Appendix H
Letter from Thomas Duke of Gloucester and Constable of England to King Richard II concerning the Manner of conducting Judicial Duels.
In firste the quarelis and the billis of the appellaunt and of the defendaunt schal be pletid in the courte.before the constable and marchall. And when they may not prove ther cause by witnesse.nor bi non other manner but detrmine ther quarell bi strengthe.the ton for to prove his entent up on the tother. And the tother in the same manner for to defende him. The constable hath power for to ioyne that batayle as vecarie genrall undir god ＆ the kynge and the bataile conioynt by the Constable.he schal assigne them day and place.so that the day be not within xl.dayes after the saide batell soo conioynt.but yf it be bi the consentinge of the seyde appellaunt and defendaunt. Than he schall awarde them.poyntes of armes.other wise callid wepenes.ayther of them schal have.that is to say.longe swerde schorte swerde and dagger.so that the appellant and defendaunt.fynde sufficianunt surete ＆ plegges that echou of them schal come at his seyde day.the appellaunt for to doo his power up on the defendaunt.and the defendaunt in his defence up on the appellaunt. And this to be done.schall be gevyn un to the appellaunt hour terme and soon.for to make his preve and der (sic) and for to bethe firste within the listes. for to quite his plegges. And of the same wise of the defendaunt. And noon of hem schall do hevinesse.ille harme awaite assaute.nor non other grevaunce.nor ennye bi them nor bi non of ther frendes welwillinge.nor bi non other who soo ever it be. The kynge schal fynde the felde.for to feght in. And the (f. 125b) listes schal be made and devisid by the constable. And it is to be considerid that the listes schal be.lx.pases of lengthe and xl.paces of brede in good manner.and that the erthe be ferme stable and harde.and even made, without grete stones and that the erthe be plat.and that the listes be strongli barred rounde aboute and a gate in the este and a nother in the weste with good and stronge barrers of vij.foote of heyght or more. And it is to wite that ther schulde be faux listes withouten the principal listes betwene the whiche the men of the constable and the marchall and s’gauntes of armes of the kynges schulde be for to kepe and defend yf any wolde make any offence or fray azens the cries made in the courte in any thinge that myght be agayns the kynges Roiall mageste or lawe of armes and these men schulde be armed at all poyntes. The Constable schal have there as many men of armes as he will and the marchall also bi the assignacion of the Constable and ellis not the whiche men schal have the kepynge as is seyde. The s’gauntes of armes of the kynge schal have the keping of gates of the listes and the arestinges yf any schal be made bi the comaudemt of the seyde Constable and Marchall. The day of bataile the kynge schal be in a sege or in a shaffold on heght and a place schal be made for the Constable and marchall at the stayre foot of the seyde shaffold there where thei schal be. And than schal be axed the plegges of the appellaunt and defendaunt for to come in to the listes afore the kynge and present in the courte as prisioners un to the appellaunt and defendaunt be come in the listes and have made ther othes. When the ap (f. 126) pellaunt cometh to his iorney he schale come to the gate of the listes in the Este in such manner as he will feght with his armes and wepenis assignid to him bi the courte and ther he schal abide til he be led in bi the Constable so that when he is comen to the seyde gate the Constable and marchall schal goo thedir. And the Constable schal axe him what man he is whiche is comen armed to the gate of the listes. And what name he hathe and for what cause he is comen. And the appellaunt schal answere I am suche aman. A. de. K. the appellaunt the whiche is come to this iorney ＆c for to doo ＆c. And than the Constable schal open the viser of his basinet soo that he may playnli see his visage and if it be the same man that is the appellaunt than schal he make open the gates of the listes and schal make him entre with his seyde armes poyntes vitailes and other leuefull necessaries up on him and also his counsell with him and than he schal lede him afore the kynge and than to his tente where he schal abide til the defendaunt be comen. In the same manner schal be done of the defendaunt but that he schal entre in at the weste gate of the listes. The Constable clerk schal write and sette in the regestre the comyge and the houre of the entringe of the appellaunt and how that he entreth the listes on fote and also the harnyes of the appellaunt how that he is armed and with how many wepenis he entreth the listes and what vitailes and other leueful necessaries he bringeth in with him. In the same manner schal be don to the defendaunt. Also the Constable schal mak take hede that non other before ne behinde the appellaunt (f. 126b) nor the defendaunt brynge more wepin nor vitailes other then were assignid bi the courte. And yf it be soo that the defendaunt come not be time to his iorney and at the oure and terme limit bi the courte the Constable schal comaunde the marchall for to make calle him at the four corners of the listes the whiche schal be done in manner as it foloweth. Oyes. Oyez. Oyez. C. de. B. defendaunt come to yowre Jorney whiche ye have undirtake at this day for to aquite yowre plegges before the kinge the constable and marchall in yowre defence agayns. A. de K. appellaunt of that that he hathe put up on yow. And yf he come not be time he schal be callid the secunde time in the same manner and at the ende he schal say come the day passeth faste and yf he come not at that time he schal be callid the thridde time. But that this be betwixe hye tierce and none. In the same manner as before and at the ende he schal say the day passeth faste and the oure of none is nye soo that ye come bi the seyde oure of none at farrest in pitt that may come. But how soo ever the Constable hathe yevy oure and terme un to the defendaunt for to come to his Jorney never the lesse yf that he tarie un to the oure of none the Jugement schulde not bi right goo agayns him whethir it be in cas of treson or not. But soo is it not of the appellaunt for he muste holde the houre and time limitid bi the courte withoute any plonginge or excusacon what soo ever be it in cause of treson. The appellaunt and the defendaunt entrede in the (f. 127) listes with ther armoure wepenes vitailes and leuefull necessaries and counsell as is seyde and as thei are assigned bi the courte. The Constable schal wete the kinges wille yf he wil assigne any of his noble lordes or knyghtes of worschipe un to the sayde pties and yf he wil that the othes be made afore him or afore the Constable and marchal. And the appellaunt and defendaunt schal be serchid bi the Constable and marchall of there poyntes of armes otherwise callid wepenis that they be vowable without any man disseyte on them and yf thei be other than reson axeth they schal be taken away ffor reson good feythe and lawe of arms wil not suffre no gile nor dissayte in soo gret a dede. And it is to wite that the appellaunt and defendaunt may be armed as sewrely upon ther bodies as they will. And than the Constable schal sende firste after the marchall and than for the appellaunt with his counsell for to make his othe. The Constable schal axe him yf he wil any more protest and that he putte forthe all his ptestacions bi writinge for fro that time forthe he schal make no ptestacion. The constable schal have his clerke redy in his presence that schal ley forthe a masse book open. And than the Constable schal make his seyde clerke rede the bille of the appellaunt enterly on heyght and the bille redde the constable schal say to the appellaunt A. de K. thou knowest wel this bille and this warant and wedd’ that thou gave in oure courte thou schal lay thi right honde here up on these seyntes and schal swere in maner as foloweth (f. 127b). Thou. A.de.K. this thi bille is sothe in all poyntes and articles fro the beginyge contenynge theirn to the ende and that is thine entente to preve this day on the forsayde. C.de.B. so god the helpe and theise halowes and this othe made he schal be led agayne to his place. The constable schal make the marchal calle the defendaunt and soo schal be done to the defendaunt in the same manner as to the appellaunt. And than the Constable schal make calle bi the marchall the appellaunt agayne and schal make him leye his honde as he did afore up on the masse book and schal say. A.de.K. thou swerest that thou ne haste ne schalt have mo poyntes ne poyntes on the ne on thi bodi within these listes but thei that ben assignid bi the courte that is to say. a longe swerde schorte swerde and dagger nor non other knyf litill nor mekill ne non other instrument ne engyn of poynte ne other wise ne stone of vrtu ne herbe of vrtu ne charme ne expirmet ne karecte no non other inchauntemt bi the ne for the bi the whiche thou tristest the better to overcome the forseyde. C.de.B. thin advsarie that schal come ayens the with in these listes this day in his defence. Ne that thou ne trustest in non other thinge but onli in god and thi body and on thi rightful quarell so helpe the god and these halowes and the othe made he schal be led agayne to his place. In the same wise schal be done to the defendaunt. The whiche othes made and ther chambirleyns and srvauntes put a way. the Constable schal make calle bi the marchall the appellaunt and the defendaunt also the whiche schal be ledde (f. 128) and kepte bi the men of the Constable and marchall before them and the Constable schal say to bothe the pties. Thou A.de.K. appellour schal take. C.de.B. defendoure bi the rigt honde and he the. And we defende yow and echone of yow in the kinges name and up on the pill that longeth therto and up on pill of lesinge yowre quarell the whiche that is founden in defaute that non of yow be so hardy to doo to other ille ne grevauce thirstinge nor other harme bi the honde up on the pill afore sayde and this charge gevy. the Constable schal make yeve ther right hondis to gedir and ther lifte hondes up on the missale sayinge to the appeloure. A.de.K. appelloure thou swerest bi the feythe that thou yevest in the honde of thine advsarie. C.de.B. defondoure and bi all the halowe that thou toucheste with thi lifte honde that thou to-day this day schal doo all thi trewe power and entente bi all the weyes that thou beste may or kanste to preve thine entente on. C.de.B. thine advsarie and defendoure to make him yelden him up to thine honde and creant to crie or speke or ellis make him die bi thine honde to fore that thou wende oute of these listes bi the tyme and the sunne that the is assignid bi this courte bi thi feythe and soo helpe the god and these halowes. C. de. B. defendoure thou swerest bi thi feythe that thou yevest in the honde of thine advsarie A.de.K. appelloure and bi all the halowes that thou touchest with thi lifte honde that to day this day thou schall doo all thi trewe power and entente bi all the weyes that thou beste may or kanste to defende thine entente of all that (f. 128b) that is put on the bi. A.de.K. thin advsarie appelloure bi the feythe and soo helpe the god and all these halowes. And than the Constable schall comaunde the marchall for to crie at the foure corners of the listes in manner as foloweth. Oyez. Oyez. Oyez. We charge and comaunde bi the kynges Constable and marschall that non of gret valew ＆ of litill estate of what condicion or nacion that he be. be so hardy hens forewarde for to come negh the listes bi foure foote nor to speke nor to crie nor to make contenance nor token nor semblaunce nor noyse where bi nouther of these two prties. A.de.K. appellor ＆. C.de.B. defendour may take avauntage the ton up on the tother up on pill of lesinge lyf and membre and ther goodes at the kinges wille. And after the Constable and marchall schal avoyde all manner of pepill oute of the listes except their luftenauntz and two knyghtes for the Constable and marchall whiche schal be armed up on there bodies but they schal have nother knyf nor swerde up on them nor non other wepenes wherbi the appellaunt other the defendaunt may have therof any avauntage bi negligence of kepinge of them. But the two luftenauntz of the Constable and marchall schal have in there handes outher a spere wtoute yren for to depte them yf the kinge will make them abide in ther feghtinge whether it be to reste them or other thinge what som ever him liketh. And it is to be knowen that if yf any adminstracion schulde be made to the appellaunt or to the defendaunt of mete or of drinke or any other necessarie thinge leeful after (f. 129) that the counsell of frendes and s’vauntz ben put away of the appellaunt and of the defendaunt as is seyde the seyde adminstracion apteneth to the herawdes and also all the cries made in the seyde courte the whiche kingsz heraudes and pursevauntes schal have a place for the assignid bi the Constable and marchall as nye the listes as may goodli be soo that they may see all the dede ＆ to be redy yf thei be callid for to doo any thinge. The appellaunt in his place kepte bi som men assignid by the Constable or marchall ＆ the defendaunt in his place in the same wise. Bothe two made redy and arayed ＆ with feleschipe bi ther kepers above sayde the marchall with the ton ptie ＆ the levetenant of the Constable with the tother. The Constable sittinge in his place above sayde afore the kinge as his viker genrall and pties made redy for the feghte as is sayde bi the comaundement of the kinge. The constable schal say with hye voyce as foloweth. lessiez lez aler. that is to say lat them goo and reste a while. lessiez lez aler and reste a nother while. lessiez lez aler ＆ fair leur devoir depdieu. that is to say lat them goo and doo ther devour in goddes name. And this seyde eche man schal depte fro bothe pties soo that they may incountre ＆ doo that them semeth beste. The appellaunt ne the defendaunt may nouther ete nor drinke fro that time forthe withoute leve ＆ licence of the kinge for thinge that myght falle but yf thei wol do it bi the consentinge betwixe them. Fro this time forthe it is to be considered diligentli bi the constable that yf the kinge will make the pties feghtinge depte reste or abide (f. 129b) for wham som ever cause it be that he take good kepe how thei are deptid so that thei be in the same estate and degre in all thinges yf the kinge wil sure or make them goo to gedir agayne and also that he have good harkeninge and syghte un to them yf outher speke to other be it of yeldinge or other wise for un to him longeth the witnesse and the recorde of the wordes fro that time forthe ＆ to non other. And yf the seyde batell of treson he that is convicte ＆ discomfit schal be disarmed in the listes bi the comaundement of the Constable and a corner of the listes broken in the reprove of him bi the whiche schal be drawen oute with hors fro the same place there he is soo disarmed thorow the listis un to the place of iustice where he schal be hedid or hongid after the usage of the cuntre the whiche thinge apenteth to the marchall and to ovrsee and to pforme his seyde office and to put him in execucion and to goo or ride and to be alwey bi him til it be done and all pformed and aswel of the appellaunt as of the defendaunt for good feythe and right and lawe of armes will that the appellaunt renne in the same peyne that the defendaunt schulde doo if he were covicte and discomfit. And yf it happen soo that the kinge wolde take the quarell in his hande and make them acordid withoute more feghtinge. Than the Constable takinge the ton ptie and the marchall the tother and lede them afore the kinge and he schewinge them his wille the seedy Constable and marchall schal lede them to the on ptie of the listes with all there pointz and armor as thei are founden and havyge when the (f. 130) kynge took the quarell in his honde as is seyde. And soo they schal be led oute of the gate of the listes evenly so that the ton goo not afore the tother bi no wey in noo thinge for senne the hath taken the quarell in his hande it schulde be dishonest that outher of the pties schulde have mor disworschipe than the tother. Wherfore it hath ben seyde bi many aunciaunt men that hee that gooth first oute of the listes hath the disworschipe and this is aswel in cause of treson as in other cause what soo ever it be. The fee of the herawdes is all the poyntes ＆ armor brokin theis pt he taketh away or leveth after that he is entrid the listes aswel of the appellaunt as of the defendaunt and all the poyntes and armor of him that is discomfit be it the appellaunt other the defendaunt. The fee of the marchall is the listes the Barrers and the postes of them.
Footnotes
1 Mémoires sur L’Ancienne Chevalerie, l. 289.
2 Harl. MS. 4379.
3 “Militaria exercitia, quae nullo interveniente odio, sed pro solo exercitio, atque ostentatione virium.”
4 “Torneamentorum repertorum Gaufridum II, Dominum Pruliaci (de Pruilli) in Andibus agnoscit Chronicon Turonense; Anno 1066. Gaufridus de Pruliaco, qui Torneamenta invenit, apud Andegavum occiditur.” Quoted by Du Cange.
5 Les Origines des Chevaliers, etc., p. 9.
6 Published at Paris in 1619: p. 460.
7 L’Origines, Liv. I, p. 10.
8 Bohordicum, nostris Bohourt vel Behourt, Hastiludii species, vel certe quodvis hastiludii genus. Lambertus Ardensis. Cited by Du Cange.
9 II, cap. 16. Cited by Du Cange. Trepidare quoque quod vulgariter Biordare dicitur, cum scuto et lancea aliquis Clericus publice non attentet.
10 Ad turniandum et Burdiandum. Ne quis... turneare, Burdeare, justas facere, seu alia jacta armorum exercere praeusumat. Budeare apud Rymer (tom 5, p. 223).
11 The Mêlée.
12 Cited by Du Cange.
13 Tabula, seu Mensa Rotunda, Decurstonis, aut hastiludii species.
14 Cited by Du Cange.
15 Vol. XXXI, 104.
16 Rot. Patent, 17 Edw. III, p. 2, m. 2.
17 Issue Roll of the Exchequer, Mich. 30, Edw. III.
18 Le Livre Des Faicts Du Mareschal De Boucicaut, Chap. XVII.
19 Menestrier, Chavalrie ancienne, Chap. 6. Cited by Hewitt.
20 Page 492.
21 He began to write the Annals just after the death of Henry II. in 1189. They begin with the year 732 and end in 1201; and form not only a chronicle of England, but include also the history of many other countries.
22 Perambulation of Kent, fol. 448.
23 Cited in Horda.
24 Cited by Strutt in Horda Angel-cynnan, p. 92.
25 Rymer Foed., 301.
26 Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda, de rebus gestis Samsonis Abbatis Monasterii Sancti Edmundi.
28 Trivet. Cited by Holinshed. II, 263.
29 Holinshed II, 418.
30 Ashmolean MS. 860, 88. See Appendix A for catalogue of the Ashmolean MSS. relating to the tourney.
31 Horda Angel-cynnan II, 91.
32 Foedera III, 982.
33 No. 14, E. III.
35 No. 14, E. III.
36 Historia Anglicana, 1272-1422.
37 Holinshed, II, 438.
38 Ibid. II, 484.
39 Chap. 155, fol. 161.
40 Anno 1279.
41 The Bayeux tapestry shows one of the eleventh century.
42 XVII, 297.
43 John de Britannia.
44 Hernesium de Armis.
45 Cuirass.
46 A kind of cloth.
47 Ailettes first appear in the second half of the thirteenth century and continued in fashion for about sixty years. They assume various forms, and were worn upright at the outsides of the shoulders, attached by laces. On brasses they appear at the backs of the shoulders, but this is probably for the reason that the artists found some practical difficulty in picturing them so as to appear as they were really worn. It is not clear whether these singular pieces were intended for defence or to be used as planes for the ensignment of heraldic devices; it is certain, however, that they could afford but little protection against a stroke from a sword or a battle-axe.
48 Aiguillettes, or laces, later termed arming points, played an important part in the arming of a man, and were freely employed in fastening certain parts of his armour together. These points were also an important item in civil dress, and were usually of cord, silk, or leather.
49 I, 366.
50 XVII, 298.
51 Probably a coat-of-fence.
52 Cuisses.
53 Shoulder-pieces.
54 Bascinet.
55 Edward, the King’s son; Edmund, the King’s brother; William de Valance, Earl of Pembroke; Gilbert de Clare; and the Earl of Lincoln. These five noblemen constituted a court of honour, a committee in fact for the control of the tourney. William de Valence died in 1296, so the document must date before that year.
56 British Museum. MS. Addl. 12, 2228, fol. 181.
57 The illustrated Froissart in the British Museum, Harl. MS. 4379, was produced late in the fifteenth century.
58 Holinshed, II, 536.
59 Froissart (Johnes’), I, Chap. XLV.
60 Holinshed, II, 623.
61 There were no viscounts in England then.
63 Holinshed, II, 628.
64 Vol. XXXI, 26, in connection with “Observations on the Institution of the Order of the Garter,” a paper by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, g.c.m.g.
65 The use of white hoods had its origin in an ancient custom of the town of Ghent (Froissart, V, XX).
66 A text by Alfred W. Pollard. 1898.
67 Holinshed, II, 669.
68 Ibid. II, 671.
69 Holinshed, II, 677.
70 Froissart, I, 249.
71 II, 374.
72 The italics are ours.
73 A Sir Thomas Dagworth was slain in France in 1350 (Holinshed, II, 651).
74 Froissart, V, Chap. XXXVIII.
75 Froissart (Johnes’) VI, 378.
76 Froissart, II, 756.
77 Ibid. (Johnes’) V, Chap. XLVII.
78 Meaning here with pointed lances.
79 Froissart, V, XLVIII.
80 Histoire de Charles VI, p. 368.
81 This loose fastening of the helmet was a custom prevailing in Spain and Portugal.
82 Froissart, VIII, Chap. XXXI.
83 Ibid. IX, 336.
84 Le Livre des Faicts du Mareschal De Boucicaut.
85 Chap. XVII.
86 About 1389.
87 St. Inglevert.
88 X, Chap. XI.
89 He was great-nephew of Queen Philippa of Hainault.
90 Sir John Holland, afterwards Duke of Exeter.
91 Froissart, X, XXI.
92 Led.
93 Chronicles, II, 810.
94 Froissart, XII, 104.
95 Ancient Armour and Weapons, II, 340.
96 Died 1376.
97 Holinshed, II, 800.
98 Ibid. V, 443.
99 Referred to by Wendelin Boeheim in Meister der Waffenschmeidekunst, Chap. LVII.
100 Chap. VIII, p. 380.
101 Running with sharp lances.
102 Waffenkunde, p. 551.
103 Fig. 612.
104 Fig. 615.
105 With God’s help we are foremost in the tourney, and intend to continue so. (Zeitschrift für historische Waffenkunde, II, 66.)
106 I have done my best when I have broken eight lances. (Boeheim’s Waffenkunde, p. 554.)
107 One is figured by King René; another by Boeheim.
108 The edition used here is that among Collection Des Mémoires pour servir A L’Histoire De France.
109 Cotton. MS., Julius, E. IV.
110 Cotton. MS., Nero, D. IX.
111 Ancient Armour, III, 509.
112 Société de Bibliophiles Belges. Mons. 1842.
113 Ashmolean MS. 148-9. See Appendices A and B.
114 Marked I, 26.
115 Vol. XVII, p. 290.
116 Vol. I, 146.
117 The estoc.
118 The lists must thus have been artificially lighted.
119 The locking gauntlet is in the form of a closed hand, the fingers being made to fasten on the weapon held, the object being to prevent it being struck out of the hand by an adversary. Examples may be seen in the Tower of London, and there is one which belonged to Sir Henry Lee in the Armourer’s Hall, London.
120 Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, II, 262.
121 Holinshed, III, 10; and Hall, 16.
122 Chroniques De Monstrelet, Liv. I, Chap. II.
123 Such plans made beforehand would seem to have been quite common, but they usually miscarried.
124 Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, I, p. 185.
125 Chronique de Monstrelet, I, Chap. XIV.
126 Queen of Henry IV, married in 1403.
127 Kuriss-swords.
128 Cott. MS., Julius E. IV.
129 Chronique de Monstrelet, I, Chap. XIV.
130 Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, I, 412.
131 Hall, 162. A MS. in the Harleian Collection gives “La Statute d’Armes de Turnoys par le Parlement d’Angleterre,” Temp. Henry V. See Appendix A.
132 Monstrelet says 1423.
133 Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, I, p. 435. Monstrelet, in Liv. II, Chap. VIII, gives a somewhat different account.
134 Arch. Journ., LXI, Plate I, Fig. 2.
135 Chronique de Monstrelet, Liv. II, Chap. LIV.
136 Ibid. Liv. II, Chap. LXXXI.
137 Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, I, p. 339.
138 Holinshed, III, 214.
139 Mémoirs de la Marche, Liv. I, Chaps. VIII and IX.
140 A short thrusting sword.
141 A stout foining sword.
142 “Double ou single.” Chroniques de Monstrelet, Liv. II, 835. This would imply an option to use reinforcing pieces or not; for some of the foreign cavaliers might not be provided with them at this time.
143 The Vamplate.
144 The italics are ours.
146 Mémoires de la Marche, I, Chap. XVI; and Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne, II, 63.
148 Sainte-Palaye in Mémoires sur L’Ancienne Chevalerie, Vol. 1, 15, defines and describes the different grades and sorts of esquires.
149 MS. 506. Rights due att the Tournay. “Firste the Kinge of Armes....” See Appendix A.
150 Arch. Journ., XLVI, 135.
151 Hist. de, Ch. VII, p. 568.
152 Class XVI, No. 5.
153 The Armouries of the Tower of London, p. 440.
154 Mémoires D’Olivier De La Marche, I, chap. XVIII.
155 Mémoires de la Marche, I, Chap. XIV.
156 Histoire des Ducs De Bourgogne, II, 90.
157 Monstrelet’s Chronicle, (Continuation) Johnes’ II. Chap. LXIII.
158 Liv. I, Chap. XXXVII.
159 Anthony Woodville, Lord Scales, brother to the Queen of England.
160 Chronicles, III, 286.
162 Liv. II, Chap. IV.
163 Monstrelet, Continuation, Chap. CLXIX.
164 Easterling.
165 “Certaine Triumphes,” a MS. in Bib. Harl. insig., No. 69. See Appendix B.
167 The Italics are ours.
168 Hand and a half sword.
169 MS. in Bib. Harl. insig., Cod. 69. See Appendix B.
170 Archæological Journal, LV, 299.
171 See Appendices A, B and C.
172 Vienna. 1880-1882.
173 Courses run with pointed lances, those with coronals, combats on foot and a mêlée, as well as the mummeries in which he was engaged.
174 In translation:—
THE KNIGHT FREYDAL
Now who would read of pastimes
And joyous deeds of pleasure?
Let him take up the tournament
In all its fullest measure.
This did the gallant Freydal
In knightly deeds of fame,
Thus rendering illustrious
The glories of his name.
His virtues and his goodness
Are manifest to all;
His many glorious triumphs
At tilt, at masks and ball.
Thus were his young days brightened
And the sunniest memories shed,
The cares of old age lightened
By brave records of the dead.
(His like will ne’er be seen again.)
175 Scharfrennen and the Gestech.
176 The hall where the ancient firearms are on view.
177 The Armouries of the Tower of London, I, 26.
178 “What care I for the moon if the sun be gracious.”
179 “No one knows my heart, whether I am a fox or a hare.”
180 Joust at the tilt.
181 The Armouries of the Tower of London, I, 37.
182 Ibid., I, 49.
183 Catalogue No. 21.
184 Waffenkunde, p. 557.
185 “Er [the Emperor] hat auch under den pundten vilmal gerennt da im treffens baid shilt in de höch sprungen, das dann lustig ist zu sehen, aber sorgklich zu thun.”
186 The word Anzogenrennen means merely jousting with the shield screwed on (Angeschraubte Tartsche).
187 Vol. LV, page 297.
188 LVI, page 276.
189 The Armouries at the Tower of London, I, 18.
190 This duel is described in .
191 Chapter X, 1.
192 Chapter XIII.
193 Without a tilt.
194 The term “tourney” is very frequently employed by chroniclers to express the mêlée, though also often applied in a general sense.
195 Waffenkunde, Fig. 631.
196 Monstrelet, Continuation, Chap. CCXXXIX.
197 Arch. Journ., LV, 306.
198 Reinforcing pieces.
199 Without a tilt.
200 Chronicles, III, 605.
202 Archæological Journal, LV, 302.
203 Hall’s Chronicle, p. 513.
204 Hall, 516.
205 The italics are ours.
206 Disallowed?
207 Created Duke of Suffolk in 1514.
208 Father of Anne.
209 Hall’s Chronicle, p. 516.
210 Arch. Journ., LV, 338.
211 Hall’s Chronicle, 520.
212 Hall’s Chronicle, 533.
213 Ibid. 564.
214 Holinshed, III, 609.
215 Ibid. III, 613.
216 Ibid. III, 625.
217 Ibid. III, 636.
218 Margaret Tudor, afterwards married to the sixth Earl of Douglas.
219 Hall, 584.
220 Probably the same meeting mentioned by Holinshed under 1519.
221 Ibid. 591.
223 Another account says that on that day the two kings preferred to look on.
225 Archæologia, LXIII, 32.
226 Harleian Miscellany, X, 306.
227 Afterwards Duke of Northumberland.
228 The famous minister of Philip II.
229 See Ashmolean, MS. 845, 171a; and Harl. MS., Codex 69, Art. 20.
230 Archæological Journal, LXI, 304.
231 The duties of “pursuivants d’armes” are given by Sainte-Palaye in his Mémoires sur L’Ancienne Chevalerie (I, 32), and among them is that of registering the scores, “＆ afin de n’en point perdre la mémoire, on y portoit des tablettes pour enregistrer les faits ＆ les circonstances les plus remarquables.”
232 “He that on horsebacke directeth his Launce at the head, is more to be praised, than he that toucheth lower. For the higher the Launce hitteth, the greater is the Runners commendation.”
233 Harl. MS. 326, fol. 113 vᵒ.
234 Archæologia, Vol. LXIII.
235 Archæological Journal, LXI, 305.
236 The Continuation of the Chronicles of England, by John Stow and others.
237 The Prince Dauphin, not the Dauphin of France.
238 Continuation Holinshed, IV, 645.
239 Archæological Journal, LXI, 305.
240 Ibid.
241 Ivanhoe was published in 1820.
242 A short account of the pas d’armes of 1452 is given in our .
243 The Armorial was written a little before 1467, and, through the Princess Maria, the Order of the Golden Fleece was transferred to the Courts of Austria and Spain.
244 Origines Juridiciales, p. 65.
245 Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, I, 39.
246 Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, I, 147.
247 Origines Juridiciales, p. 79.
248 Published in 1671, by William Dugdale Esquire, Norroy King of Arms, later Sir William and Garter King of Arms; the ordinances, etc., being those in operation in the reign of Henry II, set forth by Ranulph de Glanville, Justice of England, page 65.
249 Origines, p. 68.
250 Bastons were sometimes headed with a double beak, like a pick. Their usual length was three feet, though shorter ones could be used in the event of combatants mutually wishing it.
251 Vol. I, p. 375.
252 Theatre of Honour and Knighthood, Chap. II, p. 423, written at Paris anno 1619.
253 Chap. 2, p. 423.
254 Anciens Mémoires Du XIV Siècle, I, 505.
255 See Montfaucon, Tom III, Pl. 18.
256 Holinshed’s Chronicles, II, 727.
257 Ancient Armour and Weapons of War, II, 342.
258 Plate 58.
259 Page 371.
260 Holinshed, II, 844. Harleian MS., III, 6079, Art. 36, gives an account of this duel.
261 Theatre of Honour, etc., p. 459.
262 Theatre of Honour, etc., p. 459.
263 Archæologia, XXIX, 348.
264 Probably a fencing master.
265 Antiquarian Repertory, II, 210.
266 The glaive here mentioned is not the weapon usually known by that name, but the lance: for it will be observed in some later rules given on these pages that “spears of equal length” were to be issued to the combatants. Lances were often termed glaives at this period, and in such combats were shortened to five feet.
268 Clayues.
269 Antiquarian Repertory, 1, 152.
270 Chronique de Monstrelet, Liv. II, Chap. CII.
271 Holinshed, III, 210.
272 Ibid.
273 II, 182.
274 Origines Juridiciales, p. 78.
275 Holinshed III, 890.
276 59 Geo. III, c. 46.
277 Catalogue by William Henry Black. Oxford. 1845.
278 Though indexed this item is not in the catalogue.
279 The Marquis of Northampton and others, 14 on each side.
280 Prize.
281 Another name for Scharfrennen.
282 Bundrennen.
283 German Joust.
284 Joust at the Tilt.
285 Feldrennen.
286 129?
The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is in the public domain.
Antiquated spellings or ancient words were preserved.