edited, with an Introduction, by C. H. Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. [See Manuscript Authorities, British Museum, p. 472.]
An English Chronicle of the Kings’ reigns from Richard II. to Henry VI. Ed. by J. S. Davies. Camden Society, No. 64. London, 1856. Contains—
(1) A Chronicle founded on the English Chronicle called the Brut by an unknown author who must have died between 1461 and 1471. It was used by Stow in his ‘Annals.’	Eng. Chron.
(2) An account of the Parliament of Bury held in 1447 and the death of the Duke of Gloucester, by Richard Fox of St. Albans, who wrote it probably within a few months of the events recorded.	Richard Fox.
Three Fifteenth-century Chronicles. Ed. by James Gairdner. Camden Society. London, 1880. Contains—
(1) A Short English Chronicle. Written probably Short Eng. Chron. about the time when it ends, 1465. Not very full till Jack Cade’s Rebellion.
(2) Historical Memoranda in the handwriting of John Stow. Evidently copies of the original documents.	Stow Memoranda.
(3) Brief Notes in a late fifteenth-century hand. Probably written by a monk of Ely.	Brief Notes.
(4) A Short Latin Chronicle. By an unknown compiler who lived in the time of Henry vi. and Edward iv.	Brief Lat. Chron.
The Chronicle of John Hardyng, with the continuation of Richard Grafton. Ed. by H. Ellis. London, 1812. Hardyng was a servant of the Percys, and after Shrewsbury of Sir Robert Umfravile, whom he accompanied in the Agincourt campaign.	Hardyng.
A Latin Journal of the 1415 campaign is inserted in the above at the end of the reign of Henry v.	Hardyng’s Journal.
Caxton’s edition and continuation of Higden’s Chronicle ‘In the Abbey of Westminster... Accomplished the V day of August the yere... MCCCCLXXX.’ Higden died in 1370. The continuator was probably not Caxton.	Higden.
Polychronicon. Imprented in Southwerke for John Rey, 1527. An English Chronicle founded on the ‘Brut,’ and brought up to date.	Polychronicon.

Contemporary Foreign Chroniclers

Chroniques de Enguerrand de Monstrelet. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1826-27. A Burgundy in sympathy, Monstrelet continued the Chronicles of Froissart. He died in 1453.	Monstrelet.
Recueil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de Waurin. Ed. by Sir Will. Hardy. Roll Series, No. 39— Vol. ii. 1399-1422. London, 1868. Vol. iii. 1422-1431. London, 1874. Vol. iv. 1431-1447. London, 1884. Vol. v. 1447-1471. London, 1891. Waurin copies much from Monstrelet. He was present at Agincourt, and also was an eye-witness of Gloucester’s inroad into Flanders in 1436.	Waurin.
Chronique des Ducs de Burgoyne, par Georges Chastellain, Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1827. A Burgundy chronicler very hostile to England. He possesses a far more literary style than the other chroniclers of the time who wrote in French. He lived from 1403 to 1475.	Chastellain.
Mémoires de Pierre de Fénin. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. A native of Artois who died in 1433.	Pierre de Fénin.
Chronique du Religieux de Saint Denys. Ed. by M. L. Bellaguet. Collection de Documents inédits sur l’Histoire de France. Paris, 1852. A contemporary French chronicler whose work comprises the years 1380-1422.	St. Denys.
Chronique de Jean Le Fevre Seigneur de St. Rémy. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. Le Fevre was in the English army at Agincourt. His chronicle has much in common with those of Monstrelet and Waurin, from whom he often seems to quote.	St. Rémy.
Chroniques de Mathieu de Coussy. Ed. Buchon. Paris, 1838. An Hainaulter who wrote in the fifteenth century.	Mathieu de Coussy.
La Chronique Normande de P. Cochon. Ed. M. Vallet de Veriville. Paris, 1859.	Cochon.
Chronique des Pays Bas de France, d’Angleterre et de Tournai, in vol. iii. of Recueil des Chroniques de Flandre. Brussels, 1856. A very brief chronicle of events.	Chronique des Pays Bas.
Histoire de Charles VI., by Jean Juvenal des Ursins. Paris, 1850. This author lived from 1388 to 1473.	Des Ursins.
Historiarum de Rebus A. Carlo Septimo Francorum Rege et suo tempore in Gallia gestis, by Thomas Basin. Ed. J. Quicherat. Paris, 1855. Basin was born in 1412. He visited England on an embassy to the Duke of York, where he also came in contact with the chief English nobles such as Suffolk, Somerset, and Talbot.	Basin.
Chronica Nobilissimorum Ducum Lotharingiae et Brabantiae ac Regum Francorum, auctore Magistro Edmundo de Dynter. Ed. by P. F. X. de Ram. Brussels, 1854-57. Dynter was private secretary to John of Brabant, and therefore a valuable authority on the history of the Jacqueline marriage.	Dynter.
Das Leben König Sigmunds von Eberhard Windeck. Uebersetzt von Dr. von Hagen. Leipzig, 1886. Windeck was Sigismund’s secretary, and accompanied him to England.	Windeck.

Later Chroniclers

The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold’s Chronicle. London, 1811. First published about 1502.	Arnold’s Chron.
The New Chronicles of England and France, by Robert Fabyan. Ed. by Henry Ellis. London, 1811. Fabyan was a Londoner, who died about 1511.	Fabyan.
The English History of Polydore Vergil, from an early translation. Ed. by Sir Henry Ellis. Camden Society, 1844. Polydore was a native of Urbino, and was born in the latter half of the fifteenth century. He came to England as a subcollector of Peter’s Pence in 1502.	Polydore Vergil.
The Pastime of People (1529), by John Rastell. Ed. by T. F. Dibdin. London, 1811.	Rastell.
Hall’s Chronicle, from Henry IV. to Henry VIII. London, 1809. Originally published in 1548. Based on documents, and especially useful for the proceedings in the Parliament of 1426. Edward Hall died in 1547.	Hall.
Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by Raphael Holinshed. London, 1808. Holinshed published his Chronicles in 1557.	Holinshed.
The History of Great Britain, by John Speed. London, 1611. Speed lived from 1550 to 1629.	Speed.
Annales, or A General Chronicle of England, begun by John Stow, and continued down to 1631 by Edmund Howes. London, 1631. Stow died in 1605 before his Chronicle was published.	Stow.

Miscellaneous Authorities

The Governance of England, by Sir John Fortescue. Ed. by C. Plummer. Oxford, 1885.	Plummer’s Fortescue.
Ægidii Columerae Romani De Regimine Principum Libri Tres. Romae, 1607. Egidius was tutor to Philip le Bel of France when he was Dauphin, for whom this treatise was written.	Ægidius, De Regimine Principum.
England and France in the Fifteenth Century, ‘The Debate between the heralds of France and England,’ attributed to Charles, Duke of Orleans. Translated by H. Pyne. London, 1870. Supposed to have been written by the Duke of Orleans while a captive in England.	Heralds’ Debate.
De Viris Illustribus, by Æneas Sylvius Piccolomineus. Strasburg, 1842. Records of certain celebrities of his time by Pope Pius II.	Æneas Sylvius, De Viris Illustribus.
De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, by John Leland. London, 1774.	Leland, Collectanea.
Antient Funerall Monuments of Great Britain and Ireland, by John Weever. London, 1767.	Weever, Ancient Funeral Monuments.
History from Marble, by T. Dingley. Camden Society, 1867.	History from Marble.
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, Fourth edition. By the Rev. E. Pratt, N.D. London.	Foxe.
Monasticon Anglicanum, by Sir William Dugdale. 6 vols. London, 1819.	Dugdale, Monasticon.
Britannia, by William Camden. Translation and additions by Richard Gough. London, 1789.	Camden’s Britannia.
Anglia Sacra, by Henry Wharton. London, 1691. A collection of biographies of the Archbishops and Bishops of the English Church.	Wharton, Anglia Sacra.
The State of the Church and Clergy, by William Wake. London, 1703.	Wake.
Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, by W. F. Hook. London, 1867.	Hook.
History of the Abbey of St. Albans, by the Rev. Peter Newcome. London, 1793-95.	Newcome.
Projet d’Assassinat de Philippe le Bon par les Anglais, par M. H. Desplanque. In Mémoires Couronnés par l’Académie Royale de Belgique. Vol. 32. Brussels, 1867.	Desplanque, Projet d’Assassinat.
Das Bundniss von Canterbury, by Jacob Caro. Gotha, 1880.	Caro, Bundniss von Canterbury.
Lives of Nottinghamshire Worthies, by Cornelius Brown. London, 1882. W. H. Stevenson’s article on Ralph, Lord Cromwell.
Statutes of the Order of the Bath, with Introductory Essay by John Anstis. London, 1725.	Anstis, Order of the Bath.
The Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. Ed. by John Anstis. London, 1724.	Anstis, Order of the Garter.
Memorials of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, by George Frederick Beltz. London, 1841.	Beltz.
Historical Tracts, by Joseph Hunter. No. 1. ‘Agincourt.’ 1850. Contains a list of the commanders and their escorts taken from an old Muster Roll.	Hunter’s Hist. Tracts.
History of the Battle of Agincourt, by Sir H. N. Nicolas. London, 1832. Contains Muster Rolls of the English Army in an Appendix.	Nicolas, Agincourt.
Chronicles of London Bridge, by an Antiquary. London, 1827. Now known to be by Richard Thompson.	Chronicles of London Bridge.
The Baronage of England, by William Dugdale. London, 1675-76.	Dugdale.
The Historic Peerage of England, by Sir H. N. Nicolas. London, 1887.	Nicolas, Peerage.
The Official Baronage of England, by James E. Doyle. London, 1886.	Doyle.
A Genealogical History of the Kings of England from 1066-1677, by Francis Sandford. In the Savoy, 1677.	Sandford, Genealogical Hist.

Books Illustrating the History of Literature

The Middle-English Translation of Palladius De Re Rustica. Ed. by Mark Liddell. Berlin, 1896.	Palladius.
Vite di Uomini Illustri del Sec. XV., scritte da Vespasiano da Bisticci. Florence, 1859. The compilation of the famous fifteenth-century Florentine bookseller.	Vespasiano.
Scriptorum Illustrium majoris Brytanniae Catalogus Auctore Joanne Baleo. Basle, 1559.	Bale.
De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, by John Leland. London, 1774.	Leland, Collectanea.
Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis, by John Leland. Oxford, 1709.	Leland, Commentarii.
Relationum Historicarum de Rebus Anglicis Joannis Pitsei Tomus Primus (all published). Paris, 1619.	Pits.
Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, by Thomas Tanner. London, 1748.	Tanner, Bibl. Brit.
Die Wiederbelebung des Classischen Alterthums, von Georg Voigt. Berlin, 1881.	Voigt.
Geschichte der Classichen Litteratur in Mittelalter, von A. H. L. Heeren. Göttingen, 1822.	Heeren.
Histoire Littéraire du Peuple Anglais, by J. J. Jusserand. Paris, 1894. London, 1895.
History of English Poetry, by Thomas Warton. Ed. by W. Carew Hazlitt. London, 1871.	Warton.
De Studiis Literariis Medislanensium, Auctore Joseph Antonio Saxio. Milan, 1729.	Sassi, De Studiis Literariis.
Historia Literario-typographica Mediolanensis, Auctore Joseph Antonio Saxio. Milan, 1745.	Sassi, Historia Literario-typographica.
Della Letteratura Veronese al cadere del Secolo XV. e Delle sue opere a stampa. Per il Conte Giovanni Battista Carlo Giuliari. Bologna, 1876.	Giuliari.
Renaissance in Italy, by John Addington Symonds. London, 1901.
Studji sulle Opere Latine del Boccaccio, by Attilio Hortis. Trieste, 1879.	Hortis.
Cent Dix Lettres grecques de François Filelfe. Translation et notes de Emile Legrand. Paris, 1892.	Cent Dix Lettres grecques.
Le Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Impériale, par Léopold Delisle. Paris, 1868.
Romania, edited by Paul Meyer and Gaston Paris, vol. xv. Paris, 1886.	Romania.
Article Les Manuscrits Français de Cambridge, by P. Meyer.
The Athenæum Journal, November 17, 1888. Article on a manuscript translation of Palladius ‘De Re Rustica’ in the Library of Earl Fitzwilliam at Wentworth-Woodhouse.	Athenæum.
A Catalogue of Editions of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, printed in the fifteenth century. By Henry W. Chandler. Privately printed (twenty-five copies). Oxford, 1868.
Early Dedications to Englishmen by Foreign Authors and Editors in Bibliographica, by W. D. Macray. Vol. i. Part III. London, 1895.	Bibliographica.
Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions. Ed. by E. A. Bond, E. Maunde Thompson, and C. J. Warner. Second Series. London, 1889-94.
The History and Antiquities of the Colleges and Halls in the University of Oxford, by Anthony Wood. Edited and translated by J. Gutch. Oxford, 1786. Fasti Oxoniensis. Appendix volume to above. Oxford, 1790.	Wood, History of the Antiquities of the University of Oxford.
Annals of the Bodleian, by W. D. Macray. Second edition. Oxford, 1890.	Macray, Annals of Bodleian.
Pietas Oxoniensis, in memory of Sir Thomas Bodley, Knight. October 1902.
A History of the University of Oxford to the year 1530, by H. C. Maxwell-Lyte. London, 1886.
Froissart. Étude Littéraire sur le 14me siècle, par M. Kervyn de Lettenhove. Paris, 1857.
The Italian Renaissance in England, by Lewis Einstein. New York, 1902.	Einstein.

Modern Histories and Biographies

	CITED AS
Lancaster and York, by Sir James Ramsay. Oxford, 1892.	Ramsay.
The Constitutional History of England, by Bishop Stubbs. Oxford, 1878.	Stubbs.
The History of England, 1377-1485, by C. Oman (vol. iv. of The Political History of England). London, 1906.
Geschichte von England, von Dr. R. Pauli. Gotha, 1858.
The History of England during the Middle Ages, by Sharon-Turner. London, 1853.	Sharon-Turner.
General History of England (to 1654), by Thomas Carte. London, 1747-55.	Carte, Hist. of Eng.
Biographical History of England, by J. Granger. London, 1775.
Henry V., by C. L. Kingsford. New York, 1894.	Kingsford.
Henry of Monmouth, by the Rev. J. Endell Tyler. London, 1838.	Tyler, Henry of Monmouth.
Jakobäa von Bayern und Ihre Zeit, von France von Löher. Nordlingen, 1869.	Löher, Jakobäa von Bayern.
A Mediæval Princess. Jacqueline, Countess of Holland. By Ruth Putnam. London, 1904.	Putnam, A Mediæval Princess.
Histoire de Charles VII., par Gaston Du Fresne de Beaucourt. Paris, 1881-91.	De Beaucort.
Le Connétable de Richemont, par E. Cosneau. Paris, 1886.
Geschichte Kaiser Sigmunds, von Joseph Aschbach. Hamburg, 1838-45.	Aschbach.
A History of the Papacy, by Bishop Creighton. London, 1897.	Creighton’s Papacy.

Monographs on Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester

Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. xxviii.

An excellent article on the life of Gloucester.

Bilder aus Alt-England, von R. Pauli. Gotha, 1860.

Contains a short popular account of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.

Serapeum, vol. vi. Leipzig, 1845. Article by E. G. Vogel, ‘Erinnerungen an einige verdientsvolle Bibliophilen des vierzehnten und funfzehnten Jahrhunderts,’ pp. 11-16.

A good short sketch of Gloucester, especially with regard to his patronage of literature.

Episodes in the career of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and his first Duchess, and their connexion with the Abbey of St. Albans, by G. R. Wright. In the Journal of the British Archæological Association. London, 1871.

Slight and incorrect.

Transactions of the St. Albans and Hertfordshire Architectural and Archæological Society, 1903-1904.

Humphrey of Gloucester, by Mrs. Maude C. Knight.

Memoirs of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (As they relate to the Story of Mr. Phillips’s Tragedy of that Name; and proper to be Bound up with it). London: Printed for Thomas Corbett, at Addison’s Head, next to the Rose Tavern, without Temple Bar; And sold by T. Payne, near Stationers’-Hall, 1723. Price 6d.

A curious little pamphlet of 32 pages, but totally devoid of historical value.

II. Manuscript Authorities

British Museum

Stowe MS., 668.

Heraldic and some other Collections, including the letters exchanged between the Dukes of Gloucester and Burgundy.

Cotton MS., Claudius, A. viii.

(1) ‘A Chronicle of King Henry v.’ The last part of a much longer chronicle, probably a continuation of the Brut.

(2) A schedule of the charges of the Monastery of St. Albans for making the tomb of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and for perpetual masses for his soul.

Cotton MS., Claudius, D. i.

Letters written by Wheathampsted, Abbot of St. Albans.

Cotton MS., Nero, D. vii.

Register of enrolments in the Fraternity of the Abbey of St. Albans.

Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii.

A London Chronicle extending from 1189 to 1432, and probably written about 1435.

Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv.

Among other items contains a London Chronicle, written in three different fifteenth-century hands, and covering the years 1414-43.

Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi.

A London Chronicle, in three different hands, and written at three different periods, covering the years 1399-1516, though up to 1440 it is almost identical with the two chronicles above.

These three chronicles all bear a strong affinity to Lond. Chron. and Gregory. (See Printed Books. Contemporary Chroniclers who wrote in England.) Since the references have been taken for the present work, all three, with the exception of the earlier part of Vitellius, A. xvi., have been printed in ‘Chronicles of London,’ ed. by C. L. Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. The references to the folios of the MSS. have been retained, as thereby the various authorities can be distinguished, and their verification does not necessitate recourse to the MSS., as Mr. Kingsford has marked the folios in the margin to the text of his edition. An excellent discussion of the dates of compilation and the relationship between these and other London Chronicles is to be found in Mr. Kingsford’s introduction.

Harleian MS., 139.

A collection of documents relating to the County of Chester.

Harleian MS., 2251.

Collection of poems, including some by Lydgate.

Harleian MS., 2256.

The Chronicle known as the Brut, continued down to the capture of Joan of Arc.

Lansdowne MS., 874.

Heraldic Notes and Drawings, by H. St. George and Nicholas Charles, Lancaster-Heralds. Dated 1610.

Lansdowne MS., 1.

Burghley Papers.

Arundel MS., 34.

‘Registrum Abbatiae S. Albani. Register of Lands, Tenements, etc.’, by John Wethampstede and Thomas Rameyge, Abbots of St. Albans.

Arundel MS., 66.

A collection of astrological and prophetical documents.

Additional MS., 34,360.

Collection of poems, including Lydgate’s ‘Epitaphium Ducis Gloucestrie.’

Additional MS., 15,664.

Topographical Collections.

Additional MS., 26,784.

Various documents.

Additional MS., 29,729.

Collection of poems, including some by Lydgate.

Additional MS., 4608.

Collection of documents relating to the reign of Henry VI.

Sloane MS., 407.

Astronomical tables and calculations of the fifteenth century.

Additional Charters, 44,531.Papal Bull.

Bodleian Library

Bodley MS., 263.

‘The Falls of Princes,’ by John Lydgate.

Bodley MS., 3618 (M. Museo, 119).

Works by Pietro del Monte and Lapo da Castiglionchio, bearing dedicatory epistles to the Duke of Gloucester.

Bodley MS., 2143 (Auct. F., v. 27).

Leonardi Bruni’s dedication to the Duke of Gloucester, prefixed to his translation of Aristotle’s ‘Politics.’

Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 813.

Collection of Songs.

Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 398.

Richard Rede’s Chronicle.

James MS., 30.

Various Collections.

Tanner MS., 196.

Monastic Collections.

Ashmole MS., 59.

Collection of Poems, including one on Jacqueline of Hainault, by Lydgate.

Ashmole MS., 784.

Notes on Churches, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 856.

Collection of Tracts and Documents, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1109.

Miscellaneous Collection, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1121.

Heraldic Collections, by Ashmole.

Ashmole MS., 1137.

Heraldic Collections, by Ashmole.

Hearne MS., Diary.

The diary of the famous antiquary and editor, Thomas Hearne, who became Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian Library in 1712.

Twyne Collectanea.

Notes by the antiquary, John Twyne.

Record Office

Patent Rolls.	Cited as Rot. Pat.
Duchy of Lancaster Records.
Chancery Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 25 Henry VI., No. 26.	Cited as Inq. P.M.
Inquisitiones Ad Quod Damnum, 20-22 Henry VI.	Cited as Inq. A.Q.D.
Ancient Correspondence, vols. xliii., xliv., lvii.
Ancient Petitions.
Roman Transcripts (Stevenson), vol. v.
Chester Roll, 1-20 Henry VI.
Minister’s Accounts, Bundle 893.
Accounts, etc., Exchequer Queen’s Remembrancer.
Miscellaneous Rolls.
Lord Treasurer’s Remembrancer Foreign Accounts.	Cited as L.T.R. Foreign Accounts.

Durham University Library

Durham MS., C. iv. 3.

A copy of Pier Candido Decembrio’s Translation of Plato’s ‘Republic,’ containing a letter addressed by the Duke of Gloucester to the Archbishop of Milan.

Biblioteca Mediceo-laurenziana, Florence

Cod. Laurentiano, Plut., lxiii. 30.

Lapo da Castiglionchio’s Translation of Plutarch’s ‘Life of Artaxerxes,’ together with a dedicatory epistle addressed to the Duke of Gloucester.

Cod. Riccardiano, 827.

A letter-book of Pier Candido Decembrio. Some of these letters have been printed in the English Historical Review, vol. xix.

In a Private Library

MS. in a Private Library.

A Latin Translation of Boccaccio’s ‘Corbaccio,’ by Antonio di Beccaria, containing a dedicatory epistle to the Duke of Gloucester.

The owner of this MS. does not wish his name to be published, but he has kindly allowed a photograph of the dedicatory epistle to be taken, and this is now in the possession of the present author.

Holkham Hall

In a MS. belonging to Lord Leicester there is contained, amongst other entries in a seventeenth-century hand, a life of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, entitled ‘The Historie of the high borne Renowned and most illustriously noble Prince Humphrie, commonly called The good Duke of Gloucester, by J. C. Philopatris.’ J. C. stands for John Cooper, and the whole compilation is a mere copying of sixteenth-century chroniclers, and has no historical value. It has been referred to in the notes more as an indication of its scope than as an authority.

Cited as Holkham MS.

N.B.—Various Manuscripts, which originally formed part of the Duke of Gloucester’s Library, are alluded to and quoted in the text. These are described in detail in Appendix A., and are therefore not enumerated here.

Footnotes:

Chapter I

1 Prutz, p. lxx.

2 See Bolingbroke’s Chamberlain’s Accounts, Prutz, 99; Expeditions of Derby, 107. William of Worcester, ii. 443, gives the date of Humphrey’s birth as 1390. Holkham MS., p. 7, ventures on the entirely imaginary date of June 3, 1393.

3 See Doyle, ii. 317, and under the title ‘Hereford.’

4 Duchy of Lancaster Accounts (Various), Bundle i. No. 6.

5 Duchy of Lancaster Accounts (Various), Bundle iv. No. 1.

6 Ibid.

7 Elmham, Vita, 5.

8 See Anstis, Order of the Bath (Observations Introductory).

9 Liberatio Pannorum in Magna Garderoba, printed in Anstis, Order of the Bath, 22. Cf. Fabyan, 565; Holinshed, iii. 3.

10 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 45. Cf. Froissart’s Chronicle, Book iv. C. 16.

11 Gregory, 102; Fabyan, 565.

12 Rot. Pat., 1 Henry IV., Part iv. m. 7; Add. MS. 15,664, f. 15.

13 Rot. Pat., 1 Henry IV., Part viii. m. 1.

14 Ibid., Part v. m. 24.

15 Lord Treasurer’s Remembrancers, Roll xi. m. 12, printed in Wylie, iv. 219.

16 Chron. Henry IV., 7, 8; Annales Henrici Quarti, 323-330; Lond. Chron., 86; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 243-245; Higden, f. 150^vo; Chronique des Pays Bas, 316-325.

17 Rot. Pat., 2 Henry IV., Part ii. m. 22.

18 See Cal. Rot. Pat., 245-249, 251, 256; Rot. Parl., iii. 670.

19 Queen’s Remem. Ward. Acct., printed in Wylie, iv. 205; Devon, Issue Roll, 294.

20 Waurin, ii. 61.

21 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 258; Gregory, 103; Elmham, Vita, 7.

22 Beltz, p. clv. Humphrey’s name occurs as a creation of Henry IV. in the list in Ashmole, Order of the Garter, 506.

23 Anstis, Order of the Garter, i. 14.

24 Beltz, p. clv.

25 Ibid.

26 Rymer, IV. i. 76.

27 Ibid., IV. i. 106; cf. Chron. Henry IV., 49.

28 Capgrave, Chron. of Eng., 292; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 274; Chron. Henry IV., 49.

29 Leland, Collectanea, vi. 300, 301.

30 Duc. Lanc. Accounts (Various), Bundle iv. No. 1.

31 Ibid.; Receiver Gen. Rec., 1 Henry IV. Holkham MS., p. 7, says that Humphrey was ‘instructed in the fundamentals of good literature’ by Sir Lewis Clifford, but there is no known authority for this statement.

32 Bale (1559 edition), 583. He does not mention it in his 1548 edition, which seems to imply that he was using some newly acquired authority, though of course implicit confidence cannot be placed in the statement. Leland, Commentarii, 422, follows Bale’s later statements.

33 Rymer, iv. ii. 14, 15.

34 Waurin, ii. 162.

35 May 7, 1413. Rot. Pat., 1 Henry V., Part iii. m. 44.

36 Such at least were the duties of the Chamberlain under Edward IV.; Ordinances of the Household, 29.

37 Rot. Pat., 1 Henry V., Part v. m. 8.

38 Ibid., Part iv. m. 4.

39 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 297.

40 Rot. Pat., 6 Henry IV., Part i. m. 25.

41 Rot. Parl., iv. 17, 443.

42 Ibid., iv. 270.

43 Ibid., iv. 17.

44 Ibid., iv. 24.

45 Basin, i. 5, 6; St. Rémy also hints this.

46 The original MS. of this treaty is preserved at Dijon. See De Beaucourt, i. 132, 133.

47 Des Ursins, 502.

48 Rymer, IV. i. 77, 79, 80; Des Ursins, 500.

49 Des Ursins, 500.

50 See St. Rémy, 586.

51 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 305; St. Rémy, 387, 388; St. Denys, v. 499.

52 Ordinances, ii. 153.

53 Memorials of London, 604, 605, document printed from the City of London Letter Book, i. f. cl. London lent Henry 10,000 marks, Rymer, IV. ii. 141.

54 Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 114; Lydgate’s poem printed in Lond. Chron., Appendix, p. 216.

55 Monstrelet, 361, 362; St. Denys, v. 501.

56 An earlier embassy to France had reported that the French were behaving treacherously (Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 301), whilst these French envoys reported on their return that Henry had never meant to come to terms (St. Denys, v. 531-533). Such distrust of each other’s intentions made an agreement impossible.

57 Monstrelet, 363; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 305; St. Denys, v. 513-525; St. Rémy, 387, 388; Redmayne, 32-37.

58 Holkham MS., p. 13, ascribes the discovery of the conspiracy to the ‘prudence and careful circumspection’ of Gloucester.

59 Edmund, Earl of March, was the grandson of Philippa, daughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III., and so had a claim to the throne of England as a descendant of that King by an elder line than Henry V., who claimed through John of Gaunt, the younger brother of Lionel, Duke of Clarence.

60 St. Rémy. 389.

61 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 306, 307.

62 Rot. Parl., iv. 65; Stowe, 346, 347.

63 Rot. Parl., iv. 66. Probably the Duke of York was made to serve in order to minimise the dynastic aspect of the plot.

64 Eng. Chron., 40. See also Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 305-307; Redmayne, 41. Certain hitherto unused matter with regard to this conspiracy is to be found in the Deputy Keeper’s Forty-third Report, 579-594.

65 Rot. Parl., iv. 64.

66 Gesta, 13; Hardyng’s Journal, 389; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 307. Cotton MS., Claudius, A. VIII. f. 2, says there were only three hundred and twenty sail.

67 Elmham, Vita, 35.

68 For discussion of probable number of army, see Ramsay, i. 200, and Kingsford, 137, note.

69 Rot. Parl., iv. 320.

70 Ordinances, iii. 9.

71 Hunter’s Tracts, i. 21, 22.

72 Printed in Nicholas’s Agincourt, 373.

73 Ordinances, v. 26.

74 Hunter’s Tracts, i. 21, 22.

75 Nicholas’s Agincourt, 333-336.

76 Hunter’s Tracts, i. 22.

77 Gesta, 13; Elmham, Vita, 36, 37.

78 Elmham, Vita, 40.

79 Gesta, 15; Hardyng’s Journal, 389.

80 So at least says St. Denys, v. 535.

81 Elmham, Vita, 37-39; Gesta, 15; Livius, 8; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 307; Hardyng’s Journal, 389.

82 Gesta, 15, 19; Hardyng’s Journal, 389; Elmham, Vita, 38, 39; St. Denys, v. 537; Delpit, Doc. Fr., 217, No. CCCXXIX.

83 Livius, 8.

84 Gesta, 16, 17.

85 Elmham, Vita, 38-41; Gesta, 20; Livius, 9; Hardyng’s Journal, 389.

86 Elmham, Vita, 42; Livius, 10.

87 Elmham, Vita, 42. Livius, 9, says that Gloucester was given control over the whole siege. He is followed by Stow, 348. This, however, is very improbable.

88 Elmham, Vita, 42.

89 Hardyng’s Journal, 389; Elmham, Vita, 43.

90 St. Denys, v. 537; Gesta, 21.

91 Gesta, 22, 24, 25; Hardyng’s Journal, 389; Livius, 10; Waurin, ii 184.

92 Gesta, 26.

93 Epist. Acad., 237. For a short account of Ægidius de Columna (Romanus), who lived from 1296 to 1316, see W. Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria (Oxford, 1743), ii. 340.

94 Cambridge University Library MS., Ee. 2. 17.

95 Gesta, 23, 24.

96 Ibid., 27.

97 Ibid., 28.

98 Gesta, 29-32; Elmham, Vita, 46, 47; Hardyng’s Journal, 390; Delpit, Doc. Fr., 217, No. CCCXXIX.

99 St. Denys, v. 542.

100 St. Rémy, 391. The two castles at the mouth of the harbour held out for two more days; Waurin, ii. 187.

101 ‘Le souverain port de toute Northmandie, et le plus prouffitable pour leur guerre mener en ce quartier’; Waurin, ii. 184.

102 Monstrelet, 367. Elmham, Vita, 44, denies the scarcity of provisions.

103 Gesta, 26, 27, 31.

104 Waurin, ii. 187; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 309. The Earls of March and Arundel and the Earl Marshal also returned home.

105 Delpit, Doc. Fr., 217, No. CCCXXIX.; Livius, 11.

106 Livius, 10.

107 Gesta, 34; St. Rémy, 391. Complaint of the Sieur de Gaucourt printed in Nicholas’s Agincourt, App. VI. p. 25.

108 Rymer, IV. ii. 147.

109 Gesta, 36, which, however, gives October 7 in another place. Hardyng gives October 1, but he is a week too early all through. Waurin, ii. 188, says the English stopped a fortnight at Harfleur.

110 So Gesta, 36; Hardyng’s Journal, 390; but Waurin, ii. 188, gives 2000 lances and 14,000 archers, an absurd estimate. See Nicholas’s Agincourt, 78, where it is concluded that Henry had between six and nine thousand men.

111 Roll of men at Agincourt printed in Nicholas’s Agincourt, 336.

112 Gesta, 36; Livius, 11, 12.

113 Waurin, ii. 188.

114 Gesta, 37; Elmham, Vita, 52: Livius, 13.

115 Gesta, 39; Hardyng’s Journal, 390; Waurin, ii. 191; Monstrelet, 371.

116 St. Rémy, 393. Cf. Waurin, ii, 191.

117 Gesta, 42. Stow, 349, attributes these stakes to the forethought of the Duke of York.

118 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 310.

119 Gesta, 43, 44; St. Rémy, 393; Waurin, ii. 193; Monstrelet, 371.

120 Livius, 14; Elmham, Vita, 54, 55; Waurin, ii. 195; Gesta, 45.

121 Monstrelet, 373; St. Rémy, 396; Elmham, Vita, 58, 59.

122 Gesta, 47; Livius, 16; St. Rémy, 396.

123 St. Rémy, 397, 399.

124 Des Ursins, 518.

125 Waurin, ii. 211; St. Rémy, 399; Gesta, 49.

126 Monstrelet, 369; St. Rémy, 395. For the letters which passed between the Duke of Burgundy and the King of France at this time, see Des Ursins, 510-518.

127 Gesta, 50; St. Rémy, 397; Redmayne, 43.

128 St. Rémy. 400.

129 Gesta, 50; Basin, i. 20.

130 St. Rémy, 398. Cf. Des Ursins, 520.

131 Des Ursins, 518.

132 Gesta, 52; St. Rémy, 400.

133 Gesta, 53; St. Rémy, 400.

134 Livius, 20; Gesta, 59.

135 Polit. Songs, ii. 125. This poem is also printed in Nicholas’s Agincourt, 281.

136 Dux incautius, Livius, 20. Indiscreet hardiness, Holkham MS., p. 14.

137 Livius, 20; Elmham, Vita, 67; Gesta, 59; Redmayne, 47. Cf. Stow, 350; Holkham MS., p. 15.
‘Hic frater Regis Humfredus nobilis est Dux
Inguine percursus; defluit ense cruor
Huic ad humum presso Rex succurrendo superstans
Fratris defensor hoc in agone fuit.’
Elmham, Liber Metricus, 121.

138 Gesta, 55; Livius, 20; Elmham, Vita, 68; St. Rémy, 401.

139 Gesta, 59.

140 Poem printed in Nicholas’s Agincourt, 323, and also at the end of Lond. Chron.

141 Holkham MS., p. 15.

142 Gesta, 58; Basin, i. 23.

143 Gesta, 58; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 313.

144 St. Rémy, 402; Lond. Chron., 102; Gesta, 59; Elmham, Vita, 71. There is a long account of the entry into London in the Gesta, 61-68, and in Lydgate’s poem printed in Lond. Chron., 231-233. CHAPTER II

145 Gesta, 59.

146 Cal. Rot. Pat., 265. Llanstephan had belonged to Henry Gwyn, killed on the French side at Agincourt.

147 November 27, 1415. The actual patent of appointment is not given, but it is referred to in a later entry. Rot. Pat., 4 Henry V., m. 22.

148 Rot. Parl., iv. 91. Bedford is mentioned as Lieutenant of England in the same document, and this definitely shows that it was of a date anterior to the King’s return.

149 December 28, Rot. Pat., 3 Henry V., Part ii. m. 16. In the reign of Henry VI. Gloucester alludes to having the reversion of Carisbrooke and the Isle of Wight, then in the hands of the Dowager-Duchess of York (Ancient Petitions, File 85, No. 4220), so no absolute grant of this was made at this time.

150 Jan. 27, Rot. Pat., 3 Henry V., Part ii. m. 12.

151 See Aschbach, passim.

152 Elmham, Vita, 74; Gesta, 76.

153 Rymer, iv. ii. 157.

154 Ibid., iv. ii. 157.

155 Ordinances, ii. 195, 196.

156 MSS. of Corporation of New Romney, Hist. MSS., Rep. v. 539.

157 Holinshed, iii. 85. Aschbach, ii. 162, accepts the story. Windeck, Sigismund’s secretary, who might have described the incident in his Life of the Emperor, did not come over at the same time as his master, but followed a few days later. See cap. 59.

158 Redmayne, 49, gives a variation of the story, placing the incident at Calais, and Warwick as the actor; but as Sigismund arrived there by land, this is manifestly impossible. Hall also gives it in yet another version.

159 Windeck, cap. 59; Des Ursins, 529, 530.

160 Lond. Chron., 103; Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 118; Gesta, 75, 76; Elmham, Liber Metricus, 133; Livius, 23; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, c. iv. f. 28^vo, gives May 4 as the day of arrival at Dover.

161 Gesta, 76.

162 Rot. Parl., iv. 95, 96.

163 Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 118; Elmham, Liber Metricus, 134.

164 Rymer, iv. ii. 135; Elmham, Vita, 87; Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 118.

165 Caro, Bundniss von Canterbury, 57; Aschbach, ii. 164.

166 A detailed account of the banquet in celebration of Sigismund’s enrolment in the Order of the Garter is given in Lond. Chron., 159.

167 Elmham, Liber Metricus, 134.

168 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. i. 688; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 583.

169 The King at first intended to lead this expedition. Memorials of London, 628; Elmham, Vita, 78, 79; Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 120; Livius, 25; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 180; Rymer, iv. ii. 168. Des Ursins, 532, says that Gloucester accompanied Bedford.

170 Windeck, cap. 60.

171 Sigismund and his followers distributed copies of the following verses among the citizens of Calais, as a tribute to their royal reception in England:
‘Vale et gaude gloriosa cum triumpho!
  O tu felix Anglia et benedicta!
Quia quasi angelica natura gloriosa,
  Laude Jhesum adorans, es jure dicta.
Hanc tibi do laudem quam recte jure mereris.’

Gesta, 93; Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 120; Elmham, Liber Metricus, 141.

172 Elmham, Vita, 77; Des Ursins, 532. Cf. Rymer, iv. ii. 17.

173 Rymer, IV. ii. 178; Elmham, Liber Metricus, 142.

174 Rymer, IV. ii. 176; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 584.

175 Gesta, 100, 101; Gregory, 114; Capgrave, De Illustrious Henricis, 120; Waurin, ii. 236; St. Rémy, 410; Monstrelet, 393.

176 Waurin, ii. 236, 237; St. Rémy, 410.

177 Monstrelet, 394, followed by Holinshed, iii. 87.

178 Monstrelet, 394; Elmham, Liber Metricus, 146.

179 Windeck, cap. 66; Capgrave, Chron., 315; Otterbourne, 278; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 317.

180 Rot. Parl., iv. 94.

181 The Sheriff was to have the indentures ready by February 14, 1417; Rymer, IV. ii. 192.

182 Ordinances, ii. 230, 231.

183 Ibid., iii. 9; Rot. Parl., iv. 320.

184 Muster Rolls of the Army, preserved in the Chapter-House at Westminster, printed in Gesta, 265. Livius, 31, gives 100 lances and 300 archers. Stowe, 353, follows Livius. 100 spears and 300 archers in Holkham MS., p. 15. Holinshed, iii. 89, gives 470 lances and 1410 archers.

185 Gesta, 111; Elmham, Vita, 96. Harleian MS., 2256, f. 181, gives Portsmouth as the place of starting.

186 Livius, 33; Gesta, 111; Monstrelet, 406.

187 Livius, 31, 32, gives a list of the retinues which amounts to 9066 men, though he ends by saying 16,000. Gesta, 190, gives 16,400. See Ramsay, i. chap, xvii., Appendix, pp. 250-252.

188 Elmham, Vita, 97.

189 Basin, i. 26. See also Waurin, ii. 242; St. Rémy, 429; Livius, 34.

190 Rot. Norm., 316, 317.

191 Delpit, Doc. Fr., p. 219, No. CCCXXXVII.; Livius, 34; Gesta, 111, 112; Stow, 353, followed by Holkham MS., p. 15.

192 Elmham, Vita, 101.

193 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 321, 322; Elmham, Vita, 99, 100.

194 St. Denys says it was besieged unsuccessfully, but there could have been no time for this. Cf. Elmham, Vita, 98.

195 Livius, 35; Gesta, 113; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 322.

196 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 322-324; Livius, 35.

197 Livius, 36.

198 Gesta, 113; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 323.

199 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 322.

200 Chronique de Normandie, 228.

201 Elmham, Vita, 104; Livius, 36.

202 Cotton MS., Claudius. A. VIII. f. 6.

203 Elmham, Vita, 105.

204 Livius, 37.

205 Livius, 38, 39; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 324; Elmham, Vita, 107-111; Gesta, 114. See also Waurin, ii. 244; Monstrelet, 426; St. Rémy, 429 and 422. On September 5 the castle agreed to surrender, if not relieved before the 19th. Delpit, Doc. Fr., pp. 220, 221, Nos. CCCXXXIX., CCCXL.

206 Rot. Norm., 164; Carte, i. 247.

207 Rot. Norm., 167; Rymer, IV. iii. 16; Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. 1. 746.

208 Elmham, Vita, 116; Livius, 40, 41.

209 Redmayne, 51; Elmham, Vita, 116; Livius, 42; Gesta, 115.

210 Redmayne, 51.

211 Livius, 43, 44; Gesta, 116.

212 Elmham, Vita, 117, 118; Livius, 42; Gesta, 116.

213 Livius, 44; Elmham, Vita, 122. Elmham says that Clarence was posted opposite the castle. Stow, 356, says that Gloucester besieged the castle, while the King besieged the town. Holkham MS., p. 16, follows Stow.

214 Livius, 44; Elmham, Vita, 122, 123; Rot. Norm., 187.

215 Livius, 45: Elmham, Vita, 123, 124; Gesta, 117.

216 Rymer, IV. iii. 23, 24; Gesta, 117; Elmham, Vita, 124, 125.

217 List of the captains of castles conquered in 1417; Appendix to Gesta, 275. Holkham MS., p. 16.

218 Livius, 46.

219 Elmham, Vita, 128. He calls the leader of this expedition the Duke of York, at the time a boy of only six years old.

220 Livius, 46.

221 Ramsay, i. 250, calls this the south side of the town. It is hardly credible that the gate on the road to Caen would be on the south side when that town lies north of Falaise.

222 Gesta, 118; Elmham, Vita, 128; Livius, 46.

223 Rot. Norm., 312; Gregory, 121.

224 Rot. Norm., 312; Elmham, Vita, 129-132; Livius, 46, 47; Gesta, 118.

225 Otterbourne, 279, says that Henry spent Christmas at Bayeux in 5 Henry V., that is, 1417, though in another place he calls it 1418. Walsingham, Hist. Angl., also calls it 1418, but his computations of years are always a little hazy, and he seems to begin the new year at Christmas. Both authors mention that it was at this time that Falaise surrendered, which makes the date 1417.

226 Rot. Norm., 308. Livius, 49, gives the date of the delivery of the castle as February 6.

227 Elmham, Vita, 133-138; Livius, 49; Gesta, 118.

228 Waurin, ii. 242.

229 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 248; Walsingham, Ipodigma Neustriæ, 486; Elmham, Vita, 139, 140; Gesta, 119, 120; Chronique de Normandie, 182; Gregory, 121.

230 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 328; Walsingham, Ipodigma Neustriæ, 486; Elmham, Vita, 139, 140; Gesta, 119, 120; Chronique de Normandie, 182; Gregory, 121.

231 Rot. Norm., 248; Rymer, IV. iii. 362.

232 Carte, i. 276.

233 Ibid., 273.

234 Ibid., 273.

235 Ibid., 274, 276.

236 See p. 64, note 271, for an estimate of his forces in this expedition. Elmham, Vita, 141, calls it a strong force.

237 Gregory, 121. He includes the Earl of March in the list, who, however, did not join the expedition till later, as he was at present in England.

238 See Commission to the Earl of Huntingdon of March 17, Rot. Norm., 381.

239 Elmham, Vita, 139, 143.

240 Gesta, 120; Elmham, Vita, 141. Both these authorities call this place ‘Cawdey,’ and are followed therein by Holkham MS., p. 16. The editor of the Gesta thinks this is a clerical error for Hambie. This town, however, was captured after Vire, and it is hardly likely that both these contemporaries would have made the same clerical error. Elmham may have copied from the Gesta, but as he was personally acquainted with Humphrey, and gives by far the fullest account of this expedition, it is probable that he wrote on good authority, if not from personal experience.

241 Rot. Norm., 289-292.

242 Elmham, Vita, 141; Gesta, 120; Livius, 50.

243 Rot. Norm., 298-300.

244 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746

245 Robsart was at St. Lo before the day of surrender. Rymer, IV. iii. 41.

246 Rot. Norm., 300-303; Rymer, IV. iii. 41.

247 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746; Rymer, IV. iii. 40.

248 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746; Rymer, IV. iii. 44.

249 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 708.

250 Rot. Norm., 381; Elmham, Vita, 144.

251 Paston Letters, i. 10.

252 This place is called ‘Noo’ in Gesta, 120, and is taken by the editor of that chronicle to be Pont Douve, now called Pont d’Ouilly. In Elmham, Vita, 142, and Livius, 50, it is called ‘Nehoo.’ Pont Douve was captured by Gloucester (Rymer, IV. iii. 44; Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746), but it is not the same place as this, which is obviously Néhou, a place situated four kilometers from St. Sauveur le Vicomte. I cannot locate Pont Douve, but should gather from the date of surrender that it was near Carentan on the Douve, for it fell on March 17, the day after Carentan. This is the date given in the Norman Rolls and in the text of the Fœdera, though in the margin Rymer calls it March 27 and is followed by Hardy in his syllabus of the Fœdera, without any reason being assigned.

253 For whole campaign see Elmham, Vita, 141, 142; Livius, 50; Gesta, 120, 121.

254 Gregory, 121, who, however, gives the number of castles as twenty-four. The higher estimate is to be found in a record of the Parlimentary Rolls in the year 1428. Rot. Parl., IV. 320.

255 Stow, 356.

256 Walsingham, Ipodigma Neustriæ, 486; Gregory, 120.

257 Livius, 51; Elmham, Vita, 148.

258 Elmham, Vita, 148, 149; Livius, 52.

259 Waurin, ii. 244; Monstrelet, 426.

260 Even at the end of the siege there was abundance of corn and wine in the city. Elmham, Vita, 163.

261 Walsingham, Ipodigma Neustriæ, 486; Gregory, 120.

262 Elmham, Vita, 148; Livius, 52.

263 Elmham, Vita, 150; Holkham MS., p. 17.

264 Elmham, Vita, 151; Livius, 52.

265 Ibid.

266 Elmham, Vita, 152, 153; Livius, 53.

267 Elmham, Vita, 153; Livius, 53.

268 They had been brought over to France by the Earl of March, Harleian MS., 2256, f. 182^vo.

269 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 693; Carte, i. 265.

270 Elmham, Vita, 153; Livius, 54.

271 When Gloucester reached the King before Rouen at the end of this campaign, he had 3000 men under his command (Chron. Norm., 241). However, he had then been reinforced by another force of some 2000 men sent over from England (see p. 67 below). Whether these last reinforcements followed him to Rouen, or whether, when their work was done, they returned to England, we cannot tell, but they were certainly over and above the numbers he commanded at this present time. If they became a definite part of his following and took part in the rest of this year’s campaign, as seems most probable, they would help to fill the gaps in Humphrey’s ranks caused later by casualties before Harfleur, which must have been severe, and by the garrison left to hold that town. Perhaps with these deductions they might have increased his force by some thousand men or more, which would compel us to conclude that before the siege of Cherbourg Humphrey had at his disposal some 2000 men. This is confirmed by taking a list of men serving under the Duke in the Côtentin. It is compiled from the statements of the chroniclers and from the official records which give the names of those who acted for Gloucester in the matter of signing terms with the various towns. The retinues are taken from the muster-roll of Henry’s army printed in the Appendix to the Gesta (pp. 265-272). The list, of course, cannot be taken as exhaustive, as many who are not mentioned may have taken part in the campaign.
Lances. Archers.
Gloucester’s own retinue captained
by—Reginald Cobham, 45 114
William Beauchamp, 45 152
The Earl of March, 93 302
The Earl of Suffolk, 31 90
Lord Grey of Codnor, 51 174
Sir Walter Hungerford, 91 276
John, Lord Clifford, 50 150
Sir Gerard Ufflete, 20 67
John de Robsart, 1 3
Total:—427 Lances and 1328 Archers.
This list includes the names of captains who appear before Cherbourg as well as earlier in the campaign. Charles de Beaumont, Marshal of Navarre, was also with Gloucester, and probably had a contingent under his command. The total number of 1755 men approximates to our 2000 estimate, whilst at the same time allowance can be made for possible contingents which, though in the field, are not mentioned. Chron. Norm., 230, tells us that at the beginning of the campaign Talbot was sent into the Côtentin with 500 or 600 men, and Gloucester went to open up the road to Rouen. This may be a mere mistake of names, and so Humphrey may have only had a small force, little in excess of his own retinue, when he started out on his expedition, though this is not likely, if the men who served under him brought their whole contingents.

272 Elmham, Vita, 154, 155; Livius, 54.

273 Elmham, Vita, 155-158; Livius, 54.

274 Rymer, iv. iii. 64; Cal. of Norm. Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746.

275 Waurin, ii. 244; Monstrelet, 426.

276 Elmham, Vita, 159; Livius, 55.

277 Elmham, Vita, 160, 161, 162; Livius, 55, 56.

278 Holkham MS., p. 17.

279 List of captains printed in Appendix to Gesta, 276.

280 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 329; John Page, 6; Elmham, Vita, 179; Gesta, 123.

281 Des Ursins, 539, 545.

282 Ibid., 540-542.

283 Delpit, Doc. Fr., 222.

284 Chronique de Normandie, 230, says that Gloucester arrived on St. Catharine’s Day (November 25), but his men were ‘arrayed’ at Rouen on November 6; Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 718. Cf. Livius, 64.

285 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746.

286 Paston Letters, 10; Gesta, 123, 124; Elmham, Vita, 180, 181; Livius, 61 John Page, 6-8; Chronique de Normandie, 238; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 185, 185^vo.

287 Elmham, Vita, 191; Livius, 64. Chronique de Normandie, 241, says that Gloucester brought with him some three thousand men.

288 John Page, 11; Cotton MS., Claudius, A. VIII. f. 8^vo; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 186.

289 John Page, 16.

290 Delpit, Doc. Fr., 224, 225.

291 Elmham, Vita, 182; Livius, 62.

292 Waurin, ii. 247; St. Rémy, 431.

293 Waurin, ii. 249.

294 John Page, 20; Waurin, ii. 253; Elmham, Vita, 192; St. Rémy, 432. St. Rémy says that Henry fired on these people, and both he and Waurin say that they were ultimately taken back into the town.

295 John Page, 16.

296 John Page, 18.

297 Waurin, ii. 257; St Rémy. 433.

298 John Page, 21.

299 John Page, 33.

300 Waurin, ii. 261.

301 Elmham, Vita, 199.

302 Harleian MS., 2256, f. 189.

303 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746.

304 Waurin, ii. 262. Livius, 68, says 300,000 crowns, which is equal to 150,000 English nobles.

305 Des Ursins, 545.

306 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746; Elmham, Vita, 205, 206.

307 Monstrelet, 450.

308 Elmham, Vita, 191.

309 Waurin, ii. 252.

310 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 739.

311 Rymer, IV. iii. 130; Elmham, Vita, 209, 210.

312 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 762; Rymer, IV. iii. 102-104.

313 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 610.

314 Rymer, IV, iii. 102. William Beauchamp was the leader of a company in Gloucester’s retinue. Stokes was much employed by the King in negotiations at this time, and is possibly the John Stoke who in 1440 became Abbot of St. Albans.

315 Rymer, IV. iii. 112.

316 There is considerable uncertainty as to when Gloucester went to besiege Ivry. Elmham (Vita, 210) says that Gloucester was sent from Vernon, but at this time Elmham was absent with Warwick (Vita, 215), and so may well have made a mistake. The Chronique de Normandie, 244, says that the siege was begun by Gloucester in March, on the Friday after the Feast of our Lady (March 25), and lasted forty days. Ivry surrendered on May 10, therefore this would mean that Gloucester began the siege on April 1, marching thither from Evreux, where the King was on that day. It is inconceivable that Gloucester would go to Vernon and then back to Ivry, which would be to make two sides of a triangle. See also Livius, 32, who puts the expedition immediately after the fall of Rouen. The fact that Gloucester promised to observe the treaty signed at Vernon April 7, does not prove that he was there. Clarence did the same, and he had gone to Mantes long before.

317 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 314.

318 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 746; Rymer, IV. iii. 52. In Rymer, though the document expressly says May 10, 1419, it is put under May 5, 1418; Elmham, Vita, 211; Livius, 72; Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 776; Carte, i. 303.

319 The Chronique de Normandie, 244, says that after taking Ivry Gloucester overran the county of Chartres with a large force. No other authority mentions this, and it seems unlikely that Gloucester would have taken the offensive in Chartres, in view of the truce which he had sworn to observe. The truce excluded the Duchy of Normandy, so that his operations before Ivry did not infringe it. See Rymer, IV. iii. 102-104. Holinshed, iii. 107, follows the Chronique de Normandie.

320 See Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII., vol. i. pp. 296, 297.

321 Elmham, Vita, 219.

322 Waurin, ii. 268, 269; Elmham, Vita, 222. Elmham takes a long time to describe in his usual florid style the maiden modesty with which Catherine received Henry’s kiss.

323 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 783; Rymer, IV. iii. 119.

324 Elmham, Vita, 219-226; Chronique de Normandie, 246; Waurin, ii. 268-270; Monstrelet, 453, 454.

325 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 41, App. I. 789.

326 Waurin, ii. 276; Elmham, Vita, 227-231; St. Rémy, 438.

327 He was still at Mantes on August 5, when he wrote to tell the Londoners of the capture of Pontoise. Delpit, Doc. Fr., p. 227, No. CCCLIII.

328 Elmham, Vita, 231, 232.

329 Elmham, Vita, 232-234; Waurin, ii. 276, 277.

330 Chronique de Normandie, 248, says November 6; Elmham, Vita, 239, says October 29; Gesta, 132, October 30. Cf. Livius, 79.

331 Chronique de Normandie, 248. Gesta, 132, puts this expedition before the siege of Meulan; Elmham, Vita, 239, puts it during the progress of the siege of Meulan; Livius, 79, puts it immediately after the Conference of Meulan; Stow, 359, follows Livius.

332 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 331; Otterbourne, 283.

333 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 331; Carte, i. 527; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 331. CHAPTER III

334 Rymer, IV. iii. 146.

335 He arrived in Rouen on his way to join Henry on April 17, 1420. Cochon, 439.

336 Rot. Parl., iv. 108.

337 An ordinance, issued at Mantes on November 13, 1419, points to the fact that deserters were becoming unpleasantly numerous. Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 355.

338 Ellis, Original Letters, 1st Series, i. 1.

339 Herald’s Debate, 61.

340 See ‘The Libel of English Policy,’ Political Songs, ii. 187-205.

341 In 1415, for instance, crown jewels were pledged to London for the loan of 10,000 marks; Rymer, IV. ii. 141.

342 Third Rep. of Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, 232, Trial of Edward, Duke of Buckingham.

343 Anstis, Order of the Garter, ii. 70.

344 Waurin, ii. 331, 332.

345 Devon, Issue Roll, 362, 363.

346 This idea is supported by the fact that in 1425 a rumour was abroad that James was going to help Gloucester in Hainault with 8000 Scotch. Dynter, iii. 465.

347 Waurin, ii. 280-294; St. Rémy, 439-442; Monstrelet, 460-465; Des Ursins, 553, 554.

348 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 337; Chastellain, 25-29; Gesta, 134, 135.

349 Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 374.

350 Gesta, 137; Elmham, Vita, 252; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 196; Chastellain, 44. Livius does not mention Gloucester as being there. Probably the chroniclers confuse Meulan and Troyes.

351 Rymer, IV. iii. 175.

352 Rymer, IV. iii. 179; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 335.

353 Rot. Parl., iv. 123.

354 Ibid., iv. 107.

355 Ibid., iv. 107, 117.

356 Stubbs, iii. 90. Ramsay, i. 228, thinks that money was asked for but refused. See Wake, 355.

357 Rot. Parl., iv. 125.

358 Ibid., iv. 124, 127, 128.

359 London Chron., 188; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 336; Elmham, Vita, 296.

360 Gesta, 148.

361 London Chron., 164, 165.

362 London Chron., 162; Gregory, 139, calls him ‘ovyr seer’; Short English Chron., 57, calls him ‘surveour’; Fabyan calls him ‘overloker’ and gives a long description of the feast, 586-588; Holinshed, iii. 125, calls him overseer.

363 London Chron., 162-165; Short English Chron., 57; Gregory, 139.

364 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 337; Waurin, ii. 344; Elmham, Vita, 300-1.

365 Elmham, Vita, 304; St. Rémy, 454; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 339.

366 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 339.

367 Rot. Parl., iv. 129.

368 See above, p. 38.

369 See Chastellain, 69. As a rule the Cods (Kabbeljan) were the citizen party, and the Hooks (those who were to catch them) consisted of nobles.

370 St. Rémy, 453.

371 For the causes of quarrel between John of Brabant and Jacqueline see Chastellain, 69.

372 Chastellain, 69; see also Monstrelet, 497.

373 According to another chronicler, this was Lewis Robsart ‘per Lodowicum Robishert voluntarie de ducta’ (Chron. Henry VI., 6). A certain ‘Lewis de Robstart’ was left by Henry as his representative with Catherine between the Convention of Troyes and his marriage (St. Rémy, 443). Also a certain ‘Lodovico Robersart’ was an executor of Henry V.’s will (Rot. Parl., iv. 172), and this man was also a supervisor of the Duke of Exeter’s will (Testamenta Vetusta, i. 210). Lewis Robsart had indented for men in the 1415 campaign (L. T. R., Foreign Accounts, 10 Henry V.). This almost looks as if Henry had helped to engineer the flight. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the chronicler quoted above mistook the Christian name, for in 1424 we shall find Sir John Robsart accompanying Gloucester and Jacqueline to St. Albans (St. Alban’s Chron., i. 8), and admitted to the confraternity of the monastery at this time (Cotton MS., Nero, D. 7, f. 147); also a Sir John Robsart was naturalised on October 20, 1423 (Rymer, IV. iv. 103). There was a John de Robsart whom we have seen serving under Gloucester in the Côtentin expedition. If this is the man who brought Jacqueline over, the inference is that Gloucester was partly responsible for her flight to England. A Sir Lewis Robsart also took part under Gloucester in the fighting before Cherbourg, so in either case the Duke’s complicity seems possible.

374 Chastellain, 70.

375 St. Rémy, 453.

376 Ordinances, ii. 241.

377 Rymer, IV. iv. 8.

378 Chastellain, 70, 71.

379 Waurin, ii. 356; Ordinances, ii. 291; Rymer, IV. iv. 34.

380 Letters discovered at Lille seem to prove that Henry not only encouraged Jacqueline to flee to England, but also favoured her marriage with Gloucester as a help towards his policy of strengthening his position in France. See Beiträge, i. 48.

381 Miss Putnam (Mediæval Princess, p. 86) suggests that Gloucester had met Jacqueline on the way home from Dordrecht. Leopold Devilliers in the preface to vol. iv. of Cartulaire, p. xxvi, says, ‘Leur liaison remontait à l’Epoque où ils s’étaient vus en France pour la première fois,’ but he does not say when this hypothetical meeting took place.

382 Rymer, IV. iv. 24, 25.

383 Rot. Parl., iv. 320. In theory three archers went to every man-at-arms, but this was often exceeded. In Henry IV.’s wars in Wales, and later in the French wars, there were often as many as four or five archers to each man-at-arms.

384 See Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 624-635.

385 Rot. Parl., iv. 320.

386 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 624; Rymer, IV. iv. 27.

387 Rymer, IV. iv. 27. Miss Putnam (Mediæval Princess, 89), following Löher (Beiträge, i. 48), says that Gloucester sailed on the day that his passport was granted—a fortnight before Henry—and that this was arranged in order to remove him from the attractions of Jacqueline. There is no evidence that Gloucester sailed before Henry. Others, e.g. the Earl of March, got their passports at this time, and it seems likely that they were given them merely because the embarkation was beginning.

388 June 10. Elmham, Vita, 308; Gesta, 153; St. Rémy, 445; Monstrelet, 503; Waurin, ii. 348; Chastellain, 79. The French chroniclers all give it as St. Barnabas Day, June 11.

389 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 340; cf. Add. MS., 4003, quoted in Ramsay, i. 295. The French chroniclers give 4000 men-at-arms and 24,000 archers; St. Rémy, 455; Chastellain, 79.

390 Chastellain, 79.

391 Monstrelet, 503.

392 Chastellain, 79.

393 Elmham, Vita, 309.

394 Delpit, Doc. Fr., p. 231, No. CCCLXIII.; Monstrelet, 504.

395 Rot. Parl., iv. 320. Gloucester’s men were arrayed on July 13. Cal. of Norman Rolls, Rep. 42, App. 427.

396 Chastellain, 80.

397 Elmham, Vita, 311.

398 Rot. Scot., ii. 228-230.

399 Elmham, Vita, 310, 311; Gesta, 153; Chastellain, 94.

400 Chastellain, 94.

401 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 635.

402 For this campaign see Elmham, Vita, 312-314; Monstrelet, 512, 513; Gesta, 153, 154; Chastellain, 95, 96; Waurin, ii. 398-400.

403 When Henry first landed in 1424 Chastellain says that Gloucester was governor of Paris. This, of course, is a mistake, for the post was at that time held by Exeter, who, however, joined the army at Mantes. It is possible that this is merely a mistake of date and that Gloucester took Exeter’s place, and if this is so, it may be that he went thither straight from the siege of Dreux, and did not take part in Henry’s campaign on the Loire. See Chastellain, 79.

404 After March 27 mention of Gloucester ceases in the French Rolls; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 44, App. 635.

405 Lond. Chron., 110; Chron. Henry VI., 1.

406 Harleian MS., 2256, f. 197.

407 Rymer, IV. iv. 50.

408 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 32.

409 Rymer, IV. iv. 66; see Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 342.

410 Ashmole MS., 1109, ff. 146, 147.

411 Gesta, 159, 160; Livius, 95; Elmham, Vita, 333; Chastellain, 112. According to Waurin, ii. 422, and Monstrelet, 530, the regency of England was given to the Duke of Exeter. Waurin also says that the regency of France was to devolve on the Duke of Burgundy, but if he refused, Bedford was to take his place, and this chronicler goes on to say that Bedford only undertook the office after Burgundy’s refusal to accept the post.

412 Gesta, 160.

413 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 344.

414 Hall, 114.

415 Ramsay, ii. 78.

416 Stubbs, iii. 94.

417 Rymer, IV. ii. 139. By this will Gloucester was left a bed and £100.

418 Testamenta Vetusta, i. 21.

419 Rymer, IV. iii. 8.

420 Rymer, IV. iii. 7. Ramsay, i. 246, while allowing that no chronicler gives any reason for the breach between Henry V. and the Bishop of Winchester, suggests that it may have been due to a possible demand of the latter for some security for the money he had lent to the former. Security had been given on July 18, but there is nothing in this to explain the Chancellor’s resignation. At any rate, if these two men could not agree as to this debt, it is obvious that they had no confidence in one another.

421 Hardyng, 391.

422 Rymer, IV. iv. 80.

423 Lords’ Reports, iii. 856; Ordinances, iii. 3.

424 Ordinances, iii. 6; Rot. Parl., iv. 169; Rymer, IV. iv. 82.

425 ‘Ad parliamentum illud finiendum et dissolvendum de assensu concilii nostri plenam commisimus potestatem.’ Ordinances, iii. 7. Stubbs thinks that it is probable that ‘de assensu concilii nostri’ alludes to the last three words, that Gloucester misconstrued the sentence, and that the Council accepted his misconstruction for their own ends (Stubbs, iii. 96, n. 3); but judging from their general attitude to Gloucester it seems more likely that the lords intended to put a check on him all along, else why introduce words which had not occurred before? It is more than possible that they wished Gloucester to accept it in the way Stubbs reads it, and at a later date to construe them to their own advantage. Gloucester’s only chance was to try to preclude this possibility. He threw his stake and lost.

426 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 345.

427 Ibid., ii. 345, 346.

428 Rymer, IV. iv. 82; Rot. Parl., iv. 170.

429 Hardyng, 390.

430 Delpit, Doc. Fr., No. CCCLXVII. p. 233.

431 Rot. Parl., iv. 171, 172.

432 Lords’ Reports, v. 192.

433 Rot. Parl., iv. 326.

434 Rot. Parl., iv. 174; Rymer, IV. iv. 83; Lords’ Reports, v. 192; Hall, 115; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 346.

435 Rot. Parl., iv. 175.

436 Rot. Parl., iv. 175; Ordinances, iii. 15, 16.

437 Rot. Parl., iv. 178.

438 Ordinances, iii. 18.

439 Ibid., iii. 16, 17, 18; Rot. Parl., iv. 176.

440 Rot. Parl., iv. 176.

441 Polydore Vergil, 2.

442 Hall, 115; Polydore Vergil, 2.

443 Monstrelet, 533.

444 Ibid., 538; Waurin, iii. 6, 7.

445 Beckington Correspondence, i. 139-143. This document has no date, but it was evidently drawn up early in the reign. Stubbs, iii. 102, puts it as probably occurring before the Parliament at Leicester in 1426, and points to the last clause for evidence that Gloucester’s Hainault expedition was alluded to. On the other hand, this may have been dictated by a presentiment of Gloucester’s intentions in Hainault, which became evident soon after the opening of the reign, if not before. Bedford probably wanted to restrain Gloucester, and Gloucester must have desired the support of his powerful brother. There is also ample evidence that Bedford was in the hands of Beaufort in 1426, certainly till after the Parliament of Leicester, and therefore would not at that time ally himself with his brother.

446 Ordinances, iii. 26, 27; Rymer, IV. iv. 86; Cal. Rot. Pat., 269.

447 Ordinances, iii. 10, 15.

448 Ibid., iii. 51.

449 Rot. Parl., iv. 174; Cal. Rot. Pat., 269.

450 Ordinances, iii. 69, 77.

451 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, p. 226.

452 Carte, ii. 250.

453 Beltz, pp. lxi, lxii. Wardrobe accounts, however, are not always reliable.

454 Rymer, IV. iv. 102; Rot. Parl., iv. 197; Cal. Rot. Pat., 270.

455 London Chron., 112 and 165.

456 Rot. Parl., iv. 200.

457 Ibid., iv. 201. Ordinances, iii. 151, where an additional paragraph decrees that any matter of dispute between any members of the Council is to be submitted to the judgment of the rest.

458 Rot. Parl., iv. 299.

459 Rymer, IV. iv. 98.

460 Chron. Henry VI., 4, 5.

461 Rymer, IV. iv. 115. It was not long before Gloucester was remonstrating with James for giving support to the French in 1424. Polydore Vergil, 11.

462 Later in the reign Gloucester complained that this marriage was an insidious attempt by Beaufort to increase the power of his house.

463 Harleian MS., 2256, f. 198; Rot. Parl., iv. 202.

464 Cotton MS., Julius, B. i. f. 68.

465 Chron. Henry VI., 6.

466 Harleian MS., 2256, f. 198^vo; Chron. Henry VI., 6.

467 Ordinances, iii. 169. March died January 19, 1425.
CHAPTER IV

468 Lond. Chron., 110; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 342; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 196^vo.

469 Ordinances, iii, 10.

470 Polydore Vergil, 5.

471 This story is told by Wagenaar, see Beiträge, 48, 49.

472 Chron. Henry VI., 6. Allusion to advice given by Italian clerics justifying the marriage is made in Jacqueline’s claim that Gloucester should be recognised as Regent of Hainault. Particularités Curieuses, 77. Martin V. also in a letter to his representatives in England alluded to the existence of an opinion, signed by many persons under seal, to the effect that in the question of divorce justice was on the side of Gloucester. Papal Letters, vii. 27.

473 A Latin chronicler in the Low Countries certainly says ‘Quibus nupciis regaliter in Anglia celebratis’ (Beiträge, 16). But this cannot stand against the unanimous silence of all other contemporary writers.

474 Cartulaire, iv. 599.

475 Ibid., iv. 318. Also Particularités Curieuses, 58.

476 Cartulaire, iv. 328.

477 Beiträge, 51.

478 Hall, 116. Stow also, wise after the event, alludes to the marriage as ‘a thing thought unreasonable’; Annales 366.

479 Rymer, IV. iv. 90.

480 Dec. 20, 1423. Rot. Parl., iv. 242; Lords’ Reports, v. 197, 198; Rymer, IV. iv. 103. Löher says that before the marriage of Bedford and Anne of Burgundy Humphrey had been a candidate for this lady’s hand (Löher, Jakobäa von Bayern, ii. 141). He is followed in this statement by Miss Putnam (A Mediæval Princess, 87), but I can find no authority for it. Probably it is a mistake arising from the fact of Bedford’s early candidature for the hand of Jacqueline.

481 St. Albans Chron., i. 4, 5.

482 Ibid., i. 66. The date given is 1423, but this is old style; cf. Cotton MS., Nero, D. vii. f. 154.

483 Waurin, iii. 24-27. The Duke of Brittany was included in this alliance.

484 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 387. This letter is here attributed to Beaufort, but merely on presumptive evidence. It is given in fuller form in the Journal des Savants, 1899, pp. 192-194. It was sent to the Council through some English prelate, probably Beaufort.

485 Beltz, p. lxii.

486 The University of Paris saw the danger too, and besides the warning letter to the English Council, referred to above, had written both to Burgundy and Gloucester, urging them to keep the peace. Journal des Savants, 1899, pp. 189 and 191, 192.

487 Cartulaire, iv. 354, 355, October 8, 1423.

488 Ibid., iv. 341, June 16, 1423.

489 Cartulaire, iv. 340, 341, 355, 356.

490 Monstrelet, 551; Waurin, iii. 84.

491 Cartulaire, iv. 368.

492 Monstrelet, 581; Waurin, iii. 89.

493 Cartulaire, iv. 380, 381. Jacqueline agreed to this on May 8, and Gloucester on May 28.

494 Ibid., iv. 373, 374.

495 Cartulaire, iv. 386-388.

496 Ibid., iv. 109.

497 Cartulaire, iv. 388, 389.

498 Ibid., iv. 384-386.

499 Ibid., iv. 391. This judgment was given on June 19, 1424.

500 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 388, 389,

501 Cartulaire, iv. 350.

502 There is no evidence that he asked for it, but he certainly was not given it, else some record of it would survive.

503 The Prior of Ely refused to lend £200; MSS. of Dean and Chapter of Ely. Hist. MSS. Rep., xii. App. IX. 395.

504 Hist. MSS. Rep., v. 546; MSS. of Corporation of New Romney.

505 St. Albans Chron., i. 8. This comes under 1426, but Jacqueline was not in England then. The editor changes it to 1425, and suggests that Jacqueline was over in England at that time. There is no ground for this suggestion.

506 Cartulaire, iv. 408 find 410; Particularités Curieuses, 71.

507 Ordinances, iii. 165; Devon, Issue Roll, 395.

508 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 397; Beckington Correspondence, i. 281.

509 Cartulaire, iv. 413; Particularités Curieuses, 73.

510 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 398. Letter of one of Gloucester’s followers to Beaufort. There were other copies of this letter addressed to other English lords.

511 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 398.

512 Monstrelet, 563; Waurin, iii. 126-128. The terms were despatched from Paris on October 28; Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 273, 274. Stevenson attributed this document to 1434 for no good reason. Owing to delays it did not reach Gloucester till November 18; Ibid., ii. 400.

513 Dynter, iii. 854, 855; Preuves de l’histoire de Bourgogne, iv. No. XLVI. p. 53; St. Rémy, 471.

514 Monstrelet, 563; Waurin, iii. 129-131.

515 Waurin, iii. 133.

516 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, i. 279-285.

517 Ibid., ii. 392, 393.

518 Desplanque, Projet d’Assassinat, Preuves, pp. 57, 59.

519 For a discussion upon these documents, see the above treatise in Mémoires couronnés par l’Académie royale de Belgique, vol. xxxii.; and also Cosneau, Richemont, 501, 502; De Beaucourt, ii. 658-660.

520 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 399.

521 Ibid., ii. 399; Cartulaire, iv. 418.

522 Cartulaire, iv. 418. A letter written to Mons telling of Gloucester’s coming. This corresponds with Eberhard Windeck’s report of 4000 men (Windeck, cap. 215, p. 162). Waurin, iii. 125, says 5000. Holkham MS., p. 8, follows Stow in saying 1200. Pierre de Fénin, p. 601, also says 1200. An entry in the Registre de Mons of November 27, 1424, says Gloucester arrived near Mons with between 4000 and 5000 men (Cartulaire, iv. 420), but he had then been joined by some of the troops belonging to the Dowager-Duchess.

523 Waurin, iii. 126; Monstrelet, 562.

524 Kymer’s ‘Dietary,’ in Liber Niger Scaccarii, App. vol. ii. pp. 551-559.

525 Cartulaire, iv. 418; Waurin, iii. 135; Monstrelet, 564.

526 Waurin, iii. 135; Monstrelet, 564; Pierre de Fénin, 601.

527 In October 1424 the Duke of Brabant had written to Mons to announce his intention of resisting Gloucester; Cartulaire, iv. 414. Resistance to Jacqueline and her husband was therefore a certainty.

528 St. Rémy, 472.

529 Cartulaire, iv. 419.

530 Chron. Henry VI., 7.

531 Cartulaire, iv. 382, 383.

532 Ibid., iv. 407.

533 See Ibid., iv. 81, 82.

534 Ibid., iv. 419.

535 Ibid., iv. 420.

536 Registre de Mons, Cartulaire, iv. 420.

537 It is possible that this ‘Jan Lorfevre’ is none other than the chronicler Jean Le Fevre Seigneur de St. Rémy, who was with the English army on the day of Agincourt, but of whom we know nothing more till he reappears in 1430 as an ambassador from Burgundy.

538 Particularités Curieuses, 76, 77; Cartulaire, iv. 423; St. Rémy, 472.

539 Cartulaire, iv. 424; Particularités Curieuses, 78.

540 Dynter, iii. 858.

541 Monstrelet, 564; Waurin, iii. 135.

542 Cartulaire, iv. 425, 426.

543 Ibid., iv. 427.

544 Ibid., iv. 428, 430, 433.

545 Hal is mentioned by Monstrelet and Waurin, and in an entry in the archives of Valenciennes as an exception to the rule that all the Hainault towns accepted Gloucester’s rule; but Hal was in Brabant and therefore was not called on to acknowledge the new governor of Hainault. See Waurin, iii. 135; Monstrelet, 564; Cartulaire, iv. 421.

546 Cartulaire, iv. 437, 438. On Jan. 9 Gloucester alludes to this grant as 80,000 pounds tournois; Cartulaire, iv. 441.

547 Chronique des Pays Bas, 387.

548 Cartulaire, iv. 428.

549 Ibid., iv. 434. For another protest on the same subject from the citizens of Mons, see Particularités Curieuses, 86.

550 Particularités Curieuses, 92.

551 Cartulaire, iv. 431.

552 Ibid., iv. 438-440.

553 Ibid., iv. 436, December 25, 1424.

554 February 4, 1425, Particularités Curieuses, 86.

555 Cartulaire, iv. 448. The letter reached Mons on February 24, 1425.

556 Ibid., iv. 446, 447.

557 Ibid., vi. 295; Papal Letters, vii. 29. Martin V. also wrote to the papal nuncios in England to the same effect; Papal Letters, vii. 27.

558 Brabant received the letter on April 29, 1425; Dynter, iii. 866, 867.

559 Letter to the Bishop of Winchester, dated January 8, 1425, in Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 416; Dynter, iii. 859.

560 Pierre de Fénin, 601; Dynter, iii. 859.

561 Letter as above, Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 410.

562 Ibid., ii. 411.

563 Monstrelet, 563, 564; St. Rémy, 471.

564 Stowe MS., 668, f. 32^vo; Waurin, iii. 136; Monstrelet, 564.

565 So Waurin, iii. 164; Monstrelet, 569. Pierre de Fénin, 602, gives 50,000 men, and Dynter, iii. 861, estimates the army at 60,000.

566 Pierre de Fénin, 601.

567 Waurin, iii. 137, 138; Monstrelet, 564; Chronique des Pays Bas, 388; Dynter, iii. 859-861.

568 Pierre de Fénin, 602; Waurin, iii. 167.

569 So Monstrelet, 569; Waurin, iii. 165. Pierre de Fénin, 602, says the siege lasted twelve days.

570 Dynter, iii. 861-863; Monstrelet, 569; Waurin, iii. 165-167; Pierre de Fénin, 602.

571 Cartulaire, iv. 451; St. Rémy, 472.

572 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 401-404. The letter is undated, but owing to its allusions to the recent invasion of Hainault, it seems to have been written at this time.

573 Dynter, iii. 864.

574 Monstrelet, 570; Waurin, iii. 170-174; Dynter, iii. 864. The English forces despatched to follow St. Pol are estimated at 6000 by St. Rémy, 472, 473, while the Chronicon Zanfleet in ‘Amplissima Collectio,’ v. 416, suggests that the only reason why St. Pol did not attack those who followed him was because some of the Brabant nobles in his army were in Gloucester’s pay.

575 Monstrelet, 570; Waurin, iii. 169, 170.

576 Stowe MS., 668, ff. 33, 34; Monstrelet, 565; Waurin, iii. 139-145; St. Rémy, 474.

577 Stowe MS., 668, ff. 34, 35^vo; Monstrelet, 566, 567; Waurin, iii. 145-152; St. Rémy, 474.

578 Stowe MS., 668, ff. 35, 36^vo; Monstrelet, 567, 568; Waurin, iii. 153-157; St. Rémy, 475, 476. The various authorities differ as to the dates of the letters. For the first letter the Stowe MS., Waurin, and Monstrelet have January 12, whilst St. Rémy has it as January 22. For the second letter the dates are Waurin and Stowe MS., March 13; Monstrelet, March 3; St. Rémy, March 12. For the third letter, Monstrelet and St. Rémy give March 16; Stowe MS. and Waurin, March 26. I am inclined to follow the Stowe MS. all through.

579 Waurin, iii. 159-163; Monstrelet, 568, 569.

580 Pierre de Fénin, 603.

581 Waurin, iii. 161-169.

582 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 390, 391.

583 Waurin, iii. 175; Pierre de Fénin, 603.

584 Particularités Curieuses, 97, 98. This demand was made on March 21.

585 Particularités Curieuses, 99. The letter reached Mons on March 29.

586 Dynter, iii. 864.

587 Ibid., iii. 865.

588 On a MS. copy of Froissart’s Chronicles—MS. français, 831, of the National Library at Paris—these words are written at the end of the text: ‘Plus leid n’y a Jaque de Baviere; la meins amée est Jaque; plus belle n’y a que my Warigny, nulle si belle que Warigny.’ The interpretation is not plain, but the inference is that Jeanne de Warigny was the object of Gloucester’s affections while he was in Hainault. This lady had married Henri de Warigny, one of Jacqueline’s esquires, in 1418, and though she was of no lineage herself, her husband came of one of the oldest families in Hainault. The MS. in which this is found once belonged to Richard, Earl of Warwick, but the writing is not in his hand. For a discussion of this matter see Kervyn de Lettenhove, Froissart, ii. 260-263, also Beiträge, 274, 275, and Putnam, A Mediæval Princess, pp. 305-309.

589 Particularités Curieuses, 90.

590 Pierre de Fénin, 603; St. Rémy, 476.

591 Waurin, iii. 175; Monstrelet, 571; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 33.

592 St. Rémy, 476; Cartulaire, iv. 549.

593 Waurin, iii. 176; Monstrelet, 571.

594 This date is established by a letter written by Gloucester to Jacqueline on his way home; Particularités Curieuses, 112.

595 Chronique des Pays Bas, 388.
CHAPTER V

596 Lond. Chron., 166.

597 Rot. Parl., iv. 462.

598 See Monstrelet, 575; St. Rémy, 476; Waurin, iii. 188. This last says that a demand for men and money made by Gloucester was refused.

599 Rot. Parl., iv. 289.

600 Ibid. iv. 267-274.

601 Ordinances, iii. 169. The date of this gift is May 22, 1425.

602 See the tone of Bedford’s letter to the Pope urging the divorce of Jacqueline from the Duke of Brabant. Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 388, 389.

603 See Ashmole MS., 59, ff. 57-60, where Lydgate voices the universal sympathy for Jacqueline, and also the action of the London women below.

604 Commonly called Lord Cobham, because both his father and grandfather had been summoned to Parliament, though he himself never was. See Nicolas, Historic Peerage, and G. E. C., Peerage, under his name. He is possibly the Reginald Cobham who commanded part of Gloucester’s retinue in 1417, and served under him in the Côtentin.

605 Monstrelet, 571; Chron. Henry VI., 7.

606 Harleian MS., 2256, f. 198^vo. Mons had already petitioned Burgundy to take Jacqueline under his protection, that is, assume control over her. Cartulaire, iv. 465.

607 Monstrelet says June 13, an obvious mistake. Cartulaire, iv. 475.

608 Monstrelet, 573: Waurin, iii. 182, 183. In a letter written to Jacqueline from Calais, on his homeward journey, he had promised her to return to Hainault speedily. See Particularités Curieuses, 112.

609 Waurin, iii. 183.

610 Monstrelet, 574; St. Rémy, 477.

611 Rot. Parl., iv. 277.

612 Ibid.

613 Monstrelet, 576, describes Burgundy’s measures, ‘tout en abstinence de sa bouche, comme en prenant peine pour lui mettre en haleine.’ See also Waurin, iii. 190; St. Rémy, 477.

614 Monstrelet, 577.

615 Besides the attempt to settle the dispute by arbitration before the campaign to Hainault which we have already mentioned, Bedford had been in constant communication with his brother, in the hope of bringing the incident to a close. See Stevenson’s Letters and Papers, Appendix to Introduction, 1. pp. lxxxii and lxxxv; Devon, Issue Roll, 390.

616 This Bull was published on May 1 at Rome; Cartulaire, iv. 296. Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 412-414, gives the date as April 24.

617 Planché, Preuves, IV. pp. lii, liii, Document No. XLVI. Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 412-414, gives the date of this decision as September 24.

618 Monstrelet, 577; St. Rémy, 477. Waurin, iii. 196, says that both dukes were angered at this decision.

619 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 407-409.

620 Monstrelet, 577; St. Rémy, 480.

621 Dynter, iii. 465.

622 Rastell, 258; Waurin, iii. 200-204; Fabyan, 595. Monstrelet, 578, gives the number of men as 500; Pierre de Fénin, 604, gives 1000; and St. Rémy, 480, estimates the expedition at 1500 men.

623 Ordinances, iii. 167. The appointment is dated February 26, 1425.

624 Beaufort himself confessed to this action of his when answering his opponent’s charges at the Parliament of Leicester; Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 74^vo, 75^vo; Hall, 131, 132.

625 Ordinances, iii. 174-177.

626 Lond. Chron., 114; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 34; Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 72.

627 Gregory, 159; Fabyan, 595.

628 Gregory gives the date as September 29, but this is obviously a mistake, for Eng. Chron., 53, and Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 83, both give October 29. It was the custom at this time to elect the Mayor on the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude (October 28), but falling as it did this year on a Sunday the ceremony was postponed till the Monday. See Chronicles of London Bridge, 235. Cf. Harleian MS., 2256, f. 198^vo.

629 Gregory, 159; Eng. Chron., 53, 54; Fabyan, 595, 596. See also Monstrelet, 578, and Chronicles of London Bridge, 235.

630 Short Eng. Chron., 59. The authorities above cited all emphasise Gloucester’s popularity in London. For this, see also Chron. Henry VI., 7.

631 October 31.

632 i.e. battle.

633 Hall, 130; Fabyan, 596; MSS. of the Duke of Sutherland, Hist. MSS. Report, v. App. p. 213. Cf. Holkham MS., p. 28.

634 Ramsay, i. 361, asserts that Gloucester was the aggressor.

635 Ramsay, i. 362, note 3. The suggestion that this was a commendable action, however, originates with the Bishop of Winchester himself. See Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 80.

636 This is stated by Ramsay, i. 362, note 1, but he gives no authority for the statement, nor can I find any.

637 Ordinances, iii. 178.

638 Gregory, 160.

639 Ordinances, iii. 179.

640 Ibid., iii. 197.

641 Ibid., iii. 210.

642 Gregory, 160; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 200; Hall, 130.

643 Fabyan, 596.

644 Lords’ Reports, iv. 863.

645 These instructions to the messengers of the Council are to be found in Ordinances, iii. 181-187. Cf. Fabyan, 596.

646 Rot. Parl., iv. 296.

647 Gregory, 160; Fabyan, 596.

648 Rot. Parl., iv. 296.

649 Ibid.

650 Ibid., iv. 297.

651 Ibid., iv. 298.

652 He had accompanied Gloucester to Hainault.

653 We find him at variance with Gloucester later. See below, pp. 230, 234.

654 He resigned the treasurership at the same time that Beaufort resigned the chancellorship, after the judgment.

655 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 72^vo-74; Arnold’s Chron., 287, 288; Hall, 130, 131; Fabyan, 597. There is a copy of these articles also in the MSS. of the Inner Temple, MS. 538, 17, f. 45^vo; Hist. MSS. Rep., xi. App. VII. p. 238.

656 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 74, 75^vo; Hall, 132.

657 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 68^vo.

658 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 76, 77^vo; Hall, 132, 133.

659 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 76.

660 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. f. 78; Hall, 133.

661 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 78-80; Hall, 132, 133. Arnold’s Chron., 288-295, also gives the whole account. Holkam MS., pp. 30-32.

662 Rot. Parl., iv. 298, 299; Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 80-86; Hall, 135, 136; Arnold’s Chron., 296-300.

663 Eng. Chron., 54.

664 Rot. Parl., iv. 299, says March 13 for Beaufort and March 18 for Bath. Ordinances, iii. 212, 213, says March 16.

665 Rot. Parl., iv. 299. March 16, Rymer, IV. iv. 119.

666 St. Alban’s Chron., i. 8, 9.

667 Chron. Henry VI., 9; Hall, 138

668 Rot. Scot., ii. 256; Rymer, IV. iv. 121.

669 St. Albans Chron., i. 11. Exeter died in the last days of 1426. After the obsequies at St. Paul’s his body was taken to Peterborough and buried there. See Harleian MS. 2256, f. 199.

670 Ordinances, iii. 327-329; Rot. Parl., v. 409, 410.

671 Ordinances, iii. 239, 240; Rot. Parl., v. 410.

672 Ordinances, iii. 240, 241.

673 Beaufort was about to accompany Bedford to France and to go on a pilgrimage. See below, p. 192.

674 Ordinances, iii. 242; Rot. Parl., v. 410, 411.

675 Ordinances, iii. 195, 196.

676 Lond. Chron., 115; Fabyan, 597; Chron. Henry VI. 9; Short, Eng. Chron., 59, 60; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 199^vo.

677 Wharton, Anglia Sacra, i. 800.

678 St. Albans Chron., i. 12, 13.

679 Ibid., i. 13.

680 Ordinances, iii. 267.

681 Paston Letters, i. 12-17; St. Albans Chron., i. 16. Aslak does not appear to have been one of the six men executed, for he is spoken of in the Paston Letters as alive after 1427.

682 St. Albans Chron., i. 16.

683 Ibid., i. 12-17.

684 Bibliothèque Nationale MS. français, 2, f. 511. See Appendix A.

685 Paston Letters, i. 24-26.

686 Cartulaire, iv. 539-541.

687 Waurin, iii. 213; Monstrelet, 584.

688 Ordinances, iii. 211. On March 16, 1426, the Pope’s nephew, Prospero de Colonna, was given permission to hold benefices in England, a concession for which Martin V. had sought Gloucester’s good offices two years earlier; Rymer IV. iv. 119. This was probably a propitiatory offering to Rome.

689 Cartulaire, iv. 579-582.

690 Cartulaire, iv. 590-593. Letter dated May 27.

691 Dynter, iii. 480; Monstrelet, 586; Waurin, iii. 223.

692 Cartulaire, iv. 598-601.

693 Ibid., iv. 601.

694 Ibid., iv. 614.

695 Rymer, IV. iv. 128.

696 Rot. Parl., iv. 139; Ordinances, iii. 271.

697 Ordinances, iii. 272-276.

698 Waurin, iii. 113, 114.

699 Pierre de Fénin, 604; Waurin, iii. 212, 213; Monstrelet, 580.

700 Cartulaire, iv. 622-624, July 11.

701 Ibid., iv. 265, July 21.

702 Cartulaire, iv. 635, 636; August.

703 Monstrelet, 580; Waurin, iii. 212, 213. It is probably to these messengers that the St. Albans Chronicle refers, when it says that about All-Saints’-Day (November 1), 1427, foreign envoys appeared before the Council, asserting that a peace between Burgundy and Jacqueline was a necessity; St. Albans Chronicle, i. 19. The names differ from those of Bedford’s embassy.

704 Cartulaire, iv. 632.

705 Ibid., iv. 638, 639.

706 Monstrelet, 580; St. Rémy, 485; Pierre de Fénin, 604, 605.

707 Cartulaire, iv. 648.

708 Ordinances, iii. 291, 292.

709 Delpit, Doc. Fr., Introduction, p. lxxv, quoting Reg. K., folio 50^vo. Cf. Guild Hall Archives.

710 ‘After Christmas and before Easter.’ Easter fell on April 20.

711 The Market ‘called the Stokkys’ was begun in 1410. Fabyan, 575.

712 St. Alban’s Chron., i. 20.

713 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 35.

714 Rymer, IV. iv. 147.

715 Æneas Sylvius, De Viris Illustribus, p. 52; Waurin, iii. 177.

716 Monstrelet, 585.

717 Eng. Chron., p. 59. This legend is copied by Robert Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy. Cf. Shakespeare and Drayton.

718 Chron. Henry VI., 7.

719 Hall, 129.

720 Monstrelet, 585.

721 Ashmole MS., 59, f. 592.

722 Rot. Parl., iv. 317.

723 Ibid., iv. 326.

724 St. Albans Chron., i. 19.

725 Rot. Parl., iv. 326.

726 Rot. Parl., iv. 326, 327.

727 Rot. Parl., iv. 335. ‘Pro defectu justicie superhabundat injuriarum et oppressionum nephanda perversitas.’

728 Rot. Parl., iv. 320, 321.

729 St. Albans Chron., i. 20.

730 Ibid., i. 20-22.

731 Rot. Parl., v. 411; Devon, Issue Roll, 407.

732 Rot. Parl., iv. 334.

733 St. Albans Chron., i. 25.

734 St. Albans Chron., i. 25.

735 Ibid., i. 26; Harleian MS., 2256, f. 200^vo.

736 St. Albans Chron., i. 31.

737 Ibid., i. 32.

738 Stubbs, iii. 108.

739 Ordinances, iii. 318; St. Albans Chron., i. 33, 34.

740 Beltz, p. lxv.

741 Ordinances, iii. 323, 324; Rymer, IV. iv. 143.

742 Ordinances, iii. 330-332.

743 Ibid., iii. 339.

744 Fabyan, 599.

745 Ordinances, iii. 322.

746 Cotton MS., Vespasian, C. xiv. f. 118, contains the original warrant. Rymer, IV. iv. 150; Cal. Rot. Pat., 275; Ordinances, iv. 14.

747 Rymer, IV. iv. 151.

748 Gregory, 168. Fabyan, 599-601, gives a detailed account of the banquet. Eng. Chron., 54; St. Albans Chron., i. 44. CHAPTER VI

749 Rot. Parl., iv. 337; Rymer, IV. iv. 151.

750 Rot. Parl., iv. 338.

751 Ibid., iv. 350.

752 8 Henry VI., c. 7; Statutes, ii. 243.

753 Rot. Parl., iv. 343, 344.

754 Ordinances, iv. 35-38; Rot. Parl., v. 416-418.

755 Rot. Parl., v. 415.

756 Ordinances, iv. 12; Devon, Issue Roll, p. 44.

757 St. Albans Chron., i. 48-50; Rot. Parl., v. 415.

758 Rymer, IV. iv. 159.

759 Ibid., IV. iv. 160. The commission was approved in Council on April 21. Ordinances, iv. 40, 41.

760 Eng. Chron., 54; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 273.

761 Ordinances, iv. 16.

762 Ibid., iv. 53, 73-75.

763 Ibid., iv. 68; see also Polydore Vergil, 46.

764 Rot. Parl., iv. 367.

765 Ordinances, iv. 79.

766 Rot. Parl., iv. 371.

767 Polydore Vergil, 45.

768 Devon, Issue Roll, 413.

769 St. Albans Chron., i. 63. The petition is printed in the Appendix to St. Albans Chron., i. 453-457.

770 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 61-63^vo; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 282, 283; Redmayne, 24, 25.

771 Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 121.

772 Eng. Chron., 54.

773 May 17.

774 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 37; St. Albans Chron., i. 63, 64; Ordinances, iv. 107; Devon, Issue Roll, 415; Ellis, Original Letters, 2nd Series, i. 104, 105; William of Worcester, 455, 456; Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 93^vo.

775 St. Albans Chron., i. 61.

776 Devon, Issue Roll, 412; Ordinances, iv. 91. Gloucester also sent one of the judges to put an end to the rebels round Kenilworth and Coventry; ibid., iv. 89.

777 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. ff. 36^vo, 37^vo.

778 Henry was crowned at Paris on December 11, 1431; Chron. Henry VI., 13.

779 Ordinances, iv. 100, 101; Rymer, IV. iv. 174, 175.

780 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 35.

781 Ordinances, iv. 101; Rymer, IV. iv. 175.

782 Ordinances, iv. 8.

783 Ibid., iv. 105.

784 Ibid., iv. 104; Devon, Issue Roll, 414, 415.

785 Devon, Issue Roll, 412.

786 Ordinances, iv. 104-106; Devon, Issue Roll, 414, 415.

787 Rot. Parl. iv. 424.

788 Chron. Henry VI., 13.

789 Chron. Henry VI., 13. The entry into London is described in a poem by Lydgate printed at the end of the London Chronicle, 235-248. A prose account is to be found in Delpit, Doc. Fr., pp. 244-248, No. CCCLXXXII., giving the date as February 20. Cf. Fabyan, 603-607.

790 Rot. Parl., v. 433.

791 Rymer, IV. iv. 176.

792 Ibid., IV. iv. 177.

793 Ordinances, iv. 112.

794 Ramsay, i. 439.

795 See Gloucester’s indictment of Cardinal Beaufort below, p. 262.

796 Rot. Parl., iv. 389.

797 Rot. Parl., iv. 390, 391.

798 Ibid., iv. 391.

799 Ibid., iv. 391.

800 Ibid., iv. 392.

801 See Ordinances, iv. 238.

802 So Stubbs, iii. 115, copied by Ramsay, i. 441.

803 Rot. Parl., iv. 392.

804 He had been dismissed for ‘certain reasons’ not specified. See Rymer, IV. iv. 177.

805 Rot. Parl., iv. 392. See also Miscellaneous Rolls, Bundle xix. No. 3.

806 Rot. Parl., iv. 396.

807 Ordinances, iv. 136-138.

808 De Beaucourt, ii. 462.

809 Ordinances, iv. 158.

810 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 290.

811 Rymer, IV. iv. 194; Gregory, 176.

812 Monstrelet, 666.

813 Ibid., 673; Lond. Chron., 120; Leland, Collectanea, i. 491; Polydore Vergil, 47.

814 Devon, Issue Roll, 425.

815 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 417, 418. This document, which is undated, is put under the year 1428 by the editor, though no reason is assigned for so doing. The fact that Beaufort is alluded to as a cardinal, and the mention of Bedford, confines the possible date of the manifesto within 1427 and 1435. This was the only occasion between these two dates that Gloucester set foot in Calais, where this document was signed.

816 Rymer, IV. iv. 194.

817 Lond. Chron., 120.

818 Cal. Rot. Pat., 277; G. E. C., Peerage, iv. 44.

819 Rot. Parl., iv. 420.

820 Ibid., iv. 420.

821 Ordinances, iv. 175.

822 Rot. Parl., iv. 420.

823 Rot. Parl., vi. 422.

824 See the evidence of a contemporary; Chron. Henry VI., 14.

825 Rot. Parl., iv. 423.

826 Rot. Parl., iv. 423.

827 Ibid., iv. 424.

828 Ordinances, iv. 186.

829 Rot. Parl., iv. 132-139.

830 See Stubbs, iii. 117, 118.

831 Rot. Parl., iv. 439.

832 Rot. Parl., iv. 424.

833 Register of Abbot Curteys, part of which is printed in Archæologia for the year 1806, vol. xv. pp. 66-71.

834 Probably April 24, the last Saturday in the month.

835 Ordinances, iv. 210, 211.

836 Ordinances, iv. 213-215.

837 Ordinances, iv. 211-213.

838 Ibid., iv. 243-247.

839 His quarrel with Gloucester never seems to have been made up, for in his will, made in 1435, the name of his brother does not once appear, and the chief executors were the Archbishop of York and Beaufort—two of Gloucester’s most determined opponents. Testamenta Vetusta, i. 242.

840 English envoys were appointed July 20, 1435; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 43, App. 306.

841 Waurin, iv. 69-84.

842 Ibid., iv. 84, 85.

843 Chron. Henry VI., 15.

844 Waurin, iv. 94, 95.

845 Ibid., iv. 96-101.

846 Ibid., iv. 97, 98.

847 Rot. Parl., iv. 481.

848 Ramsay, i. 475.

849 Beckington Correspondence, i. 209-294.

850 Rymer, IV. i. 23; Carte, ii. 285; Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 306, 307. Parliament agreed to Gloucester’s indentures for the command on October 29; Rot. Parl., iv. 483, 484.

851 ‘Libel of English Policy,’ Political Songs, ii. 157-205.

852 Ordinances, v. 5.

853 Beltz, p. ccxxiii.

854 Rymer, V. i. 36.

855 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 313.

856 Rymer, V. i. 31. Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 322, calls it 1438.

857 Rymer, V. i. 32.

858 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 134; Carte, ii. 289; Rymer, V. i. 34; Lords’ Reports, v. 234.

859 London Chron., 122, 172; Short English Chron., 62; Fabyan, 610. Gregory, 179, gives July 26, and is followed by Holkham MS., p. 37—obviously the mistake of a week. Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 53^vo, gives July 27.

860 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. xlix.

861 Brief English Chron., 63; Chron. Henry VI., 16. The Earl of Devonshire is included only in Lond. Chron., 122, but his indenture survives.

862 Ten thousand, Waurin, iv. 200; Monstrelet, 473: fifteen thousand, Basin, i. 130: forty thousand, Gregory, 179: sixty thousand, Rede’s Chron., Rawlinson MS., C. 398; Brief Latin Chron., 165: fifty thousand, William of Worcester, 458. The payments in the Issue Roll printed in Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. pp. xlix seq., give Gloucester’s retinue as 4497 men, and those of the lords who accompanied him as 4132, in all 8629 men. This approximates to the 10,000 estimate.

863 Waurin. See his Chronicle, iv. 185, 201.

864 Waurin, iv. 160. Fourteen thousand exclusive of camp-followers and two or three thousand Picards, etc., Basin, i. 126, 127. Fifty thousand men, Chron. Henry VI., 15.

865 Lond. Chron., 121.

866 Engl. Chron., 55.

867 Waurin, iv. 176-178.

868 Ibid., iv. 171.

869 Ibid., iv. 175-180; Basin, i. 128.

870 Waurin, iv. 172, 173; Monstrelet, 740.

871 Rede’s Chron., Rawlinson MS., C. 398; Brief Latin Chron., 165; Chron. Henry VI., 16; Engl. Chron., 55; Hardyng, 396.

872 Waurin, iv. 173, 174.

873 Ibid., iv. 186-188; Basin, i. 128, 129; Gregory, 179; Fabyan, 610, 611.

874 Contemporary ballad on Siege of Calais; Political Songs, ii. 156.

875 ‘The Libel of English Policy,’ written before 1437; Political Songs, ii. 170.

876 Waurin, iv. 174; Monstrelet, 738. A good account of the siege by an eye-witness is found in a poem entitled ‘The Siege of Calais,’ Political Songs, ii. 151-156.

877 Monstrelet, 738; Waurin, iv. 173.

878 Basin, i. 130; Waurin, iv. 192.

879 Monstrelet, 743, says next day to landing, i.e. August 3. Gregory, 179, and Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 53^vo, say he rested Friday, Saturday, and Sunday at Calais, and started on the Monday, i.e. the fourth day after landing. London Chron., 122, however, says that Gloucester crossed the river at Gravelines on the fourth day after coming over, which would not prevent his having left Calais on August 3, and that he only entered Flanders on August 6. William of Worcester, 458, also gives August 6 as the day of entry into Flanders. The confusion arises from the divergence of the chroniclers as to where the campaign started, and this is obvious as William of Worcester gives the campaign as lasting nine days (Gloucester was back at Guisnes on August 15), whereas others compute it at eleven or twelve days, counting in the time spent between Calais and Gravelines. Brief Latin Chron., 165; Chron. Henry VI., 16; London Chron., 122. Short Engl. Chron., 62, gives August 13 as the day of leaving Calais.

880 Short English Chron., 62.

881 Waurin, iv. 201; Short Engl. Chron., 62.

882 Monstrelet, 743.

883 Waurin, iv. 201, 202. Waurin himself marched out from Gravelines.

884 Brief Latin Chron., 165.

885 Waurin, iv. 203; Monstrelet, 743.

886 Waurin, iv. 204. He gives the day as ‘Nostre Dame de Septembre,’ i.e. the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, September 8. It is obviously a mistake for the Assumption in August. Gloucester was back in England in September; Brief Latin Chron., 165.

887 Waurin, iv. 204, 205.

888 Monstrelet, 743.

889 Ibid.

890 Waurin, iv. 205, 206; Brief Latin Chron., 165.

891 Contemporary ballad; Political Songs, ii. 156.

892 Hardyng, 396. Cf. Ramsay, i. 488.

893 See Issue Roll printed in Stevenson’s Letters and Papers, ii. p. xlix.

894 Cf. Stubbs, iii. 123.
CHAPTER VII

895 Excerpta Historica, 148-150.

896 Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 54. There is no evidence that Catherine did oppose Gloucester. She appointed him a supervisor of her will. Rot. Parl., iv. 506.

897 Chron. Henry VI., 17; Polychronicon, f. 336; cf. Stow, 377.

898 Devon, Issue Roll, 431; Ordinances, v. 15.

899 Rot. Parl., iv. 502.

900 Ibid., iv. 496-499.

901 Ordinances, v. 56.

902 Ibid., v. 80.

903 Rot. Parl., v. 438, 439: Cal. Rot. Pat., 280.

904 Rot. Scot., ii. 303. Rymer, V. i. 17, gives date as 1437.

905 There is a hint of a gift in 1435; Epist. Acad., 114. The first important gift of one hundred and twenty vols. is in 1439; Epist. Acad., 117-119.

906 Lydgate’s Prologue to The Falls of Princes.

907 Ordinances, iv. 132.

908 Cal. Rot. Pat., 280; Dugdale, ii. 199.

909 See the autograph inscription at the end of Oriel MS., xxxii.

910 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 322.

911 See the ‘Diary of Beckington’ printed in Ordinances, v. 335-407.

912 See Beaucourt, iii. 149-151.

913 This document is printed by Stevenson, and is called ‘A protest against the enlargement of Orleans’; Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 440. He copies the title and document from Ashmole MS., 856, ff. 392-405, but the title is a mistake. This is an indictment of Beaufort and the Archbishop of York, his ally, and the reasons against the release of Orleans are to be found on ff. 405-412 of the same MS. In Arnold’s Chron., pp. 279-286, where this same document is printed, the title runs more correctly ‘A complaynte made to Kynge Henry VI. by the Duke of Gloster upon the Cardinal of Winchester.’

914 Ashmole MS., 856, ff. 392-405, printed in Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 440-451; Arnold’s Chron., 279-286. The indictment must have been written in January or February 1440, as the month of March is referred to in the future.

915 Plummer’s Fortescue, p. 134.

916 Plummer’s Fortescue, notes, p. 318.

917 Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 102, says that these articles were laid to the charge of Beaufort in the Parliament which met on January 14, 1440.

918 Ashmole MS., 856, ff. 405-412: Speed, 660, printed from a copy in the chronicler’s possession; Rymer, V. i. 76, 77. Cf. Hist. MSS. Commission, App. to Report iii., 279.

919 Stubbs, iii. 126, and Ramsay, ii. 25, both regard the first manifesto by Gloucester as the one that influenced public opinion, but the opening words of the King’s reply to his uncle confute this theory. These two historians also fail to distinguish clearly between Gloucester’s two manifestoes, and imply that the second followed on the King’s indication of his policy.

920 Ashmole MS., 856 ff. 417-423; Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 451-460.

921 Paston Letters, i. 40.

922 Rymer, V. i. 97.

923 Rot. Parl., v. 311.

924 February 19, 1440; Rot. Pat., 18 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 25.

925 Ordinances, v. 138, 139.

926 Amundesham, Annales, ii. App. D. 295.

927 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 604. Cf. de Beaucourt, iii. 179, 180. When the Duke of York was appointed Captain-General in France in 1440, he was given the same powers as the Duke of Bedford used to have ‘or as my Lord of Gloucester, or shulde have had now late.’ So it seems that the plan of commissioning Gloucester to undertake the French war had gone some way.—Stevenson, Letters and Papers (William of Worcester collections), ii. [586].

928 Cal. of French Rolls, Rep. 48, App. 347. This appointment was not finally confirmed until August 28, 1442. Thomas Kyrel acted as Lieutenant of Calais in the interval, Ordinances, v. 205.

929 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. [586].

930 Eng. Chron., 56.

931 Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 249, 250.

932 St. Albans Chron., i. 50.

933 Eng. Chron., 57, gives Sunday July 25, but in 1441 Sundays fell on July 16 and 23, and the former seems the more likely day in view of subsequent dates. Moreover, the same chronicler gives July 22 as the date of Eleanor’s subsequent summons before the ecclesiastical commissioners.

934 The Eve of St. Margaret, July 19; William of Worcester, 460. Eng. Chron., 58, gives July 25.

935 Eng. Chron., 58; Chron. Henry VI., 30; Rymer, V. i. 110; Gregory 183, 184; William of Worcester, 468; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 58^vo, Political Songs, ii. 207; Stow, 381. There is considerable doubt as to who Stanley was. In the various chronicles and official documents there is mention of a Sir Thomas Stanley, a Sir John Stanley, and a John Stanley, Esquire. Probably these were two men bearing the same surname, and were both concerned in the matter.

936 Eng. Chron., 58, 59; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 59; Lond. Chron., 129; Stow, 381.

937 Lond. Chron., 129; Cotton MS., Cleopatra, C. iv. f. 59, 59^vo; Gregory, 184; William of Worcester, 460, 461; Stow, 182.

938 Lond. Chron., 129; Eng. Chron., 59, 60; William of Worcester, 461; Gregory, 184; Fabyan, 614; Stow, 581.

939 Sir Thomas Stanley was an officer of the King’s household and King of the Isle of Man (Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 102^vo). Later he played a subordinate part in the arrest of Gloucester at Bury.

940 William of Worcester, 461; Eng. Chron., 60.

941 Ellis, Letters, 2nd Series, i. 107; Lond. Chron., 130; Devon, Issue Roll, 441.

942 Rymer, V. i. 127; Devon, Issue Roll, 448.

943 Ordinances, vi. 51; Fabyan, 614; Holkham MS., p. 10.

944 Brief Notes, 154.

945 Chron. Henry VI., 31.

946 Devon, Issue Roll, 448.

947 Excerpta Historica, 278, Will of Sir John Steward. This, however, does not prove that Eleanor was confined at Calais, as the editor of this will thinks, for Steward or Stiward was one of the two gentlemen appointed to take care of her at Leeds Castle, and in her later confinement.

948 See Ellis, Letters, 2nd Series, i. 107; Devon, Issue Roll, 441.

949 Hall, 202. See also ‘Lament of the Duchess of Gloucester,’ a contemporary ballad, ‘A word for me durst no man say,’ Political Songs, ii. 206.

950 Rymer, V. i. 110.

951 Lansdowne MS., i. f. 79.

952 Sloane MS., 248. See App. A.

953 William of Worcester, 461.

954 Fabyan, 614.

955 Cotton MS., Julius, B. ii. ff. 68^vo, 75. Randolph seems to have had considerable connection with Gloucester, and to have been one of his literary followers. There still exists amongst a collection of astrological tables certain ‘Canones pro tabulis ejus (i.e. Humphrey) astronomicis secundum Fratrem Randolfe’; Sloane MS., 407, ff. 224-227.

956 Eng. Chron., 60.

957 Political Songs, ii. 205.

958 Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 813, ff. ll^vo, 12, a sixteenth-century collection of songs, but this one by internal evidence was evidently written by a contemporary.

959 Chron. Henry VI., 30.

960 See Political Songs, ii. 207.

961 See e.g. Cal. Rot. Pat., 277.

962 Ancient Correspondence, vol. lvii. No. 97.

963 Add. Charters, 44, 531.

964 Cotton MS., Nero, D. vii. f. 154 (June 25, 1431).

965 Bedford described Joan of Arc as ‘a disciple and Lyme of the Feend called the Pucelle that used fals enchantements and Sorcerie’; Rymer, IV. iv. 141.

966 Rot. Parl., iv. 118.

967 Lond. Chron., 107; Walsingham, Hist. Angl., ii. 331. See also Harleian MS., 2256, f. 193^vo.

968 Fabyan, 614; Holkham MS., p. 10.

969 Shakespeare, second part of King Henry VI., Act II. Scene iv.

970
‘But then he fell into a foul error,
Moved by his wife Eleanor Cobham,
To truste her so men thought he was to blame.’
This is how the incident struck the rhyming chronicler Hardyng, 400.

971 Ordinances, v. 199.

972 Ibid., v. 280.

973 Amundesham, Annales, ii. App. B. 289. We find him at Greenwich in the following year also (Dugdale, Monasticon, ii. 245), and again on another occasion (Beckington Correspondence, ii. 244). See also Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part i. m. 16.

974 Inquisitiones, A.Q.D. File 449, No. 1 (June 13, 1442).

975 We find Gloucester and Kemp adopting the same attitude with regard to the prosecution of the war in 1443; Ordinances, v. 224. Kemp was alienated from the Beaufort counsels by the advent of Suffolk, with whom he could not agree (see Ramsay, ii. 115).

976 Ordinances, v. 266.

977 Charter printed in Dugdale, Monasticon, ii. 244, 245. The transfer was completed, for reference is made to it in 1454; Rot. Parl., v. 253.

978 Rot. Parl., v. 56.

979 Rymer, V. i. 130.

980 Ordinances, vi. 32; cf. Rymer, V. i. 130.

981 Rymer, V. i. 112.

982 Beckington Correspondence, ii. 177-248.

983 Ibid., ii. 212-215, 244.

984 Eng. Chron., 61. The writ to Gloucester as Warden of the Cinque Ports to observe and proclaim the truce is dated January 2, 1445; Rymer, V. i. 153.

985 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, i. 123. See also Polychronicon, f. 337; Fabyan, 618; Grafton, i. 624; Holinshed, iii. 207.

986 Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 104.

987 Polychronicon, f. 337^vo; Fabyan, 617; Holinshed, iii. 207; Stow, 384; cf. Chronicles of London Bridge, 275; Carte, Hist. of England, ii. 727.

988 Rot. Parl., v. 73.

989 Polydore Vergil, 69.

990 Basin, i. 189.

991 Ægidius, De Regimine Principium, III. ii. 15.

992 Basin, i. 150, says that the subsequent events justified Gloucester’s wish to continue the war.

993 Basin, i. 150, says that Somerset’s secrecy was so great, that it is doubtful whether at the end of his campaign his intentions were known even to himself.

994 Waurin, iv. 351, 352. He says the Bishop of Salisbury was one of this party, but he probably means Moleyns, who was Dean of Salisbury.

995 For an account of this see T. Gascoigne, Loci e Libro Veritatum, edited by J. E. Thorold Rogers (Oxford, 1881), p. 190.

996 This is the fear ascribed to Gloucester’s enemies in Fabyan, 619, and Leland, Collectanea, I. ii. 494. Eng. Chron., 63, hints at some plan which the common people did not know of as yet, and which Suffolk and his party could not carry out until Gloucester should be out of the way. Basin, i. 189, also suggests that Gloucester’s known hostility to the cession of Maine had something to do with his suspicious death.

997 Mathieu de Coussy, 30; Hall, 209; Polydore Vergil, 71.

998 Chron. Henry VI., 33; Mathieu de Coussy, 30; Whethamstede, i. 179. Cf. Hardyng, 400.

999 Stevenson, Letters and Papers, i. 110, 111.

1000 Ibid., i. 116, 123.

1001 Chron. Henry VI., 33; Waurin, iv. 353.

1002 Polydore Vergil, 72; Hall, 209; Holinshed, iii. 210, 211; Holkham MS., p. 58.

1003 Eng. Chron., 62.

1004 Hist. Croyland. Contin., i. 521.

1005 Stubbs, iii. 135. Cf. Carte, Hist. of England, ii. 727.

1006 Gloucester was a member of the Fraternity.

1007 Brief Notes, 150; Richard Fox, 116.

1008 Eng. Chron., 62; Chron. Henry VI., 33; Short Eng. Chron., 65; Lond. Chron., 135.

1009 From a pardon to one of Gloucester’s servants of a later date it seems that the Duke came to Bury straight from Greenwich (Rymer, V. i. 179). Stow, 386, followed by Holkham MS., p. 59, says he came from ‘his Castle of Devizes in Wiltshire.’ Brief Notes, 150, says he came from Wales.

1010 Ramsay, ii. 73, says, ‘Gloucester made a show of resistance, a crowning act of folly, of which his adversaries made the most.’ I can find no authority to justify this statement.

1011 Chron. Henry VI., 33; Lond. Chron., 135, says ‘he mekely obeied’ when put under arrest.

1012 Brief Notes, 150.

1013 Chron. Henry VI., 33.

1014 Richard Fox, 116.

1015 Rot. Parl., v. 128.

1016 The ruins of St. Saviour’s Hospital can still be seen on the road leading from Bury to Thetford.

1017 Richard Fox, 116, 117; Eng. Chron., 62, 63; Gregory, 188; Chron. Henry VI., 33, 34; Hardyng, 400; William of Worcester, 464; Lond. Chron., 135; Brief Notes, 150; Stow, 386; Hist. Croyland. Contin., i. 521; Short Eng. Chron., 65. An entry on the verso of the last folio of Lincoln MS., 106, records the death of Gloucester. Holinshed, iii. 211.

1018 Brief Notes, 150; Fabyan, 619.

1019 Brief Notes, 150, erroneously states that he was buried here. The site of this Franciscan monastery can still be traced about half a mile outside Bury St. Edmunds on the Thetford road. Lewis, Topographical Dictionary, i. 659.

1020 Richard Fox, 117, 118.

1021 Mathieu de Coussy, 31, is the only contemporary writer to lay stress on this.
CHAPTER VIII

1022 Whethamstede, i. 179.

1023 Hardyng, 400. Another rhymer of the same period says:
‘For shame and anguishe off whiche jealousy
It toke hym sone after and soo lowe brought hym dawne
That in short while after it caused hym to dye.’

Rawlinson, MS., Classis, C. 813, f. 12^vo.

1024 Chron. Henry VI., 34.

1025 Eng. Chron., 63. Cf. Polychronicon, f. 338^vo. Short Eng. Chron., 65, says, ’And sone after he disseyed, the sykness howe God knoweth.‘

1026 Lond. Chron., 135.

1027 Waurin, v. 3. Cf. Hist. Croyland. Contin., i. 521.

1028 Mathieu de Coussy, 30; Basin, i. 190. The latter adds that a report that he died of natural causes was circulated to disarm suspicion.

1029 Rot. Parl., v. 226.

1030 Gregory, 189.

1031 It is possible that this second allusion to Gloucester’s death is the work of Gregory’s continuator.

1032 Stow’s Memoranda, 97, evidently the transcript of an original document. Cf. Stow (Annales), 390, and also a proclamation by Jack Cade at the same time. ‘It is a hevy thynge that ye good Duke of Gloucester was apeched of treason by a fals traytour alone, and so was murderyd and might never come to his answer.‘ Stow’s Memoranda, 95.

1033 ‘The Dyrge of the Commons of Kent,’ printed in Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles (Camden Series), p. 103.

1034 Gregory, 193.

1035 Political Songs, ii. 224.

1036 Eng. Chron., 88.

1037 Political Songs, ii. 268.

1038 Brief Notes, 149.

1039 He is said to have finished his chronicle in 1493.

1040 Fabyan, 619.

1041 See, for instance, Polydore Vergil, 73; Hall, 209; Leland, Collectanea, I. ii. 494; Speed, 622; Weever, Ancient Funeral Monuments, 555; Tanner, Bibl. Brit., 421; Sandford, Genealogical Hist., 309. Cf. Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 210.

1042 See Kymer’s Dietarium in Liber Niger Scaccarii, ii. 550-559. Cf. Sharon Turner, ii. 299, note 35.

1043 George Chastellain, Œuvres (ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, Bruxelles, 1865), vii. 87.

1044 Ramsay, ii. 76, giving as a reference Eng. Chron., 118 (the account of Fox), says, ‘It is more material to point out that two Chaplains and twelve gentlemen of the Household remained with Gloucester through his illness and followed him to his grave.’ The writer quoted does not say this, he merely states that these retainers followed the body to St. Albans, and it is definitely established by Cotton MS., Vitellius, A. xvi. f. 105, that all Gloucester’s servants were removed from attendance on him after his arrest. This is not contradicted by the assertion that some of them followed him to the grave after his death. It may be noticed, by the way, that the account of Fox is not quite accurate, for he places Richard Nedam among the mourners who followed the coffin, a man who was then under arrest at Winchester, and later condemned to death and reprieved.

1045 Second Part of Shakspeare’s King Henry VI., Act III. Scene ii.

1046 Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 1.

1047 Stow’s Memoranda, 95.

1048 Fabyan, 619.

1049 Waurin, v. 4; Mathieu de Coussy, 30; Basin, i. 190. Cf. Chron. Henry VI., 34.

1050 Suffolk as his share of the plunder received the title of Earl of Pembroke with some of Gloucester’s possessions in South Wales, including Pembroke, Tenby, and Kilgerran Castles; Lords’ Reports, v. 254, 255; Cal. Rot. Pat., 285. He was also created Chamberlain; Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 35. The same membrane gives his appointment as Constable of Dover and Warden of Cinque Ports in succession to Gloucester, but another membrane gives the appointment of Lord Saye de Sele to this office on the same day, which is more probably the effective gift; Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 1. Margaret’s share consisted of the Manor of Middleton and the Hundreds of Middleton and Merden, the Castle and Lordship of Colchester and the Hundred of Tendring, the Castle, Town, and Lordship of Marlborough, with the forest of Savernake and the office of Constable of Gloucester Castle. All these had belonged to Humphrey. Rymer, V. i. 170. See also Duchy of Lancaster Accounts (Various), Bundle v. No. 8.

1051 Rot. Parl., v. 132.

1052 Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 25 Henry VI., No. 26, m. 8; Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 1 and m. 35; Rymer, V. i. 170. Another grant of Gloucester’s possessions was made on February 27; Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part i. m. 5.

1053 Ellis, Letters, 2nd Series, i. 108. Gregory, 188, says 38 servants.

1054 So Rymer, V. i. 179, but Gregory, 188, says July 14 at Westminster.

1055 Rymer, V. i. 179; Cal. Rot. Pat., 290; Gregory, 188; Short Eng. Chron., 65; Leland, Collectanea, I. ii. 494.

1056 Eng. Chron., 62. Eleanor was at this time imprisoned in Wales, so the accusation may have seemed plausible at first; Brief Notes, 154.

1057 See list of prisoners in Ellis, Letters, 2nd Series, i. 108.

1058 Statutes of the Realm, ii. 344.

1059 Chron. Henry VI., 33.

1060 Mathieu de Coussy, 30.

1061 Gregory, 188; Richard Fox, 118; Short Eng. Chron., 65. For pardons see Rymer, V. i. 179, and Cal. Rot. Pat., 290, 291. Cf. Excerpta Historica, 281-390.

1062 Richard Fox, 118.

1063 Fabyan, 619.

1064 Mathieu de Coussy, 30.

1065 Polychronicon, f. 338^vo. Whethamstede, i. 182, says much the same thing.

1066 Political Songs, ii. 268. Cf. Leland, Collectanea, I. iv. 494.

1067 Rawlinson MS., Classis, C. 813, f. 126.

1068 His last recorded presence at the Council Board was in June 1443.

1069 Chron. Henry VI., 35; Waurin, iv. 353, 354; Ordinances, vi. 89.

1070 Beaucourt, iii. 10.

1071 See above, p. 262.

1072 Rot. Parl., v. 335; Whethamstede, i. 181. Cf. Speed, 667.

1073 Stow, 365, puts this event as the first sign of the breaking up of the Burgundian alliance.

1074 Shakespeare’s Second Part of King Henry IV., Act IV. Scene v.

1075 Waurin, ii. 423.

1076 Harleian MS., 139, f. 206; Rot. Pat., 5 Henry VI., Part ii. m. 16.

1077 For this state of anarchy and distress see Ramsay, ii. 51-53.

1078 Rot. Parl., v. 115.

1079 Rot. Parl., v. 448.

1080 Polydore Vergil, 72; Holinshed, iii. 211.

1081 Chron. Henry VI., 30.

1082 Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part i. m. 5 and m. 19.

1083 Hist. Croyland. Contin., i. 517.

1084 Gregory, 188.

1085 Sandford, Genealogical History, 309.

1086 Whethamstede, i. 179-181. A free translation of the Latin original. For a like opinion, cf. Rastell, 262.

1087 Political Songs, ii. 157, 205.

1088 Rot. Parl., iv. 300, 301.

1089 Accounts (Exchequer Q. R.), Bundle 515, No. 7.

1090 Ancient Correspondence, vol. lvii. No. 97.

1091 Ibid., vol. xliv. No. 40.

1092 Holkham MS., p. 27.

1093 William of Worcester, 463.

1094 Walsingham, Hist. Angl. ii. 283.

1095 Ibid., ii. 282.

1096 Cf. St. Albans Chron., i. 31, et passim.

1097 See Ashmole MSS., 1796, in the Bodleian Library, a book dealing with astrological subjects, written at St. Albans.

1098 Epist. Acad., 217. It is perhaps worth noticing that when addressing letters to Bedford and Gloucester in support of the candidature of Thomas Chace to the Bishopric of Meath, the University of Oxford dwelt at some length in the letter to Gloucester on the energy with which this man, when Chancellor of the University, had extirpated heresy, but did not allude to this favourable trait in his character to Bedford; Epist. Acad., 105. This would seem to imply that Gloucester’s orthodoxy was known to be more rigid and unbending than that of Bedford.

1099 Oriel MS., xxxii. f. 1^vo.

1100 Durham MS., C. iv. 3, f. 7.

1101 Paston Letters, i. 24; Beckington Correspondence, i. 223.

1102 Wilkins, Concilia, iii. 471.

1103 Wilkins, Concilia, iii. 472.

1104 Ibid., iii. 473.

1105 Papal Letters, vii. 36.

1106 A papal collector was released from the Tower in 1427. St. Albans Chron., i. 16, 17.

1107 Ordinances, iii. 211.

1108 May 24, 1426. See Creighton’s Papacy, ii. 158.

1109 The letters exchanged are to be found in Wilkins’s Concilia, iii. 471-486. See also Creighton’s Papacy, ii. 158, 159, and Hook’s Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, v. 91-103.

1110 See Beckington Correspondence, i. 281.

1111 See various letters in Beckington Correspondence, i. 279-284.

1112 Papal Letters, vii. 29.

1113 Beckington Correspondence, i. 284, 285.

1114 However, Wheathampsted, Gloucester’s friend, wrote to Martin V. excusing the Archbishop’s conduct, Cotton MS., Claudius, D. 1, f. 1, and 1^vo.

1115 He was evidently interested in the conciliar movement, for among his books was a volume containing records of all the doings, both public and secret, at the Council of Constance. Cotton MS., Nero, E. v.

1116 Martène and Durand, Amplissima Collectio, viii. 816, 817. Cf. Harleian MS., 826, f. 15.

1117 Add. MS., 26, 784 f. 30^vo.

1118 Beckington Correspondence, ii. 37.

1119 See Henry’s justification of the release of Orleans, Stevenson, Letters and Papers, ii. 451-460.

1120 Register Curteys, in Archæologia, xv. 70, 71.

1121 Tanner MS., 196, f. 40^vo.

1122 Amundesham, Annales, i. 308.

1123 St. Albans Chron., passim.

1124 Newcome, Hist. of the Abbey of St. Albans, 510.

1125 Amundesham, Annales, ii. 189, 190.

1126 Ibid., i. 65; Rot. Parl., v. 307.

1127 Amundesham Annales, App. A, ii. 265; App. D, ii. 295. Cf. Arundel MS. 34, ff. 66^vo, 67, and Whethamstede, i. 26.

1128 Amundesham, Annales, App. B, ii. 278-290.

1129 Charter printed in Dugdale’s Monasticon, ii. 244, 245; Whethamstede, i. 94.

1130 Cotton MS., Claudius, A. viii. f. 195. Gough, in his addition to Camden’s Britannia, i. 348, wrongly attributes the building of this tomb to Wheathampsted.

1131 Camden’s Britannia (Gough’s additions), i. 348; Grainger’s Biographical History of England, i. 121.

1132 Archæologia, viii. 104.

1133 Camden’s Britannia (Gough additions), i. 348.

1134 See App. E.

1135 Camden’s Britannia, ii. 73.

1136 Holinshed, iii. 211, 212.

1137 Hall, 212; Sandford, Genealogical Hist., 308. They follow Polydore Vergil.

1138 Holkham MS., p. 63.

1139 Fabyan, 619.

1140 Mathieu de Coussy, 30.

1141 Waurin, iii. 214.

1142 Whethamstede, i. 183.

1143 Pii Secundi Pontificis Maximi Commentarii (Rome, 1584), 414.

1144 Chron. Henry VI. A paraphrase of the original Latin.

1145 See his Dietary printed in Liber Niger Scaccarii, 552-559. Cf. Hearne MS. Diary, cxvii. ff. 136, 137, and cxvii. f. 37; Sharon Turner, ii. 299, n. 35.

1146 ‘A Ballade: Warning men to beware of Deceitful Women,’ by John Lydgate. Printed in Chaucerian and other Pieces, edited by W. W. Skeat as a supplement to The Complete Works of Chaucer.

1147 Ancient Correspondence, vol. lvii. No. 97.

1148 Chron. Henry VI., 30.

1149 Sandford, Genealogical Hist., 311; Brooke’s Catalogue of the Nobility, 170; Doyle, iii. 511.

1150 Dugdale, ii. 284.

1151 List of letters of legitimisation printed in Beaucourt, v. 331.

1152 Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archæological Society, iii. 308; Dugdale, i. 362. Dugdale quotes an old MS. in Berkeley Castle as his authority.

1153 MSS. of the Dean and Chapter of Ely, Hist. MSS. Rep., xii. App. IX. 95.

1154 MSS. of the Corporation of Hythe, Hist. MSS. Rep., iv. 435.

1155 Beckington Correspondence, i. 279.

1156 St. Albans Chron., i. 139.

1157 Amundesham, Annales, i. 308.

1158 Bibliothèque de Sainte Geneviève, MS. français, 777. Inscription on last folio.

1159 Whethamstede, i. 179.

1160 See Chapter IX.

1161 Bodley MS., 3618. f. 2.

1162 Cod. Laurentiano, Plut., lxii. 30, f. 2.

1163 Macray, Annals of the Bodleian, 4, 5.
CHAPTER IX

1164 We find payments made for covering the King’s books in velvet and satin; Rymer, IV. ii. 155.

1165 Stow, 344. He tells us that he had himself seen copies of these translations.

1166 Tyler, Henry of Monmouth, i. 394-400, where the poem is printed.

1167 Ashmole MS., 59, f. 135.

1168 Tyler, Henry of Monmouth, 331.

1169 Hoccleve’s Works, iii. 75.

1170 Ipodigma Neustriæ, 1-5.

1171 Rymer, IV. iv. 105.

1172 Voigt, ii. 254-256.

1173 Vatican Transcripts, v. 34-42, copied from Bibl. Vat. MS., 5221.

1174 Vespasiano, 547, 548. Cf. Voigt, ii. 255.

1175 Delisle, Sir Kenelm Digby, Paris, 1892, p. 11; Delisle, Cabinet des Manuscrits, i. 52, 53.

1176 Bibliothèque de Sainte Geneviève, MS. français, 777.

1177 See Bale, 583, and the testimony of several Italian humanists.

1178 Monstrelet, 265.

1179 Æn. Sylv., Opera, 548, Epistola lxiv.

1180 For this date see Voigt, ii. 256. For Poggio’s visit to England see Shepherd’s Life of Poggio, 136.

1181 Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. latin, 8537, f. 300.

1182 Archivio Lombardo, vol. x. Anno xx. p. 62.

1183 Engl. Hist. Review, xix. 519. Letter of Candidus to Gloucester.

1184 Leonardi Bruni, Epistolæ, vol. ii. lib. VIII. No. 6.

1185 Bodley MS., 2143 (Auct. F., v. 27), f. 1. The dedication is printed in Chandler Catalogue of the editions of Aristotle, 41-44.

1186 This dedication can be seen in Bodley MS., Laud. Lat., 60. No mention is made of Gloucester.

1187 Vespasiano, 437. Gloucester is mixed up with John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, by Vespasiano, who ought to have known better, as he was the latter’s friend.

1188 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 512-513. A summary of the letter is given in Bibliographia, i. 325, 326.

1189 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 55.

1190 Ibid., ff. 55^vo, 56^vo.

1191 Ibid., f. 57^vo.

1192 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 58.

1193 Voigt, ii. 259, says that Gloucester’s relations with Candido dated back from the time when he translated the Vita Henrici Quinti of Livius into Italian. As this was done in 1463, after Gloucester’s death, it cannot exactly be said to have originated his connection with the translator. See Tabulæ Codicum Palatina Vindobonensi, ii. 106.

1194 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 513, 514; Bibliographia, i. 326.

1195 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, ff. 59, 60.

1196 Ibid., f. 13^vo.

1197 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 31^vo.

1198 Durham MS., C. iv. 3, ff. 6, 7. Since securing a transcript of this letter I find that it has been printed by Dr. W. L. Newman, in Eng. Hist. Review, xx. 496-498, together with a discussion of the rest of the correspondence between Gloucester and Candido. Cf. Sassi, Historia Literaria-Typographica, p. ccc.

1199 Leonardi Bruni, Epistolæ, vol. ii. lib. VIII. No. 6, pp. 119-122.

1200 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 61^vo.

1201 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 514; Bibliographia, i. 326.

1202 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 514, 515; Bibliographia, i. 327. Two of these dedications—those to the sixth and tenth book—are in Durham MS., C. iv. 3.

1203 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 515.

1204 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 60^vo.

1205 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 525.

1206 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 515, 516. Dated March 23, 1439 (1440, New Style), in Durham MS., C. iv. 3. This is not a literal translation of the letter.

1207 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 516. Letter of Candido to Gloucester.

1208 Of these the two volumes of the two Plinies and the Varro were in Gloucester’s last gift of books to Oxford; Epist. Acad., 235, 236.

1209 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 517. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1210 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 517, 518. Letter of Candido to Gloucester.

1211 Ibid., xix. 518-520. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1212 Ibid., xix. 519. Letter of Candido to Gloucester. The same merchants had brought Bruni’s translation of the Politics to Gloucester; Leonardi Bruni, Epistolæ, vol. ii. liber VIII. No. 6.

1213 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 520. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1214 Cod. Riccardiano, 827, f. 82^vo.

1215 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 524. Letter of Candido to Gloucester.

1216 Ibid., xix. 519. Letter of Candido to Gloucester.

1217 Probably the third-century grammarian, Censorius, who wrote a still extant work, De Die Natali, is here meant.

1218 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 524. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1219 Ibid., xix. 522. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1220 Sassi, Historia Literaria-Typographia, 293. Letter of Candido to Nicomedus Tranchedinus.

1221 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 523. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1222 Ibid., xix. 523. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1223 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 524. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1224 Ibid., xix. 522, 523. Letter of Gloucester to Candido.

1225 Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 520-522. Letter of Candido to Gloucester.

1226 Archivio Lombardo, vol. x. Anno xx. p. 432. Letter of Candido to the governor of Milan.

1227 Ibid., vol. x. Anno xx. p. 66; Eng. Hist. Review, xix. 523, 524.

1228 Agostini, Scrittori Veneziani, i. 346-372; Voigt, ii. 259.

1229 Voigt, ii. 39.

1230 Bodley MS., 3618 (E. Museo, 119), f. 1.

1231 Bodley MS., 3618 (E. Museo, 119), f. 2.

1232 Eng. Hist. Review, x. 100, 101. Letter of Piero del Monte to Gloucester.

1233 Cent Dix Lettres Grecques, 25-28; Voigt, ii. 37, 176, 177.

1234 Cod. Laurentiano, Plut., lxiii. 30, f. 1^vo. Cf. Cent Dix Lettres Grecques, 25.

1235 This is undoubtedly ‘Besia’ in the MS. I cannot suggest an interpretation.

1236 Bodley MS., 3618 (E. Museo, 119), ff. 116-118.

1237 Cod. Laurentiano, Plut., lxiii. 30, ff. 1^vo., 2^vo.

1238 Magdalen MS., 37, ff. 1, 2.

1239 I presume from the way this man is alluded to without comment or explanation that he had come from Alfonso, or at least that through him the two friends had become acquainted by letter.

1240 Eng. Hist. Review, x. 102, 103. Letter of Gloucester to Alfonso V. of Aragon.

1241 This MS. is said to be now in the library of Holkham Hall. See Roscoe, Life of Lorenzo de Medici (London, 1846), 64, 485.

1242 Æn. Sylv., Opera, 602, Epist. cv.

1243 Beckington Correspondence, i. 223, et passim.

1244 Rot. Parl., iv. 314.

1245 See Giuliani, Della Letteratura Veronese, 66; Warton, iii. 51; Voigt, ii. 258.

1246 Royal MS., 5, F. ii.

1247 ‘Postquam, serenissime princeps, ex peregrinatione mea redii, quam in visendo hac tua clarissima patria suscipam, etc.’ Royal MS., 5, F. ii. f. 92.

1248 King’s College, Cambridge, MS., 27, f. 3.

1249 MS. in a private library, f. 1^vo.

1250 MS. in a private library, ff. 1, 2.

1251 Titi Livii Forojuliensis Vita Henrici Quinti, ed. Th. Hearne, Oxon., 1716.

1252 Rymer, V. i. 37.

1253 Einstein, 4.

1254 Warton, iii. 51.

1255 Livius, 2.

1256 Ibid.

1257 Rymer, V. i. 37.

1258 Voigt, ii. 258.

1259 Archivio Lombardo, vol. x. Anno. xx. p. 428. Letter of Livius to P. C. Decembrio.

1260 Epist. Acad., 256.

1261 Ibid., 177.

1262 Ibid., 116.

1263 Ibid., 256. Kymer had been Chancellor formerly for two years (1431-1433); on this occasion he did not resign till 1453. Anthony Wood, History of Oxford, App. 44, 51.

1264 Rot. Parl., iv. 473. A certain ‘John Swanwych,’ who is described as a ‘Clerk’ of Gloucester, was also a Bachelor of Physick. Rymer, IV. iv. 84.
CHAPTER X

1265 Admundesham, Annales, ii. 233, and Introduction to vol ii. p. liv.

1266 Bale (1559 edition), 584.

1267 Wheathampsted spent much money on other improvements to the monastery as well. Dugdale, Monasticon, 199, 200.

1268 Bodley MS., F. infra, i. 1. Inscription.

1269 Arundel MS., 34, f. 666.

1270 Epist. Acad., 237.

1271 Amundesham, Annales, ii. App. A. 256.

1272 Epist. Acad., 235. These two parts of his Granarium which Wheathampsted gave to Humphrey were at one time amongst the books of Thomas Allen of Gloucester Hall. Twyne, Collectanea, in the Oxford University Archives, vol. xviii. p. 123.

1273 Arundel MS., 34, f. 67.

1274 See Early English Text Society’s edition, 1893.

1275 Bale, 582; Leland, Commentarii, 453.

1276 Oriel MS., xxxii. f. 1^vo. This dedication is printed in Appendix IV. to Capgrave’s De Illustribus Henricis, pp. 239-301.

1277 Oriel MS., xxxii. f. 1^vo.

1278 Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 109.

1279 Bale, 583; Pits, 672.

1280 Nicolaus Uptonus, De Studio Militari (London, 1654), p. 2.

1281 History from Marble, i, pp. 79 and clxviii.

1282 Ordinances, iv, 345.

1283 Ibid., iii. 99.

1284 Rot. Pat., 25 Henry VI., Part i. m. 16.

1285 Beckington Correspondence, ii. 255.

1286 Beckington Correspondence, passim.

1287 Foxe, Acts and Monuments, iii. 731.

1288 Ramsay, ii. 203. No authority is given for the statement.

1289 See Political Songs, passim. Cf. Stow, 385.

1290 Harleian MS., 2251, ff. 279^vo-282^vo; Additional MS., 29, 729, ff. 157^vo-161.

1291 Ashmole MS., 59, ff. 57-59.

1292 Harleian MS., 2251, ff. 7-8^vo; Additional MS., 34, 360, ff. 65^vo-67^vo.

1293 Caxton’s edition of the Falls of Princes (1494). Cf. MS. 23 of the Library of the Earl of Jersey at Osterley Park, Hist. MSS. Report, viii. Part i. p. 100.

1294 Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. français, 12,421.

1295 On this point see Hortis, 646.

1296 Minor Poems of Lydgate, Percy Society Publications (London, 1840), ii. 49-51.

1297 Bodley MS., 263, ff. 5, 6.

1298 The poem is printed in F. J. Furnivall’s Manners and Meals in Olden Times (Early English Text Society, 1868), pp. 115-198.

1299 Letters of Queen Margaret, edited by Cecil Monro (Camden Society, 1863), p. 114.

1300 Amundesham, Annales, ii. Appendix D, p. 295.

1301 Cotton MS., Claudius, D. I, f. 8^vo; Letter of Wheathampsted to Norton.

1302 See Warton, iii. 131.

1302 Bodley MS., Arch. F. d. 1. A photographic reproduction of a MS. once in the possession of Earl Fitzwilliam at Wentworth-Woodhouse, but now denied to be there. It has been published by A. S. Napier.

1304 Palladius, p. 66.

1305 Ibid., p. 85.

1306 Palladius, p. 22.

1307 Ibid., pp. 21, 22.

1308 Bodley MS., Arch. F. d. 1, f. 12; Palladius, p. 22.

1309 Palladius, p. 21. Cf. St. Albans Chron., i. 12-17.

1310 Epist. Acad., 103.

1311 Epist. Acad., 198-241.

1312 Munimenta Acad., 266.

1313 Ibid., 277-279.

1314 Epist. Acad., 152.

1315 Ibid., 106.

1316 Ibid., 201-211.

1317 Ibid., 645.

1318 Munimenta Acad., 333-335; Epist. Acad., 266.

1319 Epist. Acad., 61.

1320 Ibid., 77-79.

1321 Beckington Correspondence, ii. 256-258.

1322 Epist. Acad., 162-168.

1323 Ibid., 61, 62.

1324 Epist. Acad., 64, 65.

1325 Ibid., 105, 196.

1326 Ibid., 152.

1327 Ibid., 35-37.

1328 Beckington Correspondence, ii. 249, 250; Epist. Acad., 110.

1329 Epist. Acad., 115-133.

1330 Ibid., 134, 135.

1331 Ibid., 136.

1332 Epist. Acad., 155-157.

1333 Ibid., 139, 140. It was also through Gloucester’s influence that Bedford was induced to promise to endow his lectureships; Ibid., 81-83, 95.

1334 Ibid., 152, 153.

1335 Munimenta Acad., 266, 267.

1336 Epist. Acad., 114, 115.

1337 The numbers are variously stated in different letters as 120, 126, and 129. This last corresponds with the number of books in the indenture; Ibid., 179-183.

1338 Ibid., 177-179, 184.

1339 Ibid., 177-179. This was not the first time that Gloucester had been likened to Julius Cæsar.

1340 Epist. Acad., 184.

1341 Munimenta Acad., 758; Epist. Acad., 179.

1342 Epist. Acad., 198, 204, 205.

1343 Ibid., 232-237. The indenture mentions one hundred and thirty-five volumes as the total, but only one hundred and thirty-four are given in the list.

1344 Ibid., passim.

1345 Additional MS., 4608, f. 100, 100^vo.

1346 By counting the same items more than once Anthony Wood brings the total to five hundred and thirty-nine; Wood, History of the Antiquities of the University of Oxford, 914, 915.

1347 Munimenta Acad., 261-266.

1348 Ibid., 326-328; Epist. Acad., 188-191.

1349 Epist. Acad., 245.

1350 Epist. Acad., 245, 246.

1351 Ibid., 533.

1352 It has been stated that these books were ultimately obtained, but there is no reason to believe this, though ten years later thirteen volumes, originally bequeathed by some one, were recovered; Epist. Acad., 483. Cf. Wood, History of the Antiquities of the University of Oxford, 915. In 1453 we hear that all the volumes of this bequest were scattered in private hands; Epist. Acad., 318, 319.

1353 Epist. Acad., 254.

1354 Munimenta Acad., 735.

1355 Munimenta Acad., 376.

1356 Ibid., 329, 330; Epist. Acad., 256.

1357 Epist. Acad., 241.

1358 Ibid., 178.

1359 Ibid., 198.

1360 See Macray, Annals of Bodleian, 13.

1361 On 1st March 1544 a certain John Stanshawe, gentleman, stole from the church of St. Mary ‘unam Zonam de argent. aurat. voc. le Duke Humfrey’s gyrdyll.’ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. (London, 1905), vol. xx. Part 1. p. 655.

1362 Epist. Acad., 373. Letter of the University of Oxford to Wheathampsted.

1363 Leland, Collectanea, iii. 58; Hearne, MS. Diary, xxxvi. f. 199. It is probable that this motto was used by Gilbert Kymer. It is found stamped on the binding of a medical work written for him and now preserved in the Bodleian Library (Laud MS., 558). Another binding which encloses another medical treatise written by the same scribe, and presumably also for Kymer, now in the Merton College Library, bears the same legend. (Merton College MS., 268.) My attention has been drawn to this by Mr. Gibson of the Bodleian Library.

1364 The books alluded to are to be found in the indentures printed in Epist. Acad., passim.

1365 Leland, Commentarii, 453.

1366 Livius, 2.

1367 Basin, i. 189.

1368 Capgrave, De Illustribus Henricis, 109.

1369 Lincoln MS., 106, f. 359^vo.

1370 See Appendix A.

1371 Bibliothèque de Ste. Geneviève, MS. français, 777.

1372 Cambridge University Library, MS. Ee. 2, 17.

1373 See letters in Beckington Correspondence, i. 283, 284, 290-293.

1374 Epist. Acad., 246.

1375 The book borrowed from Oxford was a copy of the Phædrus of Plato. In the Epistolæ Academicæ this volume is called the ‘Phædo,’ but a reference to the entry in the Register shows it to be a misprint for the Phædrus, a mistake first discovered by Mr. Gibson of the Bodleian Library.

1376 Cambridge University Library, MS. Ee. 2, 17.

1377 Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. français, 12,583.

1378 Cotton MS., Nero, E. v.

1379 Royal MS., 19, C. iv.

1380 Oriel College MS., xxxii.

1381 Harleian MS., 33; King’s College MS., 27.

1382 Egerton MS., 617, 618; Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. français, 2.

1383 For a description of these volumes see Appendix A.

1384 Leland tells us that Gloucester received many beautiful illuminated books as presents from religious houses. Collectanea, iii. 58.

1385 Hist. MSS. Rep., v. 517, and xi. 174.

1386 Oriel College MS., xxxii.

1387 Corpus Christi College MS., ccxliii.

1388 Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. latin, 8537.

1389 Bodley MS., Hatton, 36.

1390 Bibliothèque de Ste. Geneviève, MS. français, 777.

1391 Bibliothèque Nationale MS., français, 12,421.

1392 Cambridge University Library, MS. Ee. 2, 17.

1393 Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. français, 2.

1394 Bale (1559 ed.), 583.

1395 Arundel MS. 60, ff. 277^vo-287^vo. Cf. Tanner, Bib. Brit., 420, 421.

1396 Einstein, 15.

1397 See Vespasiano, 238; and Sir Arthur Collins’s Collections for the Family of Holles (1752), 52, 53.

1398 Leland, Commentarii, 462.

1399 Above, p. 351.

1400 Hearne’s Introduction to Peter Langtoft’s Chronicle (Oxford, 1725), p. xx.