The Grey Friars in Oxford

Appendix D

Supplications and Graces From the Registers of Congregation

John David.

(1450/1). 4^o die Marcij supplicat etc. ffrater Johannes Dauid ffrater ordinis sancti ffrancisci, quatinus eius oppositio, incepta in termino sancti Michaelis vltimo et continuata vsque ad festum Pasche proximum, sufficiat sibi pro completa forma sue oppositionis.

Hec gratia est concessa sub condicione quod legat primum librum ysaie in scolis publicis. (Regist. Aa. fol. 51 b.)

(June 5, 1454/5). Supplicat frater Johannes Dauid ordinis minorum et doctor sacre pagine quatinus secum graciose dispensetur vt valeat post festum sancti Thome proximo sequens resumere lecciones ordinarias et regentis actus exercere, ingressu in domum congregacionis dumtaxat excepto.

Hec gratia est simpliciter concessa, et ab altero procuratore etc. (Ibid. fol. 83.)

John Sunday; inception.

(Feb. 5, 1453/4). Supplicat etc. frater Johannes Sunday de claustro minorum qui compleuit lecturam sentenciarum quatinus cum singulis responderit doctoribus completaque lectura Biblie, incipere valeat in theologica facultate.

Hec gratia est concessa et condicionata 2^ci condicione; prima condicio est quod octo vicibus respondeat pro forma et octies opponat; 2^a condicio est quod bis respondeat preter formam et sub hiis condicionibus etc. (Regist. Aa. fol. 79 b.)

Richard Ednam; inception.

(April 2nd, 1462). Supplicat frater Ricardus Ednam, bacallarius sacre theologie, quatinus 8 argumenta, 8 responsiones, introitus biblie, lectura libri sentenciarum, sermo examinatorius, sermo ad quem tenetur ex nouo statuto, sufficiant sibi ad effectum quod possit admitti ad incipiendum in sacra theologia, ita quod die inceptionis sue soluat Vniuersitati x li. Hec gratia est concessa condicionata; condicio est quod incipiat infra annum; alia condicio quod det Regentibus liberatam consuetam. (Reg. Aa. f. 122.)

(May 24th, 1463.) Supplicat frater Ricardus Ednam de ordine Minorum quatinus tres responsiones, introitus biblie, introitus libri sententiarum, sermo examinatorius, sermo ad quem tenetur ex nouo statuto, sufficiant sibi ad effectum quod possit admitti ad incipiendum in sacra theologia. Hec gracia est concessa cum multis condicionibus; prima est quod incipiat ante festum S. Thome, 2^a quod soluat xv li. in die inceptionis sue, 3 quod det liberatam regentibus distinctam ex sumptu proprio. (Ibid. f. 128 a.)

Supplications and Graces of Walter Goodfield,
Warden of the Franciscans.

(Nov. 27, 1506). Eodem die supplicat frater Walterus Goodfelde ordinis minorum et scolaris sacre theologie, quatenus studium xii annorum in logicis philosophicis et theologicis sibi sufficiat ut admittatur ad opponendum in sacra theologia, qua oppositione habita vna cum responsione in nouis scolis possit admitti etc. Hec est concessa contra quod legat tres primas questiones canonici publice et gratis ante pascha; 2^a quod dicat vnam missam de quinque vulneribus, cum ista colecta Deus summa spes, pro anima primi fundatoris vniuersitatis, et aliam missam de trinitate pro bono statu magistrorum regentium. (Regist. G. 6. f. 27 b.)

(May 10, 1507). Supplicat frater Walterus Gudfeld ordinis minorum quatenus studium 14 annorum in logicis philosophicis theologicis sufficiat ad opponendum in nouis scolis qua oppositione habita vna cum responsione in eisdem possit admitti ad lecturam libri sententiarum. Hec est concessa conditionata quod predicet vnum sermonem preter formam infra annum. (Ibid. fol. 39 b.)

(June 16, 1507). Supplicat frater Walterus Goodfyld ordinis minorum et sacre theologie scolaris quatenus vnus sermo per eum post gradum susceptum dicendus ei sufficiat pro gradu baculariatus in sacra theologia. Hec est concessa simpliciter. (Ibid. fol. 41 b.)

(He was admitted to oppose on Dec. 10, 1507.)

(June 3, 1508). Supplicat frater Walterus Goodfylde, ordinis minorum et sacre theologie baccalarius, quatenus 4^or responsiones in nouis scolis cum introitu biblie, vna cum sermone examinatorio, sufficiant ei ut admittatur ad Incipiendum in eadem facultate. Hec est concessa conditionata quod habuit studium 12 annorum in Logicis philosophicis theologicis et quod procedat ante pascha et quod semel predicet semel (sic) preter formam infra annum post gradum et quod legat vnum librum sententiarum publice et gratis. (Ibid. fol. 58.)

(Jan. 24, 1508/9). Supplicat frater Walterus Goodfyld ordinis minorum et bachallarius sacre theologie quatenus studium quod habuit post gradum bachallariatus cum quattuor responsionibus cum sermone examinatorio et introitu biblie sufficiat ad incipiendum in eadem. (Ibid. fol. 67 b.)

(March 19, 1509/10). Supplicat frater Walterus Gudfylde (B.S.T.) quatenus sermo per eum dicendus in die cinerum possit stare pro sermone suo examinatorio. Hec gratia est concessa simpliciter. (Ibid. fol. 82 b.)

(On May 12, 1510, he was licensed in theology, fol. 86.)

(June 27, 1510). Supplicat frater Walterus Gudfyld, ordinis minorum et in sacra theologia licentiatus quatenus si contingat eum realiter incipere in sacra theologia secum gratiose dispensetur pro suis lecturis minutis. Hec est concessa sic quod compleat toto isto tempore et postea secundum dispositionem commissarii tunc presentis. (Ibid. f. 92.)

(He was admitted DD on July 1, 1510.)

(Dec. 10, 1510). Supplicat frater Walterus Gudfylde doctor sacre theologie quatenus secum gratiose possit dispensari pro sua necessaria regencia secundum dispositionem commissarii. Hec est concessa et ille disposuit post proximum actum. (Ibid. fol. 104 b.)

John Thornall, July 11, 1525.

Eodem die supplicat frater Johannes Thornall ordinis minorum et licenciatus in sacra theologia, quatenus cum eo graciose dispensetur ut composicio sua diminuatur ad quinque Libras; causa est quia est admodum pauper et uix habet pecunias necessarias pro gradu suscipiendo.

Hec gracia est concessa, et condicionata, quod causa non sit ficta, et celebret unam missam contra pestem, aliam pro bono statu regentium, et compleat necessariam regentiam, et distribuat decim solidos illarum peccuniarum jam diminutarum in vsum pauperum scolarium secularium. (Reg. H. 7, fol. 140.)

Thomas Kirkham, Nov. 14, 1527.

Eodem die supplicat Mr. Thomas Kyrkam doctor in sacra theologia in ultimo Actu Creatus et necessarius Regens quatenus cum eo graciose dispensetur pro sua necessaria Regentia: causa est quia est gardianus cuiusdam loci ordinis minorum in villa Dancastrie, unde non potest commode hic adesse et interesse actibus scolasticis ad quos teneretur Racione sue necessarie Regentie. Hec gratia est concessa et condicionata ut faciat quinque missas de 5 vulneribus celebrari pro bono statu Regentium et continuet lectiones suas usque ad proximum actum. (Reg. H. 7, fol. 180 b.)

Footnotes

¹ A few others have been used occasionally, such as the Phillipps catalogue (1837), and Ulysse Robert’s Inventaire sommaire.

² I have not seen Part 3 of Vol. 2 (Codices 15029-21405), which is missing in the British Museum.

3 Chronicle of Thomas Eccleston, ‘De Adventu Minorum,’ Mon. Francisc. I, p. 5: ‘A. D. MCCXXIV... feria tertia post festum nativitatis Beatae Virginis.’ This date has been disputed. Wadding (Annales Minorum, I, 303, 362) places the arrival in 1219. The arguments in favour of this view are, (1) that St. Francis appointed Agnellus minister of England in 1219; (2) the statement of Matthew Paris sub anno 1243, that the friars ‘built their first houses in England scarcely twenty-four years ago’ (Chron. Majora, IV, 279). But the evidence in favour of (1) is not conclusive; the letter of St. Francis to Agnellus (Wadding, I, 303; Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica, pp. 5-6) is undated. The contention however seems to be supported by a passage in Eccleston (Mon. Franc. I, 10), identifying the 32nd year after the settlement of the friars in England with the second year of the ministry of Peter of Tewkesbury, who according to the received chronology became minister in 1250 (more probably 1251). From this one might conjecture that the establishment of the English province was officially dated from 1219. But the fragment in Mon. Franc. II, and another MS. of Eccleston in the Phillipps Library at Thirlestaine House, No. 3119, fol. 71-80 (a MS. unknown to either of the editors of the Monumenta Franciscana), read here (fol. 73) ‘quinto anno administrationis Fratris Petri,’ instead of ‘secundo anno,’ and this is probably the correct version. As to argument (2), Paris probably wrote his account (of 1243) a few years later than 1243, and dated accordingly; again the passage refers to Dominicans as well as Franciscans. The evidence in favour of the later date is much stronger. Besides Eccleston, the best authority, we have the statement of the author of the Lanercost Chronicle, himself a Friar Minor: ‘Quo et anno (1224) post festum natalis Virginis gloriosae applicuerunt fratres Minorum in Angliam’ (p. 30). This may be derived from Eccleston, but on the next page is a statement which is certainly independent of him: ‘Eodem anno (1224) venerunt primo fratres Minores in Angliam, in festo beati Bartholomaei apostoli’ (Aug. 24). Cf. ‘Annals of Worcester,’ sub anno 1224 (Ann. Monast. IV, 416).

4 If so, Bartholomew’s narrative is inaccurate; according to him the adventure happened to Agnellus and his four companions (among whom was Albert of Pisa) on their way from Canterbury to Oxford. But Bartholomew is not remarkable for accuracy. Liber Conformitatum, fol. 79 (ed. Milan, 1510).

5 ‘Joculatores et non dei servos.’ Wood’s version of the story differs in several points from that of Bartholomew of Pisa, from whom it is professedly derived. (MS. F 29a, f. 175a, quoted in Dugdale, VI, pt. 3, p. 1524.)

6 Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

7 Ibid. p. 17.

8 Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

9 Ibid. p. 17: ‘In qua intraverunt ordinem multi probi baccalaurei et multi nobiles.’ Cf. ib. p. 61.

10 Ibid. Denifle (‘Die Universitäten des Mittelalters,’ I, 245) puts the arrival of the Franciscans at Oxford in the year 1225, the hiring of their first house in 1226, of their second ‘at the beginning of the thirties,’ on the authority of Eccleston.

11 Mon. Franc. I, p. 27.

12 See, e.g., Wadding, Ann. Minorum, I, 10, 302, &c.; Mon. Franc. I, 567 seq., &c.

13 Lanercost Chron. 130: ‘Tenemur creditoribus in urbe decem marcarum solutionem.’ The whole account of the circumstances is very curious, but too long to quote here. The date is about 1280.

14 Mon. Franc. I, p. 17: ‘Fuit autem area ipsa brevis et arcta nimis’; p. 34, ‘Usque ad tempus Fratris Alberti domus ipsa diversorio careret.’ Wiclif attributed the great plague in a large measure to the friars herding together in cities; Trialogus, IV, cap. 32 (p. 370).

15 Mon. Franc. I, 34.

16 Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 79b: cf. Mon. Franc. I, 16, 542. The prelates referred to are Ralph Maidstone and John Reading.

17 Liberate Roll, 23 Hen. III, m. 6: ‘ccc ulnas panni grisei’ for Minorites; and m. 3: ‘Lij ulnas Russetti ad tunicas faciendas ad opus xiij fratrum Minorum de Rading’, scilicet ulnam de precio xi denariorum ad plus.’ Four ells went to make a habit. The quality was not the best, the ordinary price for russet—i.e. undyed cloth of black wool—was 1s. 4d. an ell; Rogers, ‘Hist. of Prices,’ II, 536-7. At the end of the fourteenth century Friar W. Woodford says that the friars were better clothed in England than elsewhere owing to the abundance of wool in this country; Twyne, MS. XXI, 501.

18 Mon. Franc. I, 66: cf. ibid. 55.

19 Or ‘idiots,’ as Brewer translates (Mon. Franc. I, 631) the original ‘omnes fatui nativi,’ Lanerc. Chron. 30. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 564 (Testament of St. Francis): ‘We were content to be taken as ideotis and foolys of euery man.’

20 Mon. Franc. I, 28; other convents were less scrupulous; see Liberate Roll, 23 Hen. III, m. 6—an order to buy ‘ccc paria sotularium’ at the Winchester fair for the Friars Minors there.

21 Lanerc. Chron. 31.

22 Eccleston, p. 38.

23 Ibid. p. 52.

24 Mon. Franc. I, p. 195; the date of the letter is probably about 1250. On the other hand, Adam seems to have accepted ‘small coins’ (quatrinos) by way of alms from a friend; ibid. p. 229.

25 Liberate Rolls, 22 Hen. III, m. 15; 29 Hen. III, m. 5; 30 Hen. III, m. 17. In making this statement, I have relied on the MS. Calendar of the Patent Rolls for Hen. III (3 vols. folio, containing some 4000 pages), the MS. Cal. of the Close Rolls from the 12th year of Hen. III to the end of his reign (10 vols. folio), both in the Public Record Office; the Liberate Rolls of the same reign, for which no Calendar exists, I have gone through; after Hen. III these latter become less full and interesting.

26 Close, 15 Hen. III, m. 11.

27 Ibid. 20 Hen. III, m. 11.

28 Ibid. 21 Hen. III, m. 1.

29 See Close Rolls for the following years of Hen. III: 15 (m. 2), 17 (m. 15, and 10), 18 (m. 28, and 18), 19 (pt. 1, m. 8), 20 (m. 6), 22 (m. 16), 26 (m. 4), 30 (m. 17, and 2), 36 (m. 24), 39 (m. 15), 40 (m. 8), 41 (m. 10), 42 (m. 6), 43 (m. 9), 45 (m. 21), 47 (m. 8), 48 (m. 6), 50 (m. 3), 51 (m. 4), 54 (m. 8), 55 (m. 1). Liberate Rolls, 17 (m. 6), 22 (m. 9), 23 (m. 10), 24 (m. 13), 26 (m. 5), 30 (m. 16), 32 (m. 4), 36 (m. 14).

30 Close, 24 Hen. III, m. 11 (Custodibus vinorum Suhant) and Liberate, 24 Hen. III, m. 12 (Custodibus vinorum R. Oxon).

31 Close, 32 Hen. III, m. 9; cf. Lyte, p. 43.

32 Ibid. m. 8.

33 Liberate, 29 Hen. III, m. 14. Isabella, sister of Henry III, married Frederick II in 1235, and died Dec. 1, 1241.

34 Mon. Franc. I, p. 19.

35 Ibid. p. 20.

36 Barth. of Pisa has changed this story from a dream into a reality and added miraculous incidents: ‘Crux lignea... fragore stupendo se vertit ad fratres;... et plures eorum mortui sunt in brevi.’ Liber Conform. f. 80.

37 ‘Tria sunt necessaria ad salutem tempora, cibus, somnus et jocus.’ Mon. Franc. I, 64.

38 Ibid. p. 56.

39 Ibid. p. 58; he added, that, ‘when he was with St. Francis, the saint compelled him to double every day what he had been accustomed to eat.’ Cf. Mrs. Oliphant’s ‘Francis of Assisi,’ p. 85.

40 Mon. Franc. I, 64-5.

41 Mon. Franc. I, pp. 64-66.

42 Bishop Gardiner’s description of a Cambridge Augustinian, quoted by Dixon, ‘Church of England,’ II, p. 253, n.: he ‘was of a merry scoffing wit, friar-like; and as a good fellow in company was beloved of many.’

43 In 1398, e.g. ‘On Sunday came two Friars Minors to dine with the fellows (of New College), also the farmer of Heyford.’ Boase, Oxford, p. 78.

44 Mon. Franc. II, 68. St. Francis used to sprinkle sumptuous fare with ashes; Oliphant, p. 86.

45 See story of the warden who on the day that he preached to the people cracked jokes with a monk after dinner in the presence of a secular; Mon. Franc. I, 53. ‘Oxoniæ’ in the same paragraph should be ‘Exoniæ’: Serlo was Dean of Exeter, 1225-1231, Le Neve, Fasti.

46 Mon. Franc. I, p. 55.

47 Cf. ibid. p. 6, W. of Esseby; and p. 23, Haymo of Faversham; ‘fuit enim ita gratiosus et eloquens, ut etiam adversantibus Ordini gratus et acceptus existeret.’

48 Ibid. 52; M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, p. 257. Cf. ibid. p. 251; Annals of Tewkesbury (Ann. Monast. I, 92).

49 Liberate Rolls, 31 Hen. III, m. 4, 42 Hen. III, m. 3.

50 See Part II, W. of Gainsborough, H. of Hertepol.

51 Grosseteste, Epistolæ, p. 21.

52 Mon. Franc. I, p. 15.

53 Grosseteste, Ep. p. 21, ‘nec moveat aliquem,’ &c.: a striking illustration of the fascination of Eastern heresies at the time.

54 Ibid. and Mon. Franc. p. 16.

55 Lanerc. Chron. p. 81.

56 Ibid. p. 128. His name is not given.

57 It will of course be remembered that in the early thirteenth century the Chancellor of the University was in fact as in legal theory the delegate of the bishop of the diocese.

58 Lyte, p. 38.

59 Grosseteste, Ep. Letter XX.

60 Mon. Franc. I, p. 99.

61 Ibid. p. 100-101.

62 Pat. 28 Hen. III, m. 7 in dorso. Mr. M. Lyte (p. 42, note 3) makes the date of the king’s writ May 10, 1246, of the deed of acknowledgment, May 11, 28 Hen. III (i.e. 1244); and adds to the confusion about the Bacons by reading John instead of Robert.

63 Close, 3 Edward I, m. 18 in dorso, writ to the Chancellor. Oliver was Prior of the Dominicans about this time, Wood-Clark, II, 337.

64 fflemēguiłł.

65 Mon. Franc. I, 405.

66 The Wardens of the college and of the convent were liable to be deposed on the petition of the members of their respective houses, and the system of ‘exhibitions’ for scholars must have resembled that in vogue among the friars at the University. But the year of probation, the observance of silence, the ‘scrutinies’ or chapters, were common to all monastic institutions.

67 Twyne, MS. XXII, 103c; Cap. 32 of Woodford’s Defensorium: ‘It is manifest that one friar minor confessor to a venerable Lady moved her to make that Hall at Oxford which is called the Hall of Balliol.’

68 Letter of Devorguila to Friar R. de Slikeburne, dated 1284, in College Archives: Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. IV, p. 442.

69 Ibid. pp. 442, 444, four deeds from 1285 to 1287.

70 Preserved in the College Archives: printed in Savage’s Balliofergus, p. 15 seq.

71 The care taken of the poorer students, of their feelings no less than of their purses, is particularly interesting in connexion with the Franciscans.

72 Cf. the Statutes of 1282, which are to be observed ‘in the time of all proctors whatsoever;’ the Statutes of Sir Philip Somerville (1340) mention ‘duo Magistri extrinseci’ (Statutes of the Oxford Colleges, Vol. I, Balliol, p. x).

73 History MSS. Com. ut supra.

74 Ibid. (abstract).

75 The clause to which objection was made was, that if the Master obtained a benefice of the annual value of £10, ‘ipso facto noverit (ab officio) se amotum.’ Statutes of the Oxford Colleges, Vol. I, Balliol, p. xx.

76 E.g. in 1257, Bonaventura investigates the causes ‘cur splendor nostri Ordinis quodammodo obscuratur.’ Wadding, IV, 58; cf. M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, 279-8; Mon. Franc. I, 361-3, 408, &c.

77 Mon. Franc. I, 48.

78 Ibid. 48. Friar Albert of Pisa, who, as Minister of seven provinces and General of the Order, had no lack of experience, ‘died commending the English above all nations in zeal for their Order’ (ibid.). Cf. ibid. p. 68, John of Parma, General, frequently exclaimed when in England: ‘Would that such a province had been set in the midst of the world to be for an example to all the churches!’

79 Eccleston, p. 9.

80 An entry in ‘Placita Corone 25 Hen. III, Oxon. M. ⁵⁄1} 2, m. 1 b,’ may lead to the identification of the site; it is an agreement between Robert, Master of the Hospital of St. John, outside the East Gate, and Roger Noyf, ‘de escambio unius messuagii cum pertinenciis in Oxonia... videlicet quod idem Rogerus dedit et concessit predicto magistro in escambium predicti messuagii magnam domum ipsius Rogeri lapideam, que est ante ecclesiam Sce Abbe cum pertinenciis. Et quod situm est inter terram Roberti le Mercer et terram quam tenet de Abbate de Abendon.’

81 Wood-Clark, II, 358.

82 Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9; cf. Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10; both printed in Mon. Franc. I, 616-7, and in Appx. A.

83 Mayor in 1227, 1228, 1229, Wood-Peshall, ‘City of Oxford,’ p. 355.

84 ‘Ex elemosyna collecta.’

85 The original of this grant is in the Oxford City Archives, marked ‘17.’ See Appx. A. 1.

86 Close Roll, 20 Henry III, m. 9: printed in Appx. A. 2.

87 Parker, ‘Early History of Oxford,’ p. 342: extracts from Domesday Book.

88 Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 34: ‘Tantus erat zelator paupertatis, ut vix permitteret vel ampliari areas vel domos aedificari, nisi secundum quod exegit inevitabilis necessitas.’

89 Mon. Franc. I, p. 55.

90 Ibid. pp. 34-5.

91 ‘Sufficienter ampliatus,’ Eccleston, p. 35: cf. Wykes, Ann. Monast. IV, 93 (1245): ‘The Friars Minors at Oxford, hitherto confined to narrow limits, began to widen their boundaries and build new houses.’

92 Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9; Appx. A. 3.

93 i.e. Littlegate, not South Gate (as Boase, p. 68), which was in St. Aldate’s parish.

94 Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10; Appx. A. 8; Mon. Franc. I, p. 617. It was this grant of 1248 that remained in force: see confirmation of it in Pat. 18 Edw. III, m. 19.

95 It is uncertain who this Guydo was: a ‘Guido filius Roberti’ was Sheriff of Oxfordshire in 1249: Liberate, 33 Hen. III, m. 9; and two sons of Guydo had a lawsuit in 13 Ed. I: Placita Corone, Oxon. M. ⁵⁄2} 1, m. 5 đ, &c.

96 Brian Tywne, MS. XXII, 131: ‘Ex Rotulo general, Inquis. com. et villae Oxon. per hundred capta A^o 6^o et 7^o Edⁱ Iⁱ per sacramentum inhabitantium.’ Wood (MS. F 29 a, f. 176 a) copies this from B. Twyne: Peshall and Stevens, copying carelessly from Wood, speak of it as an ‘Inquisition taken in the year 1221.’

97 Wood (MS. F 29 a, f. 176) after quoting this Inquisition, goes on: ‘besides w^ch they had another large piece of ground of y^e said Agnes since knowne (as now tis) as part of paradise garden;’ and he adds in the margin: ‘another piece of land they had w^ch was Tho. Fullonis or Alice Foliot ut in Carta 66 ex lib. S. frid. v. AV. p. 19,’ i.e. Wood MS. C 2, p. 19 in Bodleian—a charter from Stephen to St. Frideswide’s, confirming the property of the Priory in and outside Oxford: among the tenants is Tho. Fullo, who pays 5s. for land in St. Ebbe’s; the charter is No. 66 in the Corpus Copy of St. Frideswide’s Chartulary, and dates in its present form from c. 33 Hen. III. (I am indebted to Rev. S. R. Wigram for this reference.) This tenement of Tho. Fullo was very likely near St. Budhoc’s, where William and Rad. Fullo had land. See B. Twyne, MS. III, 8-9, Charter of R. de Hokenorton, in ‘libro Osneyensi;’ and XXII, 286.

98 Le Neve, Fasti.

99 Feet of Fines, Oxon., 29 Hen. III, m. 40-44, and 46. For first grant see Appx. A. 6.

100 Feet of Fines, Oxon., 29 Hen. III, m. 46, ‘a die S. Johannis Baptiste In tres septimanas.’

101 This fee of the Abbat of Bec belonged to Steventon Priory, Berks, a cell of the Abbey of Bec in Normandy. Dugdale, Vol. VI, p. 1044.

102 Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 6 (Appx. A. 5). Whether the island lay to the south or west of the Friary is not certain. Wood says: ‘This piece of ground I suppose was part of (or at least near adjoyning to) paradise garden though wee now see it all one intire piece; for in ancient time it was divided in severall Islands, as may be seene by the arches under a ruinous stone wall to this day remaining in the same garden.’ MS. F 29 a, f. 176 (Wood-Clark, II, 396). Cf. Clark’s edition of Wood’s ‘City of Oxford,’ Vol. I, p. 578, note 37. ‘Paradise Garden formerly belonging to the Grey Fryers. There was a rivulet running sometimes through and made it two. The arch is in the wall to this day that parts Paradise and the Grey Friers. It came from the east part of Paradice and soe ran downe as far as the brewhouse which brewhous was formerly part of Paradise.’ Elsewhere he says: ‘Which isle was situated on the south side of their habitation (the rivulet called Trill Mill running between) and on the west side of the habitation of the Black Fryers; and is now belonging to Sir William Morton, Kt.’ &c.; ibid, Vol. II, p. 361; cf. p. 396, n. 2, where he identifies this piece of land (i.e. the ground between the present New St., Norfolk St., and Friars St.) with the friars’ grove as distinguished from the island.

103 Liberate Roll, 29 Hen. III, m. 9 (Appx. A. 4).

104 Or ‘present at’—interfuit.

105 Pat. 31 Hen. III, m. 8 (see Appx. A. 7).

106 Ingram in his Memorials of Oxford, published 1837 (Vol. III, under St. Ebbe’s), says, speaking of Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9: ‘A great part of the wall built according to this agreement is still in existence, or at least an old wall on the same site.’ Some of it, on the west side of Littlegate Street, south of Charles Street, is still to be seen. Cf. Wood, MS. 29 a, fol. 179: ‘On the east side of it (i.e. Minorites’ property)... was the way leading from Watergate to Preachers Bridge.’

107 Pat. 46 Hen. III, m. 11 (May 7).

108 Pat. 49 Hen. III, m. 24 (Feb. 5).

109 Ibid. (Feb. 8), Appx. A. 9.

110 B. Twyne (MS. III, 13) seems to have been led astray by the word ‘benedictum’ into thinking there was a Benedictine church here.

111 Placita Coronae, Oxon. 13 Edw. I, M. ⁵⁄2} 3, m. 55.

112 Chronicles of Edw. I & II, Vol. I, p. 83 (R.S.).

113 Wadding, V, p. 575, No. xxii Ex parte dilectorum. The date is VI Kal. Sept. An. 2.

114 Wadding, Ann. Min. Vol. VI, p. 463.

115 Wadding calls him ‘Earl of Kichiemunda.’

116 Pat. 3 Edw. II, m. 9 (Appx. A. 11).

117 Pat. Edw. II, m. 14 (Appx. A. 10).

118 No donor’s name occurs.

119 This is probably the land which Wood refers to as having belonged to Thomas Fullo. The charter of Rob. Hokenorton to Osney mentions ‘land which Will. Fullo held of Reginald de Sub Muro, juxta ecclesiam S. Budoci, Oxon., quae tendit a Regia Semita usque ad aquam Thamesis in profundum, et usque ad terram Radulfi Fullonis in latum, ex australi parte predicte Ecclesie.’ B. Twyne, MS. III, 8-9.

120 Pat. 12 Edw. II, m. 25 (6 March, 1319); Appx. A. 12.

121 Inquis. a. q. D. 13 Edw. II, No. 31.

122 Inquis. Oxon. Capta 6 and 7 Edw. I; Brian Twyne, III, 8-9. Walter Aurifaber had a daughter named Agatha; ib. XXIV, 253.

123 Inquis. a. q. D. 12 Edw. II, No. 47 (5 March, 18 May), Appx. A. 13; Pat. 13 Edw. II, m. 44 (8 July).

124 Pat. 14 Edw. II, m. 10 (12 May).

125 Pat. 11 Edw. III, pt. 2, m. 6 (19 Aug.), Appx. A. 14.

126 Rob. le Mercer and others are commanded to help the Mayor, Peter son of Thorald, in building the city wall (Claus. 18 Hen. III, m. 23). Robert Owen and Ric. the Miller witness William of Wileford’s deed, see App. The names are significant—the Mercer, the Miller, the Barber, the Tailor.

127 Wood-Peshall, Ancient and Present State, &c., p. 355.

128 One of this name was Commissioner of gaol delivery for Dorchester, Wycombe, Aylesbury, &c.: Pat. 54 Hen. III, m. 17 đ, 12 đ; and 55 Hen. III, m. 28 đ.

129 Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

130 Close Roll, 16 Hen. III, m. 9 (June 17).

131 Eccleston, p. 20.

132 Ibid.; and Barth. of Pisa, Lib. Conform. fol. 80.

133 Eccleston, p. 54. Barth. of Pisa says, ‘in capsa lignea,’ fol. 80.

134 Eccleston, ibid.

135 Eccleston, p. 37, ‘Scholam satis honestam.’

136 Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10.

137 Mon. Franc. I, 25.

138 Ibid. 362: ‘quasi carni et sanguini, quasi luto et lateribus, quasi lignis et lapidibus, quasi quibuscunque qualicunque compendiolo mundanis questibus totum dandum esset.’

139 Wood, MS. F 29 a, f. 179 a.

140 Claus. 24 Hen. III, m. 17 (Feb. 5); Liberate, 24 Hen. III, m. 19 (Feb. 7).

141 Liberate, 29 Hen. III, m. 5.

142 Claus. 56 Hen. III, m. 7.

143 Liberate, 30 Hen. III, m. 16: ‘Mandatum est Vicecomiti Oxonie quod de amerciamentis Itineris Roberti Passelewe et sociorum suorum Justiciariorum qui ultimo Itinerauerunt ad placita foreste in Comitatu suo faciat habere fratribus minoribus Oxonie iij Marcas et fratribus predicatoribus eiusdem ville iij ad fabricam ecclesie sue de dono Regis.’

144 Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10.

145 Early Hist. of Oxford, p. 298: his map of Oxford gives a street outside the wall.

146 I am indebted to Mr. Parker for this information and suggestion.

147 Cromwell Corresp., 2nd series, Vol. XXIII, fol. 709 b (Record Office).

148 Cf. Walcott’s ‘Church and Conventual Arrangement,’ on Friars’ Churches, &c.

149 Annals, 662.

150 Stevens, ‘Hist. of Abbeys,’ &c., I, 137: ‘This account appears to me very confuse and unintelligible.’

151 Itinerarium, p. 296.

152 Ibid. p. 83, ‘Memorandum quod 24 steppys sive gressus mei faciunt 12 virgas... Item 50 virgae faciunt 85 gradus sive steppys mei:’ and p. 281, ‘quaelibet virga tres pedes,’ &c.

153 Walcott, as above.

154 P.C.C. Regist. Hogen, qu. 26 (in Somerset House).

155 Mon. Franc. I, 508, &c.

156 Wood-Clark, II, 407. Adam Marsh was personally known to the Earl of Cornwall; in a letter to the Queen of England he mentions having been with him; Mon. Franc. I, 291: cf. ibid. 105-6, 400. A letter from Adam to Senchia, Richard’s wife, is extant, ibid. p. 292. The following character of Richard is curious as being drawn probably by a Franciscan: ‘Hic erga omnes mulieres cujuscunque professionis luxuriosissimus, thesaurorum collector cupidissimus et avidissimus, pauperum oppressor insolentissimus.’ MS. Cott. Cleop. B xiii, f. 148: cf. Hardy, Descript. Catal. &c.

157 He died 1270, according to Walsyngham, Ypodigma Neustriae, p. 165 (R.S.); 1272 according to Trivet, Ann. 279. The latter is probably correct: see Foedera, I, 489.

158 J. Rouse, p. 199 (ed. Hearne). Rouse studied at Oxford, and died 1491.

159 Chron. of Osney, 17 Oct. 1277: R.S. ed. p. 274.

160 Wood, MS. F 29 a, fol. 179 b.

161 Ibid.

162 Regist. Arundel, I, fol. 155. Sir H. Nicolas reads Exon. instead of Oxon: p. 135.

163 Ibid. fol. 155 b. The Golafre property at Fyfield now belongs to St. John’s College; the President informs me that the College has no documents relating to the Golafre family.

164 Early Lincoln Wills (A. Gibbons, 1888), p. 186.

165 B. Twyne, MS. XXIII, 478. He altered this part of his will in a codicil, and was buried in St. Ebbe’s.

166 Mun. Acad.: Anstey, p. 543.

167 ‘Coram ymagine beate Marie Virginis de pyte.’ Oxford City Records, Old White Book, f. 90 a.

168 P.C.C. Porch, fol. 9.

169 Barth. of Pisa, fol. 80.

170 Eccleston, 54.

171 J. Rouse, Hist. p. 29: ‘et modo in ordinis sui fratres Minores Oxon sepultum.’

172 Oxford Univ. Reg. A a a, fol. 213.

173 First mention is in 1370: Anstey’s Mun. Acad. 232-3.

174 At Reading, the chapter-house and dormitory seem to have formed one building. Liberate Rolls, 23 Hen. III, m. 6, and 24 Hen. III, m. 1.

175 Agas map of 1578, engraved by Neale 1728; Hollar’s map, 1643.

176 The warden at Reading occupied one of ‘thre prety lodginges’ at the Grey Friars; Cromwell Corresp., Vol. XXIII, f. 742.

177 Cf. Inventory of the Grey Friars, Ipswich; Chapter House Bks. A ³⁄11; ‘owthe of the Vicewarden’s Chamber.’

178 P. 130.

179 ‘Two short treatises against the Begging Friars’ (Oxf. 1608), p. 30; cf. Roy’s Satire on Card. Wolsey, Harl. Misc., Vol. IX, p. 42, &c.

180 See Pecock’s Repressor, p. 543, on the objection that ‘religiose monasteries (nameliche of the begging religiouns) han withinne her gatis and cloocis grete large wijde hiȝe and stateli mansiouns for lordis and ladies ther yn to reste, abide, and dwelle;’ and p. 548-50. Edward III stayed at the Grey Friars, York, in 1335 (Rymer, Foed., Vol. II, pt. ii, p. 909). In the Record Office (Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe ²¹⁄12) is a document containing details as to feasts in the Dominican Convent at Oxford in connexion with the burial of Piers Gaveston; the feasts were continued for four weeks. The Earl of Hereford, who spent Christmas at Grey Friars, Exeter, in 1288, found his lodgings detestable and the stench insupportable: Oliver, Monast. Exon. p. 331.

181 ‘Ex magnatibus unus rem magnam ausus est et perfecit, ut suis sumptibus a multis milliaribus Anglicanis ductis sub Isidis et Chervelli fluminum divortiis plumbeis canalibus, corrivaretur ad omnes Monasterii officinas aqua salubris in magna abundantia.’ Ann. Minorum, I, 364, A. D. 1221. Wadding gives no authority for the statement.

182 Placita Coronae, 31 Hen. III, Oxon. M ⁵⁄1} 3, f. 40: ‘Jurati presentant quod fratres predicatores et fratres minores ceperunt in pluribus locis super aquam Thamesis et ibi fecerunt fossata et muros et alia.’

183 B. Twyne, MS. XXIII, 151 (11 Hen. VII).

184 Oxford City Records, 191.

185 Wood, MS. F 29 a, fol. 179 a.

186 Eccleston, p. 35.

187 Wadding, I, 346; cf. Mon. Franc. I, xxx-xxxii.

188 Cf. Bacon’s works, De retardatione senectutis, Antidotarius, &c.; and Opera Inedita, 374—‘regimen sanitatis.’ Grostete’s ‘interest in physical science seems to date from his connexion with the friars.’ M. Lyte, p. 30.

189 Mon. Franc. I, 24.

190 MS. F 29 a, f. 176.

191 Liber Conf. fol. 79 b.

192 Mon. Franc. I, 37.

193 Grostete, Epistolae, p. 17 sqq., letter to Agnellus and the convent at Oxford, written between 1225 and 1231.

194 Lyte, ‘Hist. of Univ. of Oxford,’ p. 29.

195 Mon. Franc. I, 37: ‘Ipso igitur ab cathedra magisteriali in cathedram pontificalem... translato.’

196 P. 45: ‘Vir iste primus cathedram scholarum fratrum minorum rexit Oxoniae, unde et assumptus fuit ad cathedram praelatiae.’

197 Mon. Franc. ibid.

198 Ibid. p. 38. The dates are from Le Neve.

199 Ibid.

200 Grostete, Ep. p. 149. In Letter xvii ‘Magister Thomas Walensis’ is mentioned as being in England; the date of the letter must be between 1235 and 1239 (when W. de Raleger became Bishop of Norwich); probably 1238, after Thomas had returned from Paris, before he became Archdeacon.

201 Ibid. p. 151.

202 Opera Ined. p. 325.

203 Grostete, Ep. ut supra. Both received high offices in Lincoln diocese, Roger as dean resisted the bishop’s claims. Paris, Chron. Majora, III, 528; IV, 391.

204 Chron. Majora, IV, 424, ‘vir moribus et scientia eleganter insignitus;’ V, 644, ‘vir omni laude dignissimus.’ We may perhaps see a result of his contact with the Franciscans in his exhortation to the clergy of his diocese ‘to preach often in the vulgar tongue, simply and without discussion, to the people, using practical not subtle arguments.’ B. Twyne, MS. XXI, 280 (Episc. Coventr. ‘in suis institutis MS.’).

205 Opera Inedita, pp. 88, 428.

206 Chron. Majora, IV, 245.

207 Ibid. 647.

208 Lanerc. Chron. p. 130; cf. ibid. pp. 45, 58.

209 Mon. Franc. I, 348. The statute was to be subscribed by ‘the Chancellor and all the regent masters in Holy Scripture... and Friar Adam called de Marisco.’

210 Mon. Franc. I, 335.

211 For Grostete, see Lanerc. Chron. p. 45: ‘The friars then going to Robert as to a pedagogue relate what has happened and beg him to say what he thought,’ &c. The extraordinary activity of Adam Marsh in this and in many other spheres has been too often and too well described to detain us here: see Brewer’s pref. to Mon. Franc. I, Pauli, ‘Pictures of Old England,’ pp. 67, 68 (extract quoted by Lyte, p. 51), and his ‘Grosteste and Adam Marsh.’ Cf. Bacon, Op. Ined. p. 186. Adam’s description of the ideal pastor might be applied to himself. Mon. Franc. I, 445.

212 For Adam’s influence with Hen. III, see Lanerc. Chron. p. 24; Mon. Franc. I, 142 and 268 (on behalf of Earl Simon). He incurred the royal displeasure ‘propter verba vitae;’ ibid. 275. Cf. ibid. 335: one of the grounds on which he declines to assist the Archbishop in his visitation is ‘districtum domini regis mandatum, quo interdictum fuit domino archiepiscopo ne me, velut proditorium inimicum, ad comitivam suam evocaret.’ Cf. p. 387, he is summoned to Reading and London ‘on matters of the highest importance, touching the sceptre and the kingdom.’

213 Ibid. p. 110. Compare Nicholas de Lyra’s commentary on Psalm xliv. quoted by J. Rouse, ‘Hist. Regum Anglie,’ ed. Hearne, p. 38.

214 Mon. Franc. I, 267.

215 Stubbs, Const. Hist. II, p. 313, n. 1: ‘The sentiments not of the people but of the Universities, and incidentally of the Franciscans also, are exemplified in the long Latin poem printed in Wright’s Political Songs, pp. 72-121.... It was clearly a manifesto, amongst themselves, of the men whose preaching guided the people.’

216 See note 6, p. 32. The poem expresses the constitutional view of monarchy with extraordinary clearness. Parts of it are translated by Mr. York Powell, ‘Hist. of England,’ pp. 148-9, and 152.

217 Polit. Songs (Camden Soc.), p. 124.

218 ‘Miracula Symonis de Montfort’ (printed at the end of Rishanger’s Chronicle, Camden Soc. 1840), pp. 87, 95, 96. Cf. Dictum de Kenilworth, cap. 8 (Stubbs’ Select Charters, pp. 420-421).

219 Cf. Bacon, Op. Ined. 329. It was apparently in this relationship that ‘Juvenis Johannes’ stood to Roger Bacon.

220 Mon. Franc. I, 314-316.

221 Adam’s position was exceptional, and his socius no doubt exceptionally hard-worked.

222 Mon. Franc. I, 354.

223 See the list of 67 lectores in Part II. The list is taken from the Cottonian MS. of Eccleston. In the same MS. (Cott. Nero A IX, fol. 78) is a similar list of readers at Cambridge under the heading, ‘Fratrum Minorum Magistri Cantabrigie.’

224 Mon. Franc. I, 335; cf. Harl. MS. 431, fol. 100 b, election of J. David to be lector at Hereford: Wadding, X, p. 156 (A. D. 1430); XIII, 73. At first the lecturers seem to have been appointed by the Provincial Minister (Mon. Franc. I, 37, 354), or, when a friar was sent from one province to another, by the General (Ibid. 39, R. de Colebruge). In the 14th and 15th centuries, the reader had to be confirmed by the General, and might be appointed by him: MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, f. 77 b; and Wadding, X, 156. Anal. Franc. II, 240 (A. D. 1411).

225 Mon. Franc. I, 357.

226 Woodford in his reply to Armachamus (cap. 8) says: ‘Pope Benedict ordained statutes for the order of friars Minors, of great and mature counsel, which are called among the Minorities statuta papalia; in these it is decreed concerning which parts of the Order ought to lecture on the Sentences at Paris, which parts at Oxford and Cambridge, how they ought to be elected in general and provincial chapters, and how consequently they ought to ascend to the doctor’s degree by papal ordinance or election of the Order.’ The constitutions of Benedict XII, de studiis (A. D. 1336), were printed in Chronologia historico-legalis seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum, Neapoli 1650, tom. I, p. 46 (referred to in Anal. Franc. II, 165); I have not seen this book. They are omitted by Baronius et Raynaldus, Annales Eccles. Vol. XXV, p. 92 seq. They are contained in Bodl. MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, ff. 73 seq., but no mention of Oxford occurs here. The following regulations are given for Cambridge (fol. 77 b): ‘Simili quoque modo, aliorum (qui) ordinabuntur ad legendum sentencias in studio Cantabrigie, duo assumantur duobus annis de provincia Anglie per ipsius provincie provinciale Capitulum eligendi, et tercius anno tercio de aliis partibus ordinis per generale capitulum tam de cismontanis quam de ultramontanis eligendus.’

227 MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 78: ‘Nullus quoque frater dicti ordinis ad legendum in prenominatis studiis (i.e. recognised Universities) sententias assumatur, nisi prius legerit 4^or libros sententiarum cum scriptis approbatorum doctorum in aliis studiis qui (sic) in eodem ordine dicuntur generalia vel conventibus infrascriptis, vidz... Londoniensi, Eboricensi,... Novi castri, Stramforicensi (?)... Exoniensi,’ &c. Nineteen convents in all are mentioned; only those which are, or may be, in England are here quoted. I have found no evidence to show whether this rule was or was not carried out.

228 Anal. Franc. II, 241.

229 Lyte, p. 107.

230 Mon. Franc. I, 232.

231 See dates of the Oxford lectors in Part II; Harl. MS. 431, fol. 100 b, &c. The period of necessary Regency was at first one year, afterwards two.

232 That the Chapters of the Minorites were actually held yearly in England may be seen from Pat. Roll, 1 Hen. IV, part 5, m. 7: ‘ac pro capitulo suo provinciali quod in Anglia singulis annis celebratur.’

233 e.g. Adam Marsh, T. Docking, &c.

234 Mon. Franc. I, 40.

235 MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, f. 11 b; Lanerc. Chron. p. 130: ‘Non,’ inquit (janitor), ‘audeo tam mane ostiolum illius (i.e. magistri scholarum) pulsare, cum ipse studio intendat quid legere debeat.’

236 MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 80.

237 Mun. Acad. 428; Masters of Arts were compelled to exact their fees. Gratuitous lecturing by Franciscans is always spoken of as exceptional. Thus Nic. de Burgo urges his having lectured ‘pene gratis’ as a reason why he should be excused the payment of his composition (Reg. H. 7, f. 117). A grace to Walter Goodfylde, S.T.B., is conceded ‘condicionata... quod legat unum librum sentenciarum publice et gratis.’

238 Epistolae, pp. 346-7. The bibliographies in Part II will give some idea of the subjects chiefly taught by the early Franciscans: see especially John Wallensis (ethics and practical theology), Thomas Docking (biblical exegesis), Roger Bacon (physics, &c.).

239 Op. Ined. 329. Cf. pp. 81 and 82: ‘tota sapientia concluditur in sacra scriptura... sed ejus explicatio est jus canonicum cum philosophia;’ and this was the system followed by Grosteste and Adam. In the Opus Minus (p. 357), Bacon gives a curious example (after Augustine) of what he understands by ‘explaining the Scriptures by natural science.’ Cf. ‘Les contes moralisés de Nicole Bozon, Frère Mineur,’ by Miss L. T. Smith and Paul Meyer.

240 Mon. Franc. I, 38.

241 Cf. Wadding, IV, 14-15, on the schools of the two Orders at Paris. Tywne, MS. III, 300; Dominicans complain that the seculars ‘prevent scholars from going to the schools of the friars,’ &c. (1312).

242 Cf. Lyte, p. 108; a Dominican Regent goes to the school and finds it occupied by other disputants (1312).

243 Acta Fratrum Praedicatorum, Collectanea, II, p. 217; Archiv für Litt. u. K. Gesch. I, p. 189. Constitutions of the Dominicans in 1228: ‘in libris gentilium et philosophorum non studeant,’ &c. Bacon, Op. Ined. p. 426; Denifle, ‘Die Universitäten,’ &c. I, 701, 719-720.

244 Mun. Acad. p. 25: ‘Statuit Universitas Oxoniensis, et si statutum fuerit, iterato consensu corroborat,’ &c.

245 Wood gives 1251 as the date. But both the statute (Mun. Acad. 25) and the letters of Adam Marsh (Mon. Franc. I, 337—reference to controversy about the Southwark Hospital, M. Paris, An. 1252) are clear and at one on the point.

246 Mon. Francisc. I, 338, 346 sqq.

247 Mun. Acad. p. 25—the statute itself.

248 The statute as it exists is not signed.

249 The official account of the proceedings in the suit between the Friars Preachers and the University has recently been edited by Mr. Rashdall, Collect. Vol. II, Oxf. Hist. Soc.

250 Collectanea, Vol. II, p. 264 seq.

251 Ibid. p. 271.

252 John XXII issued several bulls in their favour; Anno 2, VII Kal. Nov., XVII Kal. Nov., Kal. Nov.; Anno 4, IV Id. Aug. I have not seen this last.

253 Collect. II, 272.

254 Mun. Acad. 391. This explanation or compromise was not suggested in any of the three bulls of John XXII, which I have seen. The Pope did not advance matters much: on this point he decreed, ‘quod fratres predicatores et alii religiosi predicti ejusdem loci Oxoniensis, dummodo alias ydonei fuerint, ad idem Magisterium in facultate predicta (sc. theologica), etiam si antea in artibus Magistri non fuerint, non petita, eo pretextu quod Magistri non fuissent in artibus, ab ipsis Cancellario et Magistris vel aliis, ad quos id pro tempore inibi pertinet, licentia per viam gratiae, sed per modum merae justitiae, libere assumantur.’ Bull of John XXII, VIII Kal. Nov. A^o 2, transcribed by Mr. Bliss from Regesta, Vol. 67.

255 Close Rolls, 11 Ric. II, m. 15; 12 Ric. II, m. 45.

256 Wilkins, Concilia, III, 400.

257 Ibid. 574-5. The same form of licensing was used for all faculties, and there was no mention of regency in Arts in the licence for the faculty of theology, strictly speaking: Ibid. 382-3. It was however contained among the conditions which the licentiate swore he had fulfilled or been dispensed from: Ibid. 391-2, 394.

258 Ibid. 575.

259 In 1459 John Alien, B.D. of Cambridge, supplicated for incorporation at Oxford: one of the conditions imposed was, ‘quod solvat xl^s ad fabricacionem scolarum.’ This condition was withdrawn the same day. Regist. Aa, f. 119.

260 Opera Inedita, pp. lv and 399.

261 Twyne, MS. XXII, f. 103 c (Defensorium, cap. 62).

262 Mun. Acad. 206.

263 Ibid. 207-8.

264 The following passage is taken with some alterations from Richard de Bury’s Philobiblon, p. 51 (edited by E. C. Thomas).

265 I do not know to which Order these two belonged.

266 ‘Two Short Treatises,’ &c., p. 30.

267 Wadding, V, 300; statutes made at the General Chapter at Paris, 1292.

268 Ibid. II, 382.

269 Cf. Woodford, Defensorium, cap. 8. Friars are sent to the University by papal ordinance or election by the Order.

270 Such as existed e.g. among the English Benedictines, one monk out of every twenty being sent to the University. Cf. the practice among the Dominicans, at Paris: ‘Tres fratres tantum mittantur ad studium Parisius (sic) de provincia’ (Constitutions, c. 1235, in Archiv f. L. u K. Gesch. I, 189), and at Oxford, whither two students were sent from each province; Fletcher, The Black Friars of Oxford, p. 6.

271 As the estimates of the numbers of friars and monks vary considerably, it may be worth while to give the evidence (which is entirely indirect) on which this calculation is based. In 1255, there were, according to Eccleston, 49 Franciscan houses in England and 1242 friars, giving an average of rather more than 25 to each convent (Mon. Franc. I, 10). At London, according to the Regist. Fratrum Min. London., there were about 100 friars, on the average, in the fourteenth century (Ibid. p. 512). The public records give more trustworthy statistics. It was often customary for the kings on their progresses to give pittances of 4d. each to the friars of the places through which they passed. I have found no such grant to the Oxford Minorites: but the statement in the text may be compared with the following instances.

At London in 1243, there were 80 Minorites (Liberate, 28 Hen. III, m. 18: cf. also Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁶⁄3 and ⁸⁄1); August, 1314, 64 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁴⁄10); October, 1314, 72 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁴⁄10); 1315, 72 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁴⁄10); 1325, 72 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1). At Norwich in 1326, 47 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1). At Lynn in 1326, 38 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1). At Gloucester in 1326, 40 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1). At Cambridge in 1326, 70 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1).

It is not often possible to compare the numbers in the same houses at different dates. In the northern convents, before the Black Death, there was a large decrease: thus at Newcastle in 1299, provision was made for 68 Minorites (Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁸⁄55 f. 4); about 45 years later, for 32 only (Chapter-house Books, A ⁵⁄10, 149); but this may be explained by reference to the special circumstances of the North. Elsewhere we find an increase.

At Winchester, there were 23 Minorites in 1243 (Liberate, 27 Hen. III, m. 2); 43 in 1315 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁴⁄10). At Reading, there were 13 in 1239 (Liberate, 23 Hen. III, m. 3); 26 in 1326 (Q. R. Wardrobe, ¹⁵⁄1).

From these figures, and from the Bull of Clement V in 1309 (granting property of the Friars of the Sack to the Grey Friars), we may infer that the numbers in the Oxford convent increased rather than diminished up to A. D. 1349.

272 Mun. Acad. 388: ‘quidam in eorum primo adventu in villam Oxoniae... ad opponendum in sacra theologia se offerunt inopinate.’ Ibid. 390: ‘nisi prius dictas liberales artes per octo annos integros in Universitate vel alibi rite audierit,’ &c. Friars sometimes however spent the whole time at the University; see Regist. G. 6, fol. 55 a (R. Burton); H. 7, fol. 124 (J. Thornall).

273 Mun. Acad. 389; Lyte, 223.

274 Mun. Acad. 389. One of these years at least must be spent at Oxford; ib. 388: sometimes six or even twelve years’ residence in a University was insisted on; Regist. G. 6, f. 61 b (Banester); H. 7, f. 73 (Thornall).

275 Ibid. 204, 388: ‘a doctore proprio ejusdem ordinis et Regente.’

276 Mun. Acad. 204, 388.

277 Ibid. 389.

278 Cf. Univ. Reg. Vol. II, Part I, p. 22, disputations ‘in Parvisis’ (for B.A.).

279 Mun. Acad. 206.

280 The usual form of application for B.D. is: ‘Supplicat frater Joannes Brown ordinis minorum et scolaris in sacra theologia quatenus studium 12 annorum in logicis philosophicis et theologicis sufficiat ut admittatur ad opponendum in novis scolis qua habita una cum responsione possit admitti ad lecturam libri sententiarum.’ Reg. G. 6, f. 107.

281 Regist. G. 6, f. 254 b: cf. ibid. f. 187, similar condition in the grace to Friar W. Walle, 1513.

282 Reg. A a, f. 101 b.

283 Ibid. 87 b.

284 Reg. G. 6, f. 127 b; ibid. 160 a. John de Castro of Bologna became B.D. four days after his admission to opposition (Boase, Register, p. 93).

285 Reg. A a, f. 74 b: ‘oppositio in singulis scolis’ (J. Sunday, 1453).

286 Reg. G. 6, and H. 7, passim.

287 Mun. Acad. 389.

288 Ibid.: this ceremony was called ‘deponing.’

289 Ibid. 395.

290 This seems to be the general sense of the words: ‘non replicet pluries quam semel in termino, ultra introitus librorum, et cessationes eorumdem; introitus enim et cessationes librorum, ac recitatio locorum ad materiam propriam pertinens,... pro replicationibus minime computantur;’ Ibid. 395. For these technical terms, cf. Twyne, MS. II, f. 147 b.

291 Collectanea, II, 225, 270; Mun. Acad. 392.

292 Mun. Acad. 395: this is the sermon which is often alluded to in the Supplications, &c. of the fifteenth century as ‘sermo ad quem tenetur ex novo statuto.’

293 Collectanea, II, 270. The registers make no mention of this sermon; it seems to have been superseded by sermons at St. Paul’s, St. Frideswide’s, St. Mary’s, &c. See Reg. G. 6, f. 185; H. 7, f. 51 b, 110, &c.

294 Mun. Acad. 391, 396. From the latter passage (and from statute of 1253, ibid. p. 25) it would appear that lectures on the Bible were a substitute for lectures on the Sentences: ‘et aliquem librum de canone bibliae vel sententiarum Oxoniae in scholis theologiae publice legant.’ This however does not seem to have been the case in reality: see supplicat of Friar John Sunday, Feb. 5, 1453/4, in Appendix: cf. Reg. A a, f. 54 (J. Florence), 122 (Ednam), f. 114, &c.

295 Mun. Acad. 392, 394: ‘biblice seu cursorie.’ For the explanation of the term ‘cursory lectures,’ see Clark’s Univ. Reg., Vol. II, Part I, p. 76.

296 Mun. Acad. 392, 394. I do not understand ‘concursivae’; cf. note 6 on p. 81.

297 Clark, Register of the Univ., Vol. II, Pt. II, pp. 109-110.

298 Reg. A a, f. 79 b (printed in Appendix).

299 Reg. G. 6, f. 47 b.

300 Three years was theoretically the minimum; Mun. Acad. 391: the extension of the period to four years must be of later date; Clark, Reg. Vol. II, Pt. II, p. 139. An instance of the later custom is found in 1507; Reg. G. 6, fol. 22 b.

301 Reg. G. 6, fol. 168 b, 187 b.

302 Ibid. fol. 160, 187 b.

303 Ibid. fol. 22 b.

304 Registers, passim: cf. Clark, Register, Vol. II, Pt. I, 142 seq., for the later customs.

305 Mun. Acad. 379, 396.

306 Ibid. 374, 377, 380, 450.

307 Ibid. 432, 433. The phrase ‘tenere vesperias’ (cf. ibid. 429) perhaps refers to the Master who presided, ‘celebrare vesperias,’ to the incepting Bachelor. Vesperies might be held in any faculty on any day which was a dies legibilis among the artists; Mun. Acad. 433. Anstey (Ibid.) and Lyte (213) are mistaken in thinking that this only applied to the Faculty of Arts.

[308] Collectanea, II, 217, 222-3.

309 Mun. Acad. 393; Collectanea, ibid.

310 Mun. Acad. 432.

311 Cf. Lyte, 106.

312 This at least was the later practice; Clark, Register of the Univ., Vol. II, Pt. I. p. 180: the statute in Mun. Acad. 432 (‘quomodo Regens,’ &c.) may mean that the presiding master proposed the questions; perhaps this refers only to the Arts Faculty.

313 See decree of 1586 in Clark, Reg. of Univ., Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 120—evidently an attempt to return to an older custom: cf. Mun. Acad. 433-4, though this probably refers only to the Act.

314 Assisi MS., No. 158, questio 185: Hugh of Hertepol however probably presided in this case; see Part II.

315 Ibid, questio 159.

316 Trivet, Annals, p. 306; Lyte, 214.

317 Bale, Script. Brit., Vol. I, p. 306: ‘in vesperiis Adae.’

318 Trivet, ut supra.

319 Mun. Acad. 392: ‘sicut in ecclesia Virginis gloriosae honorem recipit magistralem.’ Perhaps it was always unusual to hold the Act anywhere except in St. Mary’s.

320 Rashdall, Early Hist. of Oxford; Church, Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIII; Lyte, p. 213 seq.; Mon. Franc. I, 135.

321 Friar John Smyth, Minorite, was created D.D. by the Abbat of Winchcombe; Reg. G. 6, fol. 31 b. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 348.

322 Mun. Acad. 433: ‘Incepturi quidem suas legant in principio lectiones, deinde quaestiones, quas disputare voluerint, proponentes Magistris opponant.’

323 Clark, Regist. of the Univ., Vol. II, pt. I, pp. 144, 180, 121.

324 Mun. Acad. 433 (passage quoted in note 3 of this page).

325 Cf. Assisi MS. No. 158, questio 117: ‘questio domini Archidiaconi essexte in inceptione sua: respondit archidiaconus Oxon’.’

326 No. 158 in the Municipal (formerly conventual) Library at Assisi. Some of the questions have the names of Cambridge friars attached to them (e.g. Letheringfont; and questio 104, frater Johannes Crussebut apud Cantebrigiam); two are disputations by Minorites at Paris and in curia. The names of seculars and Friars Preachers also occur.

327 See e.g. John Brown, Regist. G. 6, fol. 107, 185. Robert Sanderson, ibid. fol. 107 and 171: contrast W. German, ibid., fol. 187, 301. The generalizations in this paragraph are derived from an examination and analysis of all the entries, relating to the Franciscans, in the University Registers to the end of the year 1525.

328 Mun. Acad. 434.

329 Ibid. 480; cf. Regist. A a, f. 2.

330 Ibid. 450-1.

331 Ibid. 353, &c.

332 Two Short Treatises, &c. (ed. 1608), p. 30.

333 See Part II.

334 Bodleian MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 79 b, cap. X. De expensis studencium evitandis.

335 p’nis, principiis (MS.).

336 Mun. Acad. 353-4.

337 Regist. G. 6, f. 187 b; J. Smyth (1513).

338 Regist. A a, fol. 7 (printed in Boase’s Reg. p. 287).

339 Reg. A a, f. 128; cf. ibid. 122. Ednam was probably in an exceptional position: shortly after this he became Bishop of Bangor; Le Neve, Fasti.

340 e.g. on Nov. 27, 1506, ‘supplicat frater Johannes Smyȝth ordinis minorum s. t. b. quatenus secum graciose dispensetur sic quod quinque libre solvende in die admissionis sue possunt sibi sufficere pro sua composicione. Hec est concessa condicionata quod quinquies dicat missam de quinque vulneribus et ter dicat missam de trinitate pro bono statu regentium ante Pascha.’

341 Regist. G. 6, fol. 169 b: cf. Regist. H. 7, f. 140, S. Thornall (printed in Appendix).

342 e.g. W. German, W. Walle: see Part II.

343 Regist. H. 7, f. 117.

344 Reg. G. 6, f. 177, G. Sander.

345 Mun. Acad. 755: cf. Ric. Ednam above. A monk gave robes to all the Regent Masters of Arts at his inception in 1360; Mun. Acad. 223.

346 Mun. Acad. 419, 451, 452.

347 Ibid. 453.

348 Or earlier: see Mon. Franc. I, 347.

349 Regist. A a, f. 83.

350 Ibid. f. 62 b.

351 Reg. H. 7, f. 6 b.

352 Reg. G. 6, f. 207.

353 Ibid. f. 104 b, and f. 199 b: cf. N. de Burgo, H. 7, f. 117 b.

354 Reg. G. 6, f. 194 b: cf. T. Frances, H. 7, f. 68.

355 Mun. Acad. 396; Reg. G. 6, f. 213 b (R. Saunderson), 214 (G. Sawnder), &c.

356 Registers, passim.

357 Reg. A a, f. 51 b, J. David (see Appendix); G. 6, fol. 39, Gerard Smyth; H. 7, fol. 117, N. de Burgo.

358 Regist. G. 6, f. 39 b, W. Gudfeld (see Appendix), &c.

359 e.g. Regist. A a, f. 119, John Alien; H. 7, fol. 119, N. de Burgo.

360 Regist. G. 6, fol. 257 b.

361 Regist. H. 7, fol. 51b: cf. D. Williams (ibid.):... ‘predicet unum sermonem in ecclesia divi pauli London, et solvat angelum aureum ad reparationem baculi inferioris bedelli artium.’ Cf. ibid. fol. 64, the same friar was to pay 12d. for the same purpose.

362 See the will of William Maryner, ‘citezein and salter of London,’ in Somerset House (P.C.C. Fetiplace, qu. 8), A. D. 1512: ‘Item, I bequeth to the exhibucion of a vertuons scoler of the said freeres Minours (of London) to be provided and ordeyned of the goode discrecion of the said wardeyn of the place, v^li.’ Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. III, p. 497: May 24, 1521, ‘to a Grey Friar for his exhibition at Oxford 8d.’ (weekly?).

363 Bullarium Romanum, I, 251 (‘Martiniana,’ A. D. 1430), cap. X: ‘... ita et taliter quod cuilibet studenti pro posse provideatur de suis necessariis, tam pro libris, quam pro reliquis opportunis, de communibus eleemosynis per procuratorem receptis pro quolibet conventu sive loco nativo fratris ad studium promovendi. Exhortantes strictissime in visceribus Jesu Christi ceteros fratres aliorum locorum, quod quum viderint idoneos ad studia promovendos, totis viribus eisdem impendant auxilium, consilium et favorem,... quaerendo pro eis eleemosynas, recommendando valentibus subvenire,’ &c.

364 See note 7: cf. Wiclif, Trialogus, IV, cap. 35 (p. 369): ‘... quilibet consumat annuatim in persona sua de bonis regni centum solidos et totidem in aedificationibus,’ &c. Lyte, p. 93, on cost of living at Oxford: cf. Palmer, in Reliquary, Vol. XIX, p. 76; the king supported Dominicans at Langley at the rate of 3d. a day each, A. D. 1337.

365 Bodl. MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 80.

366 Twyne, MS. IV, 173.

367 See Wood-Clark, II, 386.

368 The Register as edited by Boase has been relied on in the main. J. Whytwell, described by Boase as a friar, was a Minorite (Reg. A a, fol. 23 b): similarly John Harvey (Acta Cur. Canc. F, f. 212 b), and J. de Castro (ibid. F, f. 263). Edward Drewe (sup. for B.A. in June, 1505) is called friar by Boase, not in Reg. G. 6, f. 1. Simon Clerkson was a Carmelite. Reg. I, 8, f. 279.

369 Those described merely as friars or monks and whose Order I have not discovered, I have omitted in this calculation.

370 M. Gryffith (Boase, 168) is described in one place as Dominican, in another as Franciscan: I have counted him among the Dominicans.

371 MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 11 b (Bodleian): ‘Nullus frater cameram habeat clausam vel a dormitorio sequestratam, ministris exceptis et lectoribus in generalibus studiis constitutis. Nec in studiis aliorum fratrum habeantur velamina vel clausura, quominus fratres inter (? intra) existentes patere possint aspectibus aliorum.’ This MS. dates from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and contains ‘Constitutiones fratrum Minorum’ made at various times. This extract is from the constitutions of Bonaventura as re-enacted in 1292. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 195; Lanerc. Chron. p. 130. In the sixteenth century the Oxford Carmelites seem to have had a separate ‘cubiculum’ each; Acta Cur. Canc. EEE, f. 249 b.

372 Wiclif, Two Short Treatises, &c., cap. 13 (p. 30). The custom seems to have been new in his time.

373 Cf. note 1. Several grants of timber to the Dominicans ‘ad studia facienda’ occur in the early records; e.g. Close Roll, 42 Hen. III, m. 2; Liberate, 45 Hen. III, m. 6; Close, 53 Hen. III, m. 6, seven oaks to the friars Preachers, Oxford, ‘for the repair of their studies.’ Representations of these studia are not uncommon in mediaeval pictures and illuminations. Savonarola’s studium is still in the Dominican monastery of S. Marco, Florence. Cf. also M. Lyte, p. 204.

374 Bullarium Romanum, I, 251.

375 MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, f. 80 b: cap. x, ‘de libris donatis vel legatis cuivis communitati seu persone ordinis,’ &c.

376 Cf. Burney MS. 325 in principio: ‘Istum librum emit Johannes Ledbury, de ordine fratrum minorum, a magistro Gilberto Hundertone, de elemosina amicorum suorum.’ (A. D. 1349.) In Liberate Roll, 30 Hen. III, m. 10, is a grant of ten marks to a friar, apparently a Minorite of Northampton, ‘ad unam Bibliotecam emendam.’

377 Mon. Franc. I, 359-360. Adam Marsh writes to the Provincial, ‘rogans obnixius quatenus... Bibliam carissimi P. de Wygornia piae recordationis eidem (sc. fratri Thomae de Dokkyng) ad usum salutarem assignare velitis.... Insuper non desunt qui de pretio libri memorati cumulatius, ut audio, satisfaciant.’

378 MS. Canonic. ut supra; cf. Burney MS. 5, Bible belonging to Minorites of St. Edmundsbury, ‘cujus usus debetur fratri Waltero de Bukenham ad vitam.’

379 Mon. Franc. I, 349: ‘Plures, aut audio, reperientur opportuni ad nunc dictum fratris obsequium (i.e. to act as Secretary to Friar Ric. of Cornwall), si scripturae quos ex studiosa praefati fratris R. (Cornubiae) vigilantia manibus suis conscripserint, singulis suae concedantur in usus utilitatis privatae, tam ad communitatis profectum ampliorem.’

380 Bullarium Romanum, I, 110. Friars Minors promoted to bishoprics, &c. shall give up to the General or Provincial Minister ‘libros et alia quae tempore suae promotionis habent,’ as these must really belong to the Order. (A. D. 1255.) The books were however practically treated as private property; see e.g. a MS. in the Bodleian, Laud. Misc. 528, ‘quondam Johannis Ston et Agnetis uxoris ex dono Johannis, fratris ordinis Minorum.’ Cf. ibid. No. 176; Ball. Coll. MS. 133, f. 1, &c.

381 MS. Canonic. ut supra, where careful and elaborate instructions are given: e.g. ‘meliores seu utiliores libri semper remaneant in conventu’; ‘Libri vero ad communitatem custodie pertinentes distribuantur in provinciali capitulo fratribus ejusdem custodie tantum per ministrum et diffinitores juxta disposicionem custodis et fratrum discretorum,’ &c.

382 Opera Ined. p. 13.

383 Mon. Franc. I, 391. The MS. of Adam Marsh’s letters in the Cottonian Collection was probably written in the Franciscan Convent at Oxford.

384 Merton Coll. MSS. 168, 169, 170, 171.

385 Gascoigne, Loci a libro veritatum (ed. Rogers), pp. 103, 140. Cf. Gottlieb, Mittelalterliche Bibliotheken.

386 Stevens, Wood, &c.: who however do not assert it positively.

387 Close Roll, 10 Hen. III, m. 6 (3rd Sept.). The usual meaning of Biblioteca in mediaeval Latin is Bible, and this may possibly be the meaning here.

388 Mon. Franc. I, 634 (from Bartholomew of Pisa).

389 Nic. Trivet, Annales, 243.

390 Mon. Franc. I, 185, letter to the Dean of Lincoln: ‘scriptis... tam editis quam translatis.’

391 MS. Bodl. 198.

392 Gascoigne, passim; cf. note in Balliol Coll. MS. 129, fol. 7 (the handwriting is, I think, Gascoigne’s): ‘et nota quod in illo armario sive libraria (sc. fratrum minorum Oxon.) sunt optimi libri et specialiter ex dono domini R. Grostete... qui fecit plures libros ibi existentes.’

393 Note in Bodleian MS. quoted in preface to Grostete’s Epistolae, p. xcvi.

394 Gascoigne, pp. 102 and 174.

395 Ibid. pp. 126, 177.

396 Ibid. p. 138.

397 Ibid. p. 126.

398 Twyne, MS. XXI, 496: ‘ex tomo 2^o et lib. 5^o Doctrinalis Antiquitatis Ecclesiae Th. Waldeni fratris Carmelitae de Sacramentis, cap. 77.’

399 Annales Minorum, I, 364. The first of these sermons, if not both of them, is contained in MSS. Royal 6 E v, 7 E ii, f. 251 b; Laud. Misc. 402, f. 133; Phillipps, 3119, fol. 62. The sermon de laude paupertatis was preached on the feast of St. Martin to Franciscans: ‘sumusque in loco paupertatis et inter professores paupertatis.’ Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 69.

400 See Gascoigne, pp. 102-3.

401 Ibid. 140. William of Wykeham left his sandals to his college at Oxford; Register Arundel, fol. 215.

402 ‘Comment. de rebus Albionicis,’ quoted in Wood MS. F 29 a, fol. 166, and 177 b. John Twyne lived c. 1500-1581.

403 Wood-Clarke, II, 405, books of Richard Middleton; also some writings of Robert Kilwardby, mentioned by Boston of Bury (Tanner, Bibl. p. xxxviii.)

404 ‘Libellus praeterea est instar catalogi de eruditis Franciscanis, quem olim vidi, atque adeo legi in collegio ei sectae dicato propter Isidis Vadum.’ Leland, Script. 268; other references to it, ibid. 269, 272, 289, 297, 302, 304, 315, 325, 326, 329, 406, 409, 433. It must have been compiled in the 15th century.

405 MS. Balliol Coll. 129, fol. 7.

406 Lambeth MS. 202, fol. 99 b: ‘et preter istas omelias super Jerimiam et ezechielem, scripsit idem Jeronymus 18 libros super ysaiam prophetam et 14 libros super ezechielem, ut patet inter fratres Minores Oxonie, ubi isti libri sunt’ (note by Gascoigne).

407 Wood, Hist. et Antiq. (Latin ed.), p. 83; a note from Gascoigne: the book contained a full account of Grostete’s quarrel with Innocent IV in the chapter on Excommunication. MSS. of the work are Royal 7 C. XV, and Caius Coll. 184.

408 Wood-Clark, II, 380; cf. R. Bacon, Opera Ined. p. 88. Hebrew was taught at Oxford in the fourteenth century; Twyne, MS. XXIV, 94, 101: cf. Wadding, VI, 199, on the efforts of Friar Raymund Lully to secure the teaching of oriental languages at Oxford and elsewhere.

409 MSS. usually contained anathemas against any one who should deface or remove them. Persons into whose possession they came would naturally seek to obliterate all traces of their former ownership; e.g. in Royal MS. 3 D. I (fol. 234 b) the words ‘conventui fratrum minorum Lichefeldie’ (the former owners of the book) are almost obliterated; ‘a fure viz. qui codicem abstulerat,’ remarks Casley: cf. Bodl. MS. Canonic. Misc. 80 (a thirteenth-century Bible), ‘olim Fratrum ordinis Minorum de...’

410 Nos. 348 and 403. It is not expressly stated whether the latter belonged to the Oxford Franciscans; see Smith’s Catalogue, p. 166. I do not know the age of either of these MSS.; probably c. 1500.

411 MS. Bodl. 198.

412 Now Lincoln Coll. MS. 54: see p. 61, n. 7.

413 Lambeth MS. 202 (sec. xiii). It cannot be certainly identified: the volume has been rebound and several leaves cut out at the end. There is nothing to indicate to what house or Order the book belonged. On fol. 81 occurs a note on the title of the ‘Catalogus’ of St. Jerome, with the addition: ‘Hoc Mag. Thomas Gascoigne Oxonia in Collegio de Oriell Ebor’ diosic’ natus; 1432.’ In Ball. Coll. MS. 129, f. 7, is the note, apparently in Gascoigne’s writing, ‘qui liber (sc. virorum illustrium) est in armario fratrum minorum Oxonie; et continet idem liber plures alios bonos libros.’ Lambeth MS. 202 contains also several treatises by St. Augustine, Isidore, &c.: see Todd’s Catalogue.

414 MS. Cott. Vitell. C. viii: cf. Mon. Franc. I, p. lxix.

415 Among the contents are, treatises against the Mendicant Orders, Grostete’s sermon in praise of poverty, Eccleston’s Chronicle, Impugnacio Fratrum Minorum per Fratres Praedicatores apud Oxon’, and other tracts relating for the most part to the Franciscans.

416 Digby MS. 90; this extract is copied from the catalogue. The treatise has been printed under the name of Simon de Tunstede by E. de Coussemaker, ‘Auctores de Musica,’ &c., Vol. IV, pp. 220-299 (Paris, 1876).

417 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 488, ‘ex chartophylacio civitatis Oxon. In fasciculo Brevium’; (this is not now among the City Records). The date is, ‘T. meipso apud Wodestok, 28 die Martii a^o regni nostri 4^o,’ i.e. Edward III (not II, as Twyne), who was then at Woodstock; and the mention of P. de la Beche, sheriff, leaves no doubt on the matter (see Wood, Annals, A^o 1327).

418 Twyne, ut supra: ‘In dorso brevis, ita: “Gardianus ordinis fratrum minorum et frater Walterus de Chatton confrater ejusdem Gardiani nihil habent in balliva nostra extra sanctuarium ubi possunt summoneri seu attachiari; ideo de eis nihil actum est.”’

419 e.g. his statement that in his time there were 30,000 students at Oxford.

420 Sermon in Twyne, MS. XXII, 103 a-b.

421 Mun. Acad. 233.

422 Philobiblon (ed. E. C. Thomas), pp. 65-8.

423 Ibid. (§ 135).

424 Ibid. p. 47.

425 The will of Henry Standish contains a bequest of five marks for books (1535); this is the only instance which I have found. See list of bequests in Chapter VII. On the other hand it must be remembered that a friary produced its own books.

426 See note by Gascoigne in MS. Bodl. 198, fol. 107 (A. D. 1433): ‘et nota quod omnes note et figure in margine istius libri fuerunt scripte propria manu sancte memorie Magistri Roberti Grosseteste Episcopi Lincolniensis, et librum dedit mihi sponte sub sigillo suo conventus fratrum minorum Oxonie.’ Gascoigne is said to have given the books which he had from the Minorites to the libraries of Balliol, Oriel, Lincoln and Durham Colleges; this MS. was given to Durham College.

427 Cromwell Corresp. (Rec. Office), Second Series, Vol. XXIII, fol. 709 b. Leland, who was evidently received with scant courtesy by the Franciscans, and who is consequently very bitter against them (he calls them ‘braying donkeys’), remarks on the dispersion of the books: ‘Nam Roberti episcopi volumina et exemplaria omnia, ingenti pretio comparata, furto ab ipsis Franciscanis, huc illuc ex praescripto commigrantibus (aut ut verius loquar) vagantibus sublata sunt’; quoted in Wood-Clark, II, 381-2.

428 Mun. Acad. p. 264.

429 Register G, fol. 35 a (A. Kell); Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 156 b (W. German and J. Porret).

430 Leland, Collect. Vol. III, p. 60. Cf. Wood-Clark, II, 381-2. Leland mentions only one library; but he probably saw all that was to be seen.

431 Brewer, Mon. Francisc. I, p. li. See the rest of his luminous remarks there, and in his preface to R. Bacon, Opera Inedita.

432 Opera Ined. pp. 19-20, Opus Tertium.

433 Cf. Ibid. p. 116, on the potential value of burning-glasses in the Crusades.

434 Ibid. 53. Cf. p. 50, ethical part of moral philosophy: ‘et haec est pulchrior sapientia quam possit dici.’

435 e.g. Opus Majus, 46; Opus Tert. pp. 3-4, 10-11, 40, 48, 84; Opus Minus, 323; Compend. Studii, 395, 397, 400 sqq., &c.

436 Twyne, MS. II, fol. 23, from Register of D’Alderby, bishop of Lincoln; printed in Wood, Hist, et Antiq. (Lat. ed.), p. 134, and in Wood-Clark, II, p. 386. It may seem bold to identify ‘Johannes Douns’ with the great schoolman, but there is no doubt he was a young friar at Oxford at the time (he lectured at Oxford c. 1304); and he is in company with many other prominent schoolmen of the time.

437 Two of them were already D.D.’s.

438 Opera Inedita, p. lvi. Cf. Sir Francis Bacon: ‘non accipit indoctus verba scientiae, nisi prius ea dixeris quae versantur in corde ejus.’

439 Mon. Francisc. I, li. See ‘Les contes moralisés’ of Friar Nicholas Bozon. Wiclif is less complimentary to Friars’ sermons: they are ‘japes’ pleasing to the people, and ‘rimes’; Select Works, III, 180. The old school of theologians, secular and monastic, and the clergy disliked them intensely.

440 The Franciscans at Northampton receive ten oaks to build a house for their schools; Close Roll, 42 Hen. III, m. 6 (dated Oxford, June 26).

441 Mon. Franc. I, 38. Brewer (p. xlix) gives a misleading version of the passage. The original of the last part runs thus: ‘Assignaverat enim in Universitatibus, pro singulis locis, studentes, qui decedentibus vel amotis lectoribus succederent.’

442 e.g. Thomas of York for Oxford, Mon. Franc. I, 357.

443 It was not necessary that he should have been at any studium generale. Thus the Dominicans complain that a friar who has often lectured on the sentences and Bible extra universitatem cannot lecture on the Bible at Oxford unless he is a B.D. Acta Fratrum Praedicatorum, Collectanea, II, 226. Cf. Clement IV’s constitutions for the Friars Minors in 1265, Bullarium Romanum, p. 130, § 5: ‘Fratres autem de ordine vestro, quos secundum institutiones ipsius ordinis conventibus vestris deputandos duxeritis in lectores, sine cujusquam alterius licentia libere in domibus praedicti ordinis legere ac docere valeant in theologica facultate (illis locis exceptis in quibus viget studium generale), ac etiam quilibet in facultate ipsa docturus solemniter incipere consuevit.’

444 Mon. Franc. I, letter 178. It is no doubt addressed to W. of Nottingham (who died 1251), as in a letter written later than this and referring to R. de Thornham, Adam mentions ‘Peter minister of Cologne,’ i.e. P. of Tewkesbury, Nottingham’s successor in the English Provincialate; ibid. letter 183.

445 Ibid. letter 179.

446 Harl. MS. 431, fol. 100 b (printed in Appx. B). Wadding, Vol. X, p. 156 (cap. viii of the ‘Martiniana,’ A. D. 1430); Vol. XIII, 73.

447 Harl. MS. ut supra. Cambridge Public Library, MS. Ee. V. 31, contains letters addressed by the convent of Christchurch, Canterbury, to the Provincial Minister and Chapter of the Friars Minors in England, requesting permission for Friar R. de Wydeheye to continue to act as master of their schools; the letter was written every year; e.g. in 1285, 1286, 1287, &c.: see ff. 21 b, 24 b, 28, 29, 34, &c.: cf. Wilkins, Concilia, II, 122.

448 Cambridge MS. Ee. V. 31, fol. 156 b, ‘Littera fratris Roberti de Fulham quondam lectoris nostri de conversacione sua.’ It is doubtful whether he is the same as Robert de Wydeheye mentioned in the preceding note, and whether he had been at the University.

449 See Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. d. Mittelalters, VI, 63 (A. D. 1292) and Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 717 (A. D. 1467); printed in Appx. B.

450 Scotland for many years formed part of the English province. Mon. Franc. I, 32; Wadding, IV, 136.

451 Stephen of Ireland, Malachias of Ireland, Maurice de Portu, &c.

452 William de Prato; perhaps N. de Anilyeres, or Aynelers, or Anivers (Mon. Franc. I, 316, 379, 380). Several English students returned to Oxford from Paris before taking their degree (e.g. Ric. of Cornwall; Mon. Franc. I, 39); and probably many came over during the dissensions at Paris in the middle of the thirteenth century. See also decree of Gen. Chapter of Milan, 1285; ‘Provintia Aquitanie potest mittere unum studentem Oxonie’; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. d. Mittelalters, VI, 56.

453 See Part II, Peter Philargus of Candia (Alex. V), John de Castro of Bologna, Nic. de Burgo, Francis de S. Simone de Pisa, &c.

454 Rymer’s Foed. IV, 30. It was probably in Paris that Roger Bacon was laughed at by the Spanish scholars at his lectures; Opera Ined. 91, 467.

455 Part II, Gundesalvus de Portugalia, Peter Lusitanus, etc.

456 Mon. Franc. I, 313, Part II, Hermann of Cologne, Mat. Döring; Anal. Francisc. II, 242: ‘Provinciae seu studia, ad quas et quae Provincia Argentinensis studentes de debito transmittere potest; videl. Oxoniae, Cantabrigiae,’ &c.

457 Mon. Franc. I, 38: ‘Usque adeo fama fratrum Angliae, et profectus in studio aliis etiam provinciis innotuit, ut minister generalis, Frater Helias, mitteret pro Fratre Philippo Walensi et Fratre Ada de Eboraco qui Lugduni legerunt.’ Lyons was not a generale studium; Denifle, I, 223.

458 Mon. Franc. I, 39. As the passage is of great interest, it may be quoted at some length: ‘An excellent lecturer, who studied with me at Oxford, used always in the schools, when the master was lecturing or disputing, to employ himself in the compilation of original things instead of attending to the lecture. Now when he had become lecturer himself, his hearers became so inattentive, that he said he would as lief shut up his book every day and go home, as lecture; and conscience-stricken he said, “By a just judgment of God, no one will listen to me, because I would never listen to any teacher.” He was besides, since he consorted too much with seculars and thus paid less attention to the brethren than was usual, a living example to the others, that the words of wisdom are only learnt in silence and quiet.... But after he had returned to himself and applied himself to quiet contemplation, he made such excellent progress that the Bishop of Lincoln said that “he himself could not have delivered such a lecture as he had delivered.” So, as his good fame grew, he was called to the parts of Lombardy by the General Minister, and in the very court of the pope was in high repute. But at last, as he was in the extreme agony, the Mother of God, to whom he had always been devoted, appeared to him, and drove away the evil spirits, and he was held worthy, as he afterwards revealed to a friend, to enter happily to the pains of purgatory. For he told him that he was in purgatory and had great pains in his feet, because he was wont to go too often to a holy woman (religiosam matronam) to console her, when he ought to have been intent on his lectures and other more necessary occupations; he begged him also to have masses celebrated for his soul.’

459 Grostete, Epistolae, p. 334.

460 Mon. Franc. I, 354.

461 See Part II.

462 Peckham’s Reg. p. 977, and Part II.

463 For dates and authorities, see notices of these friars in Part II.

464 Liber Conformitatum, fol. 126. This list does not always agree with Eccleston; the latter mentions e.g. a ‘custody of Salisbury,’ p. 27.

465 Liber Conform. f. 99. For a curious use of the word, see Liberate Roll, 17 Hen. III, m. 10; the custodes of the houses of Friars Minors in Dublin were seculars and trustees of their property.

466 Liber Conform. ibid.

467 Mon. Franc. I, 27. In the custody of Cambridge the brethren did not use ‘mantles.’

468 Ibid.

469 See notices in Part II.

470 Evers, Analecta, p. 60.

471 Ibid., and Mon. Franc. I, 48. The custodian admitted novices to profession; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, 89.

472 Wright, Suppression of the Monasteries (Camden Soc.), p. 217. The word is sometimes used as equivalent to gardianus; e.g. Acta Cur. Cancell. F. fol. 53 b. Cf. W. of Esseby, Warden and Custodian of Oxford, Mon. Franc. I, 10, 27.

473 Mon. Franc. I, 69. If we may believe Eccleston, the sermon seems hardly to have expressed Grostete’s real convictions; he told W. of Nottingham in private, ‘quod adhuc fuit gradus quidam superior, scilicet vivere ex proprio labore.’ On this sermon, see Chapter IV, p. 58.

474 Ibid. 55; ‘in festo Purificationis,’ i.e. Feb. 2nd, prob. anno 1237.

475 Ibid. 29, 31: in the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston (fol. 75) he is called Wygerius. Jordan’s Chronicle gives 1237 as the date of the visitation, 1238 as the date of the appeal; Analecta Franciscana I, pp. 18-19.

476 Mon. Franc. I, 30. A chapter was held in London about May 18th, 1238 (Liberate Roll, 22 Hen. III, m. 11), and at Oxford soon after June 30th, 1238 (ibid. m. 15); the latter entry, dated June 30th, runs thus: ‘Rex ballivis suis Oxon’ salutem. Precipimus vobis quod de firma ville nostre Oxonie faciatis habere fratribus minoribus Oxon’ X marcas ad sustentacionem suam et fratrum suorum qui nuper convenient ad capitulum sunm apud Oxon’.’ These are probably the chapters held by the visitor.

477 Mon. Franc. I, 31.

478 Ibid. 30.

479 Ibid.: ‘Igitur cum venissent fratres ad Romam, mox petiverunt ut fratres de cetero in suis locis visitarentur per capitulum generale,’ &c. It is no doubt to these events that Grostete refers in his letters to Gregory IX and Cardinal Rinaldo Conti, Protector of the Order at Rome; Epistolae, LVIII, LIX.

480 Wadding, Vol. III, sub anno.

481 Mon. Franc. I, 68. The date is fixed by the entry in Liberate Roll, 32 Hen. III, m. 7 (May 16th, 1248).

482 Mon. Franc. I, 50; probably an offshoot of the errors of Mendicants at Paris, 1243; see Mat. Paris, Chronica Majora, Vol. IV, pp. 280-3; Martene and Durand, Thesaurus, &c., Vol. IV, p. 1686, § 8.

483 Liberate Roll, ut supra: ‘Mandatum est Vicecomiti Oxon’ et Berkshire quod... cariari faciat unum dolium vini usque Domum fratrum Minorum Oxon’, quibus Rex illud dedit de celario quod fuit Roberti Blundi Vinetarii, et eisdem fratribus in die Capituli sui inveniat victui necessaria de elemosina Regis’ (Woodstock, May 16).

484 Osney Chron. in Ann. Monast. IV, 318; Peckham, Register, p. 958.

485 Eulogium Historiarum (continuatio), III, 403; Wadding, IX, 499.

486 Eulog. Hist. III, 405. The diploma of Innoc. VII (in Wadding, IX, 499) gives the names of the commissioners.

487 Eulog. Hist. ibid.

488 Wadding, ut supra.

489 Phillipps, MS. 3119, fol. 87 dorse (printed in Appx. C). This happened before 1269; the names are not given. Perhaps the explanation of the following note to the list of lectors at Oxford in Eccleston’s Chronicle is to be found here: ‘Notandum quod secundum alia chronica quartus magister... hic non nominatur,’ &c. Mon. Franc. I, 552.

490 Chron. Majora IV, 279.

491 ‘Viri literati et scolares,’ ibid.

492 The proselytising fervour of the Dominicans is well illustrated in the letters of Jordan, Master of the Order, 1223-1236, Lettres du B. Jourdain de Saxe (Paris, 1865), pp. 28, 66, &c.; p. 126: ‘Apud studium Oxoniense, ubi ad praesens eram, spem bonae captionis Dominus nobis dedit’ (A. D. 1230). But Jordan cherished no ill-feeling against the Franciscans: Mon. Franc. I, 22.

493 Mon. Franc. I, 56.

494 i.e. Robert, not Roger, as Leland and others have supposed; even Dean Plumptre makes this mistake; Contemp. Review, Vol. II.

495 Mon. Franc. I, 56. A Papal letter containing the last clause and addressed to the Friars Minors is printed in Wadding, III, 400; the date is ‘X Kal. April. Pontificatus anno xii,’ i.e. 1238.

496 Mon. Franc. I, 56. See letters of Innocent IV (1244) to the Friars Preachers and Friars Minors in Wadding, III, 433-5. In these the Pope refers to other letters of his forbidding either Order to receive the obligatos of the other; the term is now declared not to include novices during their year of probation.

497 Fletcher, Black Friars in Oxford, pp. 6-7. John Darlington, one of the King’s nominees in the committee of twenty-four appointed in 1258 to carry out reforms, was a Dominican; Pat. 50 Hen. III, m. 42; Stubbs, Const. Hist. II, 77. The confessors of the English kings were almost invariably Dominicans. Compare also the part which the Oxford Dominicans took in the Piers Gaveston struggle.

498 Dean Plumptre (Contemp. Rev. II, p. 376 note) identifies the ‘unnamed professor at Paris,’ referred to by Roger Bacon, with Thomas Aquinas, and I am inclined to agree with this suggestion. A passage in Royal MS. 7 F. VII. f. 159 (quoted in Part II, sub Richard of Cornwall) would at first sight seem to identify the unnamed professor with Friar Ric. of Cornwall. But there is no evidence that the latter was quoted as an authority in the schools (like Aristotle, Avicenna, and Averroes) during his lifetime (Bacon, Op. Ined. p. 30), nor could the statement that ‘he never heard lectures on philosophy and was not educated at Paris or any other school where philosophy flourishes’ (ibid. 31 and 327) apply to Richard (Mon. Franc. I, 39). On the other hand, all the facts mentioned about the unnamed professor coincide with what is known of Thomas Aquinas (Quétif-Echard, I, 271). It may then be assumed with some probability that we have here Bacon’s judgment on his great contemporary. ‘Truly,’ he writes, ‘I praise him more than all the crowd of students, because he is a very studious man, and has seen infinite things, and had expense; and so he has been able to collect much that is useful from the sea of authors,’ but he was fatally handicapped by not going through the regular training (Opera Ined. p. 327). His followers maintain that philosophy as published in his works is complete—that nothing further can be added. ‘These writings,’ Bacon continues, ‘have four sins: the first is infinite puerile vanity; the second is ineffable falsity; the third superfluity of volume...; the fourth is that parts of philosophy of magnificent utility and immense beauty and without which facts of common knowledge (quae vulgata sunt) cannot be understood—concerning which I write to your glory—have been omitted by the author of these works. And therefore there is no utility in those writings, but the greatest injury to wisdom.’

499 Mullinger, Cambridge, I, 120-1.

500 Wood, Annals, sub anno 1276, p. 306. Peckham, Reg. III, 852, &c. Kilwardby seems to have generally supported his Order against the Franciscans: see Peckham’s letter to the Prior of the Friars Preachers at Oxford; he is amazed at the ‘cruelty and inconsideration’ of a letter of his predecessor’s, in which the latter apparently made an attack on the Minorites; Register, III, 117-118.

501 Ibid. III, 866, 898. Wood, Annals, 318 seq.; Annales Monast. IV, 297 seq.

502 Peckham, Reg. III, 864.

503 Ibid. 896-901, 943.

504 Ibid. 867.

505 Ibid. 852, 866, 901.

506 Peckham writes: ‘Diversity of opinion among philosophers does not dissolve friendship, but among modern vain-talkers it has passed to the affection of the heart.’ Reg. III, 900.

507 Ibid. 845-852 (A. D. 1284).

508 Peckham, Reg. III, 977.

509 Ibid. 956: cf. 952, the Friars Minors and Preachers have more power than the secular priests, being literatiores et sanctiores than the latter. The Franciscans no doubt contrasted favourably with their neighbour, the Rector of St. Ebbe’s, at this time. In 1284 the Rector of St. Ebbe’s was summoned by the Archdeacon to answer to a charge of repeated adultery with the wife of a parishioner, William le Boltere; it was further alleged that to get the husband out of the way he had twice secured his imprisonment on a false charge; the second time, the unfortunate man died in gaol. Ibid. 855. Perhaps there was also a black sheep among the Oxford Franciscans about this time; an unbeliever might suspect human agency in the ‘memorabile factum’ related in the Lanercost Chronicle, p. 136; q. v. (A. D. 1290).

510 Reg. I, 99-100: A. D. 1280.

511 Ibid. III, 838-840: A. D. 1284. But see Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI. 41, 88.

512 The passage has been somewhat condensed in translating.

513 Reg. III, 867.

514 Reg. III, xcix—summary of Peckham’s Liber Pauperis: ‘nihil possessorie sibi intitulatum; mobile vel immobile, proprium vel commune, nil dico quod divicias saperet, vel delicias redoleret, aut secularem gloriam ministraret.’ Among the questions discussed by Peckham and others at this time was, ‘Utrum habere aliquid in communi minuat de perfectione.’ Archiv für Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. IV, 46, &c.

515 Phillipps, MS. 3119, fol. 86, dorse: ‘Veniunt ad nos diversi seculares et religiosi comparacionem inter statum et statum facientes, statum vestrum (i.e. Minorum) extollentes, et nostrum (Praedicatorum) in hoc deprimentes, quod nos peccuniam recipimus, vos autem non recipitis, judicantes nos in hoc minus perfectos mundi contemptores.’

516 Phillipps, MS. 3119 fol. 86-88: printed in Appx. C.

517 Wadding, III, p. 130. Cf. Nicholas III’s bull, ‘Exiit qui seminat’ (1279), and Clement V’s ‘Exivi de Paradiso’ (1312). Peckham held that the ownership remained with the donors; Regist., Vol. III, Preface, p. c (from Peckham’s declaration of the Rule in the ‘Firmamentum trium ordinum’).

518 On the whole subject see Ehrle’s articles in the Archiv für Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. on ‘Die Spiritualen;’ Vol. IV, p. 46 seq. contains a clear exposition of the basis of the ‘theoretischer Armuthsstreit.’

519 Lyte, Oxford, p. 118; Shirley, Introd. to Fasc. Zizan. p. xlix; R. L. Poole, Wycliffe, p. 41.

520 e.g. among the followers of Ockham was Friar Adam Godham; among the realists, Friar John Canon, &c. Cf. Wood, Annals, I, 439.

521 Lechler, Johann v. Wiclif, I, 218 seq. Fitzralph had been deputed by Clement VI in 1349-1350 to inquire into this dispute; see his Liber de pauperie Salvatoris, edited by R. L. Poole for the Wyclif Society, 1890 (p. 273).

522 Select English Works of J. Wyclif, I, 76. Cf. ibid. p. 20; among the ‘fals lores’ sown by the friars, Wiclif mentions ‘of þe begginge of Crist.’

523 Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, p. 121 (7th edition).

524 Pat. 1 Ric. II, pt. 4, m. 37 (printed in Appx. B). John Welle may have been Warden, though the fact would probably have been stated in the record; I have not been able to find any names of London Wardens between 1368 and 1398; Mon. Franc. I, 521, 523.

525 This is clearly brought out in the history of the peasant revolt of 1381, if we may trust Walsingham’s account of Jack Straw’s confession (Hist. Angl. II, 10): ‘Postremo regem occidissemus, et cunctos possessionatos, episcopos, monachos, canonicos, rectores insuper ecclesiarum de terra delevissemus. Soli mendicantes vixissent super terram, qui suffecissent pro sacris celebrandis aut conferendis universae terrae.’

526 ‘Two short treatises,’ &c. p. 35 (cap. 17).

527 Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. 442; Lechler, I, 217. His principal opponent was also an Oxford man, Friar Roger Conway; see notice of him in Part II.

528 Ibid. 220 seq. (full analysis of the speech). The original is printed in Edw. Brown’s Fascic. Rer. Expetend. (1695), Vol. II, under the title, Defensorium Curatorum. A short summary in old English will be found in Mon. Franc. II.

529 Cf. statute of the University against ‘wax-doctors’ (A. D. 1358); Mun. Acad. 207-8; ‘Nam pomis et potu, ut populus fabulatur, puerulos ad religionem attrahunt et instigant;’ (from Richard de Bury’s Philobiblon), quoted on p. 42.

530 Mun. Acad. 204.

531 Wood, Annals, I, 475 (W. Folvyle, Cambridge Minorite); Twyne, MS. XXII, f. 103 c (W. Woodford). The Oxford Dominican (?) who writes under the pseudonym of Daw Topias says in answer to this accusation, ‘To tille folk to Godward, I holde it no theft.’ Polit. Poems, II, 83 (R.S.).

532 Rolls of Parliament, Vol. II, p. 290.

533 Rolls of Parliament, Vol. II, p. 290.

534 Ibid. Vol. III, p. 502, § 62.

535 Lechler, J. v. Wiclif, I, 319, 374, 585 seq.

536 Ibid. 588.

537 Twyne, MS. XXI, 502; from Woodford’s Quaestiones de sacramento altaris contra Wyclefum, qu. 63.

538 ‘Quando concurrebam cum eo in lectura sententiarum.’ I do not know the precise meaning of the phrase: cf. Mun. Acad. 393, ‘Statutum est quod duo Magistri in theologia, si velint, possunt concurrere disputando.’

539 See the curious account in the Continuatio Eulogii Historiarum of the council of bishops and lords held at Westminster under the presidency of the Black Prince in 1374, the subject of discussion being the papal tribute. Four doctors of theology were present, namely, the Provincial of the Friars Preachers, J. Owtred, monk of Durham, an opponent of the friars (see MS. Ball. Coll. 149, ff. 63-5), J. Mardisle, Friar Minor, and an Austin Friar. The Archbishop said, ‘The pope is lord of all; we cannot refuse him this,’ ‘quod omnes praelati seriatim dixerunt.’ The Dominican refused to give an opinion, and suggested a hymn or mass. The monk used the old argument about the two swords. Mardisle promptly retorted with the text, ‘Put up again thy sword into his place,’ showing that the two swords did not mean spiritual and temporal power; ‘et quod Christus temporale dominium non habebat, nec Apostolis tradidit sed relinquere docuit;’ which he proved by a learned appeal to scripture, authorities, and history. The subsequent proceedings are very humorously told; Eulog. Hist. III, 337-8. Four Mendicant B.D.’s were, at John of Gaunt’s wish, present at Wiclif’s trial in 1377, to support him by argument in case of need. Lechler, I, 369, and note.

540 Mun. Acad. p. 208. He is called merely ‘Frater Johannes... Doctor,’ the surname and Order being omitted; but his ‘heresies’ are those of the Franciscans.

541 Lechler, I, 586. Of the twelve doctors who condemned Wiclif’s doctrines at Oxford in 1381 (or beginning of 1382), six were Mendicants; Tyssyngton was the only Minorite. Wood, Annals, I, 499.

542 These are clearly stated in his treatise ‘De Blasphemia, contra Fratres,’ Select English Works, III, 402 seq.; Trialogus, Lib. IV, cap. 27-32. Ibid. cap. 37, another charge is added, namely, the opposition offered by the friars to the ‘Poor Priests,’ of which Wiclif says: ‘Revera inter omnia peccata, quae unquam consideravi de fratribus, hoc mihi videtur esse sceleratissimum propter multa; emanavit enim integre ex unicordi consilio et consensu omnium horum fratrum.’ The ‘Poor Priests’ resembled the early Friars Minors in many points, e.g. as itinerant preachers: perhaps Wiclif, when organizing the former, was led to look more closely into the ideal which the latter professed to follow; and if so, he may well have been shocked at the contrast between that ideal and the reality. One change in the life of the friars—their gradual approximation to the seclusion of the older Orders, may be illustrated by two passages from Matthew Paris and Wiclif (allowance being made for the prejudices of the writers). The friars, says the Benedictine historian, ‘wandered through cities and villages,’ and ‘had the ocean for their cloister’ (Chron. Majora, V, 529). Wiclif attacks them for living ‘closed in a cloister,’ instead of going about among the people, ‘to whom thy maie most profite ghostlie... Charitie showld drive Friars to come out amongst the people and leaue Caymes Castels that bin so needeless and chargeous to the people.’ (Two Short Treatises, &c., p. 21.)

543 Select English Works, III, 424.

544 Wyclif, Latin Works, Sermones, II, xlvii. Jusserand, La Vie Nomade, p. 186 seq.; Rogers’ Introd. to Gascoigne’s Liber Veritatum, p. 123.

545 He accuses them, e.g. of ‘stinking covetise,’ of ‘simonie and foule marchandise;’ they are ‘worse enemies and sleers of man’s soule than is the cruel fende of hell by himself;’ some of them are ‘damned divels;’ Two Short Treatises, Select English Works, passim. Latin works, Sermones, II. Cf. Polit. Poems (Rolls Series), I, 266:
‘Ther shal no saule have rowme in helle
Of frers ther is suche throng.’

546 Two Short Treatises, cap. 48 (printed by Vaughan, p. 254).

547 Polit. Poems, II, 49.

548 Fascic. Zizan. 292-5: the letter is dated Oxford, ‘sub sigillo priorum et gardiani conventuum et ordinum praefatorum.’ The part which the Franciscans took in the peasant revolt still remains obscure. An undated letter of Richard II ‘to the Minister of the Friars Minors of Dorchester’ refers to an individual friar agitating among the labourers about this time; but whether before or after the rising I cannot say. The letter occurs in MS. Dd. III, 53, p. 97, in the Cambridge Public Library. ‘Nous auons entenduz coment votre Confrere et obedientier du dit ordre ffrere Johan Gorry (or Grey?) fait excitacion et maintenance a les cotagiers et autres tenauntz notre cher en dieu labbe de Midelton, laborers demorantz dedeinz la Seigneurie mesme labbe, de rebeller contre le dite Abbe leur seignur es choses queles ils sont tenuz et deuient fair a lui de reson selonc la forme de lestatut fait des laborers,’ &c.

549 Fascic. Zizan. p. 305.

550 Lyte, 264. A Latin version of the sermon is in Twyne, MS. IV, 172-4.

551 Fascic. Zizan. 287.

552 Fascic. Zizan. 298, 301, 311, &c.

553 Lyte, 273; Wilkins, Conc. III, 172.

554 Polit. Poems, I, 259.

555 Fascic. Zizan. 343-357.

556 Twyne, MS. Vol. II, f. 229, letter of Archbishop Arundel to John XXIII, dated Aug. 20 (1410?).

557 Wood, Annals, I, 481.

558 Mun. Acad. 289; the statute before it is dated 1431, that after it, 1432.

559 Mun. Acad. 376; for other references see notice of William Russell in Part II.

560 Wood, Annals, I, 572.

561 Ibid. 638.

562 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 188.

563 Close Roll, 12 Ric. II, m. 42 (Appx. B).

564 The Continuatio Eulogii Historiarum gives the reasons alleged by two individual friars for their support of Richard:—(1) personal: ‘teneor sibi et tota parentela mea quia ipse promovit illam,’ p. 390; (2) legitimist standpoint: ‘electio nulla est, vivente possessore legitimo,’ p. 392.

565 Eulog. Hist. III, 388 seq.; Stubbs, Const. Hist. III, 36.

566 Eulog. Hist. III, 392.

567 Stubbs, ut supra.

568 Eulog. Hist. III, 391: it is mentioned with less detail in most of the chronicles of the time, e.g. Walsingham, Otterbourne. Adam of Usk’s account differs in some points; ‘undecim de ordine fratrum minorum in theologia doctores,’ &c., p. 82.

569 Eulog. Hist. III, 391, where his defence before the King, or rather statement of his position, is given. Before his execution he preached on the text, ‘Into thy hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.’ ‘Et devote recommendavit omnes qui causa mortis suae erant;’ ibid. 393. His name is given by Wylie, Henry IV, Vol. I, p. 277. He was D.D. of Cambridge (Fascic. Zizan. 287) and perhaps had no further connexion with Oxford than that mentioned in the text.

570 Nativitas (June 24) or Decollatio (Aug. 29)?

571 Eulog. Hist. III, 394. The whole description of these events by the anonymous continuator of the Eulogium is extremely graphic and powerful; his sympathies are strongly on the side of the rebels.

572 Anal. Franc. II, 260.

573 Ibid. 297; A. D. 1435: the Observants in answer to the reproach of the Conventuals ‘quod non haberent magistros in theologia nec vellent studere etc., dicebant, quod studere vellent et desiderarent, sed conqueri de hoc merito deberent, quod ipsi de communitate omnes conventus, in quibus habet Ordo studium generale, vellent ipsi habere et nullum Observantibus dare, nec ipsi vellent permittere, quod ibi promoverentur ad studia, sed promotiones darent illis de sua vita. Sed et propter innumerabiles dissolutiones, quae multo adhuc amplius vigent in conventibus studiorum generalium, sicut Parisius testatur locus, qui dicitur infernus, propter inhonestates tacendas, ne aures audientium tinnire contingeret, et propter exactiones pecuniarias ampliores quam apud saeculares, multaque alia tacenda; dicebant, se cum puritate regulae non posse ibi studere.’

574 E.g. Gonsalvo of Portugal.

575 The first according to Wadding (XIV, 252) was Greenwich, A. D. 1480.

576 E.g. John Billing, Ralph Creswell.

577 Mon. Franc. I, lxxi.

578 Ibid. 8: ‘Unde accidit ut Frater Angnellus, cum Fratre Salomone, gardiano Londoniae, vellet audire compotum fratrum Londoniae, quantum sc. expendissent infra unum terminum anni, cumque audisset quod tam sumptuose processisset vel satis parca fratrum exhibitio, projecit omnes talias et rotulos, et percutiens seipsum in faciem, exclamavit, “Ay me captum!” et nunquam postea voluit audire compotum.’

579 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 124 b (2nd Sept. 1529), printed in Appx.

580 Wadding (VI, 108) refers to the ‘tabula or index of the brethren who died there (Cologne) such as is kept commonly in the monasteries of the Order.’ See the curious necrology of the Observant Friars of Aberdeen, Mon. Franciscana, II, 123-140. Lansdowne MS. 963 is said to contain notes by Bishop Kennett, ‘ex obituario conventus Fratrum Minorum Guldefordiae, MS. Norwic. 671:’ it is really notes from the obituary of the Friars Preachers of Guildford, now in the University Library, Cambridge; MS. Ll. II, 9.

581 Polit. Poems and Songs, &c., Vol. II, p. 24 (R.S.). Chaucer’s ‘Sompnoure’ offers an explanation of the disappearance of these ‘tables’ (Poet. Works, Vol. I, pp. 367-8: Bohn’s edition):—
‘His felaw had a staf typped with horn,
A payr of tablis al of yvory,
And a poyntel y-polischt fetisly,
And wroot the names alway as he stood
Of alle folk that gaf him eny good,
Ascaunce that he wolde for hem preye.
·······
And whan that he was out atte dore, anoon
He planed out the names everychoon
That he biforn had writen in his tablis.’

582 Mon. Franc. II, preface, p. xxxi. Cf. Wills in Somerset House, Holder, fol. 4 (will of J. Tate); Logge, f. 121 (J. Benet); Polit. Poems and Songs, II, 29, 33; Wiclif, Two Short Treatises, &c. (Oxford, 1608), cap. 15.

583 Wadding, V, 299-300.

584 Some of those relating to the German provinces are given in Nicholas Glasberger’s Chronicle, Anal. Franc. II.

585 Specimens will be found in Mon. Franc. II; Surtees, Hist. of Durham, Vol. I, p. 27; Archaeologia, XI, 85; Mullinger, Cambridge, Vol. I, p. 317, mentions a letter of fraternity of a somewhat different kind.

586 Mon. Franc. I, 552; Appendix C.

587 The deed of W. Wileford (Appx. A. 1) is not a Franciscan record, any more than the Public Records are. I have not been able to find the seal of the Oxford Minorites. It was attached to the original letter addressed by the four Mendicant Convents to John of Gaunt, a copy of which is printed in Fascic. Zizan. pp. 292-5. This is the only mention of the seal which I can recall. There are a few special references to Oxford in the decrees of the General Chapters; see Index, under Franciscan Order.

588 See Testament of St. Francis: ‘Oure dyvyne servyce the clerkis saide as other clerkis.’ Mon. Franc. I, 564. An article in the Dominican statutes of 1228 (Dist. 1, n. 4) provides that ‘hours’ shall be said rapidly, ‘ne fratres devotionem amittant et eorum studium minime impediatur.’ Archiv für Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch., Vol. I, p. 189.

589 Mon. Franc. I, 10-11; Bullarium Romanum, I, 250.

590 Wiclif, Two Short Treatises, &c., p. 31: ‘and who can best rob the poore people by false begging and other deceipts shal have this Judas office.’

591 Bullarium, ut supra. Constitutions of Martin V, cap. vi: ‘Item quod omnes fratres vadant pro eleemosyna confidenter juxta discretionem Praelati praecipientis, cujus arbitrio committimus discernendum, qui congrue mittendi sunt pro eleemosyna, vel qui non.’

592 Wadding, IX, 438; complaint of the Minorites of Cambridge in 1395 that a house of the same Order at Ware was trespassing on their limites, and bull forbidding the same. Cf. Polit. Songs and Poems, &c., Vol. II, pp. 21, 78.

593 In early days they carried the offerings themselves in their ‘caparones’ or under their arms. Mon. Franc. I, 10-11.

594 Poet. Works, I, 382. This poem, though banished, owing to its coarseness in some parts, from polite society, contains a more lifelike and graphic description of the English mediaeval friar than is to be found elsewhere in literature.

595 Ibid. 367.

596 Burney, MS. 325, quoted above, p. 56, n. 2. Cf. Twyne, MS. IV, 173, sermon of N. Hereford in 1382: ‘Cum eorum limitatores satis mendicaverint pro sua communitate, statim mendicant iterum pro seipsis, et sic falsi pravi monstrant (se) esse apostatas et frangunt regulam,’ &c.

597 Opera Ined. p. 16.

598 Familiares homines et pauperes, prob. students or the common people (see ibid. Pref. xx): the word translated ‘friends’ above is amici. Cf. the frequent charges against the friars that they ‘devour poore men’s almes in wast, and feasting of Lordes and great men.’ Wiclif, Two Short Treatises, &c., p. 31; Polit. Poems and Songs, &c., II, p. 28; Peacock, Repressor, 550 (R.S.).

599 Bull of Martin IV, Kal. Feb. A^o 2, recited and confirmed by Martin V, Kal. Nov. A^o 10. John XXII by his Bull ‘Ad Conditorem’ forbade the Franciscans to use the Bull of Martin IV without special license of the Pope; Martin V allowed them to use it ‘freely and lawfully.’

600 Wadding, X, 130.

601 Twyne, MS. XXIII, f. 266 (Oxf. City Archives): printed in Appendix B.

602 He is not called ‘frater,’ but the omission of this word before ‘minor’ is not infrequent.

603 e.g. Placita de Scaccario, 3 Hen. VII, m. 35; Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 262 b.

604 Placita de Scacc. 4 Hen. VII, m. 34 d: cf. Acta Cur. Canc. EEE, fol. 124 b; &c.

605 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, fol. 31 b.

606 Acta Cur. Canc. F, ff. 5 b, 158 b, 159 b, 167, 200 b, 258 b; EEE, 72, 107, 183, 202, 238 b, 251 b, 257, 272 b, 273.

607 F, f. 159 b.

608 Ibid. 160.

609 EEE, fol. 107 a-b.

610 EEE, fol. 257, action to recover debt.

611 F fol. 167.

612 EEE, fol. 183.

613 On the same page occurs a ‘W. Gos conductor (ut asserit) stabuli cujusdam juxta collegium animarum.’

614 EEE, fol. 239.

615 Ibid. fol. 273.

616 Ibid. fol. 272 b.

617 Ibid. fol. 324 b-325.

618 Denson refused to clear himself by compurgation and was sentenced to three days imprisonment (commuted to a payment of 10s. to the University) for his fornication, ‘to the terror of others.’

619 And a more serious one against the Carmelites; EEE, fol. 249 b.

620 EEE, fol. 230 (A. D. 1530).

621 Ibid. fol. 238 b; in the margin occurs the entry, ‘ffryer Robert hora 1^a xvi^o’ (sc. die Septembris).

622 Ibid. fol. 257.

623 Ibid. fol. 271 b (11th May, 1534).

624 From this point the entry is crossed out.

625 Acta Cur. Canc. F, f. 158 b, ‘Friar Brian and J. Loo, tactis evangeliis, swore that Brian had lent Garret Matthew 1 mark.’ EEE, f. 95 b.

626 Cf. F, f. 210, ‘Notandum quod magister Doctor Alyngdon, ord. frm. minorum promisit se soluturum W. Hows 11^s 4^d,’ &c. (Cf. ibid. fol. 194 b: ‘gardianus... obligavit se pro vicecustode domus sue quod dictus vicecustos restitueret Ric. Wynslo duas duodenas vasium electriorum 5 ly (?) platers and dyschys and 1 pece more.’)

627 EEE, f. 161: ‘R. Roberts petiit... xxv^s sibi debitos ab eodem Roberto Puller fratre ex causa emptionis et vendicionis,’ &c.

628 Ibid. f. 74 b (1528). Prob. the same as Friar Arthur above.

629 Ibid. fol. 270 b-271 a (1534).

630 Fleur de Lys, near Carfax: see Wood’s City of Oxford. Part of this entry is in Latin, part English, as often.

631 e.g. Friar Nic. de Burgo. See Chap. iii, on the maintenance of the students. Wadding, IV, 255; VI, 8, on ‘personal annual incomes’ of friars. Bequests to individual friars sometimes occur.

632 See Part II, N. de Burgo and J. Kynton.

633 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 212 b; 197 b., 210.

634 See his will in Appx. B. To receive annual rents from lands was declared illegal in 1302. Wadding, VI, 8. (Cf. Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. fol. 98.)

635 Not Henry III, as often stated. This is conclusively proved by Pat. 1 Hen. VII, pt. 1, m. 4. One entry on this membrane mentions the grant of 25 marcs to the Friars Minors, Cambridge, originally made by Henry III, then follows an entry of the 27th Nov.: ‘Sciatis quod nos intelligentes qualiter dominus Edwardus primus post conquestum et alii progenitores nostri... concesserint videlicet quilibet eorum tempore suo Gardiano et Conuentui fratrum minorum Oxonie quinquaginta marcas percipiendas annuatim ad Scaccarium suum, nos,’ &c. Cf. Pat. 1 Edw. II, pt. 1, m. 17, 1 Edw. IV, pt. 3, m. 25, &c.

636 The grant is mentioned in the following records:—Exchequer Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁴⁄7 (17-18 Edward I); Patent Roll, 32 Edw. I, m. 13; Liberate Roll, 34 Edw. I, m. 1; Pat. 1 Edw. II, part 1, m. 17; Liberate Rolls, 8 Edw. II, m. 3 and 5; 9 Edw. II, m. 2; Treasury of the Receipt, ³⁄35 (16 Edward II); Liberate Rolls, 10, 11, and 12 Edw. III; Issue Roll of the Exchequer, 44 Edw. III, p. 78 (printed in 1835); Pat. 1 Ric. II, pt. 6, m. 21 (referring to Pat. 1 Edw. II, and 1 Edw. III); Pat. 1 Hen. IV, pt. 2, m. 21; Rolls of Parliament, Vol. IV, 195-6 (A. D. 1422, referring to the grant by Henry V); Pat. 31 Hen. VI, pt. 2, m. 32 (referring to Pat. 1 Hen. VI); Pat. 1 Edw. IV, pt. 3, m. 25; Pat. 17 Edw. IV, pt. 2, m. 28; Rolls of Parliament, Vol. V, 520, 597; Vol. VI, 90; Harl. MS. 433 (1 Ric. III); Pat. 1 Hen. VII, pt. 1, m. 4; Pat. 1 Hen. VIII, pt. 1, m. 7; Cromwell Corresp. 2nd series, Vol. XXIII, fol. 710 b.

637 Regist. Palat. Dunelm. (ed. Hardy), Vol. II, p. 980 (11th Dec. anno 7).

638 Ibid. p. 1065, ‘in partem cujusdem annuae eleemosynae, quam de nobis percipiant annuatim.’

639 Ibid. pp. 1027-8. Cf. Stubbs, Constit. Hist. II, 130 (3rd edition).

640 The Durham Register contains six writs on the subject.

641 Ibid. p. 1085.

642 Pat. 1 Hen. IV, pt. 2, m. 21.

643 Pat. 31 Hen. VI, pt. 2, m. 32: ‘Que quidem littere nostre (Pat. of 10th Dec. A^o 1)... ratione cuiusdam actus in parliamento nostro sexto die Novembris anno regni nostri vicesimo octavo editi vacue existunt et adnullate.’ Stubbs, Const. Hist. III, 143, 150 (2nd edition).

644 Pat. ut supra.

645 Placita de Scaccario, 6 Edw. IV, m. 20.

646 Ibid. 3 Hen. VII, m. 35.

647 Ibid. m. 35 in dorso.

648 Ibid. 4 Hen. VII, m. 34 in dorso.

649 In the first three of these pleas, Jacobus Bartelet was attorney for the friars; in the fourth Ric. Salford appeared all through ‘in propria persona.’

650 Twyne, MS. XXI, 812.

651 Wood, MS. D 2, p. 344.

652 Valor Ecclesiasticus, Vol. II, p. 191.

653 Ibid. p. 223.

654 Oxf. City Rec. Old White Book, fol. 55 b. The Warden of Merton says, ‘He died in 1351, it is said of the plague.’ Memorials of Merton Coll. (O. H. Soc.), p. 157.

655 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 250 a.

656 Ibid. 254 b.

657 Some of the wills are not complete, e.g. those of Phil. Kemerdyn (1446), T. Cartwright (1532), and E. Standish (1533).

658 As the Hustings Court was only concerned with freehold property in Oxford, it is rarely that the whole will is found in the Old White Book. About thirty date from 1348-9, but I do not think that any one of them is entire. Two Oxford wills of this date are among the ‘Early Lincoln Wills’ (p. 39), those of Ric. Cary and Alice his wife, but contain no bequests to the friars. This is perhaps the Ric. Cary who granted land to the Franciscans in 1319; his son, who died 1352, was old enough to make a will (Old White Book, f. 54).

659 Cf. Mon. Franc. II, pp. xxvi-xxvii. ‘An analysis of a considerable number of wills... from the Registers of the Norwich Consistory Court..., shows that at a time when the Grey Friars were falling out of favour, every third will conveyed a gift to them.’ The wills proved in the court of the Archdeacon of Oxford (now under the care of Mr. Rodman at Somerset House) begin in 1529. Between 1529 and 1538 I found twenty-nine wills, in which the town of Oxford, or some person or persons resident in Oxford, are referred to; of these, thirteen contain bequests to friars, nine of them containing bequests to the Grey Friars, either alone or (more usually) in conjunction with other Orders. In the same register, out of forty-three wills, taken at random from the years 1529-30, 1534-5, five only contained bequests to friars, three of them mentioning the Minorites.

660 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 89. His executors according to Twyne were the Chancellor and Dean (?) of Oxford; ‘sed probatum est illius testamentum... per A. Archidiaconun Oxon;’ prob. Adam of St. Edmundsbury, who held the office of Archdeacon in 1223 and 1234.

661 Durham Wills (Surtees Soc.), Vol. I, p. 9.

662 Wadding, IV, 240, quotes his will (dated 1264) from ‘Historia Guicenonii,’ Tom. 2, fol. 59 and 60-7, i.e. Samuel Guichenon.

663 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 105.

664 See abstract in Bp. Hobhouse’s Life of W. of Merton, p. 45.

665 Hist. MSS. Commission, Report V, p. 560. ‘This Thomas Waldere,’ says Mr. Riley, ‘was probably the wealthiest man of his time in Wycombe.’

666 Roman Transcripts at the Record Office, ‘Archivio Vaticano Armar. I, Capsula 9, Num. 9.’ Le Neve, Fasti, III, 159.

667 Wood, MS. D. 2, p. 61 (Lincoln Coll. Archives).

668 Sharpe’s Cal. of Wills proved in the Court of Hustings, London, Vol. I.

669 Wood, MS. D. 2, p. 59 (Lincoln Coll. Archives).

670 Wood-Clark, II, 388 note. Wood, MS. D. 2, p. 540.

671 Lambeth Registers; Islip, fol. 105-106; proved in the court of the Archbishop in Oct., in that of the Bishop of Lincoln in Nov. 1354.

672 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 68; he belonged to the parish of St. Mary Magdalen.

673 Ibid. 758, ‘ex munimentis Coll. Merton, B 7. 13.’ Twyne says he was Mayor in 29 Edw. III; but J. de St. Frideswide was then Mayor, and J. de Bereford a leading burgess. Twyne, MSS. Vol. II, fol. 8.

674 Nichols, ‘Royal and Noble Wills,’ pp. 46-7.

675 Balliol Coll. Archives, B 17. 2.

676 Norfolk Antiq. Miscell. Vol. I, p. 400 (Early Wills from the Norfolk Registry). Sharpe’s Cal. of Wills, &c., Vol. II, p. 205.

677 Oxf. City Records, Old White Book, fol. 69 b.

678 Ibid. fol. 71.

679 Lambeth Registers; Arundel, Part I, fol. 155, where a memorandum is added to the effect that he was not buried at Oxford.

680 Twyne, MSS. Vol. XXIII, 427.

681 P.C.C. Rous, fol. 32 (at Somerset House).

682 Register Arundel, Pt. I, fol. 198.

683 A. Gibbons, ‘Early Lincoln Wills,’ p. 94 (from Burghersh’s Register).

684 Ibid. p. 96.

685 Regist. Arundel, Pt II, fol. 164 b: he was buried in the church of the Friars Preachers, at Oxford.

686 Regist. Chichele, Pt. I, fol. 392 b.

687 Ibid. fol. 425 b.

688 Old White Book (Oxford), fol. 90.

689 Mun. Acad. p. 543 (Acta Curiae Cancell.).

690 Ibid. 557:. ‘pro refectione unius jentaculi sive coenae inter eos habenda,’ &c.

691 Lambeth Registers; Stafford, fol. 162.

692 P.C.C. Rous, fol. 129.

693 Regist. Kempe, fol. 263 a-265 b; and Mun. Acad. 639-657.

694 Early Lincoln Wills, p. 186.

695 Acta Cur. Cancell. A a a, fol. 194 b.

696 Ibid. fol. 213.

697 Old White Book, fol. 125 b.

698 Wood, MS. D. 2, p. 61 (Lincoln Coll. Archives).

699 P.C.C. Wattys, fol. 174.

700 Testamenta Eboracensia (Surtees Soc.), Pt. III, p. 284. The will was proved at Oxford and York.

701 Old White Book, fol. 135.

702 Ibid. 136.

703 Acta Cur. Cancell. D, fol. 48 b. Memorials of Merton Coll., 238.

704 Ibid. f. 61.

705 Ibid. f. 209.

706 Ibid. F f. 26.

707 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 28.

708 Ibid. f. 59.

709 Ibid. fol. 96.

710 P.C.C. Fetiplace, quire 1 (Shifford-on-Thames).

711 Ibid.

712 Ibid. qu. 2.

713 Ibid. qu. 1-2: he bequeaths sheep to various parish churches.

714 Ibid. qu. 7: Lambourn, Berks.

715 P.C.C. Holder, qu. 2.

716 Ibid. qu. 6.

717 P.C.C. Maynwaryng, qu. 2.

718 Ibid. qu. 24.

719 Wood, MS. B 13, p. 14.

720 P.C.C. Porch, qu. 9: see Appendix B.

721 Ibid. qu. 19.

722 Acta Cur. Canc. EEE, f. 283 a.

723 Ibid. fol. 300 b.

724 Oxf. Wills and Adminis. Series I, Vol. I, f. 2.

725 Oxford Wills, Series I, Vol. I, fol. 18 b. He had land in Steeple Aston, Hooknorton, &c.: among his bequests are, ‘Item to our lady of pyte a shepe. Item to seynt Antony a shepe.’

726 Ibid. f. 36 b.

727 Ibid. fol. 58 b.

728 Ibid. fol. 68 b. One of his sons was a canon of Osney.

729 Ibid. fol. 103.

730 P.C.C. Hogen, qu. 26. See notice of him in Part II.

731 Prob. not ‘religious students.’

732 Oxford Wills, ut supra, f. 119: no date is given; the will seems to have been proved in the early part of 1536; Sowche was an owner of pasture lands.

733 Ibid. fol. 127.

734 Wood, MS. D. 2, p. 613.

735 Ibid. fol. 65. The overseer of the will was Dr. J. London, Warden of New College; the witnesses Alderman Banister and W. Plummer.

736 Oxford Wills and Adminis. Series I, Vol. I, fol. 87 b: cf. ibid. fol. 5, &c.

737 Wadding, Vol. V, 342-3 (privilege of Boniface VIII, 1295); Mon. Franc. II, Pref. p. xvii.

738 Wadding, Vol. XVI, p. 134.

739 Restricted by Constitutions of 1260; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, 92. Cf. Wiclif, Two Short Tracts, &c., p. 37: ‘The Friars suffren men to lie in sinne, fro yere to yere, for an annual rent.’

740 Cf. Grey Friars at Cambridge, in Willis and Clark, Architect. Hist. II, 724.

741 Cf. Chaucer’s Sompnour’s Tale. Forbidden 1260; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, 92.

742 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 135 b: ‘... Confessus est coram nobis Ric. Barlow quod debet magistris Gilde Sancte Marie in ecclesia fratrum minorum tresdecim nobilia que mutuo a predictis magistris recepit,’ &c.

743 Mon. Franc. I. 541.

744 Lyte 196, and note 1.

745 Mon. Franc. II, preface.

746 See their designations or surnames, of London, York, Nottingham, Hartlepool, &c.

747 See e.g. John Cardmaker in Part II. The proselytising tendency has already been referred to. The number of ‘apostate’ friars must have been very considerable to judge from the frequent edicts against them.

748 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. V, p. 607. Wadding, V, p. 139, Pope Martin IV was buried in a Franciscan habit, A. D. 1285. Cf. Ibid. XIV, p. 58; Polit. Poems and Songs (R.S.), II, 19, 32.

749 The Franciscans still maintained a certain reputation as theologians: one of them was appointed each year to preach the University sermon on Ash-Wednesday; Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 263 a, 264 a and b; EEE, fol. 362, 363, 366 b: the custom was probably of ancient origin. Cf. also the notice of John Kynton.

750 Lyte, Oxford, p. 435.

751 Calendar of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. III, Nos. 929, 965. Cf. Seebohm’s Oxford Reformers, 326-7.

752 See notices of R. Brynkley and N. de Burgo.

753 Erasmus, Opera, III, 840: ‘Ego peperi ovum, Lutherus exclusit. Mirum vero dictum Minoritarum istorum magnaque et bona pulte dignum. Ego posui ovum gallinaceum, Lutherus exclusit pullum longe dissimillimum’ (quoted by Mullinger, Cambridge, I, 588, n. 2).

754 Kynton, e.g., took part in the condemnation of Luther’s doctrines and books at the conference in London, April 21, 1521.

755 See notices of John Rycks and Gregory Basset. Foxe (Acts and Monuments, IV, 642, A^o 1531) says that Dr. Call, ‘by the word of God, through the means of Bilney’s doctrine and good life, whereof he had good experience, was somewhat reclaimed to the gospel’s side.’ William Call, D.D. of Cambridge, was at this time Provincial Minister of the English Franciscans. In this connexion attention may be drawn to the lectures on St. Paul’s epistles delivered by Minorites; see J. Porrett and W. Walker.

756 See notices of E. Ryley, Gregory Basset.

757 See Thomas Kirkham (?), R. Beste, John Joseph, Guy Etton, J. Cardmaker, R. Newman.

758 One only, J. Cardmaker, appears to have been burnt.

759 See E. Bricotte, J. Crayford, H. Glaseyere.

760 Eulog. Hist. III, 337-8. See notice of J. Mardeslay.

761 Cf. Munimenta Academica, p. 208. In this respect the Franciscans were at one with Marsiglio of Padua and Wiclif.

762 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. II, Nos. 1313, 1314: Brewer, Henry VIII, I, 250-3. Cf. R. L. Poole’s Wycliffe, 32-3.

763 Gasquet, Henry VIII and the English Monasteries, I, 215.

764 Dixon, Church of England, I, 213; but see Gasquet, I, 248, note.

765 Dixon, ibid.

766 Wood, Annals, anno 1530.

767 Lyte, Oxford, 475.

768 Wood, Annals, anno 1530.

769 Boase, Register, 128. Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. IV, Nos. 1334, 6619; Vol. V, 623; cf. V, No. 593.

770 Wood, Annals, sub anno 1530; Lyte, Oxford, 474.

771 Wood, ibid.

772 See notice of N. de Burgo in Part II.

773 Wright, Suppression, p. 212 (Camden Soc.).

774 ‘We have sett Dunce in Bocardo,’ &c. Wright, Suppression, p. 71 (quoted by Wood, Dixon, Lyte, Gasquet, &c.).

775 Wright, ibid.

776 Gasquet, I, 255. The articles and injunctions are printed in Wilkins, Concilia, III, 786, seq. They were drawn up with reference to the monks, not friars; but no distinction seems to have been made between the various classes of religious students at the Universities.

777 Gasquet, I, 255-7.

778 Wright, Suppression, 71.

779 Of the nine Minorites (namely J. Tomsun, T. Tomsun, W. David, R. David, W. Browne, G. Etton, H. Glaseyere, J. Crayford, and H. Stretsham) who were admitted to opponency or to B.D. between 1534, when the troubles began, and July 1538, only one appears in the list of those desiring ‘capacities’ at the dissolution. Many brethren in other convents, and perhaps in this, fled to the Continent. Gasquet, II, 245-6. Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. VII, Nos. 939, 1020.

780 Cromwell Corresp. 2nd Series, Vol. XXIII, f. 711 a (J. London to T. Cromwell, Aug. 14).

781 Cromwell Corresp. 2nd Series, Vol. XXIII, f. 709 a (J. London to T. Cromwell, Aug. 14).

782 The White Friars had already sold an annuity and divided the proceeds among themselves. Ibid.

783 Or ‘vow’?

784 Ibid. f. 709 b.

785 Ibid. f. 711 a.

786 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, f. 29 (Rec. Off.).

787 Mazer, a large drinking bowl (Skeat); ‘trees’ seems to mean merely wood.

788 ‘Knob.’

789 Cromwell Corresp. ut supra, fol. 710 b.

790 Ibid. fol. 711 a.

791 Wright, Suppression, p. 217.

792 Warden of the Grey Friars.

793 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, fol. 31 b.

794 The request that he may live in Oxford, &c., is here inserted in Latin.

795 Cromwell Corresp. ut supra, f. 710 b.

796 Several words illegible in MS.

797 W. Vavasour is I think the only Franciscan who studied at Oxford whose pension is recorded. Cf. Gasquet, II, 453-5.

798 See Part II.

799 Boase, Register, p. 222; Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, 2nd ed., Vol. I, p. 64. Oxf. Univ. Arch. Reg. I, 8, fol. 138b, 139, 139b, 190, 190b, 192b.

800 Some dozen instances will be found in Part II; a few are rather doubtful.

801 See J. Cardmaker, J. Crayford, Guy Etton.

802 Private masses though declared to be meet and necessary and agreeable to God’s law, in the Six Articles, were no doubt falling into disfavour.

803 Chapter House Books A ³⁄11, 9-10.

804 Cromwell Corresp. 2nd series, Vol. XXIII, f. 710 a-b.

805 Augmentation Office Miscell. Books, Enrolment of Leases, Vol. CCXII, fol. 195 (Record Office).

806 Particulars for Grants, Augm. Office, 35 Hen. VIII, sec. 4 (Record Office). It is among the deeds relating to Richard Andrews, but there is nothing to show that he and Howe were at that time in any sense the ‘farmers’ of the property.

807 Cf. Dixon, Church of England, II, 212.

808 Pat. Roll, 36 Hen. VIII, Part 3, m. 37; Originalia Rolls, 36 Hen. VIII, Pt. 4; V, m. 12.

809 Originalia, 36 Hen. VIII, Pt. 4, m. xl.

810 Wood-Clark, II, 411.

811 Ibid. I, 310, note.

812 Wood-Clark, II, 361, 396, note.

813 Wood-Peshall, Ancient and Present State, p. 270.

814 Dugdale, Vol. VI, Part 3, p. 1529: Wood-Clark, II, 389.

815 Wood-Clark, II, 411.

816 Hearne’s Pref. to Otterbourne; Parkinson was the author of Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica.

817 None of the printed books, so far as I know, contain any notice of the uses to which the materials of the Franciscan convent were put. Among MS. sources, I have examined the church-wardens’ accounts of Carfax (to which the Rector kindly gave me the fullest access). Wood MSS. C. 1, ‘ex archivis S. Petri de Bailly;’ and D. 2 (notes from parish archives). The early records of St. Ebbe’s and St. Giles’ are no longer to be found.

818 Jessop, Coming of the Friars, p. 36.

819 Mon. Franc. I, p. 6.

820 Ibid. p. 10.

821 Ibid. p. 21.

822 Ibid. p. 27.

823 Mon. Franc. I, p. 18.

824 Ibid.

825 Ibid. p. 30.

826 When Eustace de Merc was warden, and Peter custodian.

827 Ibid. p. 6. Phillipps, MS. 3119, fol. 71, contains the following note in an old hand (cf. Bale, Scriptores, II, 41): ‘Hic (W. de Esseby) aliquando temptatus a carne amputavit sibi genitalia zelo pudicicie; quo facto papam peciit et ab eo graviter correptus celebrandi divina meruit dispensacionem. Hic eciam Willelmus post multos annos quievit London.’

828 Mon. Franc. I, p. 6.

829 Ibid.

830 Mon. Franc. I, 31, 43, 58, 61: see Part I, Chapter I.

831 Mon. Franc. I, 52.

832 Ibid. 53, 54.

833 Ibid. 28.

834 Ibid. 48-9.

835 Ibid. 378.

836 Ibid. 377, 56.

837 Grostete, Epist. 334.

838 Mon. Franc. 63, 308, 313: Grostete was at the Roman court at this time. Cologne was constituted a separate province in 1239. Anal. Franc. I, 290.

839 Ibid. 71. For date, see W. of Nottingham.

840 Ibid.: letter LXVIII.

841 Mon. Franc. 64.

842 Ibid. 63-4.

843 Ibid. 537, 559.

844 Ibid. 389.

845 This is proved by Grostete’s Letters, No. cxiv. From a passage in a letter of Adam Marsh written at Lyons to the English Provincial, it would seem that Adam was at first accompanied by another ‘Friar J.’ and afterwards joined by J. de Stamford: ‘Rogo salutari obsequio meo carissimos patres, fratres Ric. de Wauz, J. de Stanford, reliquosque fratres socios sc. et filios vestros; in quorum, si placet, sanctis recordationibus me et fratrem J. renovare velitis in Domino.’ Mon. Franc. I, 378.

846 Mon. Franc. I, 376-378.

847 Grostete, Epist. p. 334.

848 Mon. Franc. I, 71.

849 Ibid. 338, 387.

850 Ibid. 340.

851 Ibid. 537, 559, 305.

852 See Adam’s letters to him in Mon. Franc. I, p. 387, seq.

853 Ibid. 305, 306.

854 Ibid. 512.

855 Dugdale Monast. VI, Pt. 3, p. 1522. Wadding says he became Archbishop of Dublin in 1284 (V, 134): this was J. of Sanford; Rymer, I, 655.

856 Mon. Franc. I, 537; 42-43; 305, note.

857 Letters CLXXVI and CCIII. Letter CLXXV was no doubt written to W. of Nottingham (P. of Tewkesbury being mentioned in it), but it is unsafe to ascribe the following letter to the same date. He is probably the warden referred to in Letter CC.

858 Mon. Franc. I, 8.

859 Ibid. 25.

860 Ibid. 27. In Phillipps MS. fol. 74, is the note, ‘Iste frater Martinus (de Barton) obiit Northamton.’

861 Appendix C.

862 Wood-Clark, II, 387.

863 Exchequer of Pleas; Plea Roll, 6 Edw. IV, m. 20 (cf. chapter VII); MS. Cotton Vitell. F xii, f. 289 b.

864 Exchequer of Pleas, Plea Rolls, 3 Hen. VII, m. 35 (printed in App. B); 3 Hen. VII, m. 35, dorse; 4 Hen. VII, m. 17, dorse; 4 Hen. VII, m. 34, dorse.

865 MS. Corp. Chr. Coll., Oxon, 227, fol. 46, contains Antonii Andreae tractatus de tribus principiis naturalibus: (In calce) scriptus per me fratrem Wyllelmum studentem Oxonie, a^o incarnacionis Dom. 1419 [1491?]. Ibid. fol. 118 Duns Scotus super Metheororum libros ires priores: (In calce) ‘Expliciunt questiones... scripte per manum fratris Wyllelmi Vavysur eiusdem ordinis, A. D. 1491.’ MS. 228 was also written by him in 1490.

866 Wood, Fasti, p. 5.

867 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. V, §§ 6, 18.

868 Eighth Report of the Dep. Keeper, App. 2, under York.

869 Misc. Books, Augment. Office, 233 (30-31 Hen. VIII), fol. 154 b.

870 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 53 b: in the margin he is called ‘custos fratrum Minorum.’

871 Reg. G 6, fol. 55. He was still at Oxford in June 1509; Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 92.

872 MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, fol. 277 b. Mr. Brodrick seeks to identify Robert Burton, Fellow of Merton in 1480, Proctor in 1489, with the Minorite (Mem. of Merton Coll. 241); this seems to me more than doubtful.

873 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 194: see App. B.

874 The series of graces, &c., relating to W. Goodfield is printed in App. D.

875 Boase, Register, p. 298.

876 MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, fol. 277: ‘frater Walterus Goodfield, S.T.P. et gardianus loci.’

877 Ibid.

878 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 212 b.

879 Ibid. f. 261 b, 262 b.

880 Ibid. EEE, f. 124 b. See App. B.

881 Boase, Reg. p. 68. Reg. G 6, f. 220. Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, 124 b. Reg. H 7, fol. 211 b.

882 Reg. H. 7, fol. 185.

883 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 393 b, 270 b.

884 Reg. H. 7, f. 152 b, 153; Boase, Reg. 143.

885 Reg. H. 7, fol. 257, 262 b.

886 Ibid. fol. 263 b, 271 b; in the latter place he is called ‘pater edmundus Baskerfell frater ordinis minorum.’

887 Foxe, V, p. 20: the Martyrologist calls him ‘an unlearned doctor.’

888 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 173, 270, 322, 387, &c.

889 See Part I, Chapter VII: Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 321 a, ‘Datum in edibus ffranciscanis,’ &c.

890 Part I, Chapter VII.

891 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 336.

892 Wright, Suppression, p. 217.

893 Reliquary, Vol. XVIII, p. 21.

894 See Part I, Chapter III. Eccleston begins the list with the words: ‘Ipsi vero inceperunt ut magistri.’

895 Except perhaps Friar W. Lemster, but it is not certain to which Order he belonged; see notice of him, A. D. 1290.

896 Trivet, Annals, p. 243.

897 Roger Bacon calls Grostete Adam’s ‘master.’ Op. Ined. 187.

898 Mon. Franc. I, 145, ab annis juvenilibus.

899 Ibid. pref. lxxvii-lxxviii.

900 Lanercost Chron. p. 58, where Adam after his death is said to have appeared to a friar and said it was well with him, ‘because I have escaped the judgment, but that cursed church which I held for three years nearly gave me over to damnation.’

901 Close Roll, 10 Henry III, m. 6.

902 Mon. Franc. I, 15: ‘fuit autem tunc socius Magistri Adae de Marisco et ad robas suas.’

903 M. Paris, Chr. Maj. V, 619-20.

904 Ibid. p. 16. The date of his entry must have been between 1226 (when he was Magister not Frater, Close Roll, ut supra), and 1230. See Grostete’s Letters, pp. 17-21 written before 1231; and Wadding, II, 240. He probably entered the Order in 1227, or perhaps at the end of 1226. The entry on the Close Roll about the Bp. of Durham’s library is dated Worcester, Sept. 3. Canon Creighton puts the date of Adam’s entry into the Order ten years later. Dict. of Nat. Biogr.

905 Wadding, II, 48. Evers, Analecta (Hist. of Friar Nic. Glasberger), p. 33. I have not been able to find any early authority for these statements. A letter from Adam to the Abbat of St. Andrew’s is extant. Mon. Franc. I, 206. The University of Vercelli was founded in 1228, and it is probably in this year, if at all, that Adam went there. Denifle, Die Universitäten des Mittelalters, I, 290.

906 Wadding, II, 240-1. St. Anthony died 1231.

907 The account in Eccleston refers to the deposition of Elias in 1239. Mon. Franc. I, 45-7.

908 Cf. Trivet, Annals, p. 306.

909 Mon. Franc. I, 135. Wood-Clark II, 364: Wood refers to Gascoigne, Liber Veritatum, I, 663: I have not seen the passage, which does not occur in the extracts edited by Hearne or Rogers; but Gascoigne cannot be regarded as an authority in this matter.

910 Ibid. 232 (prob. Nov. 1252), 281, 335 (Jan. 1253), letter CXC was however probably written before this time, c. 1250, but I can find no other reference to either of the lawsuits mentioned there.

911 Brewer in one place calls him Provincial of the Minorites (p. 613): this is a slip. Nor was he warden of the London convent; ‘Frater A. Gardianus Fratrum Minorum Londini’ (Mon. Franc. p. 181) was not A. de Marisco. See ibid. p. 396.

912 Ibid. 49.

913 Ibid. 77. Boniface was elected in 1240.

914 Ibid. 355.

915 Ibid. 414, seq.

916 Ibid. 438-489.

917 Ibid. 95, 609-612.

918 Ibid. 342.

919 Wadding, IV, anno 1256.

920 Mon. Franc. I, 139.

921 Ibid. I, 99, 347.

922 Grostete, Letters, 334.

923 Cf. ibid. p. 302.

924 Mon. Franc. I, p. 105.

925 Ibid. p. 152.

926 Ibid. p. 275.

927 Lanercost Chron. p. 24.

928 Ibid.

929 Liberate Roll, 31 Hen. III, m. 4 (App. B).

930 Ibid. 42 Hen. III, m. 3.

931 Mon. Franc. 294, 295, 298, 299.

932 Ibid. I, 264.

933 Mon. Franc. I, 225, 264; and the long account of his trial, p. 122. Cf. Part I, p. 32.

934 Ibid. 268, &c.

935 Ibid. 266-7. A sentence at the end of the letter seems to refer to the defeat of St. Louis at Mansourah. Cf. pp. 278-9. (The translation is Brewer’s.)

936 Ibid. 137, 244, 398. See also Brewer’s preface.

937 Ibid. 305, 348, 367.

938 Nic. Trivet, Annals, p. 243; Mon. Franc. I, p. 185.

939 M. Paris, Chron. Majora, V, 619. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 412.

940 Mon. Franc. I, 305.

941 Liberate Roll, 42 Hen. III, m. 3.

942 W. of Worcester, Itin. p. 81, from Franciscan Martyrology of Salisbury.

943 Lanerc. Chron. p. 58.

944 Bale and Pits give lists of his works, but produce no authority. Leland states on the evidence of the Catalogus de eruditis Franciscanis, which he had seen in the Minorite convent at Oxford, that Adam wrote ‘a fair number of commentaries on Holy Scripture.’ One edition of Barth. of Pisa (Bononiae, 1620) mentions as his works, Elucidarium Scripturae, and Theological Lectures. This passage is not in the edition of 1510. It is not probable that the ‘Ordinances for the household of Bishop Grostete,’ or rather Grostete’s Rules for the Countess of Lincoln, are by Adam. Mon. Franc. I, 582. Royal Hist. Soc., Walter of Henley, pp. xlii, 122.

945 Not his contemporaries, as Brewer states. I do not know when the title first originated.

946 Chron. Majora, V, 619.

947 Epist. Nos. XX and XCIX.

948 Op. Ined. 70, 74-5, 88, 186, 428.

949 Mon. Franc. I, 39, and n. 1. Cf. ibid. 542, ‘Rodulphus de Corbrug.’ Cf. Collect. Anglo-Minoritica, 48.

950 The good effects of Eustace’s conversion were commented on by ‘Peter, minister of England,’ 1251-1256 (Mon. Franc. I, 40). But Eustace entered the Order during the ministry of W. of Nottingham. Two of the letters (Nos. 178 and 200) in which Adam Marsh mentions Eustace as a friar are addressed to ‘Friar W., minister of England,’ but several of these superscriptions are undoubtedly wrong and the rest consequently of little value. Letter 179, however, written at the same time as 178 and stating Eustace’s refusal to lecture at Norwich, is addressed to Robert of Thornham, who was then evidently custodian of Cambridge (Mon. Franc. I, 62). In a letter to W. of Nottingham (No. 173) Adam states that this Robert was just starting for the Holy Land, and as he certainly went (Mon. Franc. I, 62), there is no reason to suppose that he delayed long. What then is the date of letter 173? That the superscription is correct is shown by the mention in the letter of Peter, minister of Cologne, i.e. P. of Tewkesbury, William’s successor in England; Adam also mentions his regret at being unable to accompany Grostete to the Roman court owing to his having to assist the Archbishop of Canterbury. These details fix the date of Robert’s departure (or resolution to depart) to Palestine at 1250: thus letter 179 cannot have been written later than 1250, and Eustace must have entered the Order in that year at latest. He witnesses a charter as friar in 1251; Wood, MS. D 2, p. 537.

951 Le Neve and others place his chancellorship in 1276; Eccleston certainly says fuerat. Mon. Franc. I, 39, note 2, 41; Phillipps, MS. fol. 76 a.

952 Mon. Franc. I, pp. 319, 321.

953 Ibid. p. 39.

954 Ibid. p. 555.

955 Mon. Franc. I, 378. Cf. p. 395 (letter to Th. of York, 1252?), ‘Mittit vobis frater Laurentius (Adam’s secretary) quaternos matris prophetiae (?) pro quibus misistis,’ &c.

956 Ibid. p. 90-1. When John Erlandi became Bishop of Roskild, I do not know: he was translated to the Archbishopric of Lundia in 1254; Langebek, Script. rer. Dan. Vol. V, p. 583.

957 Ibid. 114-5.

958 Ibid. 392. In the same letter is the sentence: ‘Nuper mihi de curia Romana allatum est Apostolicae Sedis privilegium, pro quo laborare sui gratia voluit amantissimus frater J., domini papae nuntius.’ Cf. reference to the same on p. 313 (A. D. 1250).

959 Mon. Franc. I, 357.

960 Ibid. 338, 346.

961 Part I, Chapter III.

962 Ibid. 39: but see ibid. p. 552, ‘Notandum,’ &c.; the last words should be ‘et quintus ponitur frater T. de Eboraco.’

963 Ibid. 555.

964 Ibid. 357, 392-5.

965 Ibid. 115. Cf. 393, ‘Bene fecistis... qui pro patre secundum carnem dilecti fratris J. de Beverlaco in negotio suae salutis tam consultum vigilantiae fidelis adjutorium, nec non et in caeteris praesertim ad salutem animarum pertinentibus, tam exquisita circumspectione exhibere voluistis.’

966 Leland, Scriptores, sub nomine; cf. Part I, p. 58.

967 That Ric. Rufus and Ric. of Cornwall were one and the same is proved by Cotton MS. of Eccleston, f. 77, where ‘rufus’ is added in an old hand in the margin, and by Phillipps, MS. of Eccleston, fol. 76 a, ‘Ricardus Rufus Cornubiensis.’ Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 16. He is probably identical with ‘Ricardus le Ruys,’ whose commentary on the sentences Bale saw at Norwich, ‘in claustro monachorum.’ Script. II, 81.

968 Mon. Franc. I, 16, 39.

969 Phillipps, MS. 3119, f. 76 a. ‘Iste Ricardus veniens in Angliam narravit in capitulo Oxon’, quod, cum unus frater Parisius extasi staret, visum erat ei quod frater Egidius laicus sed contemplativus sedit in cathedra legens autenticas septem peticiones dominice oracionis cuius omnes auditores erant tamen fratres in ordine lectores. Intrans autem S. Franciscus primo siluit et postea sic clamavit, O quam verecundum est vobis quod talis frater laycus excedit vestra merita sursum in celo (?). Et quia inquid sciencia inflat, caritas autem edificat, plures sunt venerati fratres clerici... in eterno regno dei.’ (MS. imperf.)

970 Mon. Franc. I, 330, 365, 366.

971 Ibid. 360, 365. In an agreement drawn up in 1252, after a quarrel between the Northerners and the Irish in Oxford, and signed by representatives of the two parties, the name of ‘Ricardus Cornubiensis’ appears among the Irishmen (Wood, Annals, 246). This was no doubt a namesake of the friar, who is often confused with the friar; he is mentioned in Grostete’s Epist. p. 138, Mon. Franc. I, 135, Le Neve, Fasti, II, 184, &c.

972 Mon. Franc. I, 366.

973 Ibid. 349.

974 Ibid. 39. Bacon says, ‘solemniter legebat;’ see below.

975 It may be considered certain that Thomas of York became lector in 1253 and that Richard succeeded him—whether immediately or not is a little doubtful; the Cotton MS. of Eccleston calls Richard sextus (lector), instead of quintus.

976 Royal MS. (Brit. Mus.) 7 F, VII, fol. 81; cf. Charles, Roger Bacon, 415; the MS. is very inaccurate, Charles still more so.

977 Auctorem, not in MS.

978 MS. errorem.

979 Charles reads priusquam.

980 MS. legeret.

981 ‘Cui conversationis honestas et claritas scientiae, pietas affectionis et opinionis integritas, facultas erudiendi et disserendi subtilitas,’ &c. Mon. Franc. I, 365.

982 Durham Wills (Surtees Soc.), Vol. I, pp. 10-11.

983 Mon. Franc. I., 542.

984 See notice of H. de Brisingham.

985 Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. fol. 81.

986 Wadding, IV, 325.

987 Peckham’s Register, II, 421-2.

988 Hist. Litt. de France, t. xxv, p. 178.

989 This MS. belonged to the London Franciscans.

990 Probably the Summa of John Lector of Freiburg; see p. 150.

991 Ascribed to Thomas Wallensis.

992 Stated to have been composed at the request of Episcopus Maglonensis, i.e. Magalona, Narbonne.

993 Mentioned again by Tanner, as a different work under the title, De ordinatione universali.

994 i.e. Breviloq. de IV virtutibus.

995 The name of the author is given in a hand considerably later than the MS.

996 Mémoires de l’Académie des inscriptions, t. XXX, pp. 45-55: Peter was a Benedictine who lived and wrote at Avignon from 1320 to 1340. M. Hauréau has no doubt made out his case.

997 Another handbook for confessors is occasionally found bound up with works of John Wallensis. See MSS. St. Omer 622, § 6, Tract. de instructione confessorum, and Charleville 113, § 2, Libellus de modo audiendi confessiones. Inc.: ‘Simpliciores et minus expertos confessores.’ It is by John Lector of Freiburg: MS. Mazarine 1322. Hist. Litt. xxv. 269.

998 There is an error in Tanner’s extracts from Bury (p. xxxiii): ‘Quoniam misericordia’ given as the incipit of De disciplina belongs to the preceding work, Compendiloquium. Cf. Bale, MS. Seld. supra 64, fol. 83; Tanner, Bibl. 435.

999 Royal MS. 3 B. XII (sec. xv): ‘Liber magistri Thome Gude, i.e. Boni, Doctoris sacre Theologie Oxonie et Ordinis Minorum, vocati Dockyng, eo quod natus fuit in villa vocata Dockyng.’

1000 Mon. Franc. I, 359-360: the letter mentions ‘the irrevocable intention of Friar R. of Cornwall.’

1001 Or 1265? See notices of H. of Brisingham and W. of Heddele.

1002 App. C.

1003 Hist. of Norfolk, IV, 111; no authority is given.

1004 He is probably the ‘Bokkyng’ quoted by William of Ockham (Goldast, p. 957); and he is often referred to by Thomas Gascoigne.

1005 At the end of this commentary: ‘Explicit lectura H. M. et d. Dockyng super Epistolam ad Ephesios.’

1006 At the end of this MS. (sec. xv): ‘Explicit expositio ffratris Thome Dockyng super preceptis decalogi secundum formam textus deutronomii quinti.’ The same volume contains an anonymous treatise on the creed (‘de sufficientia articulorum in Simbolo,’ &c.: Inc. ‘Est quedam mensura fidei’), which Bale (MS. Seld. sup. 64, f. 177) carelessly identifies with Docking’s Epos. decalogi; and an anonymous treatise on the decalogue, which Tanner ascribes to Docking (Inc. ‘Si autem vis ad vitam ingredi’): cf. MS. Laud. Misc. 524, fol. 67 b (olim Laud. F. 12).

1007 Tanner (Bibl. 230) mentions his Correctiones in S. Scripturam, ‘MS. olim in monast. Sion;’ and Tabulam super Grammaticam Dokking, MS. Linc. Cathed. Libr. F. 18.

1008 Brewer’s reading ‘A. de Brisigham’ is incorrect: MSS. Cott. Nero, A IX, and Phillipps, 3119, f. 76.

1009 MS. Laud. Misc. 2, fol. 159 b.

1010 ‘Frater T. Brisigham, sed incepit Oxoniae, &c.’ Mon. Franc. I, 555.

1011 Hist. of Norfolk, IV, p. 114. Cf. Bale, Script.

1012 Bale, Script. II, 93-4; MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 65 b; Wadding, Script. 166. This may equally well have been Henry de Apeltre, the twelfth lector.

1013 Mon. Franc. I, 360.

1014 Appendix C.

1015 Lan. Chron. p. 81.

1016 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 552, 555, 560. Blomefield, Norfolk, IV, 114. Charles, Roger Bacon, p. 24.

1017 Leland, Script. p. 302.

1018 Peckham, Registrum, p. 902: ‘in ipsius vicinia coaluimus a parvo, et ab ejusdem professoribus solatia recepimus et honores.’

1019 Mon. Franc. I, 256. The date is uncertain. Adam Marsh describes him, ‘quem et honestior conversatio et litteratura provectior commendabiliter illustrant.’ For the spelling of the name, cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, 800, ‘Peschan.’

1020 This is merely a deduction from the fact that Adam Marsh wrote about his entering the Order.

1021 Registrum, p. 977. It is hardly necessary to add that he was not a student at Merton; as Archbishop, he was patron of the college; ibid. 123.

1022 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 552. Trivet, Annales, p. 299.

1023 Regist. p. 315.

1024 Ibid. 866, 898. Henry of Ghent was also present; see his Quodlibeta, Quodl. II, quaest. ix.

1025 Regist. III, xcvii, seq. (preface).

1026 N. Trivet, p. 299.

1027 Close Roll, 3 Edw. I, m. 18, dorse.

1028 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560. Mr. Martin says that Provincial Ministers were at this time appointed by the General: this was the case at first, but the custom was departed from as early as the time of William of Nottingham (1240). Mon. Franc. I, 59.

1029 Mon. Franc. I, 560. Trivet, 299, Lanerc. Chron. 100; Denifle, I, 301, seq.

1030 Lanercost Chron. 100, ‘post biennium.’ Nicholas III was elected Nov. 25, 1277; this leaves little more than a year before Peckham’s nomination to the Archiepiscopate; but it is not likely that he was made lector by John XXI. Le Neve, Fasti; Milman, VI, 410.

1031 Registrum, pp. 210, 248.

1032 Ibid. 715, 68-9, 38-9.

1033 Lanerc. Chron. 144; Wadding, V, 53, 80: Registrum, I, pref. lx, xcix.

1034 Mon. Franc. I, 537.

1035 MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, f. 274.

1036 Rymer, I, 800. An account of his bequests to Christ Church, Canterbury, will be found in the Public Library at Cambridge, MS. Ee, V, 31, f. 74 b.

1037 Annales, p. 299.

1038 Nicholas Glasberger says that he wrote a life of St. Anthony of Padua, ‘miro stilo,’ at the command of the Minister-General, Jerome of Ascoli. Anal. Franc. II, 91.

1039 Mon. Franc. I, 552, 555. See H. de Brisingham, note 5. (Appletree in Derby, or in Northampton, or Appletree-Wick in Yorkshire?)

1040 He may be the same as Robert de Sancta Cruce who went to the Minister General with a letter of recommendation from Adam Marsh (c. 1250?). Mon. Franc. I, 333.

1041 Peckham, Reg. 117-8.

1042 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

1043 Pat. 12 Edw. I, m. 9.

1044 Peckham, Reg. 820.

1045 Pat. 13 Edw. I, m. 27.

1046 Peckham, Reg. 909.

1047 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

1048 Mon. Franc. I, 552, 555, 560. Other variations are Merston (ibid. 537, and Assisi MS. 158, quest. 6) and Mirstun (Assisi MS. 158, quest. 134).

1049 Assisi MS. 158, questions 6, 134, 144. Qu. 134 runs thus: ‘Disputacio Rogeri de Mirstun ordinis minorum.’ (Inc.) ‘Circa emanacionem eternam.’ (At end): ‘Ad (?) hanc questionem respondetur quod essencia est principium, quo sit omnis productio.’

1050 Mon. Franc. I, 555: ‘incepit Oxoniae.’

1051 Archiv f. Litt. u. K. Gesch. d. M. III, 459; cf. 413. Are any of his writings extant except the questions at Assisi?

1052 Blomefield’s Norfolk, IV, 112.

1053 Mon. Franc. I, 537.

1054 Assisi MS. 158 twice mentions Waker, who may be this Wakerfield. Quest. 76, and at the end of the volume ‘Waker dis(putavit) R(espondit) Penn(ard).’

1055 Appendix C.

1056 In Devon’s Exchequer Issue Rolls, Hen. III-Hen. VI, p. 114, there is mention of ‘Master Nicholas de Ocham,’ 30 Edw. I.

1057 Assisi MS. 158, questions 161-3, 165 (of considerable length), 123, ‘questio in vesperiis de Hotham’; and near the end of the volume, ‘questio Hotham in vesperiis cnol (?) Oxon. Respondit persel.’ The last letter in the name ‘Cnol’ is uncertain; but it is probably Walter de Knolle, Ocham’s successor at Oxford. Cf. H. de Hertepol and J. de Persora below.

1058 Tanner, Bibl. 556.

1059 Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 563.

1060 Mon. Franc. I, 552, 556.

1061 Savage, Balliofergus, p. 15.

1062 In MS. 158 at Assisi. See Part I, Chapter III.

1063 Ibid. quest. 185.

1064 Q. R. Wardr. ⁸⁄2 (R.O.), this refutes the statement in Collect. Angl. Min. that he was unanimously elected in 1300.

1065 Wood, MS. F, 29 a, fol. 178.

1066 Q. R. Wardr. ¹³⁄35, m. 1. Cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, 936.

1067 Almain Roll. 30 Edw. I (R.O.). Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 514 (1302).

1068 Rodulphus, quoted by Wadding, Script. 360.

1069 Mon. Franc. I, 537. The author of ‘Collis Paradisi’ (?) however quotes the following epitaph: ‘Hic jacet Fr. Hugo de Hergilpol Anglicus Mag. in S. T. quondam Minister Angliae, qui obiit III id. Septembris A. D. MCCC seđo. Orate pro anima ejus.’ Wadding, ibid. The General Chapter met at Assisi in 1304, Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, 67. Hugh was appointed ambassador to Rome, Sept. 9, 1302.

1070 Bale, Script., I. 413; Leland, Script., 326; J. Picus Mirand., Opera Omnia (Basel, 1572), Tom. I. Contra Astrol., Book XII.

1071 Wood-Clark, II, 371. Memorials of Merton Coll. 185, n. 1.

1072 ‘Fratri Barnabe Magistro fratrum Minorum;’ the rest of the passage is worn away: Q. R. Wardrobe, ²⁵⁄1 (R.O.). The note in MS. Merton Coll. 55, f. 261, ‘memoriale fratris Thome de Barneby pro 14 solidis,’ is of the fifteenth century.

1073 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560.

1074 See notice of Richard Conyngton.

1075 Wilkins, Concilia, II, 399.

1076 Mon. Franc. I, 537.

1077 Geynysborough, Geynisborn, Geinesburgh, &c.

1078 Mon. Franc. I, 553, ‘qui primus (prius?) fuerat minister.’ This was by no means unprecedented; Anal. Franc. I, 16: ‘Minister Generalis... absolvit fratrem Simonem a ministerio Theutoniae et lectorem instituit.’ Cf. instances among the Dominicans, Martene, Thes. Nov. Anecd. IV, pp. 1791, 1822.

1079 Peckham, Regist. 909. Mon. Franc. I, 537, 560. Cf. Chapter House Records (R.O.), A ¹⁄22, p. 61: ‘fratri Willelmo de Geynesburg’ ministro fratrum minorum in Anglia revertenti in Angliam de Burdeg’ ad expensas suas... de dono Regis lxvi^s viii^d sterl’;’ May 13 (1287?).

1080 Trivet, Annales, 331.

1081 Queen’s Remembr. Wardrobe, ⁸⁄2, m. 1 (R.O.).

1082 ‘Wardrobe Account 28 Edw. I,’ ed. Topham, p. 164. Mon. Franc. I, 537, 553, 560, ‘qui in curia Romana legit cursorie et ordinarie.’ Lanerc. Chron. says he was called to the Curia to read theology ‘coram cardinalibus,’ p. 194.

1083 ‘Wardrobe Account,’ ut supra (May, 1300).

1084 Lanerc. Chron. 194; cf. date of his appointment to Worcester.

1085 Almain Roll, 28 Edw. I (R.O.).

1086 Ibid. 30 Edw. I.

1087 Le Neve, Fasti, III, 53. Annal. Monast. IV, 554, 555. For a full account of the inthronization, see Thomas, Survey of Worcester, App. No. 76.

1088 Pat. Roll, in Le Neve, III, 53, n. 96. Cf. Stubbs, Const. Hist. III, 308-9.

1089 Thomas, Survey, App. No. 77; cf. Ann. Monast. IV, 556.

1090 Cf. Rymer’s Foed. I, p. 979.

1091 Lanerc. Chron. 206.

1092 Rymer’s Foed. I, 1012; Lanerc. Chron. 210.

1093 Rot. Rom. I Edw. II, m. 10 (Le Neve); Thomas, Survey, App. No. 78.

1094 Thomas, ibid.

1095 Lanerc. Chron. 210.

1096 Mon. Franc. I, 537, 553.

1097 Assisi MS. 158, quest. 119: ‘Disputavit Gilbertus (Stratton?); Respondit Rundel minor.’

1098 Phillipps MS. 3119, fol. 76, ‘qui legerat sentencias Parisius.’

1099 Wilkins, Concil. II, 336, 337, &c.; cf. 370, ‘presentibus magistris minorum et predicatorum, gardiano minorum,’ &c.

1100 Mon. Franc. I, 553.

1101 Phillipps MS., ut supra.

1102 Wood MS. F, 29 a, f. 178.

1103 Mon. Franc. I, 556.

1104 Pat. 14 Edw. II, m. 9.

1105 ‘In festo Epiphanie; Minorum; Houdene.’ The MS. dates from the latter part of the 14th cent., but we may without much hesitation identify ‘Houdene’ with Adam of Hoveden, as the other preachers mentioned belong to the end of the 13th century, e.g. Henry de Sutton, friar minor, Symon de Gandavo, Chancellor (Oxford), &c.

1106 Wood MS. F, 29 a, f. 178.

1107 Assisi MS. 158, quest. 179. Ric. de Hederington succeeded to the prebend of Ailesbury in 1290. Le Neve, II, 95.

1108 Brewer’s reading Haldeswel is wrong. The Phillipps MS. also reads Baldeswelle.

1109 Wood MS., ut supra.

1110 Wood MS., ut supra.

1111 Archiv f. Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. II, 361; III, 39; IV, 28 seq.

1112 Script. cent. V, 26.

1113 See above.

1114 Mon. Franc. I, 556.

1115 Ibid. 538, 560. Reports of Hist. MSS. Commission, IV, 393 a, letter of Gonsalvo, Minister General to ‘Friar R. minister of England,’ 1310.

1116 Archiv f. Litt. u. K. Gesch. II, 356; III, 39; Wadding, VI, 171.

1117 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 553. Bale gives 1330 as the date of his death.

1118 Leland, Script. 331; Bale, I, 404.

1119 Wadding, VII, 168.

1120 MS. Bodl., Seld. supra 64, fol. 160.

1121 Wood MS., ut supra; Wilkins’ Concilia, II, 399; Lea, Hist. of the Inquisition, III, 301.

1122 Mon. Franc. I, 553. Cf. Digby MS. 154, f. 37 (sec. xiii, xiv); Letters of Friars P. de S. and others, to Roger de Merlawe, c. 1290-1300 (v. ibid. f. 38).

1123 MS. Cott. Nero, A, IX.

1124 MS. Phillipps, 3119; Brewer’s ‘Rockysley’ is a mistake.

1125 Mon. Franc. I, 553.

1126 Wood MS. F, 29 a, &c.

1127 Twyne, MS. III, 327 (Acta fratrum Praedicatorum). ‘Item Fratri Henrico Croy conventus fratrum Praedicatorum antedicti, Baculario Sacrae Theologiae pro Inceptione in Theologia se disponenti responsiones ad hoc secundum statuta Universitatis praedictae necessario requisitae per magistrum Willelmum de Schireburn magistrum Fratrum Minorum et alios etiam magistros prius concessae, de ordinatione ipsorum Cancellarii et Procuratorum ac quorundam aliorum magistrorum, sunt penitus denegatae.’ (Oxf. Hist. Soc. Collectanea, II, 241.)

1128 Tanner, Bibl. 668. Harl. MS. 5398 (§ 3) contains a Sermon attributed to John Schyrborn.

1129 Mon. Franc. I, 70, 538.

1130 Ball. Coll. MS. 33.

1131 Merton Coll. MSS. 166, 168, 169, 170, 158.

1132 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 560.

1133 Wadding, VI, 396-7: he confuses William Provincial of England with William of Ockham; VII, sub anno 1323.

1134 MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 215.

1135 Mon. Franc. I, 538.

1136 Mun. Acad. p. 100.

1137 Annals, sub anno 1270; elsewhere Wood calls him John Middleton, Minorite, ibid. p. 386.

1138 Script. Brit. I, 365.

1139 Bibl. p. 778.

1140 I have not found this reference; Baconthorpe’s commentaries on Sentences I and II fill a folio volume of 378 leaves (Milan, 1510).

1141 According to the Old Catalogue, MS. Bodl. 783 contains a treatise by a John Wylton (the monk of Westminster?); the entry is erroneous; the MS. (now Laud. Misc. 677) contains nothing about John Wylton.

1142 Mon. Franc. I, 553.

1143 Wood MS., ut supra. Another William of Alnwick was bishop of Norwich and Lincoln in the fifteenth century.

1144 Mon. Franc. I, 553: ‘postea apud Montem Bononiae Neapoli legit; demum Episcopus.’

1145 Wadding, VI, 396; Anal. Franc. II, 129: ‘Hugo de Novo Castro et Gulielmus de Almuchia, sacrae theologiae doctores.’

1146 Wadding, VII, 112, 169, ‘ex Regest. Rob. Regis Siciliae.’

1147 Bale and Pits.

1148 Lib. Conform. f. 81 b, ‘Almoith.’

1149 MS. Harl. 31, f. 96 b.

1150 Tanner, Bibl. 354, says his commentaries on the Sentences ‘extant impr.... Lip.’ (?)

1151 P. 135, a curious story about the Jews at Paris; ‘frater W. Herbert, qui vidit,’ &c.

1152 Bernard’s Catalogues, Tom. II, no. 9159: Phillipps Catal. No. 8336; the same volume contains some works of Friar Nicholas Bozon (‘Boioun’). I have not had an opportunity of examining these works of Herbert’s, which are probably of some value.

1153 Not mentioned in the Phillipps Catalogue.

1154 Inc.: ‘Ha troe yat art so vayr y kud;’ Phill. Catal.

1155 Mon. Franc. I, 553.

1156 Ibid. 554.

1157 Ibid.

1158 MS. Digby, 212, f. 2.

1159 Hist. MSS. Commission, Report IV, 443 (deed in Ball. Coll. Archives).

1160 Hist. MSS. Commission, Report IV, 443 (deed in Ball. Coll. Archives).

1161 Leland’s authority was probably the Catalogue of Franciscan writers in which R. of Leicester was mentioned: ‘colligo hunc (Robertum) fuisse Guil. Hereberti synchronium, instructus serie Catalogi De Scriptoribus Franciscanis, editi;’ Scriptores, p. 304.

1162 A monk of this name is mentioned in MS. 24 of Corp. Chr. Coll. Cambridge, A. D. 1348.

1163 Chtantton (sic) in MS. Nero A, IX; omitted in Phillipps MS. The name is given in a variety of forms: Certhanton or Certanton (Wood), Southampton (Brewer), Catton, Gathon, Chattodunus (Leland), Ceton, Cepton, Tepton (Barth. of Pisa, Pits, &c.), Schaton (N. Glasberger, Analecta Francisc. II, 166), Canton (‘Chronologia historico-legalis seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum,’ Neapoli, 1650; quoted ibid. note 5), Chvaton (Baronius-Raynaldus).

1164 Twyne, MS. XXIII, 488, from the Oxford City Records; cf. Part I, ch. iv.

1165 Blomefield, Hist, of Norfolk, IV, p. 112. There is a Catton near Norwich.

1166 Baronius-Raynaldus, Ann. Ecclesiast. Vol. XXV, p. 92; Anal. Franc. II, p. 166.

1167 Script. Brit. I, 420.

1168 Liber Conformitatum, f. 81 b; Defensorium, cap. 62 (Twyne, MS. XXII, 103 c).

1169 Woodford refers to ‘Chatone’s’ commentaries on the Sentences; MS. Harl. 31, ff. 61, 96.

1170 Script. I, p. 409.

1171 Cf. MS. Seld. sup. 64, f. 75.

1172 Tanner, Bibl. p. 473: ‘MS. olim in bibl. Sion.’ The work is however printed and ascribed to Laurence Valla (see Panzer, Ann. Typ.).

1173 Archiv f. Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. II, 171.

1174 Fratini, Storia... del Convento di S. Francesco in Assisi (Prato, 1882), p. 205.

1175 Mon. Franc. I, 560; Tanner, Bibl. 638.

1176 Mon. Franc. I, 554, 560, 538. Cf. John Major, Gesta Scotorum, I, cap. 5.

1177 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 554.

1178 Ibid. 538.

1179 Ibid.

1180 Willott, Athenae, pp. 237-8. According to Sbaralea, the Thesaurus was approved in 1503, parts were printed at Milan in 1506, and the entire work was preserved in the Franciscan Library at Assisi; Wadding, Sup. ad Script. p. 451.

1181 The ‘G’ is certainly wrong; the initial ‘T’ is inserted in a later hand in Cott. MS. The name is doubtful; MS. reads Stanscħ or Stanftħ.

1182 Tanner, Bibl. 691.

1183 MS. Seld. supra 64, fol. 175; Script. I, 427-8.

1184 MS. and Script. ut supra.

1185 Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conformitatum, f. 81 b; Wadding, VI, 344. John Major, who edited a version of his Sentences in 1512, calls him: ‘Vir modestus, sed non inferioris doctrinae aut ingenii quam Ockam,’ Gesta Scot. Lib. IV, cap. 21.

1186 Tanner, Bibl. 329; Wadding, VIII, 139; J. Major’s preface to Wodham’s Sentences, ed. 1512.

1187 Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 327.

1188 Analecta Franciscana, II, 177.

1189 Bale, Script. I, 447.

1190 In the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, MS. 514 (olim 551) has the note: ‘Verisimile est authorem hujus libri esse magistrum Adamum de Rodromo’ (i.e. Wodham). The MS. really contains only Peter Lombard’s Sentences without any commentary.

1191 Cf. notice of Walter Chatton.

1192 Bale adds that he wrote Sententias et conclusiones, Lib. I, ‘Absolutio criminis sive peccati’ (on the power of the Mendicants to hear confessions, especially against Wetheringsete), ex officina Ricardi Kele; Sententias Oxoniensis consilii, Lib. I, ‘Sententie septem ponuntur’ (?). MS. Bodl. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 9. For Wetheringsete or Wetherset, see Tanner, Bibl. 759.

1193 Mon. Franc. I, 560.

1194 Ibid. 538.

1195 W. of Nottingham, 17th Minister in 1322; Thomas Kingesbury, 26th Minister in 1380; the dates between these are uncertain.

1196 Script. Brit. I, 432.

1197 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 560.

1198 Unless the conjecture about J. Valeys is correct.

1199 Digby, MS. 90, f. 6b (14th century), in Bodleian.

1200 Tanner, Bibl. 567. The chronicle is in Brit. Mus. MS. Cotton, Vitell. F, IX.

1201 The name is unfortunately not clearly written in the Cott. MS: it may be Vilers: cf. Memorials of Merton Coll. p. 199.

1202 Wood, Annals, A. D. 1349.

1203 Pat. 1 Ric. II, pt. 4, m. 37.

1204 Mon. Franc. I, p. 5.

1205 Wadding, I, 303; Anal. Franc. II, pp. 14-15.

1206 Christ. Davenport, Opera omnia (Duaci 1665), Tom. I, Hist. Minor, p. 2: he adds, ‘Originale meo adhuc tempore in Episcopio Audomarensi servabatur.’

1207 Mon. Franc. I, p. 5. Cf. Lanerc. Chron. p. 30; Annals of Worc. p. 416 (Ann. Monast. IV).

1208 Mon. Franc., ibid.

1209 Ibid. 53-4.

1210 Ibid. 34, 35, 36-7.

1211 Mon. Franc. I, 37; cf. Barth. of Pisa, fol. 79 b.

1212 Mon. Franc. ibid.

1213 Chron. Majora, III, 257: ‘familiaris erat domino regi et consiliarius ipsius.’

1214 Ibid. Cf. p. 251; Mon. Franc. I, 52; Ann. Monast. I, 92.

1215 Mon. Franc. ibid.

1216 He was present at the translation of the body of St. Francis in 1230; ibid. 5.

1217 Mon. Franc. I, 52-4, account of his death, &c.

1218 This is supported by MS. Cott. Nero A. IX, f. 70 b: ‘A^o domini MCC 35 frater Agnellus... obiit,’ and Cott. Cleop. B. XIII, f. 146 b.

1219 Mon. Franc. I, 52.

1220 Ibid. 54; Barth. of Pisa, fol. 79, 80; 126, ‘miraculis pluribus decoratus.’

1221 Mon. Franc. I, 5-7, 7, 9, 10, 27. I have found no authority for the form ‘Kingesthorp’ which Leland, and his followers Bale and Pits, substitute for Ingewrthe, except a late marginal note in Phillipps MS. 3119, f. 71.

1222 Mon. Franc. I, 6, 7, 9, 10. Bale’s statement that R. of Devon and W. Eton ‘seipsos castrabant’ is probably without any foundation, so far as the former is concerned; see William of Esseby.

1223 Mon. Franc. I, 15. In the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston he is called ‘Ada de Exonia’ (fol. 72 b).

1224 Ibid. 15-16.

1225 ‘Toto famosus orbe,’ probably when Eccleston wrote, i.e. after Adam’s death.

1226 ‘In die conversionis Sancti Pauli;’ Mon. Franc. I, 15.

1227 ‘Fuit autem tunc socius Magistri Adae de Marisco et ad robas suas;’ ibid.

1228 Ibid. 16.

1229 Letter II (pp 17-21): Grostete was then Archdeacon of Leicester, an office which he resigned in 1231.

1230 Mon. Franc. I, 16.

1231 Ibid. 15.

1232 See Grosseteste, Epistolae, Nos. I, XXXVIII, and p. 449.

1233 Mon. Franc. I, 45, 47.

1234 Ib. 25, 32.

1235 Ibid. 549, cf. p. 32: ‘Fratrem Albertum in loco Leycestriae... recepit.’ Leland’s notes are from the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston, which differs in some respects from the Cotton and York MSS. But Phillipps MS. fol. 74 adds in a marginal note in an old hand, ‘obiit autem in Acria, plenus dierum.’

1236 Ibid. 25.

1237 Annals of Dunstable, anno 1233 (Ann. Monast. III, 133-4).

1238 Annals of Osney, p. 70 (Ann. Monast. Vol. IV)

1239 Ibid. 82; cf. Mon. Franc. I, 16. M. Paris under the year 1241 writes, ‘the Abbat of Osney smitten with pusillanimity of mind, left the Order of the great doctor Augustine and migrated to the Order of Minors, wishing to try the novelty;’ IV, 163.

1240 Liber Conform. fol. 79 b.

1241 Mon. Franc. I, 320 (letter 178); for the date see p. 139, n. 8.

1242 Chronica Fratris Jordani in Anal. Franc. I, 17, 18.

1243 Mon. Franc. I, 54; Wadding, Annales III, 22. The period of his ministry in Germany is given by Jordan, Anal. Franciscana I, 11, 16; the authority for his ministry in Spain is Chronica Anonyma, ibid. 284.

1244 Mon. Franc. I, 53, 54.

1245 Ibid. 55.

1246 Ibid. 60.

1247 Ibid. 38.

1248 Ibid. 58, 47.

1249 The list of General Ministers in the Reg. Fratrum Minorum Londoniae states: ‘Frater Albertus Pisanus fuit iv^us generalis, et ministravit tribus annis; qui prius fuit minister in provincia Angliae.’ Mon. Franc. I, 553. Eccleston mentions no space of time, but states that Haymo was made Minister of England in the same Chapter in which Albert was elected General, that he ‘ministered one year in England, and was afterwards elected General’ (ibid. 57, 59). There is no reason to suppose that Haymo resigned the Provincialate before he became General. The early dates in the Registrum are untrustworthy. Further, a note to the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston (fol. 76, dorse) says, in a list of General Ministers: ‘quintus fuit frater Albertus de Pysis bonus et sanctus homo qui non vixit in ministerio nisi sex mensibus et migravit ad dominum.’ The handwriting of the note is about contemporary with that of the text.

1250 Mon. Franc. I, 48, 58.

1251 Mon. Franc. I, 58. Eccleston gives a somewhat confused account of the vision relating to the event; the vision seems to have appeared to Haymo. See Annals of Tewkesbury (R.S.), sub anno 1239; and Mon. Franc. I, 542 (A. D. 1239).

1252 M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, 163; Hist. Angl. II, 374: ‘Magister Radulphus de Madenestane, vir quidem moralis et eliganter literatus, sed ordini Praedicatorum (!) fidei interpositione obligatus.’ Barth. of Pisa, Lib. Conform. f. 82, 101b; an account of the vision in consequence of which he became a Minorite.

1253 Liber Conform. f. 79b.

1254 M. Paris, Chron. Majora, III, 168; cf. ibid. III, 305. Lyte, Oxford, p. 31.

1255 Mon. Franc. I, 59, note 1. This passage does not occur in the Phillipps MS. of Eccleston.

1256 Ann. Monast. III, pp. 148, 156.

1257 Mon. Franc. I, 59, n. 1.

1258 Mon. Franc. I, 72; Phillipps MS. f. 80 b reads pueri for plurimi in line 3.

1259 Mon. Franc. I, 62.

1260 See Part I, chapter vi.

1261 ‘Ut plurimum erubesceret,’ Mon. Franc. I, 72.

1262 Ibid. 59.

1263 Ibid.

1264 Ibid. 69.

1265 Ibid. 38, 69, Part I, chapter v.

1266 Part I, chapter ii.

1267 Mon. Franc. I, 68.

1268 Mon. Franc. I, 70.

1269 Mon. Franc. I, 32. Eccleston says this took place in the Chapter of Genoa, i.e. either 1244, or 1254. But the letter of Innocent IV here referred to was published on Nov. 14, 1245 while W. of Nottingham and Elias, who was also mentioned (ibid.), were dead before 1254: see Ehrle, Archiv für Litt. u. Kirch. Gesch. Vol. VI, p. 31, n. 6. The declaration of the rule by Gregory IX (Quo elongati) is given in Wadding II, 244: that by Innocent IV, ibid. III, 1 29.

1270 Ibid. 70, 303.

1271 Ibid. 373.

1272 Ibid. 70.

1273 English Historical Review for Oct. 1891.

1274 Mon. Franc. I, 70.

1275 Ibid. 71. Cf. declaration of the Rule by Innocent IV, on debts; Wadding, III, 129-130.

1276 Mon. Franc. I, 59.

1277 To whom it is attributed by the Reg. Frat. Minorum Lond. Mon. Franc. I. 538.

1278 Tanner, Bibl. 183. MSS. Oxford, St. John’s Coll. 2, prologue; Mag. Coll. 160 in calce (see Coxe’s Catalogues); and Brit. Mus. Royal MS. 4 E, ii.

1279 Mon. Franc. I, 314-5.

1280 Ibid. 315, 374, 395.

1281 Ibid. 360, 364: ‘Cui me spiritualiter inter mortales teneri fateor.’

1282 Ibid. 317, 393.

1283 Ibid. 38.

1284 Ibid. 32.

1285 Ibid. 70.

1286 Ibid. 307, 368, 380.

1287 Ibid.

1288 Ibid. 369. Cf. Bodl. Tanner MS. 223, f. 161, a license from Innocent IV to the Friars accompanying the Archbishop, ‘equitare et subtelares et capas portare,’ Aug. 2, 1249.

1289 Mon. Franc. I, 380.

1290 Mon. Franc. I, 357-8.

1291 Ibid. 349.

1292 Ibid. 137, 320, 333, 388, 405.

1293 Mon. Franc. I, Letters clxxv, ccxiv, ccxv. He may have been a Frenchman by birth.

1294 Ibid. 118.

1295 Ibid. 229.

1296 Ibid. 133.

1297 Ibid. 133, 137.

1298 Ibid. 103, 118.

1299 Ibid. I, 28.

1300 Ibid. 53.

1301 Ibid. 308.

1302 Ibid. 353-5.

1303 Mon. Franc. 28.

1304 Ibid. 355, ‘in scriptis et eloquiis tam fratribus quam saecularibus utilis et acceptus.’

1305 Ibid. 364.

1306 Lewis, Topog. Dict. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, lxvi. The name Eccleston occurs in the title of the York MS., Mon. Franc. I, p. 1.

1307 Mon. Franc. I, p. 9; cf. 17.

1308 Ibid. 39.

1309 Ibid. 10, 13, 71, &c.

1310 Ibid. p. 1, p. lxvi, Jessopp, ‘The Coming of the Friars.’

1311 Mon. Franc. I, p. 1.

1312 Ibid. 66, 70.

1313 Hist. Regum Angl. pp. 29, 82. In John Argentein’s Loci communes, written about 1476 (MS. Ashmole, 1437, p. 155) is the note: ‘Hic Rogerus fuit filius Fugardi, et creditur quod erat Rogerus Baconus natus apud Witnam juxta Oxoniam.’

1314 Ibid. 82, ‘de generosa prosapia.’ Op. Ined. pp. 13, 16: ‘Misi igitur fratri meo diviti in terra mea, qui ex parte regis consistens, cum matre mea et fratribus et tota familia exulavit, et pluries hostibus deprehensus se redemit pecunia; et ideo destructus et depauperatus, non potuit me juvare, nec etiam usque ad hunc diem habui responsum ab eo.’ Cf. ibid. p. 10.

1315 Op. Ined. p. 65.

1316 The report that he was educated at Brasenose Hall is merely a tradition founded on a foolish legend. Historical fictions die hard. In 1889, Mr. W. L. Courtney writes in the Fortnightly Review, Vol. XLVI, p. 255, R. Bacon ‘seems to have been educated at Brasenose College in Oxford, although Merton College has also laid claim to the honour of his youthful learning.’ Merton College was not founded till Roger was advanced in years; Brasenose College was founded more than two centuries after his death.

1317 Chron. Majora, IV, 244-5.

1318 Comp. Stud. Theol. Royal MS. 7, f. vii, f. 154 (quoted in Charles, p. 412; Brewer, p. lv). The origin of the tradition that Roger wrote a life of St. Edmund seems to be a passage in M. Paris, Chron. Maj. V, 369, where the historian says that he was supplied with details for the life of St. Edmund by Robert Bacon. The confusion between the two Bacons is continually recurring. Even in Luard’s edition of Grostete’s Letters there is an unfortunate misprint; on p. 65 Roger Bacon should be Robert.

1319 Op. Ined. pp. 70, 75, 82, 88, 91, 186-7, 329, 428, 472, 474.

1320 Ibid. 327, 425.

1321 Ibid. 13, 65.

1322 Ibid. 59; he writes in 1267, ‘Nam per viginti annos quibus specialiter laboravi in studio sapientiae, neglecto sensu vulgi,’ &c.

1323 Ibid.: this seems almost incredible; the Parisian libra at this time appears, from Paucton and Le Blanc, to have been a sum of 20 solidi, not (as Plumptre asserts) ‘a silver coin about the size of the more modern franc.’

1324 See Part I, chapter vii.

1325 Op. Ined. 325. A. of Hales died 1245.

1326 Charles, p. 10; Op. Ined. p. 74.

1327 Opus Majus, p. 190 (edition of 1750).

1328 Hist. Reg. Angl. p. 82.

1329 Op. Ined. p. 7, ‘famam studii quam retroactis temporibus obtinui.’ His name does not occur in the list of masters of the Friars Minors at Oxford; a note appended to that list says, that ‘according to other chronicles the fourth master is not mentioned here nor have I elsewhere found his name.’ Mon. Franc. I, 552; Phillipps MS. 3119, fol. 76. May not this have been Roger Bacon? That his name should be suppressed is not to be wondered at. (The Reg. of Friars Minors at London adds after the name of John of Parma, General Minister, 1247-1256: ‘Hic etiam scripsit fratri Rogero Bakon tractatum qui incipit, “Innominato magistro.”’ This treatise usually ascribed to Bonaventura is really addressed to a secular.)

1330 Op. Ined. p. 7; Charles, 24-25.

1331 See below.

1332 Op. Ined. p. xiv, seq.

1333 Ibid. p. 1.

1334 Ibid. p. 13.

1335 This statute was included in the Constitutiones Generales, passed in the General Chapter of Narbonne, 1260; the fast imposed was of three days’ duration; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. d. Mittelalters, Vol. VI, p. 110.

1336 Op. Ined. p. xciv, from Wood’s Antiquitates (said to be taken from the Opus Minus).

1337 Op. Ined. p. xlvi. Bacon’s difficulties are fully described in Brewer’s preface.

1338 Charles, p. 35.

1339 See below; and Brewer, Op. Ined. xlviii, seq.

1340 Op. Ined. p. lv.

1341 Charles, 36-7; Wadding, II, 449. No record or contemporary account of the trial remains.

1342 This tradition receives some support from a note appended to the Verbum abbreviatum of Raymund Gaufredi, Sloane MS. 276 (sec. xiv), printed in Sanioris Medicinae... de arte chymiae, &c., Frankfurt, 1603, p. 285: ‘Et ipse Rogerus propter istud opus ex praecepto dicti Reymundi a fratribus ejusdem ordinis erat captus et imprisonatus. Sed Reymundus exsolvit Rogerum a carcere quia docuit eum istud opus.’ Cf. ibid. p. 265, and Sloane MS. 692, f. 46.

1343 Namely, Compendium studii thelogiae.

1344 In Royal MS. 13 C i, fol. 152, is the following note in a hand of the 15th or 16th century: ‘Anno Christi 1292 in festo Sancti Barnabe (June 11) obiit Rogerus Bacon professor theologie et quasi eruditus ut magister in octo scienciis liberalibus ubi alii clerici non posuerunt preter vii sciencie’ (‘scie’ in MS.).

1345 Hist. Reg. Angl. p. 29.

1346 John Twyne says that the friars at Oxford fastened all his works with long nails to the shelves of their library and let them rot there. Jebb reasonably calls the accuracy of this statement in question, Op. Majus, p. xi (ed. 1750). Bacon’s influence however on his age was slight: ‘not a doctor of the 13th or 14th century,’ says Charles, p. 42, ‘quotes Bacon; not one combats or approves his opinions.’ In an anonymous treatise, De recuperatione sanctae Terrae, addressed to Edward III, c. 1370, the author recommends the study of mathematics, ‘propter plures earum utilitates, praecipue tactas in libello super utilitatibus hujusmodi confecto per fratrem Rogerum Bacon de ordine Minorum;’ printed in Bongars, Orientalis Hist. Tom. Secund. (1611), p. 339. W. Woodford refers to his ‘curious book,’ De retardatione senectutis, Brown, Fasc. Rerum, Vol. I, p. 197. Some of his contemporaries, such as Bungay, Peckham, William de Mara, seem to have been more generally influenced by him.

1347 Cf. MS. Sloane 2629, f. 54 b; inc. ‘Moralis philosophia est finis omnium Scientiarum aliarum’; only a few lines.

1348 Charles, Roger Bacon, p. 62, n. 7: I have not seen this edition and can get no information about it.

1349 Op. Ined. 60. ‘Patet igitur quod scriptum principale non potui mittere.’

1350 Charles is somewhat inconsistent; in spite of Bacon’s words, ‘tertia parte hujus operis,’ he refers the two treatises to separate works—the Communia Naturalium to the Opus Tertium, the De multiplicatione (rightly) to the fourth part of the Compendium Philosophiae (pp. 61, 89).

1351 Sanioris medicinae, p. 7, where a passage on alchemy is quoted.

1352 Digby MS. 55 contains a treatise on grammar falsely attributed to Bacon; inc. ‘Scientia est ordinatio depicta in anima.’ See Opera Ined. p. lxv.

1353 Royal MS. 7 F vii (see above) speaks of eight sciences, i.e. including what Bacon calls ‘scientia de communibus naturalibus.’

1354 See the works under the heading, Alchemy: cf. ‘Excerpta ex libro sex scientiarum’ in Sanioris medicinae, &c. (Frankfurt, 1603), p. 7: ‘Quarta vero scientia non modicam habet utilitatem... et est Alchymia speculativa.’

1355 The Breve Breviarium includes a treatise De vegetabilibus et sensibilibus, and another De medicinis et curis corporum; edition of 1603, pp. 228 and 156; MS. Bodl. E Musaeo 155, pp. 549 and 553.

1356 Printed in Opera Ined. p. 359 seq.

1357 The special treatise on alchemy in this work does not seem to be extant. Cap. vii of the Communia Naturalium begins, ‘De generacione. Habito ergo de principiis naturalibus generacionis.’

1358 Sloane MS. 3744, p. 71 (sec. xv) contains Errores secundum Bacon. Inc. ‘Scito enim quod omne corpus aut est elementum aut ex elementis compositum.’ According to Charles (p. 71) this is the De Erroribus medicorum.

1359 Charles, R. Bacon, p. 76. It is often, perhaps rightly, attributed to John de Rupescissa.

1360 Brewer reads, ‘Explicit liber tertius De Consideratione quartae Sententiae S. Magistri per Rogerum Bacon,’ &c. His whole account of this MS. is not very trustworthy; Op. Ined. p. xxxix.

1361 Cf. MSS. Sloane 284 (sec. xiv), 477 (A. D. 1309), and 2411; Digby 150 (sec. xiii), f. 106, ‘Extracciones a Thezauro pauperum, libro scil. preceptorum medicinalium.’

1362 John of London was a master, and contemporary of Roger’s; Op. Ined. p. 34. ‘Juvenis Johannes’ was aged 20 or 21 in 1267, and had no experience in teaching, ibid. 61.

1363 The dates are conclusive; Peckham entered the Order as a young man, not as a boy, in the lifetime of Adam Marsh; Mon. Franc. I, 256. ‘Juvenis Johannes’ was about 12 years old when Adam died.

1364 Op. Ined. 63.

1365 Ibid. 61.

1366 Ibid.

1367 Ibid. 62.

1368 Namely, a treatise on rays, Op. Ined. p. 230, and an elaborate one on mathematics and judicial astrology, ibid. 270; John took also a concave lens, ibid. p. 111.

1369 Ibid. 62.

1370 MS. Gray’s Inn Libr. 7, f. 62, ‘a quadam villa proxima que dicitur Herteford.’

1371 MS. Gray’s Inn Libr. 7, f. 62.

1372 Ottobon came to England in November, 1265, and left in July, 1268.

1373 Miracula Symonis de Montfort, p. 96 (Camden Soc. 1840).

1374 Ibid. p. 95.

1375 Hardy, Descript. Catal. Vol. III, p. 207, No. 352. Wadding, Script. 218, Sup. ad Script. p. 667.

1376 Twyne, MS. XXII, 103 c. (Defensorium, cap. 62). Perhaps he is the ‘Frater G. de Ver’ who was at the London convent, c. 1250, Mon. Franc. I, 328.

1377 Bale (I, 323) and Pits.

1378 Pits calls him S.T.P. of Oxford; his name does not occur in the list of Franciscan masters. Wadding (VI, 48) says that Duns Scotus was made S.T.P. at Oxford when Ware was called to Paris. This is incorrect; Duns was never doctor of Oxford; see notice of him.

1379 Dugdale, Monast. Vol. VI, Part III, p. 1529 (from Fr. a S. Clara).

1380 Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 81, ‘Johannes Guarro Anglicus magister Scoti.’ Duns Scotus mentions him twice in his works, Wadding, VI, 45. Cf. Bibl. S. Antonii, at Padua, MS. in Pluteo XXII, in calce: ‘Varro professionis Minoritae Doctorum Jubar et praeceptor Divi Scoti famosus’; quoted by Tomasin, p. 60 b.

1381 Willot, Athenae, p. 166.

1382 Collectanea, III, 51.

1383 A ‘Richard Middleton’ was fellow of Merton sub Edw. III; of course he is not to be confounded with the Minorite doctor.

1384 Wadding, IV, 54, 121. Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. III, 417. This date is sufficient to show that he cannot have finished the Summa of Alexander of Hales at the command of Pope Alexander IV, as Davenport (Francis a S. Clara) alleges, Opera, Tom. I, Hist. Minor, p. 12. The Summa was finished by Friar William of Middleton, D.D. of Paris (and probably fifth master of the Franciscans at Cambridge), who died 1261, Wadding, IV, 57; Lanerc. Chron. 70; Mon. Franc. I, 555.

1385 Archiv, &c., II, 296 (from Angelus de Clarino, Hist. Tribulat.).

1386 Wadding, VI, 13; and Willot, Athenae.

1387 Athenae, 314-315; the two last epithets are applied to him in the edition of his Quodlibets printed at Venice in 1509.

1388 Wadding, Sup. ad. Script. 633; this is the earliest instance which I have found of the special application of any such title to Richard Middleton.

1389 It is always assumed that he was an Englishman; the available evidence on the point is slight. MS. Borghes. 322, f. 174 a (sec. xiv) has the note: ‘Hic loquitur (Petrus J. Olivi) stulte contra fratrem G. de Mara et communem opinionem.’ MS. Borghes. 358, f. 227 b (sec. xiv): ‘Magister Guillelmus de Anglia habet duas sententias in instrumentis duobus datas contra doctrinam P(etri) J(oannis)...’ &c. The second William here is probably W. de Mara (Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. III, 472-3). B. of Pisa and Tritheim say nothing about his nationality. The name was not uncommon in England; see e.g. Pat. Roll, 10 Edw. I, m. 7 dorse; Le Neve, Fasti, vol. iii; cf. forest of Mara, or Delamere in Cheshire.

1390 Charles, Roger Bacon, p. 240. Cf. B. of Pisa, Liber Conform. fol. 81: ‘scripsit... contra fratrem Thomam de Aquino correctorium componendo.’

1391 Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 323.

1392 This reply was printed at Cologne, 1624 (Charles, ibid.), and at Cordova in 1701. See Merton Coll. MS. 267; MS. in Bibl. S. Anton. Venet. in pluteo xviii; Boston of Bury, in Tanner, Bibl. p. xxxviii.

1393 Charles, Roger Bacon, pp. 240-1.

1394 Anal. Franc. II, 115.

1395 ‘Scripsit super sententias ad opus domini fratris Bonaventure multa superaddendo et multa quodlibeta faciendo.’ B. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 81: cf. Tanner, Bibl. 223.

1396 Other works attributed to him by Sbaralea (Wadding, Sup. ad Script.), viz. Paraphrasis Musaei and Sylvarum libri quatuor, are by W. de Mara, Bishop of Constance in the fifteenth century.

1397 Peckham’s Reg. p. 1040.

1398 Part I, chapter i.

1399 Report IV, pp. 442-4.

1400 Oliver, Monasticon Diocesis Exon. p. 331. He is not to be confused with his namesake, the opponent of Ockham: he may possibly be the author of the Tractatus de octo Beatitudinibus in MS. Laud. Misc. 368, fol. 106 (sec. xiv).

1401 Cf. Inquisitio ad quod damnum 20 Edw. I (Nov. 1291), in Mon. Franc. II, 289.

1402 His name does not occur in the list of lectores, as it probably would have done had he been a Franciscan; this inference however cannot be drawn with any certainty.

1403 Rolls of Parliament, I, 16 a. Lyte, p. 127. The name of ‘Frater Willelmus de Leominstre’ stands first in the list of the five magistri who represented the University.

1404 Script. II, 98. Cf. MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 48, ‘ex officina Joannis Cocke.’

1405 Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁴⁄7, 17-18 Edw. I (R.O.): ‘per manus fratrum Johannis de Bekinkham et Johannis de Clara xvi^li. xiii^s iiii^d.’

1406 Peckham, Regist. p. 895.

1407 Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁴⁄7 (R.O.).

1408 Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe, ⁸⁄2, m. 1.

1409 Ibid. ¹³⁄35 (m. 1): ‘ffratri Johanni de Clare de ordine Minorum pro expensis suis et conductione equitature pro se et socio suo eundo cum magna festinacione ad diversa loca pro fratre Hugone de Hertpoul ministro ordinis sui querendo ad consensum expedicioni negociorum predictorum prestandum per manus proprias apud Berkhamstede eodem die (March 29) xxiiij^s iij^d.’ The business mentioned was connected with a bequest to the Mendicant Orders by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall.

1410 MS. Digby 154, fol. 38.

1411 Kennet’s Parochial Antiquities, I, 362.

1412 MS. Digby 154, fol. 37 b.

1413 Mon. Franc. I, 556.

1414 Mon. Franc. I, 514.

1415 Exchequer, Q. R. Wardrobe, Accts. ¹⁶⁄14, 35 Edw. I. (R.O.)

1416 Mon. Franc. I, 512-3. See ibid. 518: ‘Octavam fenestram vitrari fecit frater Henricus de Sutton, gardianus.’

1417 MS. New Coll., Oxford, 92; among other preachers mentioned is Simon of Gaunt, Chancellor of the University in 1291.

1418 Wood MS. F 29 a, f. 178 (i.e. Wood-Clark, II, 386).

1419 Ibid., and Mon. Franc. I, 552.

1420 Wood MS. ibid.

1421 There is no evidence as to the place of his birth (the note which Leland triumphantly quotes—Merton Coll. MS. 59—was written in 1455, and contains the baseless statement that he was fellow of Merton College); and the only evidence of his nationality is the name ‘Scotus,’ and a note in the catalogue of the library at Assisi, written 1381: ‘Opus super quatuor libros sententiarum mag. fratris Johannis Scoti de Ordine Minorum qui et doctor subtilis nuncupatur, de provincia Hiberniae.’

1422 Wood-Clark, II, 386. He must have attained the age of thirty by this time; Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. VI, pp. 128-9.

1423 Wadding (VI, p. 48) cites some passages bearing on the date. Duns’ great work on the Sentences is called Scriptum Oxoniense, but I do not know how far the name can be traced back; Merton Coll. MSS. 60, 61, 62, date from the middle of the 15th century. Barth. of Pisa however says: ‘Hic primo in Anglia Oxonie Sentencias legit. Deinde in studio Parisiensi.’

1424 He says, e.g. on the authority of the letter, that Duns was at Paris in 1304; the letter implies exactly the opposite; he was in ‘some province other than the province of France.’

1425 Wadding, VI, 51, from Petrus Rodulphus, ‘qui eas ex ipso exscripsit autographo.’

1426 Wadding, VI, 107.

1427 Ibid. 51. The passage is usually understood to refer to his regency at Paris. No record of the Chapter remains.

1428 Ibid. 116. The statement that he died at the age of 34 or 43 is a pure guess. The tradition of his having been buried alive when in a trance is found in St. Bernardin of Siena; Wadding, VI, 114.

1429 Liber Conform. f. 81.

1430 Archiv f. L. u. K. Gesch. I, 368, n. 1. Ehrle adds that the epithet occurs in some MSS. which he puts in the first half of the fourteenth century; ibid.

1431 See the critical notice prefixed to each work in the Lyons edition; and Hist. Litt. Vol. XXV, pp. 426-446.

1432 Rejected by Wadding without good reason: Hist. Litt. xxv, 447.

1433 Twyne MS. XXII, 103 c.

1434 Wood MS. F 29 a, 178: ‘Rob. de Couton’ is the eighteenth in the list of twenty-two names.

1435 ‘Doctor amoenus vulgo vocatus est.’ Pits, p. 443 (anno 1340).

1436 I have not found any mention of Robert Cowton in any foreign library, unless ‘Cathon’ in Bibl. Nat. Paris MSS. 15886-7, be for Cowton. Valentinelli proposes to identify Cowton with ‘Frater ven. doctor Robertus Anglicus ordinis Minorum,’ the author of a Dialogus de formalitatibus inter Ochanistam et Dumsistam (sic): inc. ‘quod verbis vituperii satis abundas’; MS. Venice; St. Mark, Vol. I. Class. V, Cod. 24 (sec. xv). The author was probably later than Cowton; perhaps Robert Eliphat.

1437 Ann. Min. VI, 176: Wadding refers vaguely to ‘Irish MSS.’ Cf. Bale, Script. II, 242-3. Dict. of Nat. Biography.

1438 Willot, Athenae, 83. Bale, Vol. II, p. 52: ‘Sophisticus doctor et scriptor antiquus.’ William Woodford refers on several occasions to ‘Doctor antiquus’ on the Sentences; Harl. MS. 31, f. 79, &c.

1439 Bale gives these notes in MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 16 b: Brynkeley... scripsit distinctiones theologicas, lib. I; ‘Ad sciendam primam originem et finalem’; ex Ramesiensi monasterio. Brenkyll Minorita scripsit lecturam sententiarum, lib. IV; ‘Utrum per aliquam disciplinam vel scientiam’; ex Coll. Regine Oxon. Brinquilis Minorita anglus scripsit super sententias, lib. IV; ‘Sit aliqua conclusio theologica’; Ex bibl. Carmel. Parisiensium.

1440 Mon. Franc. I, 543; Brodrick, Mem. of Merton Coll., 197-8; Bale, Script. I, 391.

1441 Tanner, Bibl. 150. All Souls MS. 87 (A. D. 1473), ‘Joannis Scoti discipulus.’ The note in Peterhouse MS. 2-4-2, ‘studiit Oxon et Paris,’ is in a late sixteenth-century hand.

1442 Wood-Clark, II, 402.

¹⁴⁴³ At the end of the work in this edition: ‘Expliciunt questiones super octo libris phisicorum Aristotilis doctoris profundissimi fratris Johannis canonici ordinis fratrum minorum Anno 1475... Padue impresse.’ At the end of the volume: ‘... compilatum a domino iohanne marbres magistro in artibus tholose et canonico,’ &c. The explicit of Book I and Book II attributes these quaestiones to ‘Doctor canonicus magister Petrus Casuelis ordinis minorum.’

1444 Record Off. Treasury of Receipt, ²⁄35.

1445 Wadding, Ann. Min. VI, 246.

1446 Wood says that Ockham received the last title from the Pope. Annals, I, 439.

1447 Lambeth MS. 221 (sec. xiv), fol. 308 b; among ‘modern Oxonians,’ singled out for special praise, is ‘Occam inceptor in theology.’ Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 81 b, calls him ‘Bacalarius formatus Oxonie.’ Cf. MS. Bibl. Mazarine, Paris, 894 (sec. xiv), ‘Questiones super primum librum Sententiarum de ordinacione fratris Guillelmi de Okham de ordine fratrum Minorum, Oxonie.’

1448 Riezler, Die literarischen Widersacher der Päpste, &c. pp. 35, 241.

1449 Wadding, VI, 396; Riezler, p. 71, &c. The English Provincial was William of Nottingham.

1450 Wadding cites a letter of John XXII dated Kal. Dec. A^o VIII (1323), ordering the Bishops of Ferrara and Bologna to inquire into a report that Ockham had upheld the doctrine of Evangelical Poverty in a public sermon; if so, he was to be sent to Avignon within a month. Ann. Min. VII, 7, 23.

1451 Anal. Franc. II, 142. Among the writings must have been the treatise De paupertate Christi, which Leland and Wadding mention, but which has not been identified. Cf. also Wadding, VII, 81-2, who states a work written at Avignon in 1328 was afterwards inserted in the Dialogus.

1452 Riezler, 71.

1453 Ibid. 68-71; Anal. Franc. II, 143.

1454 Riezler, 76-7.

1455 Ibid. 95 seq.

1456 Ibid. 82.

1457 In his treatise on the election of Charles, the creature of the Pope.

1458 Wadding, VIII, 12-13, where the letter of the Pope to the General Minister, with the form of absolution, is given.

1459 Riezler; Wadding, VIII, pp. 10-11.

1460 On the last fly-leaf is a rude portrait of the author.

¹⁴⁶¹ According to Tanner, one of Ockham’s works on the Physics was printed at Strasburg in 1491.

1462 Another work on the Physics ascribed to Ockham was preserved at Assisi, and perhaps is there still: inc. prol. ‘Philosophos plurimos’: inc. opus. ‘Iste liber dividitur in duas partes.’ (Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 328.)

1463 The first, consisting of three quaestiones, is called: ‘Tractatus quam gloriosus de sacramento altaris, et in primis de puncti, linee, superficiei, corporis, quantitatis, qualitatis et substantie distinctione,’ &c. The second contains forty-one chapters: ‘Incipit accessus ad tractatum de corpore Christi.’ Explicit: ‘hec tamen simpliciter falsa est, corpus Christi est quantitas in sacramento altaris.’

1464 Ockham did not write the Disputatio inter militem et clericum. See Riezler, 144-8.

1465 I do not know whether this MS. contains Tractatus i of Part III; probably, like most of the MSS., it omits it.

1466 Goldast, Monarchia, II, 771.

1467 Goldast, Monarchia, II, 957; Riezler, 263. Goldast speaks of six treatises only as missing, being apparently under the impression that he has printed three. The subdivisions are very confusing, and lead to many mistakes.

1468 He was B.D. of Paris in 1373; D.D. in 1380; Chancellor in 1389; Bishop of Cambrai in 1396; Cardinal in 1411; he died in 1425. Oudin, Scriptores, III, p. 2293.

1469 MS. Paris, Bibl. Nat. 14579, fol. 88—fol. 101b: ‘Explicit abbreviatio Dyalogi Okan quam fecit magister Petrus de Alliaco Episcopus Cameracensis et postea cardinalis.’

1470 Ibid. f. 101 b. His nomenclature differs from that used here and (generally though not consistently) in the printed editions: thus he calls ‘Pars I’ Tractatus primus; ‘Pars II,’ Tractatus secundus; ‘Pars III, Tract ii’ (the only portion of Part III known to him), Tractatus tertius. Thus fol. 98 b: ‘Tractatus tertius est de viribus Romani imperii et habet 5 libros.’ Books 1, 2, and 3, correspond to those printed in Goldast (Pars III, Tract. ii, Libri 1, 2, 3): Book 4 discussed whether the emperor should defend the rights of the Roman Empire by arms ‘etiam contra papam cardinales et clerum’; Book 5 treated ‘de rebellibus, proditoribus,... Romani imperii.’ These two books were not known to Peter d’Ailly, and are not now to be found.

1471 Analecta Franciscana II, 169 sqq.

1472 Mon. Franc. I, 556. Tanner (Bibl. 202) confounds him with another H. de Costesey in the fifteenth century.

1473 Bale, I, 409.

1474 Leland, Collect. III, 49.

1475 Twyne MS. XXIII, 266; cp. Part I, Chapter VII.

1476 Wood, Hist. et Antiq. II, 398; Le Neve, Fasti III, 465, 170; Mon. Franc. I, 542.

1477 Wadding, VII, 291.

1478 According to Bale he left several of his works to the convent at Reading; I have not found the authority for this statement. See Tanner, Bibl. 469. Adam de Lathbury was Abbat of Reading monastery in 1233. Dugdale, Vol. VI, Part III, p. 1509.

1479 The assertion that he flourished in 1406 rests on a misunderstanding of the explicit in MS. Merton Coll. 189: ‘explicit secundum alphabetum et sic totum opus est completum A. D. 1406.’ This of course only refers to the writing of the MS.

1480 Liber moralium in Threnos, cap. 106; Merton Coll. MS. 189, fol. 172 dorse.

1481 MS. Selden, supra 64, fol. 75.

1482 MS. Selden, supra 64, fol. 89, ‘ex quodam Minoritarum registro.’

1483 See notice of Lathbury.

1484 Wadding, Script. 116; Sup. ad Script. 341.

1485 Mon. Franc. I, 541.

1486 Record Office, Roman Transcripts, Regesta, Vol. V, f. 80-81, 1 Clement VI; ‘per sexdecim annorum spatium continue institit.’

1487 Record Office, Roman Transcripts, ibid. He has permission to continue to reside in the London convent, to have a decent chamber, one friar as socius, one clerk, two servants, and to dispose of his books and other property.

1488 Mem. of Merton, p. 208.

1489 ‘Item versus finem chori ex parte Boriali a stallis sub fune lampadis jacet sub longo lapide ffrater Johannes Lamborn confessor Regine Isabelle et filius Baronis et ultimus heres illius baronis.’ MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 276.

1490 Mon. Franc. I, 543; Mem. of Merton, 208.

1491 Mon. Franc. ibid.; MS. Digby 176, fol. 50, 40.

1492 Mon. Franc. ibid. He may be the same as Langberg or Langborow, fellow of Merton in 1357, and S.T.P., who is said to have become a Minorite. Simon Lamborn, fellow of Merton in 1347, Proctor in 1361, and S.T.P., is also said to have entered the Order, but Wood reasonably supposes this incident to have been borrowed from the life of Reginald Lambourne. Memorials of Merton, 208-9.

1493 Liber Conform. f. 81 b.

1494 Pits, p. 443. Bale is less definite, ‘Anglorum gymnasia... petiit.’ I, 416. Cf. Wadding, VII, 170 (A. D. 1334).

1495 Mon. Franc. I, 557. Tanner mentions him as Robert Eliphat, and ‘Aliphat Anglus, Gregorii Ariminensis auditor’; Bibl. pp. 259, 36.

1496 Cf. also p. 222, note 5, above.

1497 Mon. Franc. I, 557; Mem. of Merton Coll., 195, 346.

1498 Mon. Franc. I, 557, 560, 538.

1499 Mon. Franc. I, 541.

1500 Rymer’s Foed. Vol. II, Part. II, pp. 870, 991; Vol. III, Part. I, p. 230.

1501 Mun. Acad. pp. 173-180.

1502 Ibid. 208. See pp. 43-3 above.

1503 Tanner, Bibl. 509.

1504 Oxf. City Records, Old White Book, fol. 55 b.

1505 Wadding, VIII, 106, 457; the papal letter is dated, IV Idus Feb. A^o III; Mon. Franc. I, 561.

1506 Wadding, VIII, 127; Wood, Annals, sub anno 1360.

1507 Mon. Franc. I, 538.

1508 Copy in Lambeth MS. 1208, f. 99 b-100: ‘Copia bulle quam frater Rogerus Coneway optinuit in Romana curia anno Christi 1359; III Non. April, A^o VII.’ The date in Todd’s Catalogue is wrong. For the papal decree referred to, see Corpus Juris Canon., Extravag. Communium Liber V, Tit. III, cap. 2.

1509 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1510 His Defensio Mendicantium was written at the command of some superior; see cap. III (Goldast, Monarchia, Tom. II): ‘Ad quem (Armachanum) dignatus est me rogare quidam venerabilis pater ac magister, qui me potuit obligare mandato, quod eiusdem Domini dictis et calumniis pro viribus obviarem.’

1511 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, f. 274 b.

1512 This volume, and MS. 12 in the same library (containing the ‘Moralities’ of Nicholas Bozon), were given by Conway when Minister to the Franciscans of Chester.

1513 Hist. of Norf. IV, p. 131.

1514 Digby MS. 90, in calce.

1515 Ibid.

1516 Leland, Script.; the work does not appear to be extant. Wadding suggests that the commentary printed among the works of Duns Scotus (Vol. II) may be by Tunstede.

1517 Laud. Misc. MS. 657 (sec. xv); cf. Pub. Libr. Cambr. MS. Mm III, 11. For representations of Wallingford and the clock, see MSS. Cott. Claud. E IV, f. 201; Nero D VII, &c.

1518 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1519 Ibid.

1520 See Part I, chapter iv: the treatise is printed under the name of Simon Tunstede in E. de Coussemaker’s Auctores de Musica med. Aevi, Nova Series, Vol. IV, pp. 220-298. Paris, 1876. The treatise, according to the editor, is very important, and forms in some sort the transition between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

1521 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1522 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, f. 274 b.

1523 The forms Mardiston (Brewer) and Marcheley (Leland, Bale, Pits) are wrong; they are derived from MS. Cott. Nero A IX, f. 103, where the name, though indistinct, is certainly Mardisley.

1524 Tanner, Bibl. 509; Wadding, Script. 146; Bale, Pits.

1525 Tanner, ibid; in Registro capituli S. Petri Ebor.

1526 Eulog. Hist. III, 337-8.

1527 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561: cf. notice of Th. Kyngesbury.

1528 Mon. Franc. ibid.

1529 Wadding, VIII, pp. 239, 249.

1530 Wadding, Vol. VIII, p. 178.

1531 Rymer’s Foed. Vol. III, pt. II, p. 995. In a papal letter of 1376 he is described as ‘conservator privilegiorum Fratribus Ordinis Minorum in Hibernia a Sede Apostolica concessorum specialiter deputatus,’ Wadding, VIII, p. 592. Cotton, Fasti Eccles. Hibern. I, 89.

1532 Wadding, VIII, 298 (see notice of H. of Halvesnahen). Chronicon Angliae 1328-1388 (R.S.), p. 222.

1533 Rymer’s Foed. IV, 30.

1534 B. of Pisa, Liber Conf. fol. 81 b: ‘suis determinationibus Oxonie factis.’ Wadding, VIII, 333.

1535 Bale, Pits; Willott, Athenae, 229.

1536 MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 80.

1537 Wadding, Vol. VIII, p. 332. The original document from which these facts are derived is not given in the Regestrum at the end of the volume: the date would be, Greg. XI, A^o 6.

1538 Wadding, VIII, 166, 500.

1539 Ibid. 221, seq.

1540 Dated, VII Kal. April, A^o VIII (Urban V).

1541 Quétif and Echard (II, 136 b), mention a Dominican writer, William Piati or Prati, who flourished 1540, but do not assign this treatise to him.

1542 MS. Cott. Domit. A II, f. 1.

1543 MS. Cott. Faust. A II, f. 1.

1544 Bale, Script. I, 513; he is said to have written Calendarii castigationes (inc.: ‘Corruptio calendarii horribilis est’), which I have not found. MS. formerly in Caius College (perhaps now No. 141?). Cf. R. Bacon, Op. Ined. p. 272.

1545 Edit. Skeat, p. 3.

1546 E.g. by Chaucer (ut supra).

1547 Mercator’s Atlas, translated by Hexham, Vol. I, p. 44; Hakluyt, I, 134.

1548 Elsewhere called ‘Jacobus Cnoyen Buscoducensis,’ or ‘of Hartzeuan Buske’ (i.e. Bois-le-Duc, Mr. R. L. Poole informs me): I can find nothing about him.

1549 The Latin edition of Mercator, A. D. 1606, adds ‘(quod tamen ab alio prius accepit)’.

1550 Quoted, without a reference, in Hakluyt, I, 135.

1551 MS. Arundel 207, ad calcem: ‘ego frater Nicholaus de Linea, ord. beate Dei genetricis Marie de Monte Carmeli.’

1552 Fascic. Zizan. p. 287.

1553 Ann. Min. IX, 129, &c.

1554 Waterford wrote a treatise in 1433; Wadding, IX, 129; Woodford lectured at Oxford before 1381.

1555 Twyne MS. XXI, 502. See above, p. 81.

1556 Fascic. Zizan. 517, 523.

1557 MS. Exeter Coll. 7, f. 4.

1558 MS. Digby, 170; at the end of the third determinatio.

1559 MS. Digby, fol. 33.

1560 Fascic. Zizan. 525, n. 2.

1561 MS. New Coll. 156, fly-leaf; printed in App. B.

1562 See Tanner. Bibl. 785.

1563 MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, f. 274 b.

1564 Namely, De causis condemnationis articulorum 18, &c.: see below.

1565 This MS. (f. 112) contains also Philosophia naturalis (inc. ‘Queris, venerande dux Normannorum’), erroneously ascribed to Woodford, really composed by William de Conchis: cf. MS. Bodl. Digby 107; Tanner, Bibl. p. 194.

1566 Wood, Hist. et Antiq. Milman, Lat. Christ. VIII, 121.

1567 Eulog. Hist. III, 415 (R.S.). Gascoigne, Lib. Veritatum, 161: Cotton MS. Cleop. E II, fol. 262 b, a letter of Henry IV to Alexander V: the king reminds him, ‘qualiter a juventute vestra fuistis in regno Anglie, ac eciam in preclaro Universitatis Oxonie studio conversatis, quodque multos honores et bona quamplurima suscepistis ibidem.’

1568 Bibl. Nationale (Paris), Fonds de Cluni, Cod. 54, fol. 8.

1569 Gascoigne, ibid.

1570 Milman, ut supra.

1571 Eulog. Hist. III, 415. Gascoigne, 154.

1572 Eulog. Hist. III, 414, 415.

1573 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561; Cott. MS. Vesp. E VII, f. 7; Digby MS. 90, f. 6 b; Bodl. MS. 692, f. 33.

1574 Bodl. MS. ut supra.

1575 Ibid. Cf. notice of John Somer.

1576 Bodl. MS. ut supra. As to the date, see English Hist. Review, Oct. 1891.

1577 Mon. Franc. I, 538.

1578 See notices of John Somer and John Tewkesbury.

1579 Digby MS. 90, f. 6 b. A writer of the same name is mentioned by Bale and Pits, sub anno 1350. One was Fellow of Merton, c. 1340: see Tanner, Bibl. 706.

1580 Fascic. Zizan. 113 (R.S.).

1581 Eulog. Hist. Contin. III, 351 (R.S.).

1582 Fascic. Zizan. 133-180. That the work was originally a lecture is proved by MS. in Corp. Chr. Coll. Cambr. No. 331, p. 583 (sec. XV), ‘Explicit confessio magistri et fratris Johannis Tassyngton (sic) de ordine Minorum et S.T. doctoris, quam edidit, et in scholis fratrum minorum Oxoniis determinando promulgavit... A. D. 1381.’

1583 Fasc. Zizan. p. 133, note 2, &c., and Eulog. Hist. ut supra. Mr. Shirley says, ‘Tyssyngton has evidently never seen most of the books he quotes; and the references are often false.’ He attempts to give the general sense of the passages he refers to, apparently from memory.

1584 Fascic. Zizan. 357.

1585 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1586 Ibid. 538.

1587 Oxf. City Rec. Old White Bk. fol. 71 a.

1588 MS. Digby 170: ‘Explicit 3^a determinatio sive lectio magistri et fratris W. Woodford contra Wyclevystas Oxon. A. D. 1389 in scolis Minorum, et die vesperiarum fratris Johannis Romseye proximi magistri regentis.’ MS. Bodl. 393, fol. 58 b reads, ‘anno domini M^oCCC^oLXXXXIX^o.’

1589 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, f. 277 b.

1590 MS. Dd. III, 53, p. 101, in the Public Library at Cambridge; Richard occurs as king in the two succeeding entries and in several on the preceding page. That this is Richard II is clear, (1) from the writing; (2) from the mention on p. 97, of the Statute of Labourers.

1591 Laurentiana, ex Bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. XVII, Sin. Cod. X.

1592 Name erased in MS.

1593 Bandini’s Catal. Cod. Lat. Mediceæ Laurentianæ, tome IV, pref. p. xlii.

1594 Harl. MSS. No. 3768, fol. 188. Transcript in Twyne MSS. XXII, 223.

1595 Wadding, IX, 499; Eulog. Hist. Contin. III, p. 403, seq.

1596 MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 134 b, ‘ex quodam Minoritarum registro.’

1597 Mon. Franc. I, 538.

1598 Hearne’s edition of Tryvytlam’s poem in App. Vitae Ric. II (Oxon. 1729), p. 344, note 2.

1599 Ibid. p. 358 (speaking of ‘Owtrede’ of Durham).

1600 Script. 401.

1601 Bale, Script. II, 57. A ‘Hugo Angerius’ flourished in 1338, but he was probably not a friar nor an Englishman; MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris, No. 5155, § 6.

1602 ‘Dr. J. Ede Herfordensis Minorita scripsit inter cetera opus egregium, sc. lecturam in apocalypsim lib. 1. Ex scriptis Th. Gascoigne.’ Bale in MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 36 b.

1603 Leland and Bale, who refer to the Catalogus eruditorum Franciscanorum.

1604 ‘Opuscula quaedam Theologica,’ in Bernard’s Catalogue.

1605 In MSS. Paris. Bibl. Mazarine, 287 and 288 (sec. XIV) is a Tabula originalium... compilata a fratre Johanne Lectore Herfordensi ordinis fratrum Minorum. This work, though ascribed by Possevin and Tanner to J. of Hereford, is by John Lector of Erfurt. Wadding, Script. 139, Sup. ad Script. 415.

1606 Merton Coll. MSS. No. 67, f. 202 seq.: at the end, ‘Explicit determinacio fratris et magistri Will. Buttiler ordinis minorum regentis Oxonie, A. D. 1401.’

1607 Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1608 Eulog. Hist. Contin. III, 405. The year is fixed by the words, ‘Nuntius missus inveniens generalem mortuum.’ Henry of Ast died in 1405. Wadding, IX, 267.

1609 Le Neve. Wadding, IX, 320, 499.

1610 Wadding, IX, 493-4. Cf. Eulog. Hist. Cont. III, 409.

1611 Wadding, IX, 356, 529: the papal letter is dated XVI Kal. Jun. A^o IV (May 17, 1414).

1612 The list of Provincials in the Reg. Fratrum Minorum, London, has ‘Frater Willielmus Butler, doctor Oxoniae, jacet....’

1613 Bale, in MS. Seld. sup. 64, fol. 215, from MSS. in the Franciscan Friary at Reading.

1614 Mon. Franc. I, 539, 561; Wadding, IX, 356, 529; Wadding calls him ‘Bors.’

1615 Bibl. p. 118.

1616 Mon. Franc. I, 538.

1617 Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 608.

1618 Wadding, X, 53; Mon. Franc. I, 538, 561.

1619 Mon. Franc. ut supra. Wadding, X, 53.

1620 Mun. Acad. 274-5 (R.S.).

1621 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 277 ‘... jacet in plano frater Thomas Cheyny, doctor theologie.’

1622 MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris, 3221, § 5.

1623 Wadding, X, 169: perhaps Thomas Wynchelse, who in 1427, ‘famosissimus doctor illius ordinis reputabatur;’ the only John Wynchelse, Minorite, mentioned elsewhere, died a novice about 1326. See notice of him.

1624 Bale, I, 563. Blomfield, Norfolk, IV, 115.

1625 Le Neve, Fasti, Vol. III. Wood, Hist. et Antiq. Oxon, II, 404.

1626 Fascic. Zizan. p. 417.

1627 Bale, Pits, &c. Clopton was chief justice under Richard II; see e.g. Close Roll, 13 Ric. II, part 2, m. 4, in dorso.

1628 Leland, Script. 433.

1629 His epitaph contains the lines:
‘Anglia gaudet eum doctum fecisse magistrum,
·······
Inbibit Oxonie musis nova pocula morum.’

See B. Gebhardt, Matthias Döring der Minorit, Sybel’s Hist. Ztschr. for 1888, pp. 251, 293-4. Most of the statements here are derived from Gebhardt’s article, a general reference to which will suffice. Cf. Wadding, Annales, XI, 49, 180; XII, 276, &c.

1630 Ibid. p. 251. Weissenborn, Acten der Erfurter Univ. part I, p. 122.

1631 Anal. Franc. II, 287.

1632 He brought forward a ‘propositio circa Hussitarum articulum; de Donatione Constantini, num justo titulo clerici possideant bona Ecclesiarum temporalia quae Sylvestri a Constantino sint collata, in concilio Basiliensi 1432 ad disputandum proposita.’ Gebhardt, 257. Several of his discourses at the Council are preserved in Balliol Coll. MSS. 164, 165.

1633 Twyne MS. XXIV, p. 129 (from Reg. Chichele, part II, fol. 35).

1634 ‘Into pitous use of pore men.’ Wilkins, Conc. III, 456. The whole process against Russell will be found in Wilkins, Conc. III, 438-462.

1635 Ibid. 434. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 520: ‘ad has expensas (i.e. for the tiling of a roof in the London convent) dedit gardianus Russell iii libras.’

1636 Given in English, Wilkins, Conc. III, 438.

1637 Ibid. 456. Russell says himself, ‘Y... went to the court of Rome supposyng ther to have be socured.’ Ibid. 457.

1638 Ibid. 457-8.

1639 If it be the same, but he is here described as an Austin Friar. See the receipt for the £10, executed in the names of the proctors, and dated Feb. 1, 1429/30, in Oxf. Univ. Archives, F 4, f. 15. ‘Noverint universi per presentes nos... recepisse... de Fratre Willelmo Russell ordinis Augustinencium decem libras sterlingorum virtute cujusdam gracie sibi concesse de commutacione convivii debiti in die incepcionis sue.’

1640 Mun. Acad. 376.

1641 Ibid. 270, note I. Wood, Annals, pp. 569-570.

1642 Wood, Annals, sub anno 1427. Correspondence of Bekynton (R.S.), Vol. II, pp. 248-250.

1643 ‘Sacre pagine professor.’ Drake, Eboracum, App. 29, translates this, ‘professor of holy pageantry.’ This curious mistake is repeated by the editor of Mon. Franc. Vol. II, preface, p. xxviii.

1644 York Mystery Plays, by Lucy Toulmin Smith, p. xxxiv (the extract is from the York City Records, Book A, fol. 269).

1645 Mon. Franc. I, 539, 561. Wadding, X, 169. ‘Friar Roger Dewe.’ Wilkins (Conc. III, 458) prints a letter from Archbishop Chichele to ‘fratri Johanni David S.T.P. et ordinis fratrum Minorum in Anglia ministro generali,’ dated March 2, 1425, ‘et nostrae translationis anno XII’—i.e. 1426, new style.

1646 Mon. Franc. ibid. Wadding, XI, 49.

1647 Mon. Franc. ibid. Wadding, XI, 49, in Registro Ordinis (says the latter) is a list of the ‘Rectors of the Provinces,’ A. D. 1438: in England ‘Magister Thomas Roidnor.’

1648 Original in Ball. Coll. Archives (described in Hist. MSS. Com. Report, IV, p. 443).

1649 Statutes of the Oxford Colleges, Vol. I, Balliol, p. xx.

1650 Register, A a, fol. 23 b.

1651 Ibid. f. 7. (Boase, p. 287.)

1652 Reg. A a, fol. 36.

1653 MS. Cott. Julius F VII, f. 165: ‘Actus magistri Jo. Argentyn publice tentus in Univ. Cantebrigie,’ &c. in verse. Above, some notes are written: ‘natus de Kyrkeby,’ ‘de collegio Regis in (Cantebrigia?).’

1654 Tanner, Bibl. 48; Le Neve, Fasti, I, 597, 587, 620.

1655 Le Neve, III, 683.

1656 Reg. A a, fol. 2.

1657 Ibid. fol. 62 b.

1658 Reg. A a, fol. 51 b.

1659 Ibid. fol. 83.

1660 Harl. MS. 431, fol. 100 b; Mon. Franc. I, 539, 551; Wilkins, Concil. III, 459.

1661 Mun. Acad. p. 649. In the will of R. Mertherderwa (A. D. 1447) mention is made of a friar David Carn Dominican, S.T.P. of Oxford; Ibid. p. 558.

1662 Wadding, Ann. Min. XII, 10-11, who adds, ‘I have these from certain Vatican records.’

1663 Reg. A a, fol. 53.

1664 ‘Dum Bononiae legebam,’ quoted by Sbaralea; Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 420.

1665 Cotton, Fasti Eccles. Hibern. III, 17.

1666 Sbaralea has collected from his extant works references to works not as yet discovered; Wadding, Sup. ad Script. 420.

1667 Wadding, Script. 20; Sup. ad Script. 68, 420.

1668 Reg. A a, fol. 74 b.

1669 Ibid. fol. 75.

1670 Ibid. fol. 79 b, printed in Appendix.

1671 Ibid. fol. 86 b.

1672 Mon. Franc. I, 539. English Hist. Review, Oct. 1891.

1673 Gascoigne, Loci e libro veritatum, p. 100. Tanner (Bibl. p. 584) gives a reference to this letter: ‘MS. in Bibl. Gualteri Copi.’ It is probably still among the MSS. at Bramshill House, Hants. The date of the letter is not given.

1674 Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London (Camden Soc.), p. 20.

1675 P.C.C. Wattys, fol. 180 a.

1676 Francis a S. Clara, Hist. Minor, pp. 37-8.

1677 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, f. 282 b. ‘In capella Apostolorum... in medio sub lapide jacet ffrater Willelmus Goodard sacre theologie doctor gardianus loci et precipuus benefactor ejusdem qui obiit 26^o die mensis Septembris, A. D. 1485.’ On fol. 310 he is called ‘frater Willelmus Goddard junior.’

1678 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 274 b. The date is obviously wrong. In the margin 1497 is written in a later hand, but crossed out.

1679 Reg. A a, fol. 87 b.

1680 Boase, Reg. p. 24.

1681 Reg. A a, fol. 122; see App.

1682 Reg. A a, fol. 128; see App.

1683 Le Neve, Fasti, I, 103.

1684 ‘XIX Kal. Feb. anno 1466.’ Wadding, Vol. XIII, p. 356.

1685 Le Neve, ut supra.

1686 Reg. A a, fol. 14 b.

1687 Ibid. fol. 101 b.

1688 Reg. A a, fol. 117; printed in Mun. Acad. 755.

1689 Anal. Franc. II, 536.

1690 Reg. A a, fol. 119.

1691 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 277. ‘Sub secunda parte tercie fenestre jacet Johannes Alen pater Magistri quondam de capella Johannes (sic) ducis Bedfordie et in eodem loco jacent frater Johannes Alen S.T.P. quondam gardianus loci filius Johannis Alen,’ &c.

1692 Mun. Acad. 683.

1693 Wadding adds ‘de Traversagnis;’ Script. 160; Ann. Vol. XIV, p. 232.

1694 Wadding, ibid. and Sup. ad Script. 484.

1695 Ibid. His connexion with Oxford may be inferred from his Epistola nuncupatoria to Waynflete, in which he speaks of the site, building, library, &c., of Magdalen College, Lambeth MS. 450; Wharton, Anglia Sacra, I, 326.

1696 See explicit of his Rhetorica (ed. 1480): ‘compilatum autem fuit hoc opus in Alma universitate Cantabrigie, A. D. 1478, die et 6 Julii.’

1697 Lambeth MS. ut supra.

1698 Wadding, Script. 161.

1699 Macray, Annals of the Bodleian, 2nd edition, p. 376, says 1489.

1700 See also Wadding, Script. 160, 161. ‘Habentur ejus monumenta Saonae apud Minores MSS.... Magnam librorum copiam eo in conventu coacervavit.’

1701 Wood, Annals, Vol. I. p. 638. Oxf. Univ. Archives, F 4, f. 123 b, 145 a (Letter 313).

1702 Pat. 17 Edw. IV, Part II, m. 28. His business related to the royal grant of 50 marks a year. ‘Nos autem, pro eo quod littere predicte casualiter sunt amisse, sicut ffrater Willelmus Dysse coram nobis in Cancellaria nostra personaliter constitutus sacramentum prestitit corporale, et quod idem frater Willelmus litteras illas si eas imposterum reperiri contigerit nobis in eandem Cancellariam nostram restituet ibidem cancelland’ tenorem irrotulamenti litterarum predictarum ad requisicionem prefati Willelmi duximus exemplificand’ per presentes. In cujus, &c. T. R. apud Westmonasterium XIIIJ die Novembris.’

1703 Cotton, Fasti Eccles. Hibern. III, 349.

1704 Wood MS. D 2, p. 340.

1705 Wood, Athenae, I, 16-18; Wadding, Ann. Vol. XV, pp. 312, 422. He is said also to have superintended for some years the press which Ottaviano Scotto opened at Venice in 1480; Cotton, Fasti Eccles. Hibern. IV, p. 11.

1706 MS. Bibl. Mazarine, 1019; the author is here called ‘Frater Mauricius Belvacensis ordinis fratrum Minorum.’

1707 MS. C.C.C. Oxford, 227, f. 1: ‘Expliciunt questiones doctoris subtilis super secundo et tertio de anima Oxonie scripte per fratrem Petrum Pauli de Nycopia. Lord Jhesu mercy.’ Cf. notice of William Vavasour.

1708 According to Wood he became D.D. about 1500, Fasti, 6.

1709 Wood, Athenae Oxon. I, 5-6. Cooper, Athenae Cantab. I, pp. 6, 521. MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 275. Mon. Franc. I, 539.

1710 Acta Cur. Cancell. D, f. 30.

1711 Acta Cur. Cancell. D, f. 28.

1712 Ibid. f. 27, 49 b, 54, 78: F, f. 106 b; EEE f. 159. Boase, Register, p. 161; cf. 296.

1713 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 263.

1714 Wood, Athenae, 94.

1715 Wood, ibid. Lyte, 456.

1716 Lyte, 475.

1717 Wood, ibid. Several other references to him are found in the records of the Chancellor’s Court: his servant, William Cooper, was convicted of an assault on a scholar in 1509, Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 94 b; in 1513 he took Richard Leke into his service. See App. B; see also EEE, fol. 265 a.

1718 Reg. G 6, fol. 22 b, 27 b, 29 b, 30, 31 b, 43, 58 b.

1719 Reg. G 6, fol. 18. R. Hadley was one of the Observants qui fugam petierunt in 1534; Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. VII, No. 1607.

1720 Reg. G 6, f. 26 b. MS. Cott. Vitell. F, XII, fol. 288.

1721 Reg. G 6, f. 35 a.

1722 Ibid. fol. 39.

1723 Ibid. fol. 51 b.

1724 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 264 b; the entry is crossed out.

1725 See Part I, chapter VII, where references will be found.

1726 Reg. G 6, fol. 18 b, 39 b, 55. Boase, p. 46.

1727 Reg. G 6, fol. 61 b.

1728 Reg. G 6, fol. 72 (two entries about him). Another Thomas Rose, born c. 1488, is mentioned by Foxe (Acts and Monuments, VIII, 581-590); he was a priest but not a friar (ibid. 585).

1729 Reg. G 6, fol. 47 b, 161, 169, 187 b.

1730 Boase, Reg. p. 66. Tanner, Bibl. 638.

1731 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 266 b; perhaps a mistake for Walter Goodfield?

1732 Cooper, Athen. Cantab. I, 31. Notes and Queries, 1st Series, Vol. XII, p. 430. MS. Wood, B. 13, p. 14. Thompson’s Boston (ed. 1856). Stubbs, Regist. Sacrum Anglic. p. 143. Dugdale, Monasticon, Vol. VI, p. 1511.

1733 Wood, Athenae, 205. Dict. of National Biography.

1734 Wood, Athen. Oxon. I, 92-4. Cooper, Athen. Cantab. I, 55.

1735 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. II, pp. 1450, 1467, 1470, 1474, 1477; Vol. III, p. 1555.

1736 Ibid. Vol. II, p. 1465.

1737 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. II, No. 1370.

1738 He was certainly warden in 1515. Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. II, No. 1313.

1739 Mon. Franc. I, 539.

1740 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. II, Nos. 1313, 1314; Brewer, Hen. VIII, I, 250-253.

1741 Brewer, I, 245-250.

1742 Le Neve, Fasti, I, 73. Cal. of State Papers, II, Nos. 4074, 4083, 4089.

1743 Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, I, i. 90. Rymer, XIV, 12.

1744 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. 2, No. 5, p. 167.

1745 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. VI, Nos. 62, 1379.

1746 Seebohm, Oxford Reformers, 326-7.

1747 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. III, 929, 965.

1748 Brewer, II, 304, 306.

1749 Ibid. 339, 346.

1750 Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VI, No. 661.

1751 See ibid. Vol. V, App. 9.

1752 Dixon, Church of England, I, 106.

1753 Le Neve, Fasti, I, 73.

1754 P.C.C. Hogen, qu. 26.

1755 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. III, No. 929. Cf. Seebohm, Oxford Reformers, 383-4.

1756 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. IX, 34.

1757 Ibid. 34, 35, 607, 771; X, 522.

1758 Reg. G 6, fol. 107, 122 b, 171, 182 b, 168 b, 187 b (and 213 b).

1759 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II.

1760 Reg. G 6, fol. 107 b.

1761 Reg. G 6, fol. 107, 168 b, 185, 200, 205 b, 206, 207, 215.

1762 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 194. See Part I, chapter VII.

1763 Reg. G 6, fol. 127 a, b, 160, 168 b, 185 a-b, 187 b, 194 b.

1764 Boase, Reg. p. 79; 8th Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. 2, p. 27.

1765 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 264.

1766 Reg. G 6, fol. 133 b, 171 b, 177, 168 b, 187 b, 199 b, 214.

1767 MS. Cott. Vitell. F. XII, fol. 277.

1768 Reg. G 6, fol. 160.

1769 Acta Cur. Canc. F, fol. 156 b.

1770 Reg. G. 6, fol. 187.

1771 Ibid. fol. 254 b.

1772 Ibid. fol. 301.

1773 Reg. H. 7, f. 1. See also ibid. f. 22.

1774 P.C.C. Hogen, qu. 26.

1775 Acta Cur. Canc. F, f. 210; another Alyngton is mentioned in Boase’s Register, p. 99; for W. Hows, see Boase, Reg. p. 80.

1776 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, f. 250, 254 b. See Part I, chapter vii. A secular named Richard Lorgan is mentioned in Boase’s Register, p. 128.

1777 Reg. G. 6, fol. 220.

1778 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 263. Wadding (Script. 148) mentions another Minorite of the same name.

1779 Reg. G. 6, fol. 253 b.

1780 Reg. G. 6, fol. 187, 301; H. 7, fol. 1, 6 b.

1781 Reg. G. 6, fol. 257 b.

1782 Lyte, p. 222.

1783 Brodrick, Memorials of Merton College, p. 251.

1784 MS. Cott. Vitell. F XII, fol. 288 b, 313.

1785 Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VII, No. 1607. Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II, p. 30. One of this name was Rector of Gedleston, Herts., from 1551-1558; Newcourt, Repert. I, 827. Another was vicar of Clacton-parva and died before Jan. 1523 (ibid. II, 155).

1786 Acta Cur. Cancell. F, fol. 156 b.

1787 Reg. H. 7, fol. 156 b.

1788 To ensure publicity.

1789 Reg. H. 7, fol. 40, 153, 161 b, 171 b, 177 b, 178 b.

1790 Ibid. fol. 51 b. David Williams B. Can. L. must be a different person, Boase, p. 104.

1791 Ibid. fol. 61. For similar dispensation to him, see ibid. fol. 64 (May 5).

1792 Ibid. fol. 63; on circuitus, see Clark, Reg. of the Univ. Vol. II, Part I, p. 42.

1793 He was, however, not licensed till June 3, 1521; Reg. H. 7, fol. 58 b.

1794 Ibid. fol. 64, 69.

1795 Ibid. 72.

1796 Ibid. fol. 78; cf. 75, 70 b.

1797 Reg. H. 7, fol. 38, 40 b, 78.

1798 Ibid. fol. 61.

1799 Ibid. fol. 38, 51 b, 68, 69.

1800 Ibid. fol. 73, 104 b, 124, 127, 130.

1801 Reg. H. 7, fol. 140; App. D.

1802 Ibid. 142 b. 143.

1803 Eighth Report of Deputy Keeper, App. II. p. 28.

1804 Reg. H. 7, fol. 82 b, 98 b.

1805 Ibid. fol. 116 b.

1806 Ibid. fol. 117.

1807 Ibid. fol. 117 b.

1808 Ibid. fol. 119, 125 b.

1809 Ibid. fol. 129 b; in this entry he is described as Doctor.

1810 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 362.

1811 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. V, p. 304.

1812 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. IV, No. 5875.

1813 In a list of monthly wages for July, 1529, there is a payment of £6 13s. 4d. to ‘Friar Nicholas, one of the King’s spiritual learned counsel;’ in Feb., 1530, he received £3 15s. by the King’s command: ibid. Vol. V, p. 304. See ibid. Vol. IV, No. 6187 (25), a grant of denization to ‘Nicholas Delborgo, Minorite, S.T.P.,’ Jan. 21, 1530.

1814 In conjunction with Stokesley and Edw. Fox he wrote (A. D. 1530) a book on the King’s marriage, which Cranmer translated into English with alterations and additions: Cal. of State Papers, VIII, 1054; cf. Vol. VII, 289. He is probably the ‘Friar Nicolas, a learned man and the King’s faithful favorer,’ who was employed in negotiating with the University of Bologna for a decision favourable to the divorce (1530): Cal. of State Papers, Vol. IV, No. 6619. But there was another Friar Nicholas at this time who was employed by the Pope, Wolsey, Henry VIII, and other princes. This was a German Dominican, Nicholas de Scombergt or Schomberg, usually called Friar Nicholas or Fra Niccolo. He came to England in 1517, the same year that N. de Burgo began to teach in Oxford. He was in England in 1526, and hoped to be made cardinal. In Oct. 1532 he was on his way to Capua (from England?): a few months previously, Dr. Nicholas of Oxford (i.e. probably N. de Burgo) was trying to leave England. These facts are taken from the Calendars of State Papers, Hen. VIII. Vols. II-V.

1815 Cal. of State Papers, V, 593 (Dec. 21, 1531).

1816 See Part I, chapter viii.

1817 Cal. of State Papers, V, 623.

1818 Ibid. Vol. IV, 6788, ii, iv, vii.

1819 Ibid. V, 1181. When, after Wolsey’s fall, Cardinal College was in danger of suppression, Dr. Nicholas extracted an admission from the King as to the fate of the rich vestments and ornaments which had been sent to London to have the Cardinal’s arms removed; ‘he had begged of the King “whitze copies for the high days of Our Lady.” The King said, “Alack! they are all disposed, and not one of them is left.”’ Tresham to Wolsey, May 12, 1530; Cal. of State Papers, Vol. IV, No. 6377.

1820 Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VI, No. 75. The benefice was worth 25l. a year; ibid. IX, 645.

1821 Ibid. Vol. VI, No. 717.

1822 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 274.

1823 Cal. of State Papers, IX, 645.

1824 Ibid. 1120.

1825 Ibid. XII, ii, 282.

1826 Reg. H. 7, f. 110, June 8; Boase calls him Robert Kyrkeham in this place (pp. 131, and 118).

1827 Reg. H. 7, f. 104 b, 156 b, 160 b, 180 b; App. D.

1828 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II, p. 19. See will of Thomas Strey, lawyer of Doncaster (Nov. 14, 1530), in Testamenta Eboracensia (Surtees Society), Vol. V, pp. 294-7: ‘Item I bequeth to Master Doctor of Grey Freres xxvj^s viij^d to bie hym a cotte.... Theis beyng witnes of this my said will, Sir Thomas Kirkham, doctor of dyvinyte and warden of the Freres Minours in Doncaster’ (and three others).

1829 Wood, Fasti, 75.

1830 According to Newcourt (Repert. II, 174) this living was vacant by his death before Jan. 22, 1551. There may have been two of the same name. Sir Thomas Kyrkeham, priest, was among those arrested for conspiring at the Grey Friars London to refuse a subsidy to the King in 1531. Foxe, V, 57.

1831 Newcourt, I, 419.

1832 Reg. H. 7, f. 126.

1833 Wood, Fasti, 68: he refers to Cambridge tables at the end of Mat. Parker’s Antiq. Brit. Eccles. first edition; these are not in the edition of 1572. Cooper, Athen. Cantab. I, 34, 527.

1834 Mon. Franc. I 539.

1835 Smith, Catalogue of Caius Coll. MSS. p. 197, 166.

1836 Foxe, VI, 215.

1837 Reg. H. 7, fol. 150, 153, 184 b, 210 b, 234, 235, 237.

1838 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II.

1839 Wood, Fasti, 83; Newcourt, Repertorium; Foxe, VI, 215 (his evidence at the trial of Gardiner). Burnet, Reformation, II, i. 582, a curious account of Bonner’s visitation of Hadham in 1554. Strype, Life of Grindal, p. 88.

1840 Reg. H. 7, fol. 169 b; Boase, 124.

1841 Ibid. fol. 153, 169 b.

1842 Ibid. fol. 174. Cf. Newcourt, Repert. II, 114; Will. Walker, Vicar of Burnham, Essex, 1557-1582.

1843 Boase, p. 145.

1844 Reg. H. 7, fol. 218 b; adm. to incept Feb. 1, 1529/30, ibid. 210 b.

1845 Ibid. fol. 234, 235 b, 237.

1846 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 74 b, Part I, chapter vii.

1847 Reg. H. 7, fol. 288.

1848 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 257, 271 b, 380 b, Part I, chapter vii.

1849 Cal. of State Papers, VIII, 789.

1850 Ibid.

1851 Ibid. 480.

1852 Ibid. 789.

1853 Ibid. XII, ii, 557.

1854 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 124 b, 161: the date 1534 is uncertain, Reg. H. 7, fol. 290.

1855 Foxe, Acts and Monuments, V, 20.

1856 Ibid. p. 20 seq.

1857 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 161 a. There is no year marked on this leaf; on fol. 159, the years are 1534, 1536; on fol. 164, 1528; on fol. 170, 1533.

1858 Acts and Monuments, VIII, 501; he is probably the ‘old friar’ mentioned ibid. p. 500.

1859 Strype, Annals, I, i. 415.

1860 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 230, 257, 270 b, 380 b. Newcourt, Repertorium, I, 692.

1861 Boase, Reg. 168.

1862 Athenae Oxon. I, 101.

1863 Athen. Cantab. I, 61. It seems very doubtful whether these notices refer to the same person.

1864 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. V, No. 1312.

1865 Wood, Athenae Oxon. 101.

1866 Ibid.

¹⁸⁶⁷ Tanner, Bibl. p. 648; Bale (MS. Seld. sup. 64, f. 76 b) gives the Latin incipit for this work, ‘ex museo Nicolai Grimoaldi.’

1868 Wood, and Tanner, ut supra.

1869 Ames, Typographical Antiquities, pp. 486-7.

1870 Reg. H. 7, f. 273 b, 264 b, 310 b.

1871 Ibid. f. 289 b.

1872 Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VII, 665, ‘Edward Tyley, S.T.B.’ Burnet, Reform. I, ii. 205, ‘Edward Tryley, S.T.B.’

1873 Newcourt, Repertorium. Strype, Life of Grindal, p. 79.

1874 Reg. H. 7, fol. 287, 284 b. Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 271, 380 b. Part I, chapter viii.

1875 Ibid. 303 b. Part I, chapter viii.

1876 Ibid. f. 303 b.

1877 Reports of the Deputy Keeper, Rep. 8, App. II, p. 28.

1878 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, fol. 161, 230.

1879 Ibid. fol. 366 b.

1880 Ibid. fol. 380 b. The year is not certain. I have found no evidence to connect him with David Whitehead, protestant preacher, who was recommended by Cranmer for the Archbishopric of Armagh, fled on Mary’s accession, and became English pastor at Frankfurt; Strype, Life of Cranmer, 393, 399, 450.

1881 Reg. H. 7, f. 290; I. 8, f. 84 b, 85, 88: Boase, p. 175.

1882 Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London (Camden Soc.), p. 62; Strype, Cranmer, 229; Wood, Fasti, 114.

1883 Newcourt, Repert. I, 439.

1884 Strype, Cranmer, 209.

1885 Ibid. 295.

1886 Chron. of the Grey Friars, p. 62.

1887 Wood, Fasti, 114; Rymer, Foedera, XV, 237.

1888 Wood, ibid.; Strype, Cranmer, 450, 468-9.

1889 Boase, Register, p. 131; Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VI, Nos. 836, 887, 1370; VII, 923, 939, 1020, 1607, 1652; Gasquet, I, 166, 181-2. Cf. ibid. II, 420?.

1890 Boase, Register, p. 71; Gasquet, I, chapter iv; Froude, II, 178.

1891 Reg. H. 7, f. 310 b.

1892 Ibid. f. 315.

1893 Foxe, Acts and Mon. V, 20.

1894 Reg. H. 7, f. 303 b.

1895 Reg. H. 7, 308 b, 303 b.

1896 Acta Cur. Cancell. EEE, f. 161.

1897 Newcourt, Repert. II.

1898 Reg. I. 8, fol. 21 b, 23.

1899 Cal. of State Papers, Hen. VIII, Vol. VII, No. 1607; perhaps in connexion with the conspiracy of the Nun of Kent, or with the refusal of the Observants to take the Oath of Succession.

1900 Reg. H. 7, f. 303 b; I. 8, f. 9.

1901 Strype, Memorials, II, ii. 277; Life of Parker, II, 52; Wood, Fasti, 98-9; Le Neve, Fasti, I, 446, 447; Newcourt, Repert., I, 687. Wood says he was Archdeacon of Gloucester in Edward’s reign.

1902 Wood, Fasti, 106-7. Gillow, Bibliograph. Dict. of the Engl. Catholics I, 313; Bourchier (ed. Paris, 1586), p. 11.

1903 Wood, Athenae, I, 107; Gasquet, I, 192-201.

1904 Foxe, Acts and Monuments, VII, p. 79.

1905 Reg. H. 7, f. 276 b.

1906 Oliver, Monast. Exon. 331.

1907 Wood, Fasti, 92.

1908 He resigned the living in 1551; Newcourt, Repert. I.

1909 Le Neve, Fasti, I, 177.

1910 Cooper, Athen. Cantab. I, 126-7.

1911 Ibid., and Wood, Fasti.

1912 Wood, Fasti: his manner was not conciliatory: ‘he sayd opynly in his lector in Powlles that if God ware a man he was a vj or vij foote of lengthe with the bredth, and if it be soo, how canne it be that he shuld be in a pesse of brede in a rownde cake on the awter: what an ironyos oppynyone is this unto the leye pepulle.’ Grey Friars Chron. p. 63.

1913 Strype, Eccl. Mem. III, i. p. 322; Foxe, VI, 627.

1914 Foxe, VII, 84.

1915 Strype, Eccles. Mem. III, i. 166, 347.

1916 Reg. I. 8, fol. 22. Another of the same name was D.D. of Cambridge (1536), and Master of University College, Oxford (1546). Boase, p. 120; Wood, Fasti, 123; Cooper, Athen. Cantab. Reg. H. 7, fol. 227 b, I. 8, f. 16 b, 112.

1917 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II.

1918 Cooper, Athen. Cantab. 70, 532; Le Neve, Fasti, III, 308; Hutchinson’s Durham, II, 170; Durham Wills, Vol. I, 194 (Surtees Soc. 1835), ‘Crawfurthe.’ The ten vols. of St. Augustine (ed. 1529) given by him are still in the library of the Dean and Chapter.

[1919] Reg. I. 8, fol. 6 b, 35 b.

1920 Newcourt, Repertorium, I, 629, 632.

1921 Strype, Memorials, II, i. 40; Life of Cranmer, 126, 133.

1922 Le Neve, Fasti, I, 54.

1923 Wood, Fasti, 108; Strype, Mem. II, i. 40; Tanner, Bibl. 327.

1924 Rymer, Foed. XV, 350.

1925 Strype, Mem. III, ii. 120, who gives 1558 as the date. Burnet puts this commission in 1557; Reformation, Vol. III, Part i, p. 502.

1926 Tanner, Bibl. 327: Hugh’s successor at Harlington was instituted on Jan. 17, 1558/9; Newcourt, ut supra.

1927 Reg. I. 8, fol. 37. Henry Strensham was rector of St. George’s, Botolph Lane, London, from 1541-4; Newcourt, Repertorium.

1928 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, p. 62.

1929 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, pp. 2, 62; Cal. of State Papers, Vol. VII, No. 1607. Cf. Gasquet, I, 191-2.

1930 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, p. 62; Newcourt, Repert. I, 624.

1931 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11. One Thomas Cappes was priest of St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street, London, in 1540, and got into trouble for his Protestant tendencies; Strype, Eccles. Memorials, I, p. 566; he is not mentioned in Newcourt’s Repert. I, 453.

1932 Ibid.

1933 Foxe, Acts and Monuments, IV. 557; 8th Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II, p. 17.

1934 Chapter House Books, A ³⁄11, p. 62; 8th Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II, p. 17.

1935 Ibid. ut supra.

1936 Eighth Report of the Deputy Keeper, App. II, p. 14; the deed is not dated.

1937 Boase, p. xi, 222; Reg. I. 8. fol. 138 b, 139, 139 b, 190, 190 b, 192 b.

1938 Except, I think, one mentioned in the Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, but I have mislaid my reference to this.

1939 Wood-Peshall, City of Oxford, p. 355.

1940 MS. Sum̄.

1941 For the grant of this area by the Abbat and Convent of Osney, at the instance of Ela Longespee, Countess of Warwick, see Wood-Clark II, p. 474.

1942 This is a reference to the letter dated May 7, 1262, already mentioned; Pat. 46 Hen. III, m. 11. The word ‘aliam’ is not quite clear; it may be alteram.

1943 The following petition to the King (Parliamentary Petitions, 4299, in the Record Office), probably refers to this grant, or possibly to the grant of Richard Cary (p. 20); the petition is undated. ‘A notre seigneur le Roi si luy plest prient les poures freres Menours de Oxenford qil lour voille graunter la mortificacioun de vne place en Oxenford qe ne vaut qe deux souz per an auxicome retourne est en la chauncellrie et qe est a nuly preiudice.’ Endorsed; ‘Soit veu(?) lenqueste et le Roi en dirra sa volonte.’

1944 The edge of the parchment is worn away here.

1945 Comp^r.

1946 This entry occurs a few lines before the foregoing on the same membrane; it probably refers to the same embassy.

1947 Formerly ‘Placita de juratis et assisis et corone 13 Edw. I, Oxon, M ⁵⁄2} 3, m. 55.’

1948 pc̄.

1949 Sic.

1950 Cf. Twyne MS. xxiii, 252, for an appearance of the Warden before the Mayor’s Court in 1287. ‘Rot. Cur. die Lunae Oxon. proxim. post festum assumptionis B. Mariae a^o regni R. Edw. I. 15^o. Memorandum quod Johannes de Westover et Isolda uxor ejus venerunt ad curiam istam et obtulerunt se clam(antes) versus Gardianum fratrum minorum Oxon. qui venit, et petunt partes licentiam concordandi, et habent.’

1951 He is probably to be identified with ‘Johannes Vallensis Anglus, qui diu Londinii Theologiam docuit,’ who was promoted to the Magisterium in 1368 by order of Pope Urban V, ‘laureante fratre Bernardo de Guasconibus, ministro Tusciae, et Fratre Simone Bruni in Universitate Tolosana;’ Wadding, vol. viii. p. 209. Wadding (viii. p. 533) gives a letter addressed to John Welle, Minorite, S.T.P. and papal chaplain, A. D. 1372.

1952 Mon. Franc. I, 539.

1953 It is clear that J. Prophet was Dean of Hereford when this letter was written; in another letter, referring to the same appointment, he writes: ‘Cum predecessores mei decani et Capitulum herefordenses fundatores in parte domus confratrum vestrorum hereford’ dinoscantur existere.’ Harl. MS. 431, f. 100 b.

1954 Wilkins, Concilia III, 459.

1955 Afterwards Prior of Friars Preachers. London, Q. R. Wardrobe ⁶⁄4 (21 Edw. I).

1956 sp̄c̄. some word like ‘elevans’ or ‘erigens’ is wanted to complete the sense.

1957 Qūō.

1958 (or nec?)

1959 tⁿtínat.’

1960 MS. tenā.

1961 sp̄t̄.

1962 (tamen?)

1963 Robert Kilwardby.

1964 Sic.

1965 This word is added in the margin in a later hand.

1966 p’toris.

1967 MS. ad.

1968 Dicit inserted in a later hand.

1969 MS. oc̄c̄osionē.

1970 or monere.

1971 Vestri inserted in a later hand.

1972 Suum inserted in another hand.

1973 The whole sentence is utterly ungrammatical, but quite intelligible.

1974 Satisfacere inserted in another hand.

1975 de la inserted in another hand.

1976 One letter, prob. c̄ (= cum) is illegible here, owing either to intentional erasure or a flaw in the parchment.

1977 MS. a^a (alia?).

1978 detur inserted in another hand.

1979 n^o (nullo) or u^o (vero) in MS.: or n^c (nec)?

1980 vr^m.

1981 non deberent inserted in another hand.

1982 MS. cum?

1983 transeat inserted in another hand.

1984 Only four mentioned.

1985 Afterwards lector at Paris, and Provincial Prior of England.

1986 se added in margin.