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The Complete Servant

by Samuel and Sarah Adams

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Appendix

MARKETING TABLES,

BY THE POUND, YARD, STONE, &c.

Table I. From Five-farthings to Two-pence three-farthings per
pound, yard, &c.
No.1¼d.1½d.1¾d.2d.2¼d.2½d.2¾d.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
10 1¼0 1½0 1¾0 20 2¼0 2½0 2¾
20 2½0 30 3½0 40 4½0 50 5½
30 3¾0 4½0 5¼0 60 6¾0 7½0 8¼
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11
50 6¼0 7½0 8¾0 100 11¼1 0½1 1¾
60 7½0 90 10½1 01 1½1 31 4½
70 8¾0 10½1 0¼1 21 3¾1 5½1 7¼
80 101 01 21 41 61 81 10
90 11¼1 1½1 3¾1 61 8¼1 10½2 0¾
101 0½1 31 5½1 81 10½2 12 3½
111 1¾1 4½1 7¼1 102 0¾2 3½2 6¼
121 31 61 92 02 32 62 9
131 4¼1 7½1 10¾2 22 5¼2 8½2 11¾
141 5½1 92 0½2 42 7½2 113 2½
151 6¾1 10½2 2¼2 62 9¾3 1½3 5¼
161 82 02 42 83 03 43 8
171 9¼2 1½2 5¾2 103 2¼3 6½3 10¾
181 10½2 32 7½3 03 4½3 94 1½
191 11¾2 4½2 9¼3 23 6¾3 11½4 4¼
202 12 62 113 43 94 24 7
212 2¼2 7½3 0¾3 63 11¼4 4½4 9¾
222 3½2 93 2½3 84 1½4 75 0½
232 4¾2 10½3 4¼3 104 3¾4 9½5 3¼
242 63 03 64 04 65 05 6
252 7¼3 1½3 7¾4 24 8¼5 2½5 8¾
262 8½3 33 9½4 44 10½5 55 11½
272 9¾3 4½3 11¼4 65 0¾5 7½6 2¼
*282 113 64 14 85 35 106 5
†424 4½5 36 1½7 07 10½8 99 7½
‡565 107 08 29 410 611 812 10
§848 910 612 314 015 917 619 3
‖11211 814 016 418 821 023 425 8
* A quarter of a hundred weight, or 2 stones.
† Three stones.
‡ Half a hundred weight, or 4 stones.
§ Three quarters of a hundred weight, or 6 stones.
‖ One hundred weight, or 8 stones.
Table II. From Three-pence to Five-pence per pound, yard, &c.
No.3d.3¼d.3½d.3¾d.4d.4½d.5d.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
10 30 3¼0 3½0 3¾0 40 4½0 5
20 60 6½0 70 7½0 80 90 10
30 90 9¾0 10½0 11¼1 01 1½1 3
41 01 11 21 31 41 61 8
51 31 4¼1 5½1 6¾1 81 10½2 1
61 61 7½1 91 10½2 02 32 6
71 91 10¾2 0½2 2¼2 42 7½2 11
82 02 22 42 62 83 03 4
92 32 5¼2 7½2 9¾3 03 4½3 9
102 62 8½2 113 1½3 43 94 2
112 92 11¾3 2½3 5¼3 84 1½4 7
123 03 33 63 94 04 65 0
133 33 6¼3 9½4 0¾4 44 10½5 5
143 63 9½4 14 4½4 85 35 10
153 94 0¾4 4½4 8¼5 05 7½6 3
164 04 44 85 05 46 06 8
174 34 7¼4 11½5 3¾5 86 4½7 1
184 64 10½5 35 7½6 06 97 6
194 95 1¾5 6½5 11¼6 47 1½7 11
205 05 55 106 36 87 68 4
215 35 8¼6 1½6 6¾7 07 10½8 9
225 65 11½6 56 10½7 48 39 2
235 96 2¾6 8½7 2¼7 88 7½9 7
246 06 67 07 68 09 010 0
256 36 9¼7 3½7 9¾8 49 4½10 5
266 67 0½7 78 1½8 89 910 10
276 97 3¾7 10½8 5¼9 010 1½11 3
*287 07 78 28 99 410 611 8
†4210 611 4½12 313 1½14 015 917 6
‡5614 015 216 417 618 821 023 4
§8421 022 924 626 328 031 635 0
‖11228 030 432 835 037 442 046 8
Tab. III. From Fivepence-halfpenny to Eightpence-halfpenny.
No.5½d.6d.6½d.7d.7½d.8d.8½d.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
10 5½0 60 6½0 70 7½0 80 8½
20 111 01 11 21 31 41 5
31 4½1 61 7½1 91 10½2 02 1½
41 102 02 22 42 62 82 10
52 3½2 62 8½2 113 1½3 43 6½
62 93 03 33 63 94 04 3
73 2½3 63 9½4 14 4½4 84 11½
83 84 04 44 85 05 45 8
94 1½4 64 10½5 35 7½6 06 4½
104 75 05 55 106 36 87 1
115 0½5 65 11½6 56 10½7 47 9½
125 66 06 67 07 68 08 6
135 11½6 67 0½7 78 1½8 89 2½
146 57 07 78 28 99 45 11
156 10½7 68 1½8 99 4½10 010 7½
167 48 08 89 410 010 811 4
177 9½8 69 2½9 1110 7½11 412 0½
188 39 09 910 611 312 012 9
198 8½9 610 3½11 111 10½12 813 5½
209 210 010 1011 812 613 414 2
219 7½10 611 4½12 313 1½14 014 10½
2210 111 011 1112 1013 914 815 7
2310 6½11 612 5½13 514 4½15 416 3½
2411 012 013 014 015 016 017 0
2511 5½12 613 6½14 715 7½16 817 8½
2611 1113 014 115 216 317 418 5
2712 4½13 614 7½15 916 10½18 019 1½
*2812 1014 015 216 417 618 819 10
†4219 321 022 924 626 328 029 9
‡5625 828 030 432 835 037 439 8
§8438 642 045 649 052 656 059 6
‖11251 456 060 865 470 074 879 4
Table IV. From Nine-pence to One Shilling per pound, yard, &c.
No.9d.9½d.10d.10½d.11d.11½d.12d.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
10 90 9½0 100 10½0 110 11½1 0
21 61 71 81 91 101 112 0
32 32 4½2 62 7½2 92 10½3 0
43 03 23 43 63 83 104 0
53 93 11½4 24 4½4 74 9½5 0
64 64 95 05 35 65 96 0
75 35 6½5 106 1½6 56 8½7 0
86 06 46 87 07 47 88 0
96 97 1½7 67 10½8 38 7½9 0
107 67 118 48 99 29 710 0
118 38 8½9 29 7½10 110 6½11 0
129 09 610 010 611 011 612 0
139 910 3½10 1011 4½11 1112 5½13 0
1410 611 111 812 312 1013 514 0
1511 311 10½12 613 1½13 914 4½15 0
1612 012 813 414 014 815 416 0
1712 913 5½14 214 10½15 716 3½17 0
1813 614 315 015 916 617 318 0
1914 315 0½15 1016 7½17 518 2½19 0
2015 015 1016 817 618 419 220 0
2115 916 7½17 618 4½19 320 1½21 0
2216 617 518 419 320 221 122 0
2317 318 2½19 220 1½21 122 0½23 0
2418 019 020 021 022 023 024 0
2518 919 9½20 1021 10½22 1123 11½25 0
2619 620 721 822 923 1024 1126 0
2720 321 4½22 623 7½24 925 10½27 0
*2821 022 223 424 625 826 1028 0
†4231 633 335 036 938 640 342 0
‡5642 044 446 849 051 453 856 0
§8463 066 670 073 677 080 684 0
‖11284 088 893 498 0102 8107 4112 0

The figures in the first column of each table denote the number of pounds, yards, &.; and the money columns are headed with the respective prices of the article. So, if you want to know what 19 lbs. of beef come to at 5½d. per lb. look for the column headed 5½d. (Table III.) and opposite to 19 in the first column, under that head you will find 8s. 8½d., which is the amount. In this manner the price of any quantity of goods, at any price, may be instantly ascertained.

A TABLE OF WAGES OR INCOME,

Shewing, at one View, the amount of any INCOME, SALARY, or WAGES, from One Pound to Five Hundred Pounds per annum, by the Calendar Month, Week, or Day.

Per Yr. Per Mon.Per WeekA DayPer Yr. Per Mon.Per WeekA Day
l.s. l.s.d.l.s.d.l. s.d.l.s. l.s.d.l.s.d.l.s.d.
10is018004½0 00¾1111is0193045¼007½
110..0260070 01120..100047½008
20..034009¼0 01¼1212..1100410008¼
22..036009¾0 01½130..118050008½
210..0420011½0 01¾1313..129053009
30..050011¾0 02140..134054½009¼
33..053012½0 021414..146058009¾
310..0510014¼0 02¼150..1500590010
40..068016½0 02¾1515..163060½0010¼
44..070017½0 02¾160..1680620010½
410..076018¾0 031616..180065½0011
50..08401110 03¼170..184066½0011¼
55..089020¼0 03½1717..1990610½0011¾
510..092021½0 03¾180..110006110011¾
60..0100023¾0 041818..1116073010½
66..01060250 04¼190..1118073½010½
610..010100260 04¼200..1134078011¼
70..0118028¼0 04½300..21000116017¾
77..012302100 04¾400..3680154½022¼
710..01260210½0 05500..4340193029
80..01340310 05¼600..500130¾033½
88..0140032¾0 05½700..516816110310
810..0142033¼0 05½800..61341109044½
90..0150035½0 06900..71001147¼0411
99..0159037½0 06¼1000..8681185½055¾
100..016803100 06½2000 161343161101011½
1010..0176040½0 072500 2016841620138½
110..01840430 07¼5000 411349123½175¾

Explanation.—The Wages by the Year is given in the first Column, and opposite to it is the amount for a Calendar Month, a Week, or a Day, at that rate.

N.B. This Table also gives the rate of Income, and of Expenses of any kind, by the Year, Month, Week, or Day; and the contrary.

A TABLE OF INTEREST, AT FOUR PER CENT.
From One Day to One Hundred Days, inclusive.
Days100l.90l.80l.70l.60l.50l.40l.30l.20l.10l.9l.8l.7l.6l.5l.4l.3l.2l.1l.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.d.d.d.d.
10022 019 817 615 413 211 08 106 64 42 22 01 101 61 41 210862
9019 917 915 913 1011 109 107 115 113 112 01 91 71 51 21 09752
8017 615 914 012 310 68 97 05 33 61 91 71 51 31 10 118642
7015 413 1012 310 99 27 86 24 73 11 61 51 31 10 110 97642
6013 211 1010 69 29 116 75 33 112 81 41 21 10 110 90 86532
5011 09 108 97 86 75 64 53 32 21 11 00 110 90 80 75431
408 97 117 06 25 34 53 62 81 90 110 90 80 70 60 54321
306 75 115 34 73 113 32 82 01 40 80 70 60 60 50 43221
204 53 113 63 12 82 21 91 40 110 50 50 40 40 30 32211
102 22 01 91 61 41 10 110 80 50 30 20 20 20 20 11110
92 01 91 71 51 21 00 90 70 50 20 20 20 20 10 11100
81 91 71 51 31 10 110 80 60 40 20 20 20 10 10 11100
71 61 51 31 10 110 90 70 60 40 20 20 10 10 10 11100
61 41 21 10 110 90 80 60 50 30 20 10 10 10 10 11000
51 11 00 110 90 80 70 50 40 30 10 10 10 10 10 11000
40 110 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 10000
30 80 70 60 60 50 40 30 20 20 10 10 10 10 00 00000
20 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 00 00 00 00 00000
10 30 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 00 00 00 00 00 00000
No notice is taken of the fractional part of any sum under a halfpenny; but a halfpenny, or three farthings, is called a penny.
A TABLE OF INTEREST, AT FIVE PER CENT.
From One Day to One Hundred Days, inclusive.
Days100l.90l.80l.70l.60l.50l.40l.30l.20l.10l.9l.8l.7l.6l.5l.4l.3l.2l.1l.
l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.d.d.d.d.
1001 7 41 4 81 2 019 216 413 811 08 25 62 82 62 21 101 81 41 21064
901 4 81 2 20 19 917 314 1012 49 107 54 112 62 32 01 91 61 31 0963
801 1 110 19 90 17 615 413 211 08 96 74 52 21 111 91 61 41 10 11853
700 19 20 17 30 15 413 511 69 77 85 93 101 111 91 61 41 21 00 9752
600 16 50 14 90 13 211 69 108 36 74 113 31 81 61 41 21 00 100 8642
500 13 80 12 40 11 09 78 26 105 64 12 91 41 31 10 110 100 80 7532
400 11 00 9 100 8 97 86 75 64 53 32 21 11 00 110 90 80 70 5431
300 8 30 7 50 6 75 94 114 13 32 61 80 100 90 80 70 60 50 4321
200 5 60 4 110 4 53 103 32 92 21 81 10 70 60 50 50 40 30 3211
100 2 90 2 60 2 21 111 81 41 10 100 70 30 30 30 20 20 20 1110
90 2 60 2 30 1 111 91 61 31 00 90 60 30 30 20 20 20 10 1110
80 2 20 2 00 1 91 61 41 10 110 80 50 30 20 20 20 20 10 1100
70 1 110 1 90 1 61 41 21 00 90 70 50 20 20 20 20 10 10 1100
60 1 80 1 60 1 41 21 00 100 80 60 40 20 20 20 10 10 10 1100
50 1 40 1 30 1 11 00 100 80 70 50 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 1000
40 1 10 1 00 0 110 90 80 70 50 40 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 1000
30 0 100 0 90 0 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 10 10 10 00 0000
20 0 70 0 60 0 50 50 40 30 30 20 10 10 10 00 00 00 00 0000
10 0 30 0 30 0 30 20 20 20 20 10 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000
No notice is taken of the fractional part of any sum under a halfpenny; but a halfpenny, or three farthings, is called a penny.
EXPENSE OF POSTING FOR A POST-CHAISE AND A PAIR OF HORSES,
From One Shilling to Two Shillings per Mile.
Miles.12d.13d.14d.15d.16d.17d.18d.1s. 9d.2s.
——————s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
Five5 05 55 106 36 87 17 68 910 0
Six6 06 67 07 68 08 69 010 612 0
Seven7 07 78 28 99 49 1110 612 314 0
Eight8 08 89 410 010 811 412 014 016 0
Nine9 09 910 611 312 012 913 615 918 0
Ten10 010 1011 812 613 414 215 017 620 0
Eleven11 011 1112 1013 914 815 716 619 322 0
Twelve12 013 014 015 016 017 018 021 024 0
Thirteen13 014 115 216 317 418 519 622 926 0
Fourteen14 015 216 417 618 819 1021 024 628 0
Fifteen15 016 317 618 920 021 322 626 330 0
Sixteen16 017 418 820 021 422 824 028 032 0
Seventeen17 018 519 1021 322 824 125 629 934 0
Eighteen18 019 621 022 624 025 627 031 636 0
Nineteen19 020 722 223 925 426 1128 633 338 0
Twenty20 021 823 425 026 828 430 035 040 0
Note—Two pairs of horses are charged double, and a single horse at half the price of a pair.

LAWS

RESPECTING MASTERS AND SERVANTS IN GENERAL.

The nature of the contract between Masters and Servants, is simple, and may be clearly defined by the existing laws; of which the following are the most material points; and ought to be well understood, both by masters and servants.

Hiring Servants.

The contract between a master and his domestic servant is called the Hiring, and may be made either in writing, or by verbal agreement; but, in the latter case, there should be a witness.

General Hiring.

If the hiring of a servant be general, without any particular time specified, the law construes it to be a hiring for a year certain. But, before the expiration of the year, three months’ notice, at least, must be given by either party, or the service is continued for another year, and so on; as under a general hiring, the servant can never become a servant at will.

Particular Hiring.

In London, and other great towns, the common mode of hiring is by a month’s warning, or a month’s wages; that is, the parties agree to separate on either of them giving to the other a month’s notice of his intention; or, in lieu of that, the party requiring the separation is to pay or give up a month’s wages: and this kind of hiring is sanctioned by law. But the contract may be made for any longer or shorter time; 5 Eliz. c. 4.

A yearly Servant is intitled to his Wages for the time of actual Service.

If a servant be hired in a general way, he is considered as hired with reference to the general understanding on the subject, and shall be entitled to his wages for the time he has served, though he do not continue in the service during the whole year; and if he die before the end of the year, his representatives will be entitled to so much wages as was due to him at the time of his death.

Of Discharging Servants.

A yearly servant cannot leave his place, nor be discharged, without a quarter’s warning, or wages, under the penalty of 40s.

If a servant be hired for a year certain, or for any indefinite time, which is construed in law, to be for a year, his master cannot discharge him either before, or at the end of the term, nor afterwards, without giving a quarter of a year’s previous warning, before a witness;—unless for some cause which shall be deemed sufficient by a magistrate, under the forfeiture of 40s.

And, as a master cannot discharge a yearly servant without a quarter’s warning, given previous to the expiration of the year; neither can a servant leave his place without a similar notice, under pain of imprisonment, and of losing all his wages.

A servant leaving his place without giving regular notice, or neglecting his master’s business, or disobeying his orders, (which is considered as a departure from his service,) or being guilty of any other misconduct, may be punished by three months’ imprisonment, or in lieu thereof, with the loss of a part or the whole of his wages, at the discretion of a justice.

The Parties may part by mutual consent.

A master and his servant may part by mutual consent, without any forfeiture on either part;—or, for a cause to be allowed by a justice.

A Servant may be discharged for any moral Crime.

If a servant be guilty of any moral infamy whilst in his master’s service, he may discharge him without application to a justice.

Also, if he be taken into custody for any offence, and legally detained, so that he cannot attend to his duties, the master is authorized to discharge him. But, if the offence of which the servant is accused was committed before the time of hiring, the master cannot discharge him without the order of a justice.

A yearly Servant cannot be discharged for any act of God.

A master cannot discharge his yearly servant within the year, by reason of illness, or of any hurt by which he may be disabled from doing his usual business, nor even for insanity, without an order from a justice; nor can his wages be abated for such reason.

A Servant may be discharged by a Justice if his Wages be not paid, or sufficient Maintenance be denied him.

The master detaining a servant’s wages, or not allowing him sufficient meat and drink, or otherwise ill-treating him, is a good cause for a servant’s leaving his place; but it must be allowed by a justice.

Punishment for insolence after Warning given.

If, after warning given, a servant is insolent, or refuses to do his duty, a magistrate may commit him to prison for the time he has to serve; but the master must pay him his wages whilst there.

Punishment for an assault on the Master or Mistress.

If a servant assault his master or mistress, or any other person having charge over him, he may be bound to his good behaviour; or be committed to prison, for a year or less, at the discretion of two magistrates.

Agreement by a Servant under age not to operate against him.

No agreement made by a servant, with his master, whilst he is under the age of 21 years, can be made to operate against him.

A married Woman must serve her term.

A woman who is married, or shall marry during her servitude, must, in either case, serve out her time; nor can her husband take her out of her master’s service.

A Woman with Child may be discharged by a Justice.

Should a woman with child be hired for a term, and her master knew not of it, or should she prove with child during her servitude, he may discharge her, with the concurrence of a magistrate.

But if, when he knows it, he does not discharge her before a magistrate, but keeps her on, he must provide for her till her delivery, and for one month after; when she is to be sent to her place of settlement.

Servants must go to Church.

Masters can insist on their servants going to church; and every person whose servant shall be absent from church, for one month, at a time, without a reasonable excuse, forfeits 10l. for every month he so keeps that servant.

Punishment for gaming.

A servant gaming at a public house, with cards, dice, draughts, or at any game, is liable to be taken before a magistrate, and fined from 5s. to 20s. one-fourth of which goes to the informer; and he may be committed to hard labour for a month, or till the penalty is paid.

Punishment for getting Drunk.

Every person convicted of having been drunk, within six months previous to the information, before one justice, on the oath of one witness, forfeits 5s. for the first offence, or may be set in the stocks six hours; and for the second offence must give good security not to offend again.

Punishment for Cursing and Swearing.

Any servant who may be convicted of cursing and swearing, within eight days of the offence, before one justice, shall forfeit 1s. for the first offence; 2s. for the second; and 3s. for the third; or be committed to hard labour for ten days.

The Interest a Master has in his Servant.

The master can maintain an action for injury done to his servant; or for enticing him away, or for detaining him.

From the interest that a master acquires in his servant, by reason of the wages he pays him, if the servant be maimed or disabled in his master’s service through the fault of another, the master may recover from that other, for loss of his service. Also, for this reason, a man may maintain an action against another for enticing away his servant; or for detaining him after demanded;—or for retaining him with a knowledge of his having left him clandestinely: for this latter offence an action is maintainable against the servant also, or against both.

A Master may protect his Servant, and may assist him to prosecute a Stranger.

A master may be justified in assaulting another in protection of his servant; or, he may assist his servant in supporting the expense of an action at law against a stranger; though in general it is deemed an offence against public justice to encourage animosities by such assistance.

A Servant is bound to defend his Master.

The master may demand the aid of his servant, and the servant may stand up in his master’s or mistress’s defence without being liable to punishment.

The Master is liable for the Acts of his Servant.

The acts of servants are, in most instances, deemed the acts of their masters. In fact, every man ought to transact his own business; and though by the indulgence of the law, he can delegate the power of acting for him to another, yet, it is with reason, that the acts of his substitute, being pursuant to his authority, should be considered as the acts of himself. It is, therefore, a rule of law, that whatever trespass a servant commits by the order, encouragement, or with the tacit consent of his master, the master shall be answerable for it. Generally, a master is responsible for all acts done by his servant in the course of his ordinary and proper business, even though he has given him no express commands. The master is also liable for any fault or neglect of his servant whilst executing his lawful commands. But, in all such inexcusable cases, the servant is punishable by the criminal laws, and is also liable to civil actions.

Servants not answerable but for wilful Neglect, or Fraud.

A servant cannot be made answerable to his master for any loss that may happen without his wilful neglect; but if he be guilty of fraud or gross negligence, an action will lie against him by his master. Therefore, if a master give money or other thing to a servant to carry to a certain place, and he is robbed, the servant is not answerable.—But if it be lost through his neglect he is punishable.

Servants setting fire to a House.

A servant negligently setting fire to a house, shall, on the oath of one witness, be made to pay one hundred pounds, to be distributed among the sufferers; or be committed to hard labour, in prison, for eighteen months.

Embezzlement of a Master’s property is Felony.

If money, goods, bills, bonds, notes, bankers’-drafts, or other valuable security, or effects, be delivered to a servant, or clerk, to keep, and he go away with them, or embezzle, secrete, or otherwise convert either, or any of them, to his own use, it is felony; if he be more than 18 years of age.

If any servant shall purloin, or make away with his master’s goods to the value of 40s. it is felony, and he shall, himself, his aider, or abettor, on conviction, be transported for 14 years. Or, if a master deliver the key of a room to a servant, and he steal therein to the amount of 12d. it is felony.

Servants pawning their Master’s property.

Servants pawning their master’s goods without orders, shall forfeit 40s. and the value of the goods so pawned; or be sent to the House of Correction for three months, and be publickly whipped.

Mode of settling disputes for Wages, and other matters.

Disputes with servants for wages under 10l. a year, and other matters, may be referred to a magistrate, who is authorized to redress such complaints. But magistrates in the metropolis can take no cognizance of the wages of coachmen, grooms, &c. as they come within the jurisdiction of the Commissioners of Hackney-Coaches, &c.

OF FALSE CHARACTERS.

Punishment for bringing false Characters.

If any person shall falsely personate any master or mistress, or his or her representative, and shall either verbally or in writing, give a false, forged, or counterfeit character to any person, offering him or herself to be hired as a servant; or, if any person shall pretend or assert, in writing, that any servant had been hired for any period of time, or in any station whatsoever, other than the true one, or that he was discharged, or left his service; or that such servant had not been hired in any previous service contrary to the truth.-Or, if any person shall offer him or herself as a servant, pretending that he hath served in any service, in which he hath not served; or with a false, forged, or counterfeit certificate of character; or shall in anywise add to, or alter, efface, or erase any word, date, matter, or thing, in any certificate given to him by his last or former actual master, or person authorized by him; or, if any person, having before been in service, shall, when offering himself to hire, falsely pretend not to have been hired in any former service; such person convicted of any, or either, of these offences, by the oath of one witness, (the informer to be deemed a competent witness,) before two justices, shall forfeit 20l. one half to go to the informer, and the other half to the poor of the parish, together with 10s. the costs of conviction; or on failure, be committed to hard labour in the House of Correction, for not less than one month, nor more than three, or, till the penalty and costs be paid.

And, if any servant so offending, shall give information against any accomplice, so that he be convicted, such servant shall be acquitted.

No Action will lie against a Master for a bad Character unless it be maliciously given.

No action can be maintained by a servant against his former master for a bad character, given either verbally or in writing, unless it can be proved that the character given was not only false but malicious.

HACKNEY COACH FARES.

s. d.s. d.
Not exceeding one mile...1 0Seven miles...8 6
One mile and a half...1 6Seven miles and a half...9 0
Two miles...2 0Eight miles...9 6
Two miles and a half...3 0Eight miles and a half...10 6
Three miles...3 6Nine miles...11 0
Three miles and a half...4 0Nine miles and a half...11 6
Four miles...4 6Ten miles...12 0
Four miles and a half...5 6Ten miles and a half...13 0
Five miles...6 0Eleven miles...13 6
Five miles and a half...6 6Eleven miles and a half...14 0
Six miles...7 0Twelve miles...15 0
Six miles and a half...8 0
And so on at the rate of 6d. for every half mile, and an additional
6d. for every two miles completed.
s. d.
Not exceeding thirty minutes...1 0
Forty-five minutes...1 6
One hour...2 0
One hour and twenty minutes...3 0
One hour and forty minutes...4 0
Two hours...5 0
Not exceeding two hours and twenty minutes...6 0
Two hours and forty minutes...7 0
Three hours...8 0
Three hours and twenty minutes...9 0
Three hours and forty minutes...10 0
Four hours...11 0
And so on at the rate of sixpence for every fifteen minutes
further time.

The Commissioners’ List for Regulating the Price and Measurement of One Shilling, Eighteen-penny, and Two Shilling Fares, according to the late Act of Parliament.

ONE SHILLING FARES.
The distance not exceeding one mile.
Palace Yard, Westminster.m. f. p.
First coach, to the end of Catherine Street, Strand0 7 28
Ditto, to Derby Court, Piccadilly0 7 26
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to White Horse Street, Piccadilly0 7 27
Ditto, to Serjeant’s Inn, Fleet Street0 7 22
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Watling Street, St. Paul’s0 7 33
Temple Bar.
To the second Scotland Yard, Whitehall0 7 21
Ditto, to Mercer’s Chapel, Cheapside0 7 30
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to St. Peter’s Church, Cornhill0 7 34
Ditto, to Newcastle Street, Strand0 7 26
St. Paul’s Church-yard.
First coach, to Beaufort Buildings, Strand0 7 25
Ditto, to Billiter Lane, Leadenhall Street0 7 26
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to Featherstone Buildings, Holborn0 7 29
Ditto, to Whitechapel Bars0 7 30
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to Great Garden}
Street, Whitechapel0 7 27
Ditto, to Water Lane, Fleet Street0 7 32
Ditto, to Hatton Garden, Holborn0 7 33
Whitechapel.
First coach, next the Three Nuns, to Cheapside conduit0 7 28
Ditto, to the Old ’Change, Cheapside0 7 22
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to the Royal Exchange0 7 33
The end of Red Lion Street, to Buckingham St., Strand0 7 30
Oxford Street.
The end of Rathbone Place, to Orchard Street0 7 16
Ditto, to Gray’s Inn Gate, Holborn0 7 20
The end of Park Street, to Dean Street, Holborn0 7 26
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Panton Street, Haymarket0 7 32
The end of St. James’s Street, to Cecil Street, Strand0 7 28
King Street, Cheapside.
Gatestone Street, to St. Dunstan’s Church, Fleet Street0 7 32
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to Bread Street, Cheapside0 7 29
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to the Treasury, Whitehall0 7 17
EIGHTEEN-PENNY FARES.
The distance not exceeding one mile and a half.
Palace Yard, Westminster.m. f. p.
First coach, to Serjeant’s Inn, Fleet Street1 3 15
Ditto, to White Horse Street, Piccadilly1 3 21
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to the end of Grosvenor Place, Hyde}
Park Corner1 3 19
Ditto, to Watling Street, St. Paul’s Church Yard1 3 28
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Bank Street, Cornhill1 3 30
Temple Bar.
To Little Abingdon Buildings, Westminster1 3 19
To Billiter Lane, Leadenhall Street1 3 31
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to Somerset Street, Whitechapel1 3 27
Ditto, to Downing Street, Parliament Street1 3 26
St. Paul’s Church Yard.
First coach, to the end of Pall Mall, Cockspur Street1 3 35
Ditto, Brick Lane, Whitechapel1 3 31
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to Dyot Street, St. Giles’s1 3 29
Ditto, to Whitechapel Workhouse1 3 27
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to Dog-row, Mile-end1 3 21
The centre of the R. Exchange, to Somerset-place, Strand1 3 26
Ditto, to the Bull and Gate, Holborn1 3 26
Whitechapel.
First coach, next the Three Nuns, to Ely Place, Holborn1 3 31
Ditto, to Salisbury Court, Fleet Street1 3 32
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to Houndsditch, Whitechapel1 3 28
The end of Southampton Buildings, to the Treasury,}
Whitehall1 3 28
Ditto, to St. Mary Axe, Leadenhall Street1 3 27
The end of Red Lion St. to Downing St., Westminster1 3 27
Oxford Road.
The end of Bond Street, to Brownlow Street, Holborn1 3 29
The end of Park Street, to opposite the Coal Yard,}
High Holborn1 3 30
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Adam Street, Strand1 3 29
Ditto, to Whitehall Chapel1 3 20
The end of St. James’s St. to Temple Lane, Fleet St.1 3 28
Tower.
First coach, to Fetter Lane, Fleet Street1 3 21
King Street, Cheapside.
Cateaton Street, to Burleigh Street, Strand1 3 22
Ditto, to Newton Street, Holborn1 3 30
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to opposite Leadenhall Market1 3 31
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to Bedford Street, Strand1 3 2
TWO SHILLING FARES.
The distance not exceeding two miles.
Palace Yard, Westminster.m. f. p.
First coach, to the end of Watling Street, St. Paul’s}
Church Yard1 7 32
Ditto, to opposite the Horse Guards at Knightsbridge1 7 25
Whitehall.
From the Horse Guards, to Mercer’s Chapel, Cheapside1 7 28
Ditto, to Bear Court, Knightsbridge1 7 28
Charing Cross.
The Golden Cross, to Smith’s Manufactory, Knightsbridge1 7 4
Ditto, to Bank Street, Cornhill1 7 27
Strand.
Catherine Street, to Poor Jewry, Aldgate1 7 30
Temple Bar.
To the end of Millbank Street, Westminster1 6 13
To the Red Lion and Spread Eagle, Whitechapel1 7 16
Bridge Street, Fleet Street.
First coach, to New Road, Whitechapel Road1 7 32
Ditto, to the turning to Queen Square, Westminster1 7 33
St. Paul’s Church Yard.
First coach, to St. James’s Palace Gate1 6 25
Ditto, to the sign of the London Hospital1 7 3
Cheapside.
Gutter Lane, to the end of Poland Street, Oxford Street1 7 34
Ditto, to the end of Mutton Lane, Mile-End Road1 7 26
Cornhill.
The centre of the Royal Exchange, to the Rose and}
Crown, Mile-End Road1 7 30
Ditto, to the end of St. Martin’s Lane, Strand1 7 21
Ditto, to the end of Denmark Street, St. Giles’s1 7 21
Whitechapel.
First coach, next to the Three Nuns, to the Bull and}
Gate, Holborn1 7 33
First coach next to the Three Nuns, to Somerset House1 7 33
King’s Road, Gray’s Inn Lane.
First coach, to the Blue Bear, Whitechapel1 7 20
Ditto, to Park Street, Oxford Road1 7 27
Holborn.
The end of Hatton Garden, to the end of Garden Street,}
Whitechapel Road1 7 25
Ditto, to the end of Duke Street, Oxford Road1 7 31
The end of Red Lion Street, to the King’s Head, Lambeth}
Marsh1 7 33
The Vine Tavern, to the end of Poor Jewry, Aldgate1 7 30
Oxford Street.
The end of Rathbone Place, to the end of Bigg’s Lane,}
in the road to Bayswater1 7 19
Ditto, to the end of the Old Jewry, Poultry1 7 31
The end of Bond Street, to the end of Cow Lane,}
Snow Hill1 7 26
The end of Park Street, to Gray’s Inn Gate, Holborn1 7 25
Piccadilly.
The Golden Lion, to Palsgrave Head Court, Temple Bar1 7 28
Ditto, to the end of Wood Street, Millbank Street,}
Westminster1 7 33
End of St. James’s Street, to the first coach in St.}
Paul’s Church Yard1 7 28
Tower.
To the centre of Exeter ’Change, Strand1 7 31
King Street, Cheapside.
Cateaton St. to the end of Suffolk Street, Cockspur St.1 7 25
Ditto, to the Boar and Castle, Oxford Road1 7 15
Clerkenwell.
Opposite the Close, to the Talbot Inn, Whitechapel1 7 29
Buckingham Gate.
Opposite the Gate, to the end of Essex Street, Strand1 7 29
FARES FROM REMARKABLE PLACES.
Admiralty tos. d.Bishopsgate Street Within tos. d.
Islington Church...4 0Bermondsey Church...1 6
India House......3 0Charter-House Square...1 6
Mile-End Turnpike...4 6Catherine Street, Strand2 0
Ratcliffe......5 6City Lying-in Hospital...1 6
Shoreditch Church...4 0Chancery Lane......1 6
Tower.........3 6King’s Bench......1 6
Union Street, Borough...3 6Haymarket......3 0
Bank toBishopsgate Street Without to
Berkeley Square......3 6Bethnall Green......1 6
Haymarket......3 0Hatton Garden......1 6
Hyde Park Corner...4 0Charing Cross......3 0
Islington Church...3 0Haymarket......3 0
Piccadilly......3 0Leicester Square...3 0
Pantheon, Oxford Street...3 0Clerkenwell to
Ratcliffe......3 0Hyde Park Corner...4 0
Tyburn Gate......4 0Mile-End Gate......3 6
Berkeley Square toRatcliffe......4 0
Clerkenwell Green...3 6Shoreditch Church...3 0
Foundling Hospital...3 0Tyburn Gate......3 6
Guildhall......3 6Union Street, Borough...3 0
Islington Church...4 0Foundling Hospital to
India House......4 0Hyde Park Corner...3 6
Lincoln’s Inn (near side)...3 0India House......3 0
Mile-End Gate......5 6Mile-End Gate......4 0
Newgate......3 0Ratcliffe......5 6
Obelisk, Fleet Street...3 0Shoreditch Church...4 0
Ratcliffe......6 0Tower.........3 6
St. Paul’s (west end)...3 0Tyburn Gate......3 0
Shoreditch Church...4 6Union Street, Borough...3 6
Tower.........4 0Temple Bar......3 0
Union Street, Borough...4 6Tyburn......6 6
Guildhall toUnion Street, Borough...3 0
Haymarket......3 0
Hyde Park Corner...4 0Ratcliffe Cross to
Islington Church...3 0St. Paul’s (west end)...3 6
Piccadilly......3 0Shoreditch Church...3 6
Pantheon, Oxford Street...3 0Temple Bar......4 0
Tyburn......3 6Tyburn......6 6
Hyde Park Corner toUnion Street, Borough...3 0
Islington Church...5 6St. Ann’s Church, Dean St. to
India House......4 0Ratcliffe......4 6
Lincoln’s Inn (west side)...3 0Shoreditch Church...3 6
Mile-End Gate......6 0Bank.........3 0
Newgate......3 6Whitechapel......3 0
Obelisk, Fleet Street...3 0India House......3 0
Ratcliffe Cross......6 6Islington Church...4 0
St. Paul’s (west end)...3 6Mile-End Gate......4 6
Shoreditch Church...5 6Guildhall......3 0
Temple......3 0Union Street, Borough...3 0
Tower.........4 6Somerset House......1 6
Union Street, Borough...4 6Westminster Hall...1 0
Islington Church toTemple Bar......1 0
India House......3 6St. Paul’s......1 9
Lincoln’s Inn (west side)...3 0Stones-End, Borough...3 0
Mile-End Gate......4 6Tyburn Gate......1 0
Piccadilly......4 0Hyde Park......1 6
Haymarket......4 0Grosvenor Gate......1 6
Pantheon, Oxford Street...3 6Horse Guards......1 0
Ratcliffe Cross......5 6Marsh Gate......1 6
Temple Bar......3 6
Tower.........4 0From Paddington to
Tyburn Gate......4 6St. Paul’s......3 6
Union Street, Borough...4 0Bank.........4 0
India House toWestminster Hall...2 0
Piccadilly......3 6India House......4 6
Haymarket......3 6Islington Church...3 0
Pantheon......3 6Somerset House......3 0
Tyburn......4 0Union Street......4 6
Mile-End Turnpike toFoundling......3 0
Newgate......3 0Temple Bar...3 0
Obelisk, Fleet Street...3 0Horse Guards......2 0
Piccadilly......4 6Ratcliffe......5 6
Haymarket......4 6Tower.........5 6
Pantheon......4 6Aldersgate......3 0
Fares to the Opera House, Drury Lane, and Covent Garden Theatres.
FromOpera
House.		Drury Lane
Theatre.		Cov. Gar.
Theatre.
s. d.s. d.s. d.
Aldersgate Street3 02 02 0
Bishopsgate Street within3 02 02 0
Bishopsgate Street without3 03 03 0
Blackman Street, over London Bridge3 63 03 0
Ditto, over Blackfriars3 63 03 0
Ditto, over Westminster3 03 03 0
Bloomsbury Square1 61 01 0
Buckingham Gate1 62 02 0
Charing Cross1 01 01 0
Cheapside, Foster Lane end2 01 61 6
Cheapside, end of King Street2 01 62 0
Chelsea College3 03 63 0
Cornhill3 02 02 0
Fenchurch Street3 03 03 0
Fleet Street, Obelisk1 61 01 0
Gracechurch Street3 03 03 0
Hackney Church5 65 05 0
Holborn, end of Leather Lane1 61 01 0
Hyde Park Corner1 62 02 0
Islington3 03 03 0
Knightsbridge2 02 62 6
Mile-End Turnpike3 63 03 6
Minories3 03 03 0
Moorfields3 02 02 0
Oxford Street, Pantheon1 01 61 6
Oxford Street, end of Orchard Street1 62 02 0
Palace Yard and St. Margaret’s Church1 01 01 0
Ratcliffe Cross5 03 64 0
St. Anne’s Church, Soho1 01 01 0
St. James’s Palace Gate1 01 01 0
St. Paul’s Church Yard2 01 01 0
Shoreditch Church3 63 03 0
Smithfield2 01 61 6
Temple Bar1 01 01 0
Tottenham Ct. Road, end of Goodge St.1 61 01 0
Tower Gate3 03 03 0
Union Street, end of the Borough3 03 03 0
Whitechapel Bars.3 03 03 0
Fares to Vauxhall, Sadler’s Well’s, Astley’s, and the Circus.
FromVauxhall.Sad. Wells.Astley’s.Circus.
s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.
Aldersgate Street3 61 62 02 0
Arundel Street, Strand3 02 01 62 0
Bedford Street, Covent Garden3 03 01 62 0
Bishopsgate Street within3 03 03 02 0
Blackman Street, Borough2 03 01 61 0
Bloomsbury Square3 62 02 03 0
Bond Street, Piccadilly3 03 01 62 0
Buckingham Gate3 03 61 62 0
Charles Street, Covent Garden3 02 01 62 0
Cheapside, end of Foster Lane3 01 62 01 6
Chelsea College4 65 03 03 0
Cornhill, Freeman’s Court3 02 02 02 0
Fleet Street Obelisk3 01 62 01 6
Gracechurch Street3 62 02 02 0
Haymarket, Piccadilly end4 63 01 62 0
Holborn, end of King Street3 62 02 03 0
Hyde-park Corner5 03 62 03 0
Islington5 01 03 63 0
Leicester Square3 03 01 62 0
Mile-End Turnpike4 63 03 63 6
Minories3 63 03 03 0
Moorfields4 61 03 02 0
Newgate3 61 02 01 6
Oxford Street, end of Charles Street3 63 02 03 0
Oxford Street, Pantheon3 63 02 03 0
Oxford Street, Bond Street3 63 03 03 0
Ditto, Orchard Street4 03 63 03 6
Palace Yard, & St. Margaret’s Church3 03 61 01 6
Ratcliffe Cross5 63 64 63 6
St. Ann’s Church, Soho3 05 01 63 0
St. James’s Palace3 03 01 63 0
St. Paul’s Church Yard3 62 02 01 6
Shoreditch Church4 62 03 63 0
Smithfield3 61 03 02 0
Strand, Catherine Street3 03 01 62 0
Temple Bar3 62 02 02 0
Tottenham-Court Road, Goodge St.4 63 02 03 0
Tower Gate4 63 03 02 0
Union Street, Borough2 03 01 61 0
Whitechapel Bars4 03 03 02 0

Number of Passengers.—Coaches are not compellable to take more than four adults in the inside, and a servant out; but if the coachman agree to take more, the fare will be 1s. for each extra person, of whatever age he or she may be, not being a child in arms, or less; and if taken in the country, 1s. for going, and 1s. for returning.—Chariots are not compellable to take more than two adults or grown up persons, and children in arms or less, but if the coachman should agree to carry, or should actually carry, above that number, he shall be paid at the same rate as in the preceding article respecting coaches.

Abusive Language.—The drivers of coaches and carriers of chairs, on demanding more than their fare, or giving abusive language, are to forfeit not more than 5l., and in default of the payment, they are to be sent to the house of correction seven days.

Extortion.—Coachmen refusing to go on, or extorting more than their fare, are to forfeit not more than 3l., nor less than 10s. Not only commissioners, but also justices, may determine offences, and inflict punishments.

Returning from the Country.—Coaches hired to go into the country, in the day-time, are to have for their return empty, for ten miles 5s.; eight miles 4s.; six miles 3s.; and for four miles 2s.; but there is no allowance for less than four miles.

Obligation to go on.—They shall be compellable on every day, and at any hour of the night (unless they shall have been out twelve hours, or have other reasonable excuse), to go upon all turnpike roads, any where within two miles and a half from the end of the carriage-way pavement.

Tickets or Certificates.—By 54 Geo. III. c. 147, before any driver of a coach or chariot shall be entitled to receive the amount of his fare, he shall deliver as many tickets marked on some “one shilling,” and on others “one shilling and sixpence,” (and having his Majesty’s arms, with the words “Hackney-Coach Office,” the number of his coach and chariot, and dated,) as shall by the sums printed thereon, in the aggregate, make the full amount of such fare.

Option of Fares or Distance.—Fares to be calculated for time or distance, at the option of the coachman, and not by the day, as heretofore.

Time of Sunset.—As the period of sunset has been found constantly liable to dispute, it is therefore now regulated that the sunset hours shall be after eight in the evening between Lady-day and Michaelmas, and after five in the evening between Michaelmas and Lady-day; and the back-carriage after such hours shall be taken to the carriage-way pavement, or next standing beyond which the coach was hired from, (if hired at any stand off the pavement) at the full fare back to either, at the option of the party discharging.

Articles left in a Coach.—By a late Act, all parcels, &c. left in a hackney coach are to be taken to the Hackney-Coach Office, on pain of paying 20l.; to be recovered on application to the commissioners or a justice.

The coachman can demand his fare from the place he is taken from, either for time, if he be kept waiting, or for distance. He is to take the shortest way, and to charge accordingly; but if he, from choice or ignorance, does otherwise, he can make no extra charge.

The coachman may refuse to take heavy luggage, unless he be paid something more than the fare; but he must object to it before it be put into the coach; he cannot, however, object to take small trunks, or parcels that may be carried in the hand.

If a coach be drawn off the stand to the side of the pavement, the coachman may be made to go with you, if not hired, or if he refuses, he is liable to be fined.

Note—When a coach is intended to be kept waiting, notice should be taken of the time when it is called, in order to prevent disputes; and the coachman may demand a deposit.

Always take the number of the coach you hire, that, in case any thing be left in it, or the coachman conduct himself improperly, he may be summoned.

LAWS RESPECTING SEDAN CHAIRS.

By 7 Geo. III. 44, the following rates of fares are allowed to be taken by licensed hackney chairs; viz.

s. d.
For One Mile.................1 0
For One Mile and Four Furlongs1 6
For every Four Furlongs further0 6

By the time, for every hour one shilling and sixpence,
and for every half hour after sixpence.

LAWS RESPECTING PORTERAGE.

By 39 Geo. 3. c. 58, no more shall be taken for the porterage of packages, not exceeding 56 lbs. for any distance not exceeding half a mile from the end of the carriage-way pavement of the streets, than the rates following:

d.
Not exceeding 1 quarter of a mile3
Above 1 quarter, and not exceeding half a mile4
————— half a mile, and not exceeding one mile6
————— 1 mile, and not exceeding 1 mile and a half8
————— 1 mile and a half, and not exceeding 2 miles10
And for every other half mile3
On pain of a fine of not more than 20s. nor less than 5s.

Tickets are to be delivered from the inn with the name of the porter and charge for porterage, on pain of a fine of not more than 40s. nor less than 5s. Porters not bringing tickets, or altering the same, forfeit 40s. For demanding or receiving more than marked, 20s. Parcels brought by coaches, are to be sent from the inn within six hours after their arrival, unless between four and seven in the evening; and then within six hours after such hours in the morning; on pain of a fine not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Parcels brought by waggon, are to be delivered within twenty hours, under a like penalty.

Parcels directed to be left till called for, are to be delivered on the payment of the carriage and warehouse room, of 2d. for the first week, and 1d. for every subsequent week, on pain of a fine not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Parcels not directed to be left till called for, shall be delivered to the party, if sent for, at the same charge, under the like penalty.

Porters, employed in porterage, guilty of misbehaviour, may be brought by a warrant before any justice, and fined a sum not exceeding 20s. nor less than 10s.

Persons refusing to pay Porterage may be brought by warrant before any justice, and compelled.

FARES OF WATERMEN.
FROM LONDON BRIDGE, WESTWARD.
————
The following distances are chargeable: for
Oars 6d.—Sculler 3d.
FromLondon BridgetoPaul’s Wharf, or Mason’s Stairs.
Alhallow StairstoBlackfriars’ Bridge, either side.
Three CranestoTemple, or Old Barge House.
Paul’s WharftoArundel Stairs.
Blackfriars’ Bridge, either sidetoSomerset House, or Cupar’s Bridge.
TempletoWhitehall, or King’s Arms Stairs.
Strand LanetoWestminster Bridge.
Westminster Bridge, either sidetoLambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Lambeth Stairs, or Horse FerrytoVauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
Oars 8d.—Sculler 4d.
FromLondon BridgetoTemple, or Old Barge House.
Three CranestoStrand Lane, or Surrey Stairs.
QueenhithetoSomerset Stairs, or Cupar’s Bridge.
Paul’s WharftoAdelphi.
Blackfriars’ BridgetoWhitehall, or King’s Arms Stairs.
TempletoWestminster Bridge.
HungerfordtoLambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Lambeth StairstoNine Elms.
Oars 1s.—Sculler 6d.
FromLondon BridgetoWestminster Bridge, or Wooden Bridge.
Blackfriars’ BridgetoLambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
Strand LanetoVauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
HungerfordtoNine Elms.
Nine ElmstoChelsea Bridge.
Oars 1s. 6d.—Sculler 9d.
FromLondon BridgetoLambeth Stairs, or Horse Ferry.
AllhallowstoVauxhall, or Feathers’ Stairs.
Paul’s WharftoNine Elms.
Westminster BridgetoChelsea Bridge.
Oars 2s.—Sculler 1s.
FromLondon BridgetoNine Elms.
TempletoChelsea Bridge.
Oars 2s. 6d.—Sculler 1s. 3d.
FromLondon BridgetoChelsea Bridge.
With Company.
From London Bridge, on either side above.Oars.Each Person.
s. d.s. d.
To Chelsea Bridge2 60 4
To Wandsworth3 00 6
To Putney, Fulham, or Barn Elms4 00 8
To Hammersmith, or Chiswick5 00 9
To Barnes, or Mortlake6 01 0
To Brentford7 01 3
To Twickenham, or Tide End Town9 01 6
To Hampton Court, or Hampton Town12 01 9
To Sunbury, or Walton upon Thames13 01 9
To Shepperton, Weybridge, Chertsey, Laylem15 02 0
To Staines18 02 6
To Datchet, or Windsor21 03 0
FROM LONDON BRIDGE, EASTWARD.
Oars 6d.—Sculler 3d.
FromLondon BridgetoSt. Catherine’s, or George’s Stairs.
Somer’s Quay StairstoUnion Stairs, or East Lane Stairs.
Iron GatetoWapping New Stairs, Rotherhithe Stairs, or King’s Stairs.
Hermitage StairstoChurch Stairs, King Edward Stairs, or Hanover Stairs.
Wapping Old StairstoNew Crane Stairs, or King James’s Stairs.
Wapping New StairstoShadwell Dock Stairs.
Execution DocktoBell Wharf, or King and Queen St.
Church StairstoGreat Stone Stairs.
New Crane StairstoRatcliffe Cross, or Globe Stairs.
Shadwell Dock StairstoDuke Shore Stairs, or Pageants.
Oars 8d.—Sculler 4d.
FromLondon BridgetoUnion Stairs, or East Lane Stairs.
Somer’s Quay StairstoWapping Old Stairs, or Fountain Stairs.
Tower StairstoWapping New Stairs, Rotherhithe Stairs, or King’s Stairs.
Iron GatetoExecution Dock, Prince’s Stairs, or Elephant Stairs.
St. Catherine’stoChurch Stairs, King Edward Stairs, or Hanover Stairs.
Hermitage StairstoNew Crane Stairs, or King James’s Stairs.
Union StairstoShadwell Dock Stairs.
Wapping Old StairstoBell Wharf, or King and Queen St.
Wapping New StairstoRatcliffe Cross, or Globe Stairs.
New Crane StairstoDuke Shore Stairs, or Pageants.

Over the water directly to the opposite shore, from any place between Windsor and Greenwich, with a sculler, two-pence, or a penny for each person, if more than one.

The waterman may demand payment at the rate of three-pence (sculler,) and six-pence (oars,) for every half hour, in lieu of the above fares, when detained by passengers on his way to the place at which they choose ultimately to be set down. For detention after having set down his company, he is paid three-pence (sculler,) and six-pence (oars,) for every half hour after the first, in addition to the above fares.

Note.—Oars in all cases are double the scullers’ fare.

POST OFFICE REGULATIONS.

GENERAL POST.

Letters, to go the same day, must be put into the Post-offices at the west end of the town before five, and at the General Post Office, in Lombard Street, before seven o’clock; but those put into the General Post Office before half-past seven, will go that evening, paying 6d. with each.

The West-India and America packet is made up the first Wednesday in every month; and the Leeward-Island packet, the first and third Wednesday in every month.

The packet for Calais is made up every Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.

For Ostend, Holland, and Cuxhaven, every Tuesday and Friday. For Sweden, every Friday. For Lisbon, every Tuesday. For the Mediterranean and the Brazils, first Tuesday in every month.

For Gibraltar, Malta, and Corfu, the first Tuesday in each month. For Madeira and Brazils, ditto.

All foreign letters must be paid for, except those for the British West Indies.

A clerk regularly attends at the Money Order Office from nine o’clock in the morning till six in the evening, and guarantees the safe conveyance of any sum, payable at sight by the Deputy Post Masters in the country, Edinburgh, or Dublin; who will also receive any money, and give an order at sight on the Money Order Office in London.

Allowances made for Surcharges from eleven to five o’clock.

N.B. Any person sending or conveying Letters, otherwise than by Post, incurs a penalty of five pounds for every offence.

Table of the Rates of Postage in Great Britain,
(From any Post Office in England or Wales).
For any distance not exceeding 15 miles...4d.
Above 15,and not exceeding20...5d.
Above 20,————30...6d.
30,————50...7d.
50,————80...8d.
80,————120...9d.
120,————170...10d.
170,————250...11d.
250,————300...12d.

And so in proportion; the postage increasing progressively one penny for a single letter for every excess of distance of 100 miles.

All double, treble, and other letters and packets whatever, pay in proportion to the respective rates of single letters; but no letter or packet to or from places within the kingdom of Great Britain, together with the contents thereof, shall be charged more than as a treble letter, unless the same shall weigh an ounce, in which case it is to be rated as four single letters, and so on in proportion for every quarter of an ounce above that weight, reckoning each quarter as a single letter.

A LIST OF MAIL COACHES,

Which set out on the Week-days at Eight, and on Sundays at Six o’Clock in the Evening.

Bath and Bristol, continued to Exeter, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Barton, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.

Boston, from Bell and Crown, Holborn.

Brighton, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross.

Cambridge, every night, and on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, to St. Ives and Wisbeach, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and White Horse, Fetter Lane.

Carlisle, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, from Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.

Chester and Holyhead, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross.

Carmarthen, Milford Haven, and Huberstone, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Dover, from Angel, behind St. Clement’s.

Exeter and Falmouth, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Edinburgh, from Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.

Gloucester, Carmarthen, and Milford, from the Angel, behind St. Clement’s Church, and Gloucester Coffee House, Piccadilly.

Holyhead, from the Bull and Mouth, through Birmingham and Shrewsbury.

Harwich, from Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.

Hull, from Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street.

Leeds, from Bull and Mouth.

Liverpool, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Manchester and Carlisle, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Norwich, by Ipswich, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Norwich, by Newmarket, from Swan, Lad Lane, and Golden Cross, Charing Cross.

Oxford, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Angel, behind St. Clement’s.

Portsmouth, from Angel, behind St. Clement’s.

Plymouth and Falmouth, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Southampton and Poole, from Bell and Crown, Holborn.

Shrewsbury, Birmingham, Kidderminster, and Bewdley, from Bull and Mouth.

Swansea and Neath, from Swan, Lad Lane.

Worcester and Ludlow, from Golden Cross, Charing Cross, and Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.

Yarmouth, from White Horse, Fetter Lane.

York, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and Inverness, from Bull and Mouth.

There are Two Principal Post Offices, one in the General Post-Office Yard, Lombard-street, and the other in Gerrard-street, Soho. There are, besides, numerous Receiving Houses for Letters, both in Town and Country.

There are SIX Collections and Deliveries of Letters, in Town daily, (Sundays excepted) and there are two Dispatches from and Three Deliveries at most places in the Country, within the Limits of this Office.

The Hours by which Letters should be put into the Receiving Houses in Town, for each delivery, are as follow:

FOR DELIVERY IN TOWN.
Delivery.
Over Night by.........8o’Clock for theFirst
Morning...............8...............Second
.......................10...............Third
.......................12...............Fourth
Afternoon.............2...............Fifth
.......................5...............Sixth
FOR DELIVERY IN THE COUNTRY.
Delivery.
The preceding Evening by5o’Clock for theFirst
Morning................8...............Second
Afternoon..............2...............Third

But Letters, whether in Town or Country, may be put in at either of the Two Principal Offices, an Hour later for each Dispatch.

Letters put in on Saturday Evening are delivered in the Country on Sunday Morning.

The date Stamp, or, if there are Two, that having the latest Hour, shews also the Time of Day by which the Letters were dispatched for Delivery from the Principal Offices.

The Postage of a Letter from one part of the Town to another, both being within the Delivery of the General Post Office, is Two pence; and to and from parts beyond that Delivery, Three pence; and the Postage of this Office on each Letter passing to or from the General or Foreign Post-Offices, is Two pence.

The Two-penny Postage of all Letters, such as are for Parts out of His Majesty’s Dominions excepted, may or may not be paid at putting in, at the option of the senders.

No Two-penny Post Letter must weigh more than Four Ounces.

The Delivery of this Office extends to the following and intermediate Places; viz.:—

In KENT—Woolwich; Plumstead; Shooter’s Hill; Eltham; Mottingham; South End; Lewisham; Beckenham; and Sydenham.

In SURREY—Croydon; Beddington; Carshalton; Mitcham; Morden; Merton; Wimbledon; Ham; Petersham; and Richmond.

In MIDDLESEX and HERTS—Twickenham; Teddington; Hampton; Hampton-Court; Hampton-Wick; Sunbury; Whitton; Isleworth; Brentford; Ealing; Hamwell; Wembly; Willsdon; Kingsbury; The Hyde; Mill-Hill; Highwood-Hill; Totteridge; Whetstone; Friern-Barnet; East-Barnet; Southgate; Winchmore-Hill; and Enfield.

In ESSEX—Chingford; Sewardstone; High-Beach; Loughton; Chigwell and Row; Wanstead; Ilford; and Barking.

Cash, in Gold or Silver, or other articles of Value enclosed in Letters (Notes or Drafts for Money excepted) to be mentioned to the Office-keeper at putting in; but it is recommended that Bank Notes, or others payable to Bearer, be cut in half and sent at twice, the Second Part not to be sent till the Receipt of the First is acknowledged. This Office however is not liable to make good the loss of any Property sent by Post.

It is earnestly requested that Persons receiving Letters will not detain the Letter-Carriers at their doors longer than can be avoided.

Letters for this Delivery are frequently by mistake put into the General Post, by which they are unavoidably delayed; It is therefore recommended that they be put into the Two-penny Post Offices or Receiving Houses, in order that they may be regularly forwarded by their proper conveyance.

Bye-post. A Bye Post is established on each Road within the Country-Delivery of this Office, by which Letter are transmitted from one part to another of the same district, direct, and without coming to London.

Any irregularity in the Delivery of Letters, communicated to the Comptroller, will be duly attended to, and if the Covers bearing the date Stamp are produced they will assist materially in discovering where the fault lies.

BAROMETER of TEMPERANCE & INTEMPERANCE.

The Footman should study the following Tables of Priority of Rank among Persons of distinction,—a knowledge of which will enable him to evince peculiar Tact in his situation, and save his Master or Mistress much trouble in directing him, when waiting at Table.

A Table of Precedency among Gentlemen,—who ought to be served according to their respective Ranks.
1.King’s Sons.
2.King’s Brothers.
3.King’s Uncles.
4.King’s Grandsons.
5.King’s Nephews.
6.Archbishop of Canterbury.
7.Lord high Chancellor.
8.Archbishop of York.
9.Lord Treasurer.
10.Lord President of the Privy Council.
11.Lord Privy Seal.
12.Lord High Constable.
13.Lord Great Chamberlain of England.
14.Earl Marshall.
15.Lord High Admiral.
16.Lord Steward of the Household.
17.Dukes according to their Patents.
18.Marquesses.
19.Dukes’ eldest Sons.
20.Earls.
21.Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
22.Dukes’ younger Sons.
23.Viscounts.
24.Earls’ eldest Sons.
25.Marquesses’ eldest Sons.
26.Bishop of London.
27.Bishop of Durham.
28.Bishop of Winchester.
29.Bishops according to their seniority of consecration.
30.Barons.
31.Speaker of the House of Commons.
32.Viscounts’ eldest Sons.
33.Earls’ younger Sons.
34.Barons’ eldest Sons.
35.Knights of the Garter.
36.Privy Councillors.
37.Chancellor of the Exchequer.
38.Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
39.Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.
40.The Master of the Rolls.
41.The Vice-Chancellor.
42.Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
43.Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.
44.Judges and Barons of the Exchequer according to seniority.
45.Knights Bannerets royal.
46.Viscounts’ younger Sons.
47.Barons’ younger Sons.
48.Baronets.
49.Knights Bannerets.
50.Knights of the Bath Grand Crosses.
51.Knights Commanders of the Bath.
52.Knights Bachelors.
53.Eldest Sons of the eldest Sons of Peers.
54.Baronets’ eldest Sons.
55.Knights of the Garter’s eldest Sons.
56.Bannerets’ eldest Sons.
57.Knights of the Bath’s eldest Sons.
58.Knights’ eldest Sons.
59.Baronets’ younger Sons.
60.Sergeants at Law.
61.Doctors, Deans, and Chancellors.
62.Masters in Chancery.
63.Companions of the Bath.
64.Esquires of the King’s Body.
65.Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber.
66.Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
67.Esquires by creation.
68.Esquires by office or commission.
69.Younger Sons of the Knights of the Garter.
70.Younger Sons of Bannerets.
71.Younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
72.Younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
73.Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
74.Clergymen not dignitaries,
75.Barristers at Law.
76.Officers of the Navy.
77.Officers of the Army.
78.Citizens.
79.Burgesses.
80.Married Men and Widowers, before Single Men of the same rank.
Precedency among Ladies.
1.Daughters of the King.
2.Wives of the King’s Sons.
3.Wives of the King’s Brothers.
4.Wives of the King’s Uncles.
5.Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes of the blood royal.
6.Wives of the King’s Nephews.
7.Duchesses.
8.Marchionesses.
9.Wives of the eldest Sons of Dukes.
10.Daughters of Dukes.
11.Countesses.
12.Wives of the eldest Sons of Marquesses.
13.Daughters of Marquesses.
14.Wives of the younger Sons of Dukes.
15.Viscountesses.
16.Wives of the eldest Sons of Earls.
17.Daughters of Earls.
18.Wives of the younger Sons of Marquesses.
19.Wives of Archbishops.
20.Wives of Bishops.
21.Baronesses.
22.Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts.
23.Daughters of Viscounts.
24.Wives of the younger Sons of Earls.
25.Wives of the Sons of Barons.
26.Maids of Honour.
27.Wives of the younger Sons of Viscounts.
28.Wives of the younger Sons of Barons.
29.Wives of Baronets.
30.Wives of the Knights of the Garter.
31.Wives of Bannerets.
32.Wives of Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath.
33.Wives of Knights Commanders of the Bath.
34.Wives of Knights Bachelors.
35.Wives of the eldest Sons of the younger Sons of Peers.
36.Wives of the eldest Sons of Baronets.
37.Daughters of Baronets.
38.Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Garter.
39.Wives of the eldest Sons of Bannerets.
40.Daughters of Bannerets.
41.Wives of the eldest Sons of Knights of the Bath.
42.Daughters of Knights of the Bath.
43.Wives of the Eldest Sons of Knights Bachelors.
44.Daughters of Knights Bachelors.
45.Wives of the younger Sons of Baronets.
46.Daughters of Knights.
47.Wives of the Companions of the Order of the Bath.
48.Wives of the Esquires of the King’s Body.
49.Wives of the Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
50.Wives of Esquires by creation.
51.Wives of Esquires by office.
52.Wives of younger Sons of Knights of the Garter.
53.Wives of the younger Sons of Bannerets.
54.Wives of the younger Sons of Knights of the Bath.
55.Wives of the younger Sons of Knights Bachelors.
56.Wives of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
57.Daughters of Esquires entitled to bear arms.
58.Daughters of Gentlemen entitled to bear arms.
59.Wives of Clergymen.
60.Wives of Barristers at Law.
61.Wives of Officers in the Navy.
62.Wives of Officers in the Army.
63.Wives of Citizens.
64.Wives of Burgesses.
65.Widows.
66.Daughters of Citizens.
67.Daughters of Burgesses.
In Addition to the above Regulations, observe:
1.That Preference is to be given to Persons of superior Age of the same Rank.
2.That Ladies of all Ranks are to be served before their Husbands.
3.That, among Ladies—Wives Rank first,—Widows next,—and unmarried Ladies last.
4.That Strangers are, in all Cases, to be served first, and the Young Ladies of your own Family last.
Note also,—That at Public Meetings in the Country, preference is usually given to the Lady of the greatest Landholder.

TO THE ROYAL FAMILY.

To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty:—Sire, or May it please your Majesty.

To his Royal Highness Frederick, Duke of York:—May it please your Royal Highness. And so to all the rest of the Royal Family, male and female, changing their names and titles.

TO THE NOBILITY.

To His Grace the Duke of Wellington:—My Lord Duke—Your Grace. To the most Noble The Marquis of B.:—My Lord Marquis—Your Lordship. To the Rt. Hon. The Earl of D. To the Right Hon. Lord Viscount F. To the Right Hon. Lord G.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

Note.—Noblemen’s Wives are to be addressed in the same style.

Note also, that by courtesy of England, all the Sons of Dukes and Marquesses and the eldest Sons of Earls, have the titles of Lord and Right Honourable; and their daughters have the title of Honourable, but without any other addition. Every gentleman, in any place of honour or trust, is styled Honourable.

The Members of His Majesty’s Privy Council, the Lord Mayors of London, York, and Dublin, and the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, for the time being, are styled Right Honourable.

Every considerable Servant to his Majesty, or any other of the Royal Family, is, while on the Civil, Naval, or Military List, distinguished by the title of Esquire.

Every Member of Parliament is an Esquire, but if he has a higher title, remember always to address him and every Gentleman by his highest title.

TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

To the Right Hon. the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—My Lords—May it please Your Lordships.

TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

To the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, in the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom, Assembled:—Gentlemen—May it please Your Honourable House. To the Right Hon. Sir A. B. Speaker of the Honourable House of Commons.—As he is generally a member of the Privy Council—Right Honourable Sir.

TO THE CLERGY.

To the most Reverend Father in God, A. Lord Archbishop of C.:—My Lord—Your Grace. To the Right Reverend Father in God, B. Lord Bishop of L.:—Right Reverend Sir. To the very Reverend Mr. or Dr. C. D. Dean of E. To the Reverend Mr. or Dr. F.

Chancellor of G.
Archdeacon of H.
Prebendary of I.Reverend Sir.
Rector of K.
Vicar of L.
Curate of M.

Note.—All Clergymen are styled Reverend.

TO THE OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY’S HOUSEHOLD.

The Officers of His Majesty’s Household are generally addressed according to their Quality, and sometimes according to their Office, or both; as

To My Lord Steward.
My Lord Chamberlain.
The Rt. Hon. The Earl of B.
Lord Privy Seal—Lord President of the Council, &c. &c.—One of His Majesty’s Principal Secretaries of State, &c.—My Lord. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury—of the Admiralty, &c. My Lords—or May it please Your Lordships. To the Honourable the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Board of Customs—Excise, &c.:—May it please Your Honours.

TO MILITARY OFFICERS.

To the Right Hon. The Earl of B. Captain of His Majesty’s first Troop of Horse Guards, &c. To A. B. Esq. Lieut. General of ——, Surveyor-General of the Ordnance.

TO NAVAL OFFICERS.

To His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence:—Lord High Admiral of Great Britain:—May it please Your Royal Highness. To Vice-Admirals, or Rear-Admirals:—Sir—or Your Honour—except they be Noblemen.

TO AMBASSADORS.

To His Excellency Sir A. B. Bart. Envoy Extraordinary from His Britannic Majesty to ——; Ambassador to ——; Resident at, &c.:—Your Excellency. To the Secretaries and Consuls:—Sir.

TO THE JUDGES AND LAWYERS.

To the Right Honourable A. Baron of B.—Lord High Chancellor—Lord Chief Justice of the King’s-Bench, &c.:—My Lord—Your Lordship.

N.B.—All the other Judges, in their Official Capacities, are styled Lords, &c. and every Barrister is styled Esquire. Private Gentlemen in the Commission of the Peace, Sheriffs and Recorders, are also styled Esquires, with the appellation of Worshipful. But, the Aldermen and Recorder of the City of London, and all Mayors of Corporations, have the title of Right Worshipful.

Bodies Corporate are styled Honourable, and sometimes Worshipful.

Abbreviations in Writing and Printing
————
A.B. or B.A. Bachelor of Arts.
A.M. or M.A. Master of Arts.
A.M. Anno Mundi. In the year of the world.
A.D. Anno Domini. In the year of our Lord.
A. M. Ante Meridiem. Before noon.
Acct. Account.
Ann. Annum. Yearly. Per Annum. By the year.
Ansr. Answer.
Abp. Archbishop.
Adml. Admiral.
Admr. Administrator.
B.V.M. Blessed Virgin Mary.
Bart. Baronet.
C.C.C. Corpus Christi College.
Ct. or Cent. An hundred.
Capt. Captain.
Col. Colonel.
Co. Company, County.
C.S. Custos Sigili. Keeper of the Seal.
Cr. Creditor.
Dr. Debtor. Doctor.
D.D. Doctor in Divinity.
D. Duke.
Do. Ditto, the same.
E.G. exempli gratia. For example.
E. Earl.
Esqr. Esquire.
Extr. Executor.
F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society.
F.S.A. Fellow of the Society of Arts.
G.R. Georgius Rex, King George.
Genl. General.
Gent. Gentlemen.
Govr. Governor.
Hum. Humble.
Honble. Honourable.
Imp. Imprimis, first.
Inst. Instant.
It. Item, also.
Id. Idem, Ibid. Ibidem, the same.
i.e. id est, that is.
J.H.S. Jesus Hominum Salvator. Jesus Saviour of Men.
K.G. Knight of the Garter.
K.B. Knight of the Bath.
Knt. Knight.
Ld. Lord.
Lp. Lordship.
LL.D. Doctor of Laws.
Lday. Lady-day.
Lieut. Lieutenant.
L.C.J. Lord Chief Justice.
M.D. Doctor in Medicine.
M.S. Memoria Sacrum. Sacred to the Memory.
M. Marquis.
Mr. Master.
Mrs. Mistress.
Mem. Memento. Remember.
Mich. Michaelmas.
Midsr. Midsummer.
Madm. Madam.
Messrs. Masters, or Gentlemen.
Monsr. Monsieur.
MS. Manuscript.
Math. Mathematics, or Mathematician.
N.B. Nota Bene, Mark well.
N.S. New Style.
No. Numero. Number.
O.S. Old Style.
Obedt. Obedient.
P. M. Post Meridiem, Afternoon.
Philo. Math. Lover of Learning.
Pd. Paid.
Per. By.
Penult. Last except one.
P.S. Postscript.
Qty. Quantity.
Q.E.D. which is demonstrated.
q.d. quasi dicat, as much as to say.
Rex. King.
Regina. Queen.
Rt. Hon. Right Honourable.
Rt. Revd. Right Reverend.
Rt. Wpful. Right Worshipful.
Recd. Received.
Rect. Receipt.
St. Saint, Holy.
St. Street.
Servt. Servant.
Ult. Ultimo. Last.
Viz. Videlicet, Namely.
Wp. Worship.
Xmas. Christmas.
&c. Et cetera, and so forth.

LIST of FRENCH and other FOREIGN WORDS and PHRASES in common Use,
with their Pronunciation and Explanation.
Aid-de-camp (aid-di-cong). Assistant to a general.
A-la-mode (al-a-mode). In the fashion.
Antique (an-teek). Ancient, or Antiquity.
A propos (ap-ro-po). To the purpose, Seasonably, or By the bye.
Auto da fe (auto-da-fa). Act of faith (burning of heretics).
Bagatelle (ba-ga-tel). Trifle.
Beau (bo). A man drest fashionably.
Beau monde (bo-mond). People of fashion.
Belle (bell). A woman of fashion or beauty.
Belles lettres (bell-letter). Polite literature.
Billet doux (bil-le-doo). Love letter.
Bon mot (bon-mo). A piece of wit.
Bon ton (bon-tong). Fashion.
Boudoir (boo-dwar). A small private apartment.
Carte blanche (cart-blansh). Unconditional terms.
Chateau (shat-o). Country-seat.
Chef d’œuvre (she-deuvre). Master piece.
Ci-devant (see-de-vang). Formerly.
Comme il faut (com-e-fo). As it should be.
Con amore (con-a-mo-re). Gladly.
Conge d’elire (congee-de-leer). Permission to choose.
Corps (core). Body.
Coup de grace (coo-de-grass). Finishing stroke.
Coup de main (coo-de-main). Sudden enterprize.
Coup d’œil (coo-deil) View, or Glance.
Debut (de-bu). Beginning.
Denouement (de-nooa-mong). Finishing, or Winding up.
Dernier ressort (dern-yair-res-sor). Last resort.
Depôt (dee-po). Store, or Magazine.
Dieu et mon droit (dew-a-mon-drwau). God and my right.
Double entendre (doo-blean-tan-der). Double meaning.
Douceur (doo-seur). A bribe.
Eclaircissement (ec-lair-cis-mong). Explanation.
Eclat (ec-la). Splendour.
Eleve (el-ave). Pupil.
En bon point (ang-bon-poing). Jolly.
En flute (ang-flute). Carrying guns on the upper deck only.
En masse (ang-mass). In a mass.
En passant (ang-pas-sang). By the way.
Ennui (ang-wee). Tiresomeness.
Entreé (ong-tray). Entrance.
Faux pas (fo-pa). Misconduct.
Honi soit qui mal y pense (ho-nee-swau kee mal e panss). May evil happen to him who evil thinks.
Ich dien (ik deen). I serve.
Incógnito. Disguised, or unknown.
In pétto. Hid, or in reserve.
Je ne sais quoi (ge-ne-say-kwan). I know not what.
Jeu de mots (zheu-de-mo). Play upon words.
Jeu d’esprit (zheu-de-sprie). Play of wit.
L’argent (lar-zhang). Money, or silver.
Mal-a-propos (mal-ap-ro-po). Unseasonable, or unseasonably.
Mauvaise honte (mo-vaiz honte). Unbecoming bashfulness.
Nom de guerre (nong des giair). Assumed name.
Nonchalance (non-shal-ance). Indifference.
Outre (oot-ray). Preposterous.
Perdue (per-due). Concealed.
Petit maitre (pette e maiter). Fop.
Protege (pro-te-zhay). A person patronized and protected.
Rouge (rooge). Red, or red paint.
Sang froid (sang-froau). Coolness.
Sans (sang). Without.
Savant (sav-ang). A learned man.
Soi-disant (swau-dee-zang). Pretended.
Tête-a-tête (tait-a-tait). Face to face, or private conversation of two persons.
Unique (yew-neek). Singular.
Valet de chambre (val’-e-de-shamb). Footman.
Vive le roi (veev-ler-wau). Long live the king.

EXPLANATION of LATIN WORDS and PHRASES in common use.
N. B. The pronunciation is the same as if the words were English;
but divided into distinct syllables, and accented as below.
Ad cap-tan′dum. To attract
Ad in-fin′-i-tum. To infinity
Ad lib′-it-um. At pleasure
Ad ref-er-end′-um. For consideration
Ad va-lo′-rem. According to value
A for-ti-o′-ri. With stronger reason
A′-li-as. Otherwise
Al′-ib-i. Proof of having been elsewhere
Al′-ma ma′ter. University
Ang′-li-ce. In English
A pri-o′-ri. From a prior reason
Ar-ca′num, or Ar-ca′-na. Secret, or Secrets
Ar-gu-men′-tum ad hom′-in-em. Personal argument
Au′di al′-ter-am par′-tem. Hear both sides
Bo′-na fi′-de. In reality.
Cac-o-e′-thes scri-ben-di. Passion for writing
Com′-pos men′-tis. In one’s senses
Cre′-dat Ju-dæ′us. I do not believe it
Cum mul′-tis a′-li-is. With many others
Cum priv-i-le′-gi-o. With privilege
Da′-tum, or Da′-ta. Point or points settled or determined
De fac′-to. In fact
De′-i gra′-ti-a. By the grace of God
De ju-re. By right
Dom′-in-e di′-re-ge nos. O Lord direct us
Dram′-a-tis per-so′-næ. Characters represented
Du-ran′-te be′-ne pla″-ci-to. During pleasure
Du-ran′-te vi′-ta. During life
Er′-go. Therefore
Er-ra′-ta. Errors
Est′-o per-pet′-u-a. May it last for ever
Ex. Late, or out of
Ex of-fi″-ci-o. Officially
Ex par′-te. On one side only
Fac sim′-i-le. An exact copy
Fe′-lo de se. Self-murderer
Fi′-at. Let it be done, or made
Fi-nis. End
Gra′-tis. For nothing
Ib-i′-dem. In the same place
I′-dem. The same
Id est. That is
Im-pri-ma′-tur. Let it be printed
Im-pri′-mis. In the first place
In cœ′-lo qui′-es. In heaven is rest
In-for′-ma pau′-per-is. As a pauper
In com-men′-dam. For a time
In pro′-pri-a per-so′-na. In person
In sta′-tu quo. In the former state
In ter-ro′-rem. As a warning
Ip′-se dix′-it. Mere assertion
Ip′-so fac′-to. By the mere fact
I′-tem. Also, or article
Ju′-re di-vi′-no. By divine right
Lo′-cum te′-nens. Deputy
Mag′-na char′-ta (kar′-ta). The great charter of England
Me-men′-to mo′-ri. Remember death
Me′-um and tu′-um. Mine and thine
Mul-tum in par′-vo. Much in a little
Ne plus ul′-tra. Greatest extent
No′-lens vo′-lens. Willing or not
Non com′-pos or Non com′-pos men′-tis. Out of one´s senses
O tem′-po-ra, O mo′-res. O the times, O the manners
Om-nes. All
O′-nus. Burden
Pas′-sim. Every where
Per se. Alone, or by itself
Pro bo′-no pub′-li-co. For the public benefit
Pro and con. For and against
Pro for′-ma. For form’s sake
Pro hac vi′-ce. For this time
Pro re na′-ta. For the occasion
Pro tem′-po-re. For the time
Quis sep-er-a-bit. Who shall separate us?
Quo an-i-mo. Intention
Quon′-dam. Former
Re-qui-es′-cat in pa′-ce. May he rest in peace
Re-sur′-gam. I shall rise again
Rex. King
Scan′-da-lum mag-na-tum. Great scandal
Sem′-per e-a′-dem, or sem′-per i′-dem. Always the same
Se-ri-a-tim. In regular order
Si′-ne di′-e. Without naming a day
Si′-ne qua non. Indispensably requisite
Su′-i gen-e-ris. Unparalleled
Sum′-mum bo′-num. Greatest good
Tri′-a junc′-ta in u′-no. Three in one
U′-no vo′-ce. Unanimously
U′-ti-le dul′-ci. Utility with pleasure
Va′-de me′-cum. Constant companion
Vel′-u-ti in spec-u-lum. As in a glass
Ver′-sus. Against
Vi′-a. By the way of
Vi′-ce. In the room of
Vi′-ce ver′-sa. The reverse
Vi′-de. See
Vi-vant rex et re-gi-na. Long live the king and queen
Roman Numerals.
————————
I.1.One.
II.2.Two.
III.3.Three.
IV.4.Four.
V.5.Five.
VI.6.Six.
VII.7.Seven.
VIII.8.Eight.
IX.9.Nine.
X.10.Ten.
XI.11.Eleven.
XII.12.Twelve.
XIII.13.Thirteen.
XIV.14.Fourteen.
XV.15.Fifteen.
XVI.16.Sixteen.
XVII.17.Seventeen.
XVIII.18.Eighteen.
XIX.19.Nineteen.
XX.20.Twenty.
XXI.21.Twenty-one.
XXX.30.Thirty.
XL.40.Forty.
L.50.Fifty.
LX.60.Sixty.
LXX.70.Seventy.
LXXX.80.Eighty.
XC.90.Ninety.
C.100.One Hundred.
CC.200.Two Hundred.
CCC.300.Three Hundred.
CCCC.400.Four Hundred.
D.500.Five Hundred.
DC.600.Six Hundred.
DCC.700.Seven Hundred.
DCCC.800.Eight Hundred.
DCCCC.900.Nine Hundred.
M.1000.One Thousand.
MM.2000.Two Thousand.
MDCCCXXV.1825.One Thousand Eight Hundred
and Twenty Five.

The ancient Romans in their notation made use of the following seven letters; viz. I. V. X. L. C. D. and M. which singly stood for one, five, ten, fifty, one hundred, five hundred, and one thousand. By repeating and combining these any other numbers were formed.

The annexing a less number to a greater increases its value, and denotes the sum of both; as VI. signifies six. The prefixing a less number to a greater lessens its value, or shews their difference; thus, IV. is four, &c. The word thousand is often expressed by a line drawn over the top of a number; thus, X̅. signifies ten thousand.

Abbreviations and Characters, in Common Use.
L. S. D. Libra, Pounds; Solidi, Shillings; Denarii, Pence.
Cwt. One hundred weight, or 112 lbs.
Q. or Qrs. A quarter or quarters of a hundred, or 28 lbs.
lb. or lbs. A pound or several pounds.
Oz. (℥) ounce or ounces.
Dwts. Pennyweights.
Dr. (ʒ) Drams; ℈ scruples; grs. grains.
Bk. Book; ch. chapter; v. verse; ¶ paragraph; § section.
Fol. folio; 4to. quarto; 8vo. octavo; 12mo. duodecimo.
° ′ ″ Hours, minutes, and seconds of Time; or Degrees, minutes
and seconds, in Geographical and Astronomical Measurement.
Yr. Year; Qr. Quarter; Mo. Month; Wk. Week; D. Day.
Jan. January; Feb. February; Mar. March; Ap. April;
Aug. August; Sept. September; Oct. October;
Nov. November; Dec. December.
Yd. Yard; Ft. foot or feet; In. inches.
Pt. Pint; Qt. Quart; Gal. Gallon; Fir. Firkin; Kil. Kilderkin;
Bar. Barrel; Hhd. Hogshead; P. Pipe; B. Butt; T. Tun.
P. Pole, Perch, Rod, or Lug; R. Rood; M. Mile; F. Furlong.

Forms of a Receipt, Notes, &c.*
————————
Receipt.
Received, January 6th, 1825, of A—— B——, Esq. Seventeen Pounds and Ten Shillings, for one Quarter’s Wages,† due Dec. 25th last.
————————
£17 10 0James Handy.
————————
Note of Hand, or Promissory Note.
——————
———————
£25 0 0London, April 5th, 1825.
———————
On Demand,‡ I promise to pay to Mr. C—— D——, or Order, the sum of Twenty-Five Pounds, for value received.
Richard Pearson,
No. 101, Essex St. Strand.
Draft, or Bill.
——————
————————
£75 10 0London, March 17th, 1825.
————————
Two Months§ after Date pay to my Order Seventy-Five Pounds and Ten Shillings, for value received.
To Charles H. Lewis, Esq.James Smith.
Merchant, Liverpool.
————————————
N.B. A Draft is payable by the Person on whom it is drawn, it must be accepted by him, in writing, on the face of it.
* For the Stamps for RECEIPTS, NOTES, &c. see page 48.
† Rent,—on Account,—or, in full,—or, as the case may be.
‡ Two Months after Date, or, as the case may be.
§ On Demand,—or, at Six Months, or as the case may be.
MULTIPLICATION TABLE,
With the Pence Added.
s. d.
Twice 2 are 40 4
3... 60 6
4... 80 8
5... 100 10
6... 121 0
7... 141 2
8... 161 4
9... 181 6
10... 201 8
11... 221 10
12... 242 0
3 times 3 are 90 9
4... 121 0
5... 151 3
6... 181 6
7... 211 9
8... 242 0
9... 272 3
10... 302 6
11... 332 9
12... 363 0
4 times 4 are 161 4
5... 201 8
6... 242 0
7... 282 4
8... 322 8
9... 363 0
10... 403 4
11... 443 8
12... 484 0
5 times 5 are 252 1
6... 302 6
7... 352 11
8... 403 4
9... 453 9
10... 504 2
11... 554 7
12... 605 0
6 times 6 are 363 0
7... 423 6
8... 484 0
9... 544 6
10... 605 0
11... 665 6
12... 726 0
7 times 7 are 494 1
8... 564 8
9... 635 3
10... 705 10
11... 776 5
12... 847 0
8 times 8 are 645 4
9... 726 0
10... 806 8
11... 887 4
12... 968 0
9 times 9 are 816 9
10... 907 6
11... 998 3
12... 1089 0
10 times 10 are 1008 4
11... 1109 2
12... 12010 0
11 times 11 are 12110 1
12... 13211 0
12 times 12 are 14412 0

N. B.—Any two numbers multiplied into each other produce the same amount. Thus: 3 times 4 are 12; and 4 times 3 are 12.—Also, 4 times 5 are 20; and 5 times 4 are 20. And so of all others.

Use and Application.—How much do 7 pounds of sugar come to at ten-pence per lb.—Ans. 7 times 10, or 10 times 7, are 70, and 70 pence are five shillings and ten pence, the value of the sugar.

MONEY TABLES.
4Farthings make1Penny
12Pence1Shilling
20Shillings1Sovereign or a Pound
PENCE TABLES.
Pence.s. d.
20are1 8
30...2 6
40...3 4
50...4 2
60...5 0
70...5 10
80...6 8
90...7 6
100...8 4
110...9 2
120...10 0
Pence.s. d.
12are1 0
24...2 0
36...3 0
48...4 0
60...5 0
72...6 0
84...7 0
96...8 0
108...9 0
120...10 0
TABLE OF SHILLINGS.
Shillings.£. s. d.
20make1 0 0
30...1 10 0
40...2 0 0
50...2 10 0
60...3 0 0
70...3 10 0
80...4 0 0
90...4 10 0
100...5 0 0
105...5 5 0
EVEN PARTS OF A SHILLING.
d.
6ishalf
4..1-3d
3..1-4th
2..1-6th
1½..1-8th
1..1-12th
¾..1-16th
½..1-24th
¼..1-48th
EVEN PARTS OF A SOVEREIGN
OR POUND.
s. d.
10 0ishalf
6 8..1-3d
5 0or a Crown1-4th
4 0..1-5th
3 4..1-6th
2 6or half a Crown1-8th
2 0..1-10th
1 8..1-12th
1 0..1-20th

THE VALUE OF GOLD AND SILVER.

Gold.—An ounce of Standard Gold, of 22 Carats fine, (that is, having 22 parts of pure Gold, and 2 parts of Alloy,) is worth £4—a pennyweight 4d, and a grain 2d. A sovereign weighs about a quarter of an ounce.

Silver.—An ounce is worth 5s. and a pennyweight 3d. This is, about one fifteenth part of the value of Gold. A crown piece weighs about an ounce.

Characters used in Accounts, for the Sake of Brevity.
+ Plus, or More,Addition,thus,3 + 4 = 7
- Minus, or Less,Subtraction,...5 - 3 = 2
× Multiply,Multiplication,...3 × 4 = 12
÷ Divide,Division,...12 ÷ 3 = 4
= Equal,Equality,...6 + 6 = 12
:::: Proportion,Proportionality,...1:4::3:12
A Table of Customary Weights and Measures.
lbs.
A Firkin of Butter is5642 Feet is a Ton of Shipping.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins22440 Feet of rough, or 50 Feet of
A Firkin of Soap64hewn Timber is a Load or Ton.
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins256A Dozen is 12; a long Dozen is 13.
A Barrel of Pot-ashes200A Gross is 12 Dozen, or 144.
A Barrel of Anchovies30A Pace is 3 Feet or a Yard.
A Barrel of Candles120Mathematicians conceive every
A Stone of Butchers’ Meat8Circle to be divided into 360
A Stone, Horsemen’s weight,equal Parts, called Degrees, and
or Butchers’ Meat in theeach Degree into 60 equal parts,
country14called Seconds, and each Second
A Stone of Glass, 5 lbs. and,subdivided into 60 smaller parts,
a Seam of Do. or 24 Stones120called thirds, and so on.
A Quire of Paper is 24 Sheets.The Diameter of a Circle is a
A Ream of Paper is 20 Quires.straight line drawn from one side
A Bundle of Paper is 2 Reams.to the other through the centre;
A Cord or Stack of Wood isand is one-third of the circumfe-
108 solid Feet.rence.

TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

TROY WEIGHT.
N.B. The Imperial Standard Troy Pound, established in 1758, containing 5760 Grains, became, May 1, 1825, the ONLY genuine standard weight from which all other weights are to be derived, computed, and ascertained.
24 Grains make1 Pennyweight
20 Pennyweights1 Ounce
12 Ounces1 Pound
The proportion that Avoirdupois bears to Troy Weight, from which it is derived, is as 7000, the number of Troy grains in a pound Avoirdupois, is to 5760, the grains in a pound Troy. The Pound Avoirdupois makes 14 oz. 11 dwt. and 16 grains Troy; and 9 pounds Avoirdupois are equal to nearly 11 pounds Troy.
⁂ By Troy weight Jewels, Gold, Silver, &c. are weighed.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
N.B. This weight is derived from the Imperial Standard Troy Pound, 7000 grains Troy making one pound Avoirdupois, and the proportion it bears to Troy Weight is as 7000 to 5760, the number of grains in each pound respectively. The Pound Troy is equal to 13 oz. 2 drms. ⅔ Avoirdupois, and (nearly) 11 Pounds Troy are equal to 9 Pounds Avoirdupois.
16 Drams make1 Ounce
16 Ounces1 Pound
28 Pounds¼ of a Cwt.
4 Qrtrs. (112 lb.)1 Cwt.
20 Hundreds1 Ton
⁂ By this weight Bread, Butter, Cheese, Meat, Grocery, Drugs, and all coarse goods that have waste, are bought and sold.
APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT.
20 Grains make1 Scruple
3 Scruples1 Dram
8 Drams1 Ounce
⁂ Apothecaries compound their medicines by this weight, but they buy and sell by Avoirdupois Weight.
BREAD.
lbs.oz.dwts.
A Peck Loaf weighs1762
Half do.8111
Quartern do.458
Half Quartern do.2212
Note.—By a late act, Bakers in London and within 10 miles thereof are to sell bread by the pound only, and are obliged to keep scales and weights in their shops, at all times, and to weigh every loaf, in the presence of the customer, before they deliver it, whether requested so to do or not, under severe penalties. In every other part of the kingdom bread is sold by weight, according to the above table.
By a former act, whatever is the price of the best wheat in shillings, so many pence must be the price of the quartern loaf, (with one penny more for baking.) And, when the best wheaten bread is sold at 8d., the standard should be sold for 7d., and the household for 6d.
THE NEW
MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
Wine, Spirituous Liquors, Ale, Beer, and all sorts of Liquids, as well as Corn, and all kinds of Dry Goods, are now bought and sold by one measure only; of which the basis is the GALLON, containing ten pounds Avoirdupois of distilled or rain water, and called the Imperial Standard Gallon.
This new measure is larger than the former Wine Measure by about one-fifth; therefore a gallon of Wine, or other article, that is worth 5s. by the old Wine Measure, is worth 6s. by this measure; and so on at the rate of 2½d. more in every shilling: and the present new gallon being smaller than the former Beer and Ale Gallon by one-sixtieth part, the difference will be 1d. upon 5s. less than by the old measure; that is one farthing upon 15d. less, whatever may be the amount.
4 Gills make1 Pint
2 Pints1 Quart
4 Quarts1 Gallon
9 Gallons1 Firkin
10 Gallons1 Anker
18 Gallons (2 Fir.)1 Kilderkin
36 Gall. (2 Kild.)1 Barrel
54 Gall. (3 Kild.)1 Hogshead
42 Gallons1 Tierce
63 Gallons1 Hhd. of Wine
84 Gallons1 Puncheon
108 Gal. (2 Hhds.)1 Butt of Beer
126 Gal. (2 Hhds.)1 Pipe of Wine
2 Pipes (4 Hhds.)1 Tun
THE NEW MEASURE FOR CORN,
and all other dry goods; (except those measured by heap.)
2 Pints make1 Quart
4 Quarts1 Gallon
2 Gallons1 Peck
8 Gal. (4 Pecks)1 Bushel
2 Bushels1 Strike
4 Bushels1 Sack or Coomb
8 Bushel (2 Sacks)1 Quarter
5 Quarters1 Load or Way
N.B. The Imperial Standard Gallon, containing 10 gallons of pure water, (the same as for liquids) is the basis of this measure.
This is about a thirty-second part, or one quart on a bushel, larger than the former Winchester Measure; therefore a Bushel of Oats, or any quantity of any thing, that is worth 2s. 8d. Winchester Measure, is worth 2s. 9d. by this;—a Bushel of Barley, Rye, or other thing, that would cost 5s. 4d. Winchester Measure, will cost 5s. 6d. by the new;—and a Bushel of Wheat, Malt, &c. worth 8s. by the Winchester Bushel is worth 8s. 3d. by the Imperial Bushel;—and so on at the rate of one farthing upon every 8d. by the new measure more than by the old measure.
THE NEW HEAPED MEASURE.
The Standard Measure of Capacity for Coals, Coke, Culm, Lime, Fish, Potatoes, Fruit, and all other Goods commonly sold by heaped measure, is now the Imperial Standard Bushel, containing 80 pounds Avoirdupois, of pure water,—made round, with a plain and even bottom, and being 19½ inches from outside to outside, to be heaped up in the form of a cone, at least 6 inches above the outer edge thereof, which is to be the base of the said cone.
4 Pecks make1 Bushel
3 Bushels1 Sack
3 Sacks,1 Vat or Strike
36 Bushels or 12 Sacks1 Chaldron
21 ChaldronsA Score*
* Coals bought in large quantities have an allowance of one Chaldron on 20; or half a Chaldron in 10; or 3 sacks in 5 Chaldrons; which is called the Ingrain.
LONG MEASURE.
N.B. The basis of this and of all other measures of length or extension whatsoever, is the Standard Yard, established in 1760, which remains unaltered, and is now called the Imperial Standard Yard.
4 Inches1 Hand
9 Inches1 Span
12 Inches1 Foot
18 Inches1 Cubit
3 Feet the Standard Yard.
6 Feet or 2 Yards1 Fathom
5½ Yards1 Pole
40 Poles, or 220 Yards1 Furlong
8 Furlongs or 1760 Yds.1 Mile
3 Miles1 League
20 Leagues, or 60 M.1 Degree
69½ Miles1 Geographical Deg.
360 Geographical Degrees, or about 25,000 miles,
is the circumference of the Earth.
In measuring length, if Gunter’s Chain be used,
20 Chains make a ¼ of a Mile
40 Ditto Half a Mile
and 80 Ditto One Mile
N.B. Long measure relates to length only.
LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE.
N.B. The basis of this and of all other measures of extension, is the Standard Yard, established in 1760,—which remains unaltered.
144 Square Inches, that is,
12 by 12, make1 Square Foot
9 Square Feet1 Yard
30¼ sq. Yards, or 272¼ sq. Feet1 Pole
40 Sq. Poles, or Perches1 Rood
4 Square Roods, or 160 sq. Rods.1 Acre
30 Acres1 Yardd. of Land
100 Acres1 Hide of Do.
640 Sq. Acres1 Sq. M. of Land
100 Sq. Feet1 Sq. of flooring, &c.
272¼ Sq. Feet1 Rod of brick work
⁂ Land is measured by Gunter’s Chain, which is divided into 100 links, each link 6 inches and 6-10ths long, and the whole Chain being 4 Rods, or 22 Yards, or 66 Feet in length; so that 10 Chains in length and 1 in breadth, or 4840 square Yards, make an Acre.
By this measure not only land, but all other superficies, such as paving, flooring, plastering, roofing, tiling, &c. are measured.
CUBIC MEASURE.
1728 Cubic Inches, that is, 12 long, 12 broad, and
12 thick, make1 Cubic Foot
27 Cubic Feet1 Cubic Yard
N.B. This measure relates to length, breadth, and thickness, and remains unaltered.
CLOTH MEASURE.
N.B. The basis of this measure is the Imperial Standard Yard, established in 1760;—and remains unaltered.
2¼ Inches make1 Nail
4 Nails, or 9 In.1 Qr. of a Yd.
4 Quarters, or 16 Nails1 Yard
5 Quarters1 Ell English
3 Quarters1 Ell Flemish
6 Quarters1 Ell French
HAY AND STRAW.
36 lbs. of Straw, make1 Truss
56 lbs. of Old Hay1 Truss
60 lbs. of New Hay1 Truss
36 Trusses1 Load
2 Trusses1 Cwt.
20 Cwt.1 Ton
WOOL WEIGHT.
7 Pounds make1 Clove
2 Cloves (14 lbs.)1 Stone
2 Stones (28 lbs.)1 Todd
6½ Todds1 Wey
2 Weys1 Sack
12 Sacks1 Last
TIME.
60 Seconds make1 Minute
60 Minutes1 Hour
24 Hours1 Day
7 Days1 Week
4 Weeks or 28 Days1 Month
13 Months, or 12 Calendar Months, or
365 Days and nearly 6 Hours1 Year
N.B. Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
February Twenty-eight alone,
And all the rest have Thirty-one.
⁂ In Leap Year, which happens every fourth Year, February hath 29 Days.
EQUAL PARTS OF A HUNDRED WEIGHT.
84 lbs.3 Qrs. of a Cwt.
56 lbs.2 Qrs. or half a Cwt.
281 Qr. or 1-4th of a Cwt.
161-7th of a Cwt.
141-8th of a Cwt.
81-14th of a Cwt.
71-16th of a Cwt.
3½1-32nd of a Cwt.
EQUAL PARTS OF A TON.
cwt. qrs.
10 0half a Ton
5 01-4th of a Ton
4 01-5th of a Ton
2 21-8th of a Ton
2 01-10th of a Ton
1 11-16th of a Ton
1 01-20th of a Ton

STAMP DUTIES FOR BILLS AND RECEIPTS.

RECEIPTS.
££s. d.
2and under50 2
5100 3
10200 6
20501 0
501001 6
1002002 6
2003004 0
3005005 0
50010007 6
1000and upwards10 0
Receipt in full10 0
The Receiver to find the Stamp.
BILLS, &.At or under 2 months date or 60 days sight.Exceeding 2 months date or 60 days sight.
£ s.£ s.s. d.s. d.
2 0not ex.5 51 01 6
5 520 01 62 0
20 030 02 02 6
30 050 02 63 6
50 0100 03 64 6
100 0200 04 65 0
200 0300 05 06 0
300 0500 06 08 6
500 01000 08 612 6
1000 02000 012 615 0
2000 03000 015 025 0
Exceeding3000 025 030 0
⁂ For the Forms of a Receipt, Notes, &c. see page 42.
A TABLE
Showing the number of days from any day in one month to the same day in any other month, throughout the year.
ToJan.Feb.Mar.AprilMayJuneJulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.
FromJan.365315990120151181212243273304334
Feb.334365285989120150181212242273303
Mar.306337365316192122153184214245273
April275306334365306191122153183214244
May245276304335365316192123153184214
June214245273304334365306192122153183
July184215243273304335365316292123153
Aug.153184212243273304334365316192122
Sept.122153181212242273303334365306191
Oct.921231511822122432733043353653161
Nov.619212015118121224227330433436530
Dec.316290121151182212243274304335365
In Leap Year, when February intervenes, add one day to the calculation.

Footnotes

1 The Appendix to this work contains a compendium of useful knowledge, which it is incumbent on every servant to study attentively, and which, indeed, every young person ought to be perfectly acquainted with, whatever may be their destination in life.

2 See Laws respecting Servants. Appendix, p. 9.

3 On the subject of frugality, and the advantages of saving, and of Savings-Banks, we refer to what we have already said, page 25, &c.

4 The multiplication table, the money-tables, and many others that are to be found in the APPENDIX to this work, are highly necessary to be known, and should be learnt by heart by all young servants, in the evenings, or when they have leisure.

5 For an abstract of the law respecting character, and all other laws respecting servants, to which the housekeeper may have frequent occasion to refer, See Appendix, p. 9.

6 The best Directions for Marketing that are, perhaps, anywhere to be found, are given on p. 75 and the subsequent pages; and excellent Marketing Tables for calculating quantities and prices will be found in the Appendix, p. 1, &c.

7 The management of the butchers’ meat, poultry, &c. when brought in, being in the department of the Cook, see instructions for that purpose, under the head Larder, in the department of the Cook.

8 Further observations respecting the management and arrangements of the table, will be found in our introductory Address to the Heads of Families, p. 14, where also will be found other useful hints respecting servants, and on other points deserving the attention of the Housekeeper.

9 For the information of servants when waiting at table, and to save trouble to their masters and mistresses, we have given a correct list of the precedency of ladies and gentlemen, in the Appendix, p. 34, &c.

10 See Instructions for Carving, p. 65, &c.

11 Tables of precedency among Ladies and Gentlemen will be found in the Appendix, p. 34 and 35.

12 Correct and extensive MARKETING TABLES will be found in the four first pages of the APPENDIX.

13 To every quart of the strongest vinegar, add one ounce each of black pepper, ginger, shallots, and salt; half an ounce of allspice, and half a drachm of Cayenne. Put these into a stone jar, covered with a bladder, wetted with the pickle; tie over that some leather, and set the jar on a trivet, by the side of a fire, for three days, shaking it three times a day, and then pour it, while hot, on the walnuts, and cover them down with a bladder, wetted with the pickle, &c.
N. B. This pickle is the best, easiest prepared, and cheapest of any, for every kind of article.—It is also an excellent savoury sauce for cold meats.

14 A common tea-spoon will be about a drachm, 4 tea-spoonsful, a table-spoonful, and 4 of the latter will be about a common wine-glassful.

15 Ample Directions for Marketing, and for choosing Butcher’s-meat, Poultry, Fish, and Vegetables, with the times when best and cheapest, will be found under the head Housekeeper, p. 75; and extensive and accurate Marketing Tables are given in the Appendix, p. 1, 2, 3, and 4.—Directions for the management of Meat, &c. before dressing, will also be found under the head Larder, p. 214.

16 The Cook will find directions for making Pastry, Pickling, Preserving, &c. at the end of Instructions to the Housekeeper, p. 89, and the following pages.

[17] See Receipts, for these purposes, p. 250, &c.

18 In the absence of the housekeeper, she will be required to make tea and coffee for the drawing-room company.

19 The Footman lays the green cloth on the table, then the table cloth, and sets the tea things, plates, knives and forks, the urn rug, &c. The Butler places the tea urn and such other things as may be ordered during breakfast, and takes all things off also; the Footman bringing and carrying them away.

20 Lose not a moment of time in placing the dinner on the table in proper order, and let not only every dish be as hot as possible, but every plate also, else the whole dinner will be spoiled. The cook’s labour will be lost if the cloth be not laid in the parlour, and all the paraphernalia of the dinner table completely arranged an hour before dinner. An invitation to dinner at five generally means six—at five precisely, half past five—and not later than five, five o’clock exactly, so that the dinner may be served up a few minutes after.

21 It is understood that H. R. H. the Duke of York pays Mons. Ude, his French Cook, £500 per annum.

22 Good families generally allow the footman a proper dress of this sort, exclusive of his liveries, as it is equally creditable to both master and servant, that the livery he is to appear in, when attending his ordinary avocations, should be kept clean, and look respectable. If it were always to be well and clearly understood, between every master and the servants to whom he gives livery, what shall be the number and kind of garments, to be given yearly, or otherwise, and that to be made a rule, from which no deviation should be made, it would prevent much of the unpleasant feeling on this subject, which has frequently been found to arise subsequent to the agreement.

23 Picture-frame makers clean them with a soft brush and strong size waters. Fly spots may be prevented by rubbing frames with garlic or onion.

24 Fourteen pounds of hay a day, or one hundred pounds per week, with three feeds of corn a day, is deemed sufficient for a horse that is not over worked.

25 The feed given to each horse, worked in the usual way is, a quartern of oats and a few beans, three times a day, with some chaff, or not, as may be desired. In the choice of oats, the shorter and fuller the grain the better; when bitten in two, they should be dry and mealy: they should feel hard in the hand, and when hard grasped should slip through the fingers; oats with thin bodies and long tails are the worst. When brought by sea, if they have lain long in bulk, they will have become heated, and have acquired a musty smell, to counteract which the corn dealers, when they are brought into their granaries, spread them thin on an upper floor, and turn them frequently, to cool, after which, they pass them through screens placed under holes in the floors, from the upper to the lower floors, which sweetens them much, and frequently enables the corn dealers to pass them off on inexperienced Coachmen and Grooms as fresh farmer’s oats, which latter it will always be best to buy. As horses should always be fed with fresh clean corn, it would be well to rounce them in a hair bag, which takes off all the tails and filth, and they should afterwards be passed through a sieve, to free them from dust and other extraneous matter, at the time of feeding.
The finest-conditioned horses in England are fed thus: When at grass, equal quantities of oats and old white peas; when in the stable, two thirds oats and one third old white peas.

This Indenture witnesseth, That _____ Son of ____ late of ____, doth put himself Apprentice to ____ Citizen and ____ of London, to learn his art, and with him (after the manner of an Apprentice) to serve from the day of the date hereof, unto the full end and term of seven years, from thence next following to be fully complete and ended; during which term the said Apprentice his said Master faithfully shall serve, his secrets keep, his lawful commands every where gladly do. He shall do no damage to his said Master, nor see it to be done of others; but that he to his power shall let or forthwith give warning to his said Master of the same. He shall not waste the goods of his said Master, nor lend them unlawfully to any. He shall not commit fornication, nor contract matrimony within the said term. He shall not play at cards, dice, tables, or any other unlawful games, whereby his said Master may have any loss. With his own goods or others, during the said term, without licence of his said Master, he shall neither buy nor sell. He shall not haunt taverns nor play-houses, nor absent himself from his said Master’s service day or night unlawfully; but in all things, as a faithful Apprentice, he shall behave himself towards his said Master, and all his, during the said term. And the said Master in consideration, of ____ his said Apprentice in the same art which he useth, by the best means that he can, shall teach and instruct, or cause to be taught and instructed, finding unto his said Apprentice, meat, drink, apparel, lodging, and all other necessaries, according to the custom, of the City of London, during the said term. And for the true performance of all and every the said covenants and agreements, either of the said parties bindeth himself unto the other by these presents. In witness whereof, the above named to these Indentures, interchangeably have put their hands and seals, the ____ day of ____, in the ____ year of the Reign of our Sovereign, ____ of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, ____ Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord, &c.

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TEMPERANCE.
70 -WaterHealth and Wealth.
60 -Milk and WaterSerenity of Mind.
50 -Small BeerReputation, long Life, & Happiness.
40 -Cider and Perry
Cheerfulness, Strength, and Nourishment,
30 -Wine
when taken after meals, and
20 -Porter
in moderate quantities.
10 -Strong-Beer
0 -
INTEMPERANCE.
VicesDiseases.Punishments.
10 -PunchIdleness andSickness, Puking, and
andTrembling of the HandsDebt;
Peevishness.in the Morning;
20 -{Toddy andBlack Eyes;
{ CrankQuarreling,Bloatedness
Inflamed Eyes,Rags;
andRed Nose & Face;
Hunger;
30 -GrogFighting,Sore and swelled
Legs;Hospital;
{Lying,
40 -Flip {andJaundice, PainsJail;
{Swearing,in the Limbs, and
burnings in theWhipping;
{BittersObscenity;palms of the hands,
50 -{infused inand the soles of
{SpiritsSwindling,the feet;The Hulks;
{Brandy, Rum,Perjury,Dropsy;
60 -{and Whiskey, inEpilepsy, Palsy;
{the morng.Burglary,Melancholy;Botany Bay;
Murder,Madness;
{Do during theandApoplexy;The
70 -{day and night.Suicide.DEATH.Gallows.
⃝


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The more than 400 recipes/receipts in this transcription have been formatted in a consistent style which is faithful to the pattern used in the original publication.

Other changes include:

Page 225 – “Comsommé” changed to “Consommé” (A rich soup or gravy)

Page 2 in Appendix – corrected an obviously wrong daily rate in last line of A TABLE OF WAGES OR INCOME (1 7 5¾)

Page 37 in Appendix – Added missing header: “TO THE OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY’S HOUSEHOLD.”

Epigraph

D. Sidney & Co. Printers,
Northumberland Street, Strand.

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