The use of original sources in the teaching of mediæval history is still hampered by the scarcity of material adapted to the needs of the student. This situation is sufficient excuse for the publication of a new book of translations of important mediæval documents, if such a book does more than reedit old material—if it presents, along with the usual and familiar sources, documents not elsewhere translated or brings together documents not otherwise easily accessible. We believe the present work does that, and that it also makes the use of this material more practicable by giving fuller notes and explanations than has usually been attempted.
Our purpose in general has been to present material touching only what may be called the most important matters (persons, events, movements, institutions, and conditions) of the whole mediæval period. We have not tried to make a complete source-book for the period, but only to offer in usable form illustrative material which may be of service to both teacher and student in general or information courses. Each document is meant to illustrate or illumine one particular thing. While it may throw light on many other things, the teacher should be warned not to attempt to deduce from these few documents the whole history and life of the Middle Age.
We are fully aware that in the choice of documents we shall not please all. Many of the documents here given are clearly essential and must be found in such a book as we have tried to make. Concerning all such there can be no question. As to the others, there are hundreds of documents which would serve our purpose quite as well as those we have used, perhaps even better. In making our selections we have been guided by a great variety of considerations which it would be useless to enumerate. While another would have made a different selection, we believe that the documents which we present really illustrate the matter in question, and therefore will be found satisfactory. With this we shall be quite content. The necessity of selection has also led us to omit the political history of France and England. We felt that we could properly leave out English documents, because there are already several excellent collections of English sources, such as those of Lee, Colby, Adams, and Stephens, etc. In regard to France we were in doubt for some time, but the desire to keep the size of the book within certain limits at length prevailed. We hope, however, to atone for this omission by publishing soon a small collection of documents relating exclusively to France.
It will be observed that we have made use chiefly of documents, quoting from chronicles only when it seemed absolutely necessary. An exception to this general principle is found in section I, where a larger use of chronicles was rendered necessary by the lack of documentary sources for much of the period covered; but it is perhaps unnecessary to apologize for presenting selections from the important histories of Tacitus, Gregory, Einhard, and Widukind. In the matter of form (translation, omissions, arrangements, notes, etc.), we were guided by considerations of the purpose of the book. The style of most of the documents in the original is involved, obscure, bombastic, and repetitious. A faithful rendition into English would often be quite unintelligible. We have endeavored to make a clear and readable translation, but always to give the correct meaning. If we have failed in the latter it is not for want of constant effort. We have not hesitated to omit phrases and clauses, often of a parenthetical nature, the presence of which in the translation would only render the passage obscure and obstruct the thought. As a rule we have given the full text of the body of the document, but we have generally omitted the first and last paragraphs, the former containing usually titles and pious generalities, and the latter being composed of lists of witnesses, etc. We have given a sufficient number of the documents in full to illustrate these features of mediæval diplomatics. All but the most trivial omissions in the text (which are matters rather of form of translation) are indicated thus:... Insertions in the text to explain the meaning of phrases are inclosed in brackets. Quotations from the Bible are regularly given in the words of the Authorized Version, but where the Latin (taken from the Vulgate) differs in any essential manner, we have sometimes translated the passage literally.
Within each section the documents are arranged in chronological order, except in a few cases where the topical arrangement seemed necessary. We believe that the explanatory notes in the form of introductions and foot-notes will be found of service; they are by no means exhaustive, but are intended to explain the setting and importance of the document and the difficult or obscure passages it may contain. The reference to the work or the collection in which the original is found is given after the title of practically every document; the meaning of the references will be plain from the accompanying bibliography. The original of nearly all the documents is in Latin; some few are in Greek, Old French, or German, and in such cases the language of the original is indicated.
It is impossible, of course, to give explicit directions as to the use of the book, other than the very obvious methods of requiring the student to read and analyze the documents assigned in connection with the lesson in the text-book, and of making clear to him the relation of the document to the event. It may be possible also for the teacher to give the student some notion of the meaning of “historical method”; e.g., the necessity of making allowance for the ignorance or the bias of the author in chronicles, or the way in which a knowledge of institutions is deduced from incidental references in documents. Suggestions of both sorts will be found in the introduction and notes. The teacher should insist on the use of such helps as are found in the book: notes, cross-references, glossary, etc. Groups of documents can be used to advantage in topical work: assigned topics worked up from authorities can be illustrated by documents selected from the book; e.g., imperial elections, papal elections, the Normans in Sicily, history of the Austrian dominions, Germans and Slavs on the eastern frontier, relations of the emperors and the popes before the investiture strife, etc.
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | page |
|---|
| Section I. The Germans and the Empire to 1073 | 1–81 |
| 1. | Selections from the Germania of Tacitus, ca. 100 | 2 |
| 2. | Procopius, Vandal war | 11 |
| 3. | Procopius, Gothic war | 12 |
| 4. | The Salic law, ca. 500 | 14 |
| 5. | Selections from Gregory of Tours | 26 |
| 6. | The coronation of Pippin, 751 | 37 |
| 7. | Einhard’s Life of Karl the Great | 38 |
| 8. | The imperial coronation of Karl the Great, 800 | 48 |
| 9. | General capitulary about the missi, 802 | 48 |
| 10. | Selections from the Monk of St. Gall | 51 |
| 11. | Letter of Karl the Great to Baugulf, 787 | 55 |
| 12. | Letter of Karl about the sermons of Paul the Deacon | 56 |
| 13. | Recognition of Karl by the emperors at Constantinople, 812 | 57 |
| 14. | Letter of Karl to emperor Michael I, 813 | 58 |
| 15. | Letter to Ludwig the Pious about a comet, 837 | 59 |
| 16. | The Strassburg oaths, 842 | 60 |
| 17. | The treaty of Verdun, 843. Annales Bertiniani | 62 |
| 18. | The treaty of Verdun. Regino | 63 |
| 19. | The treaty of Meersen, 870 | 64 |
| 20. | Invasion of the Northmen, end of the ninth century | 65 |
| 21. | Invasion of the Hungarians, ca. 950 | 65 |
| 22. | Dissolution of the empire. Regino | 66 |
| 23. | The coronation of Arnulf, 896. Regino | 69 |
| 24. | Rise of the tribal duchies in Germany, ca. 900. Saxony | 69 |
| 25. | Rise of the tribal duchies. Suabia | 70 |
| 26. | Henry I and the Saxon cities | 71 |
| 27. | The election of Otto I, 936 | 72 |
| 28. | Otto I and the Hungarians, 955 | 75 |
| 29. | The imperial coronation of Otto I, 962 | 78 |
| 30. | The acquisition of Burgundy by the empire, 1018–32. Thietmar of Merseburg | 79 |
| 31. | The acquisition of Burgundy. Wipo, Life of Conrad II | 79 |
| 32. | Henry III and the eastern frontier, 1040–43 | 80 |
| Section II. The Papacy to the Accession of Gregory VII, 1073 | 82–131 |
| 33. | Legislation concerning the election of bishops, fourth to ninth centuries | 83 |
| 34. | Pope to be chosen from the cardinal clergy | 84 |
| 35. | The Petrine theory as stated by Leo I, 440–461 | 85 |
| 36. | The emperor gives the pope secular authority, 554 | 86 |
| 37. | Letter from the church at Rome to the emperor at Constantinople, ca. 650 | 87 |
| 38. | Letter from the church at Rome to the exarch of Ravenna, ca. 600 | 89 |
| 39. | Gregory I sends missionaries to the English, 596. Bede | 92 |
| 40. | The oath of Boniface to Gregory II, 723 | 93 |
| 41. | Letter of Gregory II to emperor Leo III, 726 or 727 | 95 |
| 42. | Gregory III excommunicates iconoclasts, 731 | 101 |
| 43. | Letter of Gregory III to Karl Martel, 739 | 101 |
| 44. | Promise of Pippin to Stephen II, 753, 754 | 102 |
| 45. | Donation of Pippin, 756 | 104 |
| 46. | Promise of Karl to Adrian I, 774 | 105 |
| 47. | Letter of Karl to Leo III, 796 | 107 |
| 48. | Karl exercises authority in Rome, 800 | 108 |
| 49. | Oath of Leo III before Karl, 800 | 108 |
| 50. | Oath of the Romans to Ludwig the Pious and Lothar, 824 | 109 |
| 51. | Letter of Ludwig II to Basil, emperor at Constantinople, 871 | 110 |
| 52. | Papal elections to be held in the presence of the emperor’s representatives, 898 | 113 |
| 53. | Oath of Otto I to John XII, 961 | 114 |
| 54. | Otto I confirms the pope in the possession of his lands, 962 | 115 |
| 55. | Leo VIII grants the emperor the right to choose popes, 963 | 118 |
| 56. | Letter of Sylvester II to Stephen of Hungary, 1000 | 119 |
| 57. | Henry III deposes and creates popes, 1048 | 121 |
| 58. | Oath of Robert Guiscard to Nicholas II, 1059 | 124 |
| 59. | Papal election decree of Nicholas II, 1059 | 126 |
| Section III. The Struggle between the Empire and the Papacy, 1073–1250 | 132–259 |
| 60. | Prohibition of simony and marriage of the clergy, 1074 | 134 |
| 61. | Simony and celibacy; Roman council, 1074 | 134 |
| 62. | Celibacy, 1074 | 135 |
| 63. | Celibacy, ninth general council in the Lateran, 1123 | 135 |
| 64. | Prohibition of lay investiture, 1078 | 136 |
| 65. | Dictatus papæ, ca. 1090 | 136 |
| 66. | Letter of Gregory VII commending his legates, 1074 | 139 |
| 67. | Oath of the patriarch of Aquileia to Gregory VII, 1079 | 140 |
| 68. | Oath of Richard of Capua to Gregory VII, 1073 | 140 |
| 69. | Letter of Gregory VII to the princes wishing to reconquer Spain, 1073 | 142 |
| 70. | Letter of Gregory VII to Wratislav, duke of Bohemia, 1073 | 143 |
| 71. | Letter of Gregory VII to Sancho, king of Aragon, 1074 | 143 |
| 72. | Letter of Gregory VII to Solomon, king of Hungary, 1074 | 144 |
| 73. | Letter of Gregory VII to Demetrius, king of Russia, 1075 | 145 |
| 74. | Letter of Gregory VII to Henry IV, 1075 | 146 |
| 75. | Deposition of Gregory VII by Henry IV, 1076 | 151 |
| 76. | Letter of the bishops of Germany to Gregory VII, 1076 | 153 |
| 77. | First deposition and excommunication of Henry IV by Gregory VII, 1076 | 155 |
| 78. | Agreement at Oppenheim, 1076 | 156 |
| 79. | Edict annulling the decrees against Gregory VII, 1076 | 157 |
| 80. | Letter of Gregory VII concerning the penance of Henry IV at Canossa, 1077 | 157 |
| 81. | Oath of Henry IV | 160 |
| 82. | Countess Matilda gives her lands to the church, 1102 | 160 |
| 83. | First privilege of Paschal II to Henry V, 1111 | 161 |
| 84. | Second privilege of Paschal II to Henry V, 1111 | 163 |
| 85. | Concordat of Worms, 1122. Promise of Calixtus II | 164 |
| 86. | Concordat of Worms. Promise of Henry V | 165 |
| 87. | Election notice, 1125 | 166 |
| 88. | Anaclete II gives title of king to Roger of Sicily, 1130 | 168 |
| 89. | Coronation oath of Lothar II, 1133 | 169 |
| 90. | Innocent II grants the lands of Countess Matilda to Lothar II, 1133 | 170 |
| 91. | Letter of Bernard of Clairvaux to Lothar II, 1134 | 171 |
| 92. | Letter of Bernard of Clairvaux to Conrad III, 1140 | 172 |
| 93. | Letter of Conrad III to John Comnenus, 1142 | 173 |
| 94. | Letter of Wibald, abbot of Stablo, to Eugene III, 1150 | 174 |
| 95. | Letter of Frederick I to Eugene III, 1152 | 176 |
| 96. | Answer of Eugene III, 1152 | 178 |
| 97. | Treaty of Constance, 1153 | 178 |
| 98. | Stirrup episode, 1155 | 180 |
| 99. | Treaty of Adrian IV and William of Sicily, 1156 | 181 |
| 100. | Letter of Adrian IV to Frederick I, 1157 | 183 |
| 101. | Manifesto of Frederick I, 1157 | 186 |
| 102. | Letter of Adrian IV to Frederick I, 1158 | 187 |
| 103. | Definition of regalia, 1158 | 188 |
| 104. | Letter of Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg, 1159 | 190 |
| 105. | Letter of Alexander III in regard to disputed papal election of 1159 | 192 |
| 106. | Letter of Victor IV, 1159 | 194 |
| 107. | Account given by Gerhoh of Reichersberg, ca. 1160 | 196 |
| 108. | Preliminary treaty of Anagni, 1176 | 196 |
| 109. | Peace of Constance, 1183 | 199 |
| 110. | Formation of the duchy of Austria, 1156 | 202 |
| 111. | The bishop of Würzburg becomes a duke, 1168 | 203 |
| 112. | Decree of Gelnhausen, 1180 | 205 |
| 113. | Papal election decree of Alexander III, 1179 | 207 |
| 114. | Innocent III to Acerbius, 1198 | 208 |
| 115. | Innocent III grants the pallium to the archbishop of Trnova, 1201 | 208 |
| 116. | Innocent III to the archbishop of Auch, 1198 | 209 |
| 117. | Innocent III commands all in authority to aid his legates, 1198 | 210 |
| 118. | Innocent III to the king of Aragon, 1206 | 211 |
| 119. | Innocent III to the French bishops, 1198 | 211 |
| 120. | Innocent III forbids violence to the Jews, 1199 | 212 |
| 121. | Innocent III to the archbishop of Rouen, 1198 | 213 |
| 122. | Innocent III forbids laymen to demand tithes from the clergy, 1198 | 213 |
| 123. | Oath of the prefect of Rome to Innocent III, 1198 | 214 |
| 124. | Oath of John of Ceccano to Innocent III, 1201 | 215 |
| 125. | Innocent III to the archbishop of Messina, 1203 | 216 |
| 126. | Innocent III to the English barons, 1206 | 217 |
| 127. | Innocent III to Peter of Aragon, 1211 | 218 |
| 128. | Innocent III grants the title of king to the duke of Bohemia, 1204 | 218 |
| 129. | Innocent III to the English barons, 1216 | 219 |
| 130. | Innocent III decides the disputed election of Frederick, Philip of Suabia, and Otto, 1201 | 220 |
| 131. | Treaty between Philip of Suabia and Philip II of France, 1198 | 227 |
| 132. | Alliance between Otto IV and John of England, 1202 | 228 |
| 133. | Concessions of Philip of Suabia to Innocent III, 1203 | 228 |
| 134. | Promise of Frederick II to Innocent III, 1213 | 230 |
| 135. | Promise of Frederick II to resign Sicily, 1216 | 232 |
| 136. | Concessions of Frederick II to the ecclesiastical princes, 1220 | 233 |
| 137. | Decision of the diet concerning new tolls and mints, 1220 | 236 |
| 138. | Frederick II gives a charter to the patriarch of Aquileia, 1220 | 237 |
| 139. | Statute of Frederick II in favor of the princes, 1231–32 | 238 |
| 140. | Treaty of San Germano, 1230. Preliminary agreement | 240 |
| 141. | Papal stipulations in treaty of San Germano | 242 |
| 142. | Letter of Gregory IX about the emperor’s visit, 1230 | 244 |
| 143. | Papal charges and imperial defence, 1238 | 245 |
| 144. | Excommunication of Frederick II, 1239 | 254 |
| 145. | Current stories about Frederick II. Matthew of Paris | 256 |
| Section IV. The Empire, 1250–1500 | 260–308 |
| 146. | Diet of Nürnberg, 1274 | 260 |
| 147. | The German princes confirm Rudolf’s surrender of Italy, 1278–79 | 263 |
| 148. | Revocation of grants of imperial lands, 1281 | 265 |
| 149. | Electoral “letter of consent,” 1282 | 265 |
| 150. | Letter of Rudolf to Edward I of England, 1283 | 266 |
| 151. | Decree against counterfeiters, 1285 | 267 |
| 152. | The beginning of the Swiss confederation, 1290 | 267 |
| 152 a. | Edict of Rudolf, in regard to Schwyz, 1291 | 269 |
| 153. | Concessions of Adolf of Nassau to the archbishop of Cologne, 1292 | 270 |
| 154. | The archbishop of Mainz confirmed as archchancellor of Germany, 1298 | 276 |
| 155. | Declaration of the election of Henry VII, 1308 | 277 |
| 156. | Supplying of the office of archchancellor of Italy, 1310 | 278 |
| 157. | The law “Licet juris,” 1338 | 279 |
| 158. | The diet of Coblenz, 1338. Chronicle of Flanders | 281 |
| 159. | The diet of Coblenz. Chronicle of Henry Knyghton | 282 |
| 160. | The Golden Bull of Charles IV, 1356 | 283 |
| 160 a. | Complaint of the cities of Brandenburg to Sigismund, 1411 | 306 |
| 160 b. | Sigismund orders the people to receive Frederick of Hohenzollern as governor, 1412 | 307 |
| Section V. The Church, 1250–1500 | 309–340 |
| 161. | Bull of Nicholas III condemning heretics, 1280 | 309 |
| 162. | Bull “Clericis laicos” of Boniface VIII, 1298 | 311 |
| 163. | Boniface VIII announces the jubilee year, 1300 | 313 |
| 164. | The bull “Unam sanctam” of Boniface VIII, 1302 | 314 |
| 165. | The conclusions of Marsilius of Padua, 1324 | 317 |
| 166. | Condemnation of Marsilius of Padua, 1327 | 324 |
| 167. | Beginning of the schism; manifesto of the revolting cardinals, 1378 | 325 |
| 168. | The University of Paris and the schism, 1393 | 326 |
| 169. | Council of Pisa declares itself competent to try popes, 1409 | 327 |
| 170. | Oath of the cardinals, council of Pisa, 1409 | 328 |
| 171. | Council of Constance claims supreme authority, 1415 | 328 |
| 172. | Reforms demanded by the council of Constance, 1417 | 329 |
| 173. | Concerning general councils, council of Constance, 1417 | 331 |
| 174. | Bull “Execrabilis” of Pius II, 1459 | 332 |
| 175. | William III of Saxony forbids appeals to foreign courts, 1446 | 333 |
| 176. | Establishment of the university of Avignon, 1303 | 334 |
| 177. | Popular dissatisfaction with the wealth of the church, ca. 1480 | 336 |
| 178. | Complaints of the Germans against the pope, 1510 | 336 |
| 179. | Abuses in the sale of indulgences, 1512 | 338 |
| Section VI. Feudalism | 341–387 |
| 180. | Form for the creation of an “antrustio” by the king | 342 |
| 181. | Form for suspending lawsuits | 343 |
| 182. | Form for commendation | 343 |
| 183. | Form for undertaking lawsuits | 344 |
| 184. | Form for gift of land to a church | 345 |
| 185. | Form for precarial letter | 346 |
| 186. | Form for precarial letter | 347 |
| 187. | Form for precarial letter | 347 |
| 188. | Form for gift of land to be received back and held in perpetuity for a fixed rent | 348 |
| 189. | Treaty of Andelot, 587 | 348 |
| 190. | Precept of Chlothar II, 584–628 | 350 |
| 191. | Grant of immunity to a monastery, 673 | 351 |
| 192. | Form for grant of immunity to a monastery | 352 |
| 193. | Form for grant of immunity to a secular person | 352 |
| 194. | Grant of immunity to a secular person, 815 | 353 |
| 195. | Edict of Chlothar II, 614 | 355 |
| 196. | Capitulary of Kiersy, 877 | 355 |
| 197. | Capitulary of Lestinnes, 743 | 357 |
| 198. | Capitulary of Aquitaine, 768 | 357 |
| 199. | Capitulary of Heristal, 779 | 358 |
| 200. | General capitulary to the missi, 802 | 358 |
| 201. | Capitulary to the missi, 806 | 358 |
| 202. | Capitulary of 807 | 359 |
| 203. | General capitulary to the missi, 805 | 359 |
| 204. | Capitulary of 811 | 359 |
| 205. | Capitulary of Worms, 829 | 360 |
| 206. | Capitulary of Aachen, 801–813 | 360 |
| 207. | Agreement of Lothar, Ludwig, and Charles, 847 | 360 |
| 208. | Capitulary of Bologna, 811 | 361 |
| 209. | Homage | 363 |
| 210. | Homage | 364 |
| 211. | Homage | 364 |
| 212. | Homage | 364 |
| 213. | Homage | 364 |
| 214. | Homage of Edward III to Philip VI, 1329 | 365 |
| 215. | Feudal aids | 367 |
| 216. | Feudal aids | 367 |
| 217. | Feudal aids, etc | 367 |
| 218. | Homage of the count of Champagne to the duke of Burgundy, 1143 | 368 |
| 219. | Homage of the count of Champagne to Philip II, 1198 | 369 |
| 220. | Homage of the count of Champagne to the duke of Burgundy, 1200 | 371 |
| 221. | Letter of Blanche of Champagne to Philip II, 1201 | 371 |
| 222. | Letter of Philip II to Blanche | 372 |
| 223. | Homage of the count of Champagne to the bishop of Langres, 1214 | 372 |
| 224. | Homage of the count of Champagne to the bishop of Châlons, 1214. | 373 |
| 225. | Homage of the count of Champagne to the abbot of St. Denis, 1226 | 373 |
| 226. | List of the fiefs of the count of Champagne, ca. 1172 | 374 |
| 227. | Sum of the knights of the count of Champagne | 375 |
| 228. | Extent of the domain lands of the count of Champagne, ca. 1215 | 377 |
| 229. | Feudal law of Conrad II, 1037 | 383 |
| 230. | Feudal law of Frederick I for Italy, 1158 | 385 |
| Section VII. Courts, Judicial Processes, and the Peace | 388–431 |
| 231. | Sachsenspiegel | 391 |
| 232. | Frederick II appoints a justiciar and a court secretary, 1235 | 398 |
| 233. | Peace of Eger, 1389 | 399 |
| 234. | Ordeal by hot water | 401 |
| 235. | Ordeal by hot iron | 404 |
| 236. | Ordeal by cold water | 406 |
| 237. | Ordeal by cold water | 408 |
| 238. | Ordeal by the barley bread | 409 |
| 239. | Ordeal by bread and cheese | 410 |
| 240. | Peace of God, 989 | 412 |
| 241. | Peace of God, 990 | 412 |
| 242. | Truce of God, 1035–41 | 414 |
| 243. | Truce of God, ca. 1041 | 416 |
| 244. | Truce of God, 1063 | 417 |
| 245. | Peace of the land, Henry IV, 1103 | 419 |
| 246. | Peace of the land for Elsass, 1085–1103 | 419 |
| 247. | Decree of Frederick I concerning the peace, 1156 | 422 |
| 248. | Peace of the land for Italy, Frederick I, 1158 | 425 |
| 249. | Perpetual peace of the land, Maximilian I, 1495 | 427 |
| 250. | Establishment of a supreme court, 1495 | 430 |
| Section VIII. Monasticism | 432–509 |
| 251. | The rule of St. Benedict, ca. 530 | 432 |
| 252. | Oath of the Benedictines | 485 |
| 253. | Monk’s vow | 485 |
| 254. | Monk’s vow | 485 |
| 255. | Monk’s vow | 486 |
| 256. | Monk’s vow | 486 |
| 257. | Written profession of a monk | 486 |
| 258. | Ceremony of receiving a monk into the monastery | 488 |
| 259. | Offering of a child to the monastery | 489 |
| 260. | Offering of a child to the monastery | 489 |
| 261. | Commendatory letter | 489 |
| 262. | Commendatory letter | 490 |
| 263. | General letter | 490 |
| 264. | Letter of dismissal | 490 |
| 265. | Rule of St. Chrodegang, ca. 744 | 491 |
| 265 a. | Origin of the Templars, 1119 | 492 |
| 266. | Anastasius IV grants privileges to the Knights of St. John, 1154 | 494 |
| 267. | Innocent III to the bishops of France; simony in the monasteries, 1211 | 496 |
| 268. | Innocent III grants the use of the mitre to the abbot of Marseilles, 1204 | 497 |
| 269. | Rule of St. Francis, 1223 | 498 |
| 270. | Testament of St. Francis, 1220 | 504 |
| 271. | Innocent IV grants friars permission to ride on horseback, 1250 | 508 |
| 272. | Alexander IV condemns attacks on the friars, 1256 | 508 |
| 273. | John XXII condemns the theses of John of Poilly, 1320 | 509 |
| Section IX. The Crusades | 510–544 |
| 274. | Origen, Exhortation to martyrdom, 235 | 510 |
| 275. | Origen, Commentary on Numbers | 511 |
| 276. | Leo IV (847–855); indulgences for fighting the heathen | 511 |
| 277. | John II; indulgences for fighting the heathen, 878 | 512 |
| 278. | Gregory VII calls for a crusade, 1074 | 512 |
| 279. | Speech of Urban II at the council of Clermont, 1095. Fulcher of Chartres | 513 |
| 280. | Speech of Urban II. Robert the Monk | 518 |
| 281. | Truce of God and indulgences proclaimed at the council of Clermont | 521 |
| 282. | Ekkehard of Aura, Hierosolimita; the first crusade | 522 |
| 283. | Anonymi Gesta Francorum, 1097–99 | 523 |
| 284. | Eugene III announces a crusade, 1145 | 526 |
| 285. | Otto of St. Blasien; the third crusade, 1189–90 | 529 |
| 286. | Innocent III forbids the Venetians to traffic with the Mohammedans, 1198 | 535 |
| 287. | Innocent III takes the king of the Danes under his protection, 1210 | 537 |
| 288. | Innocent III announces a crusade, 1215 | 537 |
| Section X. Social Classes and Cities in Germany | –612 |
| 289. | Otto III forbids the unfree classes to attempt to free themselves, ca. 1000 | 545 |
| 290. | Henry I frees a serf, 926 | 546 |
| 291. | Henry III frees a female serf, 1050 | 547 |
| 292. | Recovery of fugitive serfs, 1224 | 548 |
| 293. | Rank of children born of mixed marriages, 1282 | 549 |
| 294. | Frederick II confers nobility, ca. 1240 | 549 |
| 295. | Charles IV confers nobility on a “doctor of both laws,” 1360 | 550 |
| 296. | Law of the family of the bishop of Worms, 1023 | 551 |
| 297. | Charter of the ministerials of the archbishop of Cologne, 1154 | 563 |
| 298. | The bishop of Hamburg grants a charter to colonists, 1106 | 572 |
| 299. | Privilege of Frederick I for the Jews, 1157 | 573 |
| 300. | The bishop of Speyer grants a charter to the Jews, 1084 | 577 |
| 301. | Lothar II grants a market to the monastery of Prüm, 861 | 579 |
| 302. | Otto I grants a market to the archbishop of Hamburg, 965 | 580 |
| 303. | Otto III grants a market to count Berthold, 999 | 581 |
| 304. | Merchants cannot be compelled to come to a market, 1236 | 581 |
| 305. | Market courts to be independent of local courts, 1218 | 582 |
| 306. | Otto I grants jurisdiction over a town to the abbots of New Corvey, 940 | 582 |
| 307. | The ban-mile, 1237 | 583 |
| 308. | Citizens of Cologne expel their archbishop, 1074 | 584 |
| 309. | People of Cologne rebel against their archbishop, 1074 | 585 |
| 310. | Confirmation of the “immediateness” of the citizens of Speyer, 1267 | 586 |
| 311. | Summons to an imperial city to attend a diet, 1338 | 587 |
| 312. | Grant of municipal freedom to a town, 1201 | 587 |
| 313. | Extension of the corporate limits of the city of Brunswick, 1269 | 588 |
| 314. | Decision of the diet about city councils in cathedral towns, 1218 | 589 |
| 315. | Frederick II forbids municipal freedom, 1231–32 | 590 |
| 316. | Breslau adopts the charter of Magdeburg, 1261 | 592 |
| 317. | The Schoeffen of Magdeburg give decisions for Culm, 1338 | 602 |
| 318. | Establishment of the Rhine league, 1254 | 604 |
| 319. | Peace established by the Rhine league, 1254 | 606 |
| 320. | Agreement between Hamburg and Lübeck, ca. 1230 | 609 |
| 321. | Agreement between Hamburg and Lübeck, 1241 | 610 |
| 322. | Lübeck, Rostock, and Wismar proscribe pirates, 1259 | 610 |
| 323. | Decrees of the Hanseatic league, 1260–64 | 611 |
| 324. | Decrees of the Hanseatic league, 1265 | 612 |
| 325. | Henry II grants Cologne merchants privileges in London, 1157 | 612 |
| Bibliography | 613 |
| Glossary | 615 |