Chronological Table of Rulers, 1792-1913
The First Republic
1792. The Convention.
1795. The Directory
1799. The Consulate
The First Empire
1804 Napoleon I
Restoration of the Bourbons
1814 Louis XVIII
“The Hundred Days”
1815. Napoleon I
The Second Restoration of the Bourbons
1815. Louis XVIII
1824. Charles X
1830. Louis Philippe
The Second Republic
1848. Louis Napoleon, President
The Second Empire
1852. Napoleon III
The Third Republic
1870. Provisional Government
1871. M. Thiers, President
1873. Marshal MacMahon
1879. M. Grévy
1885. M. Grévy
1887. M. Carnot
1894. Casimir Périer
1895. Félix Faure
1899. Emile Loubet
1906. Armand Fallières
1913. Raymond Poincaré
Footnotes
1 Paraphrased by James Ravenel Smith.
2 See illustration opposite page 116.
3 From Longfellow’s “Poetry of Europe.”
4 Translated by Louisa Stuart Costello.
5 See Chapter VII.
7 Since then the Archbishop of Paris has lived near the Invalides.
9 See plan, Chapter XXII.
10 Sole rulers in italics.
11 Louis V left no children. The crown should have gone to his uncle, Charles, Duke of Lorraine, but the nobles elected Hugh Capet to be king (987).
12 See Chronological Table of Rulers, page 394.