Appendix D — A Record of the “Diamond Anthem.”
20th June, 1897.
From Sons of England Record.
The imaginative description given by Daniel Webster in 1834 of the “Morning drumbeat which, following the sun and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous strain of the martial airs of England” has been for many years the ideal example for estimating the world-spread area of the British Empire. It seemed at the time, and was, a poetic fancy, but since that time the domiciles of the British peoples have been more amply developed and more closely spread so that the world is now encircled not simply with isolated military posts, but by a continuous line of happy British homes.
The time for the celebration of the 60th year of the accession of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, so aptly named, by His Royal Highness Prince of Wales (now Edward VII), the Diamond Jubilee, was approaching and many projects were rife to give expression to the loyalty and affection of Her Majesty’s subjects.
The official day set for the celebration was Tuesday, June 22nd, 1897, a date which was preceded by Sunday, June 20th, the actual anniversary of Her Majesty’s accession.
Mr. Barlow Cumberland was then the President, and Mr. Jno. W. Carter the Secretary, of the Supreme Lodge of the “Sons of England Benevolent Society.” This is an organization which had been initiated in Canada in 1874 for the purpose of joining together colonists who had emigrated from England, or their descendants, for patriotic, benevolent and social purposes; to welcome new-comers and be of fraternal assistance to one another. The Society had flourished and Lodges had been formed in all parts of Canada. A branch organization had been established in the Colonies of South Africa and connections had been opened in Australia. A compact and energetic organization therefore was ready to hand in the larger parts of the Colonial Empire. The members of the Society were actively joining in the arrangements for all the local celebrations for the 22nd, in which they afterwards took fullest share. Mr. Cumberland made the proposal that they should do something more and should in addition, organize a world-wide incident which their far-spread organization would enable them to do, and which would be the further tribute of the Sons of England to their Queen and a testimony of the fidelity which they had carried to their new homes beyond the seas. Besides being President of this, and of other National Societies, Mr. Cumberland had for many years been actively engaged in steamship and railway operations, so was peculiarly qualified for the requirements for completing such an enterprise.
His conception and proposal was the “Diamond Jubilee Anthem,” to be sung around the world, following the sun, on Sunday, June 20th, the actual anniversary day.
His project was that, commencing at the time of the earliest hour in the morning on the 20th at Windsor Castle, where Her Majesty would be in residence, the sons and daughters in the Colonies should encircle their Queen with the never ceasing upraisal of their loyal acclaim and prayer by taking up the singing of the National Anthem in succession at their far distant homes throughout all the hours of that great day of her life. It was to be as though deputation after deputation from the Colonies, each carrying the Union Jack, were presenting themselves minute after minute and singing below the Castle walls.
On the opposite side of the world from the Heart of the Empire at Windsor Castle are the Fiji Islands, the Colony situate nearest to longitude 180°, which is 180°, or 12 hours, from the centre of time at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, and is the dividing line of the days of the world’s time—where day begins and midnight ends. At these Islands, being on the opposite side of the world, it is 4 o’clock in the afternoon at the same moment at which it is 4 o’clock in the morning of the same day in England. The problem was therefore to have the National Anthem commenced in Fiji at the beginning of Her Majesty’s day, and arranging to have it sung thereafter precisely at 4 p.m., as the sun arrived at that moment in succession over each place in the Colonies and passed onward around the world.
A form of service was devised, suitable for any Sunday afternoon service to be held in any church, open air service or assembly hall, in which the National Anthem should be arranged to be sung at the exact moment of 4 o’clock.
A time-table of longitudes, prepared by the Meteorological Department of Canada, showing the meridian or sun time at each place, and full descriptive circulars with forms of service and a time-table showing the hour at Windsor Castle and the corresponding hour at each place, were sent in multitude to friends and correspondents in these Colonies and Dependencies owning allegiance to the Union Jack.
With the co-operation of the Right Rev. the Bishop of Toronto, who was a member of the Order, and the Heads in Canada of all religious bodies, communication was opened up with the Colonial bishops and clergy, and their services were enlisted. Patriotic societies and the secretaries of the Royal Colonial Institute were asked to assist, and letters were also sent to the captains of every British passenger ship which would be at sea on the 20th of June, asking them to sing the Anthem, fire a gun, and note the position of their ship at 4 p.m. on that day.
The brethren of the Society in Newfoundland and Canada took the service up with energy and enthusiasm. The Sons of England in South Africa answered with alacrity, Australia and New Zealand joined in heartily, and thus, by prompt and efficient action, the organization was completed and ready for the eventful day.
Copies of the services and time-table beautifully illuminated, were sent to Her Majesty, by reference to which it could be seen at any hour how far the Anthem had proceeded on its way and in what Colony it was at any moment being sung.
In acknowledging receipt the Colonial Secretary, the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, said to His Excellency Lord Aberdeen: “I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of the 24th April, with its enclosures on the subject of the Continuous Service around the World which is being arranged by the Sons of England in commemoration of the 60th Anniversary of the Queen’s Accession to the Throne. I have to inform you that, in accordance with your request, the matter has been brought before the notice of the Queen, and that Her Majesty was graciously pleased to express her sincere appreciation of the loyal feelings that have prompted this interesting method of Commemoration.”
Two thousand six hundred personal letters were written, 60,000 copies of the service sent out, and after months of work the 20th of June came and the Anthem passed around the world.
Each one knew that they had done their duty, but had others far away done theirs so that the links might be complete?
The idea when first made met with immediate acceptance as a happy conception, but many doubts were expressed as to the possibility of its being actually accomplished, for it seemed to the faint-hearted almost an impossibility to arrange for a connecting line of services, which should take place in succession around the whole circle of the earth for the space of twenty-four hours. Yet the President was able to inform the Grand Lodge that the Jubilee service had been carried out in actual fact and in completest detail.
Of this record it is not possible within the limits of this notice to give more than a sketch.
Reports and letters kept coming in for month after month from the far distant continents in reply to the request, and giving an account of the proceedings. A few extracts only can be given here as samples of many hundreds of similar character which were received from the continuous line now recorded around the world, telling of how the Diamond Jubilee Anthem was sung at each place as shown in the time-table attached.
The service commenced on Sunday afternoon, 20th June, in Levuka, Fiji Islands. Dr. Garner Jones, headmaster of the Levuka Public Schools, writes: “Owing to geographical position—viz., 178° 51’ e. long.—the inhabitants of Levuka, Fiji Islands, enjoyed the unique honour of initiating ‘The Wave of Song’ that hailed the Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty’s Ascension. The service was an open air one, being held in the Government school grounds, Rev. W. Floyd, of the English Church, officiating. The attendance was large and included representatives of various races who claim Her Majesty as their Sovereign. English, Scotch, Irish, Australian and New Zealand Colonials, Chinese, Germans, Swedes, and among them the characteristic bushy hair of the Fijian and other South Sea Islanders was prominent, there found themselves shoulder to shoulder in the antipodes of the British Empire earnestly rolling forth our grand old National Anthem, thus giving the keynote of thanksgiving to the entire world. The Masons and Oddfellows appeared in regalia and the Levuka brass band was in attendance. Surrounding the main body of the assembly were the Levuka school boys, drawn up with their wooden rifles. Punctually at five minutes to 4 o’clock the procession of choristers left their temporary vestry and slowly approached their stand. At 4 o’clock precisely, meridian time, the British Ensign was hoisted, which was the prearranged signal, the band immediately struck up, and every throat commenced ‘God Save the Queen,’ while the public school guard stood at the ‘Present.’ Undoubtedly the occasion was unique, and Levuka never forgot for a moment that her geographical position was unique also, in so far as she enjoyed the proud distinction of being allowed to start the wave of song which in its course would pass over in rotation all the British possessions on the face of the globe.”
At this same moment at which it was 4 p.m. Sunday in the Fiji Islands, and 4 a.m. Sunday at Windsor Castle, where Her Majesty was in residence, the Executive of the Sons of England met at Shaftesbury Hall, Toronto, it being then precisely 10.55 p.m. on Saturday, June 19th, and sang the National Anthem, commenced that same minute in Levuka on Sunday afternoon, and which for the next seventeen and a quarter hours was to be coming steadily nearer with the sun as it passed in succession over each of the loyal gatherings in other lands until it was over Toronto at 4 o’clock (4.18 Standard time) on Sunday afternoon, when the Sons of England and Britons in Toronto again joined in the loyal strain as it passed by them onward toward the West.
Three minutes after Levuka had commenced, Suva, the Fiji capital, took up the strain. Mr. Hamilton Hunter says: “I am glad to report that the Special Jubilee Service was a great success in this Colony. It was not merely confined to the English Church, but was heartily taken up by the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian and Wesleyan Churches. The National Anthem was sung on the stroke of four. I have to thank you for having enabled us to set ‘The Wave of Song’ in motion by your timely warning.”
Seventeen minutes later, or before the services in the Fijis had closed, the Anthem was taken up in Napier, New Zealand. The report says: “The Jubilee services at the cathedral yesterday will be remembered by the Napier people for many a long year, and it is questionable whether a more imposing ecclesiastical spectacle was ever witnessed in New Zealand. The cathedral was crowded to excess, all the friendly societies of Napier being present.” The Dean writes: “As Dean of the easternmost cathedral in the British Empire, the cathedral upon which the rays of the rising sun first fall, I have to report that, in accordance with your wishes, we joined in the great circle of Anthem singing, as arranged for by the Sons of England, at 4 o’clock on the afternoon of Sunday last. The service was a very magnificent and enthusiastic one. I convey my most hearty good wishes to you and to the members of the great organization you represent.”
The wave swept across Australia. At Melbourne, Victoria, B. Cowderoy, Esq., Secretary R.C.I., reports: “Both cathedrals (Anglican and Roman Catholic) were crushingly full. In the Exhibition building several thousands, after addresses by leading Wesleyans, took up the National Anthem at our Standard time. In the Town Hall the Anthem was sung with fervour at 4 p.m. by 4,000 with most impressive effect. I am an octogenarian, but in this matter I am as young as my eight grandsons, and thank you, Mr. Cumberland, for your happy suggestion which has given added interest to all that is being done.” Adelaide, South Australia, reports: “The Bishops of the Diocese entered heartily into the scheme. The Governor and his staff were present. The National Anthem was sung with intense fervour and most thrilling effect.” So it passed through the other cities and over the continent of Australia.
Across the Indian Ocean.—S.S. Empress of India marked the latitude 26° 6’ n.; long. 120° 26’ e.: “Rockets fired and National Anthem sung at 4 p.m. off Alligator Rock.”
It first touched Africa and was hailed by the lodge of the Sons of England at Durban, Natal, and then in continuing line across South Africa, in all the principal cities, and at Cape Town the record was maintained.
On the Atlantic Ocean it was taken up on many British ships at sea, among which a few only may be mentioned. R.M.S. Tantallon Castle, lat. 7° 17’ n.: long. 14° 33’ w., off west coast of Africa: “Guns fired and Anthem sung at 4 p.m.” S.S. Greek, lat. 18° 10’ n.; long. 17° 38’ w.: “Fired rocket and sang National Anthem.” S.S. Numidian: “‘God Save the Queen’ sung precisely at 4 p.m.” Ship’s position, lat. 54° 42’ n.; long. 20° 43’ w. S.S. Catalonia: “At 4 p.m. I had two explosive gun signals fired on my ship in lat. 50° 12’ n.; long. 22° 6’ w. It was blowing a south-west gale with high seas, and it was a great disappointment to me that we could not hold the service I had intended, but all classes of passengers were so seasick.”
By the equivalent time of 7.31 o’clock in the evening at Windsor Castle the Anthem had crossed the Atlantic, and first touched the shores of America at St. John’s, Newfoundland, when it was met by Lodge Dudley S.O.E. assembled, together with the Governor-General and all the friendly societies in the cathedral. “The service was impressive in the extreme.” From here westward through Canada the records of the reports in the time-table appended show how that as the sun crossed the continent the line through the villages, towns and cities of Canada was so complete that the singing of the Anthem in one place had not ceased before it was taken up in the next. Brief extracts from the reports of a few only can be given. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: “The First Methodist Church was crowded to the doors with members of the Orangemen, Good Templars, Oddfellows, Masons and the Mayor and City Officials. At the proper moment the church rang with the grand old strains of the National Anthem.” Halifax, N.S.: “St. Paul’s Church was filled to its utmost. Among those present were Countess Aberdeen, General Montgomery Moore and Admiral Erskine with their staffs. At 4.14 o’clock the Anthem was sung right loyally.” Montreal, Que. “Services were held in four churches and all well attended. At Christ Church Cathedral a large military church parade was held and as in the others the Anthem sung at the appointed time.” Ottawa: “All the local societies joined in a church parade to Christ Church Cathedral. At 4.03 o’clock the Guards Band struck up the National Anthem, which was heartily joined in by all.” Pembroke: “The form of union service was held in the Town Hall, all societies joining. In order to join in the Anthem at the right moment the Mayor cut down his remarks.” Brockville: “Every corner of the church was occupied. As the Town clock struck four the entire congregation rose and sang. An indefinable emotion passed over the people as they joined in the continuous hymn of loyalty as it circled with the sun around the world. Surely in the history of the world no monarch ever received such a glorious tribute of hearty affection and respect from her subjects.” Orillia: “As the familiar words were sung with lusty fervour by nearly a thousand voices, until the volume almost raised the roof, the sun passed the hour of four. In imagination the congregation could hear the strains as they rolled up from the east and died away into the west.” At Toronto: “3,000 people were packed into the cathedral. After completion of the prayers there remained four minutes before it was our turn to take our place in the circle of song. By direction of His Lordship the Bishop the congregation knelt in silent prayer for Her Majesty and the welfare of the Empire. An immense throng of 6,000 to 7,000 people filled the churchyard and the adjacent streets outside, and a regimental band had been stationed outside on the cathedral steps to lead their singing. At the first stroke of the cathedral bell, which had been arranged to strike at 4.18 p.m., being the real meridian time for 4 p.m. at Toronto, the congregation rose to their feet and at the second joined with those outside in uplifting with heart and voice their loyal prayer, ‘God save our gracious Queen.’ Those were moments of a life-time while we waited in silence for the coming of the Anthem.” Hamilton: “The biggest hall in Hamilton is the Armory, but it wasn’t big enough to hold every one who wished to take part, although 5,000 did manage to pack inside. Precisely at 4.20 o’clock the opening strains of ‘God save the Queen’ came from the band and the immense gathering rose and sang the Anthem with a vigour and earnestness never before heard. It was a time for everyone’s heart to swell with pride that he or she was a Britisher, although thousands of miles distant from the Mother Land.” Collingwood: “When at 4.21 the united choir and congregation joined in singing the National Anthem every heart responded to the noble thought that a link was being formed in the chain of prayer for the Queen that passed round the world that day from sunrise to sunset.” Owen Sound: “It was a happy thought that suggested the gathering of the Fraternal Societies in the Queen’s Park. Every face in the great throng beamed with pleasure as the grand chorus swelled upon the air from many throats.” London: “The service was a memorable one, in every feature it was remarkable. The singing of the National Anthem which took place exactly at the appointed hour, 4.26 p.m., will not readily be forgotten by those present.” Winnipeg, Man.: “The Sunday service surpassed anything ever known here before.” Chilliwack, B.C.: “The great company joined enthusiastically in singing the National Anthem, which took place at 4 o’clock, astronomical time.”
The utmost enthusiasm was everywhere displayed, the churches were crowded, and the details of the service faithfully carried out, immense interest being taken in singing the anthem exactly at the correct moment.
Thus actually minute after minute the Anthem strain followed the hours across this continent to the shores of the Pacific at Victoria, British Columbia, where an open-air service was held in the Public Park at the equivalent of 12.13 midnight at Windsor Castle. “Among those present at Beacon Hill Park were the Lieutenant-Governor, the Mayor, the Admiral and crews of the ships in harbour. At 4 o’clock the bugles rang out, the royal standard was run up to the masthead, and the National Anthem was sung with full force by an assemblage of 12,000 people.”
From here, leaving the land, the Anthem wafted its way back to the place of beginning, being joined as it passed by the R.M.S. Aorangi, in lat. 32° 25’ n., long. 147° 49’ w., and by the R.M.S. Empress of China, lat. 41° 16’ n., long. 152° 30’ w. until at length it came to the little island which is as far on one side of long. 180°, the central degree of longitude, as Levuka, from where it had started, is on the other. Here the West met the East. As it is so typical, and as the closing report, it may be well to give in full the letter received from the lighthouse keeper on the island:
“Wailangilala Lighthouse, Fiji, “17° South, 179° 6’ West Long., “26th September, 1897.
“To Barlow Cumberland, Esq., Toronto.
“My Dear Sir,—As you expressed a wish in your circular to hear how the anniversary of the day on which Her Majesty began her happy reign was observed in each locality, and also on board passenger ships at sea, I hope you will be pleased to hear that all your instructions were carried out here, as fully as circumstances permitted, my situation here being unique. As this is the connecting link between the western and eastern hemispheres it may happen that you will find by overlooking the places where the ceremony was observed, that my endeavours were successful in commencing or finishing the general celebration of the world. Being only 54 minutes west of the meridian, all ships passing either way ought to change the name of the day on their reckoning while within sight of this island. I obtained the correct astronomical time from the captain and officers of the steamer that calls here every three months. A doubt being expressed about the proper day, and as a good action could not be performed too often, I observed both the 20th and 21st June in the same way. I also had a bonfire lit on both nights, so that ships passing either eastward or westward could see that the anniversary was being kept to suit either contingency. I would have written you earlier but there has been no means of communication between this island since the 16th of June last until to-day.
“Alfred French, Lighthouse-keeper.”
Here the circle of the world was completed and the Anthem had come back to the place of beginning.
Thus were the fellow-colonists, hand in hand and voice to voice, linked in one continuous line around the world, and the historic but ideal “drumbeat” of the “Martial Airs of England” changed into the absolute fact of the “Diamond Anthem” with which they encircled the earth and accompanied the hours throughout the Diamond Jubilee Accession Day of their beloved Queen.
One of the great records of Her Majesty’s reign was the marvellous increase of her colonial kingdom. It was largely through her own personal influence that during those sixty years it had been extended and cared for. Gladly has this tribute of affection been given by her grateful colonists to their Queen by thus joining “Hands all Round” in their rejoicings, in a way which was impossible at the beginning of her reign, but which, by her broad-minded advance, she had herself made practicable, and which therefore marks a record of her great life-work.
Thus was completed in every particular the Diamond Anthem of the Sons of England. A “Service” which was so universally and ardently adopted, is absolutely unique in history, and one which is capable of being carried out only by our British Nation, upon whose Sovereign’s Dominions the sun never sets.
A diamond star was added to Mr. Cumberland’s Past President’s Jewel as a token of appreciation, and every commendation must be given to the officers of the Lodges and kindred associations, to the clergy and municipal, and to the naval and military authorities who so earnestly co-operated in carrying out the celebrations which will long last in the thoughts of those who had the happiness of sharing in them. It was a memorable event.
Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Victoria
SUNDAY, JUNE 20th, 1897.
1. Members of Societies will meet at their lodge rooms, or some convenient place, and, clad in their regalia, march in procession, carrying the Union Jack at their head, to the church selected.
2. Where there are two or more lodges in the locality they will attend one combined service, which shall be held in a church or place selected by the joint committee.
3. The President shall, on arrival, deliver the Union Jack to the minister, to be draped upon the pulpit or upon the reading desk.
4. The service shall commence at 3.30 p.m.
5. The opening hymn shall be the “Old Hundredth”—“All people that on earth do dwell.”
6. At 4 p.m. precisely, according to astronomical time, being the time at which the sun passes over each locality, the congregation will stand and sing the three verses of the National Anthem, “God Save the Queen,” to be immediately followed by (1) The collect of thanksgiving for Her Majesty’s accession to the throne; (2) The prayer for the Queen and Royal Family, as formerly used in the thanksgiving service on 20th June.
7. The rest of the service to be a usual Sunday afternoon service, but with an interval to permit of the National Anthem being sung as above, at the proper time, according to the time-table herewith.
8. The collection shall be given, as has been desired by Her Majesty, to some charitable purpose.
9. The closing hymn shall be, “The day thou gavest, Lord, is ended.” No. 477, A. & M.
10. The lodges will invite the colonial and municipal authorities and all sister societies to attend the service.
By request, Barlow Cumberland, President Sons of England in Canada.
TIME-TABLE COMPILED FROM THE REPORTS RECEIVED
OF THE
DIAMOND JUBILEE SERVICES
WHICH WERE HELD AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES IN SUCCESSION
AT 4 P.M. ON SUNDAY, JUNE 20, 1897.
The National Anthem was sung at 4 p.m., local time, or, in Australia and Canada, where “Standard Time” is used, at the equivalent local minute as shown, being the time at which the sun passed over each place at 4 p.m., “Sun Time.”
The day commenced at Longitude 180°. The second column gives the equivalent time at Windsor Castle throughout the twenty-four hours.
| PLACE. | Local Time. | Time atWindsor Castle. |
| p.m.20th. | a.m.20th. | |
| FIJI ISLANDS: | ||
| Levuka (Long. 178° 56’ E.) | 4.00 | 4.05 |
| Suva | 4.00 | 4.08 |
| NEW ZEALAND: | ||
| Napier | 4.00 | 4.20 |
| Auckland | 4.00 | 4.21 |
| AUSTRALIA: | ||
| Brisbane | 3.50 | 5.50 |
| Sydney | 3.55 | 5.55 |
| Hobart | 4.11 | 6.11 |
| Melbourne | 4.20 | 6.20 |
| Adelaide | 3.46 | 6.46 |
| Perth | 4.16 | 8.16 |
| Empress of India | Longitude120° 26’ E. | 7.58 |
| p.m. | p.m. | |
| SOUTH AFRICA: | ||
| Durban (Port Natal) | 4.00 | 1.56 |
| Addington | 4.00 | 1.57 |
| East London | 4.00 | 2.08 |
| King William’s Town | 4.00 | 2.11 |
| Graham’s Town | 4.00 | 2.14 |
| Port Elizabeth | 4.00 | 2.18 |
| Cape Town | 4.00 | 2.46 |
| ATLANTIC OCEAN: | ||
| Ships at Sea— | Longitude | |
| Teutonic | 9° 27’ W. | 4.37 |
| State of Nebraska | 11° 18’ W. | 4.45 |
| Tantallon Castle | 14° 33’ W. | 4.58 |
| Greek | 17° 38’ W. | 5.11 |
| Greek | 20° W. | 5.20 |
| Numidian | 20° 43’ W. | 5.23 |
| Pavonia | 21° 30’ W. | 5.26 |
| Catalonia | 22° 6’ W. | 5.28 |
| Mohawk | 22° 40’ W. | 5.31 |
| Magdalena | 27° 22’ W. | 5.49 |
| St. Paul (U.S.M.) | 33° 12’ W. | 6.13 |
| Konigen Luise | 49° 13’ W. | 7.12 |
| Berlin (U.S.M.) | 65° 32’ W. | 8.22 |
| p.m. | ||
| NEWFOUNDLAND: | ||
| St. John’s | 4.00 | 7.31 |
| CANADA: | ||
| Cape Breton— | ||
| Sydney | 4.01 | 8.01 |
| Prince Edward Island— | ||
| Charlotte town | 4.12 | 8.12 |
| Nova Scotia— | ||
| New Glasgow | 4.10 | 8.10 |
| Truro | 4.13 | 8.13 |
| Halifax | 4.14 | 8.14 |
| Springhill | 4.17 | 8.17 |
| Stellarton | 4.17 | 8.17 |
| Windsor | 4.17 | 8.17 |
| Digby | 4.23 | 8.23 |
| Yarmouth | 4.24 | 8.24 |
| New Brunswick— | ||
| Moncton | 3.20 | 8.20 |
| St. John | 3.24 | 8.24 |
| Fredericton | 3.27 | 8.27 |
| Woodstock | 3.30 | 8.30 |
| Quebec— | ||
| Sherbrooke | 3.48 | 8.48 |
| Lennoxville | 3.48 | 8.48 |
| Richmond | 3.49 | 8.49 |
| Quebec | 3.50 | 8.56 |
| St. Lambert’s | 3.54 | 8.54 |
| St. Lambert’s | 3.54 | 8.54 |
| Ontario— | ||
| Cornwall | 3.59 | 8.59 |
| Ottawa | 4.03 | 9.03 |
| Brockville | 4.03 | 9.03 |
| Carleton Place | 4.04 | 9.04 |
| Smith’s Falls | 4.04 | 9.04 |
| Almonte | 4.05 | 9.05 |
| Arnprior | 4.05 | 9.05 |
| Kingston | 4.07 | 9.07 |
| Pembroke | 4.08 | 9.08 |
| Deseronto | 4.09 | 9.09 |
| Belleville | 4.09 | 9.09 |
| Belleville | 4.10 | 9.10 |
| Campbellford | 4.11 | 9.11 |
| Peterborough | 4.11 | 9.11 |
| Port Hope | 4.13 | 9.13 |
| Bowmanville | 4.14 | 9.14 |
| Burke’s Falls | 4.15 | 9.15 |
| Lindsay | 4.15 | 9.15 |
| Oshawa | 4.15 | 9.15 |
| Cannington | 4.16 | 9.16 |
| Whitby | 4.16 | 9.16 |
| Huntsville | 4.17 | 9.17 |
| Bracebridge | 4.17 | 9.17 |
| Orillia | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| Aurora | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| Toronto | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| St. Catharines | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| Welland | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| Niagara Falls | 4.18 | 9.18 |
| Barrie and Allandale | 4.19 | 9.19 |
| Grimsby | 4.19 | 9.19 |
| Hamilton | 4.20 | 9.20 |
| Orangeville | 4.20 | 9.20 |
| Collingwood | 4.21 | 9.21 |
| Guelph | 4.21 | 9.21 |
| Galt | 4.21 | 9.21 |
| Brantford | 4.21 | 9.21 |
| Simcoe | 4.21 | 9.21 |
| Paris | 4.23 | 9.23 |
| Woodstock | 4.23 | 9.23 |
| Sudbury | 4.24 | 9.24 |
| Stratford | 4.24 | 9.24 |
| Ingersoll | 4.24 | 9.24 |
| Owen Sound | 4.24 | 9.24 |
| St. Thomas | 4.25 | 9.25 |
| London | 4.26 | 9.26 |
| Goderich | 4.27 | 9.27 |
| Petrolea | 4.28 | 9.28 |
| Chatham | 4.29 | 9.29 |
| Sarnia | 4.30 | 9.30 |
| Windsor | 4.32 | 9.32 |
| Port Arthur | 3.57 | 9.57 |
| Fort William | 3.57 | 9.57 |
| Fort William | 4.18 | 10.18 |
| Manitoba and Northwest Territories— | ||
| Winnipeg | 4.28 | 10.28 |
| Carman | 4.28 | 10.28 |
| Brandon | 3.40 | 10.40 |
| Russell | 3.45 | 10.45 |
| Regina | 3.58 | 10.58 |
| Medicine Hat | 4.22 | 11.32 |
| Calgary | 4.36 | 11.36 |
| British Columbia— | ||
| Donald | 3.40 | 11.49 |
| Revelstoke | 3.53 | 11.53 |
| Chilliwack | 3.58 | 11.58 |
| British Columbia— | ||
| a.m.21st. | ||
| Vancouver | 4.12 | 12.12 |
| Victoria | 4.13 | 12.13 |
| PACIFIC OCEAN: | ||
| Ships at Sea— | Longitude | |
| Aorangi | 147° 49´ W. | 1.51 |
| Empress of China | 152° 39´ W. | 2.11 |
| WAILANGILALA ISLAND | 179° 6´ W. | 3.56 |
Footnotes
1 Lord Dufferin, Toronto Club, 1874.
2 Bulwer Lytton.
3 Sumner.
4 The colours carried by the Royal French regiments are described by Capt. Knox to have been: “A white silk flag with three fleur-de-lis within a wreath or circlet in the centre part of gold.” (“The Fall of New France”—Hart.)
5 Thiers: “History of the French Revolution,” Vol. I., p. 74.
6 Decree of Feb. 15, 1794.
7 Defence of Quebec, 1775.
8 Benjamin Suite: “Le Drapeau Tri-colore en Canada.”
9 Preble: “History of the Flag of the United States,” p. 85.
10 The Annual Register, 1843, Vol. 85.
11 Bird: “Six Months among the Sandwich Islands,” 1875.
12 Harleian MSS.
13 Fabyan, 1415.
14 Machyn’s Diary.
15 Bloomfleld: “The National Flag.”
16 Harleian MSS.
17 Gordon: “Saint George, Champion of Christendom.”
18 Spenser: “Faerie Queene.”
19 Ludovicus Patricius: “Book of Travels.”
20 Jameson: “Sacred and Legendary Art.”
21 Butler: “Lives of the Fathers and Martyrs.”
22 Bloomfield: “The National Flag.”
23 Spenser: “Faerie Queene.”
24 Orton: “Saint George.”
25 A special permission has been granted to the yachts of the “Royal Yacht Squadron,” of England, to use the white ensign. A penalty of £500 may by law be imposed for hoisting on any ship or boat belonging to any of His Majesty’s subjects any flag not permitted in accordance with the Admiralty’s Regulations. (See Art. 86, “Admiralty Instructions.”)
26 Campbell.
27 Campbell.
28 “Sax. Chron.”
29 “Canciam,” IV.
30 Southey: “British Admirals.”
31 Sir Harris Nicholas.
32 Rymer.
33 Aubrey: “Gold Noble, Ed. III.”
34 Preble: “Flag of the United States.”
35 Monson.
36 Tennyson: “The Revenge.”
37 Sir Harris Nicholas: “History of the Order of the Thistle.”
38 Perry: “Rank and Badges.”
39 In 1707, when, at the time of the completed union under Queen Anne, the whole navy of the Scots was transferred to the navy of Great Britain, it consisted of only “three small ships.”
40 Pinkerton: “History of Scotland.”
41 Sir William Monson.
42 Hulme: “Flags of the World.”
43 Phineas Pett: “Journal,” 1696.
44 Hallam.
45 W. Laird Clowes: “History of the English Navy.”
46 Langton: “Heraldry of the Sea.”
47 The United States national ensign has at the different dates been composed as follows:
1776—The Union Jack of Queen Anne and thirteen stripes.
1777—Thirteen stars and thirteen stripes.
1794—Fifteen stars and fifteen stripes.
1818—Fifteen stars and thirteen stripes. Thereafter an additional star was added as each new State was created out of the western territories, the stripes for the original thirteen colonies remaining the same.
1896—Forty-five stars and thirteen stripes.
1909—Forty-six stars and thirteen stripes.
48 Monson’s “Naval Tracts.”
49 Richelieu.
50 Monson.
51 Bloomfield: “The National Flag.”
52 Hannay: “Short History of the Royal Navy.”
53 These masthead pennants, with the St. George cross at the head, are worn on all His Majesty’s ships in commission. They vary in length from 9 to 60 feet, and in width 2½ inches to 4 inches, and are worn as a sign of command both night and day.
54 Regulations and instructions relating to His Majesty’s Service at sea, 1790.
55 Treaty of Breda, 1667.
56 Mahan.
57 Treaty of Westminster, Charles II. and Holland, 1674.
58 R. L. Stevenson: “Letters from Samoa.”
59 Minute of Council, 17 March, 1707.
60 Minute of the Privy Council, 17 April, 1707.
61 Minute of the Privy Council, 17 April, 1707.
62 Proclamation, p. 75.
63 Proclamation, p. 123.
64 Instructions, p. 119.
65 The artist would appear to have altered the flag shown on the flagstaff in a sketch which he had made the previous year. The sketch was made in 1758, and the Fort taken in 1759. A “colonial escutcheon” will be noted in the centre Union.
66 Kirby: “Spina Christi.”
67 The nuns of the convents of Quebec sewed together blankets to make trousers for the 78th Fraser Highlanders, who otherwise would have had no protection against the snows during the first winter of their occupation of the citadel of Quebec. The soldiers of this regiment were given grants of land, and settled on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, below Quebec, where they intermarried with the French Canadians. It is a striking instance of the amalgamating influence of the habitant that the descendants of the Frasers are now Frasiers, and speak French as their native tongue.
68 The Treaty of Paris was concluded at Paris, 10th February, 1763, by George III. of Great Britain, Louis XV. of France, Charles III. of Spain, and Joseph of Portugal. France ceded to Britain all countries east of the Mississippi except the town of New Orleans; and Spain, in consideration of the return to her of Havana and the Island of Cuba—which had been captured during the war by the English—ceded Florida with the Bay of Pensacola and all her territories in North America to the east or south-east of the Mississippi.
69 Royal Proclamation under Treaty of Paris, 1763.
70 Quebec Act, 1774, Section 11.
71 Goldwin Smith: “The United States’ Political History.”
72 “United Empire Loyalists,” so called because they preferred to remain united with the parent Empire rather than become citizens of another State.
73 Jakeway: “The Lion and the Lilies.”
74 Kinglake: “Invasion of the Crimea.”
75 Smith: “Religion of Ancient Britain.”
76 “The Book of Public Arms.”
77 Hulme: “Flags of the World.”
78 King: “National Arms.”
79 “Hadyn’s Index.”
80 “Ulster Journal of Archæology,” Vol. I., September, 1894.
81 Afterwards Governor of Virginia in 1618.
82 Macdonald: “Charters Illustrative of American History, 1606-1775.”
83 Winthrop’s Journal, November 5, 1634, Vol. I., p. 175.
84 Winthrop’s Journal, March, 1635.
85 Winthrop’s Journal, December, 1635.
86 Winthrop’s Journal, March, 1636.
87 Massachusetts Records, Vol. I. Order of General Court at Boston, May 7, 1651.
88 Journal of Voyage to the New Netherlands, 1679-80, translated from the original manuscript, Long Island Historical Society, 1867.
89 Treaty of Whitehall, November, 1686.
90 British State papers, New England. Vol. 12.
91 Sewall Papers, Massachusetts Historical Collections, Fifth Series, Vol. V.
92 Massachusetts, Virginia, Maryland, the two Jerseys, New York, Connecticut, and Plymouth and Rhode Island.
93 Sir Wm. Phips: “Account of Expedition against Quebec.” Colonial Entry Books. London.
94 Acadie was restored to the French by the Treaty of Ryswick, 25th September, 1697.
95 It was afterwards placed, with much ceremony, in the Cathedral.
96 Ernest Myrand: “Phips devant Quebec,” p. 341.
97 P. Schenk, Amsterdam, 1711. See p. 227.
98 New York Colonial manuscripts, Vol. V., p. 137.
99 Practically our present Nova Scotia.
100 Bourinot: “Island of Cape Breton.”
101 Graham’s Journal, published by the Society of the Colonial Wars, in New York.
102 When, in the Spanish-American war of 1899, the forces of the United States placed the American ensign, containing the thirteen stripes of the old colonies, above the flag of Spain, in Cuba, Great Britain stood by the descendants of her men of 1762 and kept the field clear from interference by other nations.
103 Letter to Lord Barrington, Secretary of War, April 12, 1775.
104 Address of the General Congress of the Colonies in America to the King, September 1, 1775.
105 New England Chronicle, July 6, 1775.
106 “Washington Letters,” Vol. I., p. 84.
107 Lossing.
108 General Schuyler Hamilton: “Addresses on the Flag,” p. 18.
109 Preble: “The Flag of the United States.”
110 Benjamin Franklin’s only son bitterly resented his father’s abandonment of peaceful and constitutional methods, and himself left the country in 1782, and died a U. E. Loyalist in 1813.
111 Carried in Congress only by the casting vote of the chairman.
112 Franklin, Adams and Washington.
113 Preble: “Ross episode.”
114 Also spelled “Wessingtons.”
115 “Magazine of American History,” Vol. XIX., p. 151.
116 Edward VI., Mary, Elizabeth.
117 George I., George II., George III.
118 Benjamin Sulte: “The Origin of the French Canadians.”
119 First used at Gisors, in Normandy, in 1198.
120 The custom is still continued. The consent of Queen Victoria to Acts passed by Parliament was given in Norman French, “La Reyne le veult.”
121 W. H. Drummond: “The Habitant.”
122 Guizot: “Essais sur l’Histoire de France.”
123 Gibbon.
124 The design of this Bank of Upper Canada penny was made by F. W. Cumberland, the father of the writer.
125 Memorandum of the Admiralty.
126 “Genealogical Magazine,” 1899.
127 Proclamation, Charles I., 1634, p. 83.
128 Proclamation, Charles II., 1663, p. 90.
129 Gentleman’s Magazine, January. 1801.
130 Naval and Military Magazine, 1827, p. 182.
131 Naval and Military Magazine, 1827.
132 Times, September 17, 1903.
133 Admiralty Memorandum relative to the Union Jack, 1907.
134 McGeorge: “Flags.”
135 In 1781 England lost Tobago, St. Eustachius, Demerara, Essequibo, St. Christopher, Nevis, and Montserrat.
136 Kirby: “Canadian Idylls.”
137 Nelson, in order to have the British ships easily recognized by one another in the action, had ordered that instead of wearing (in accordance with regulations) the flags of their respective red, white or blue squadrons, all the ships should wear the same flag (the white ensign) as himself.
138 “Captain Langtin caused his men of the Beauharnois militia to kneel, went through a short prayer with them, and then, rising, said: ‘Now that they had fulfilled their duty to their God, they would fulfil that to their King.’”—Lighthall: “The Battle of Chateauguay.”
139 A Union Jack given him by Her Majesty Queen Alexandra.
140 Caravelle Francaise tirée des “Ouvres Pilote du Havre,” MSS. du XVI. Siecle.
141 Archives Rooms, Massachusetts. Vol. 62, Fol. 449-490. Boston.
142 New York Colonial Society Manuscripts, New York.
143 In Emmet Collection, Lennox Library, New York.
144 In Collection of Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal.
145 Avery: “History of the United States,” Burrows Bros.: Cleveland, Ohio.
146 Now in the Museum at Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A.
147 The British Orders in Council respecting the “right of search,” to which the United States made objection, and had been given as their reason for war, had been repealed in England the day before war was declared.
148 An ancestor of Lord Roberts of Kandahar and Pretoria.
149 Kernighan (“The Khan”): “The Men of the Northern Zone.”
150 Out of a part of these the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905.
151 See Appendix C—“Canadian War Medals.”
152 Henry Ward Beecher.
153 Extract from Dictionary of Statistics, p. 541, “Abolition of Slavery.”
154 In 1780 there were 1,191,000 slaves in the United States, and as late as 1860 more than 4,000,000.
155 25th May, 1787, at Philadelphia.
156 Emancipation was effected in New Jersey in 1804; New York, 1827.
157 Article I., Section 2, Constitution of United States, 1787.
158 Article IV., Section 2, Constitution of United States, 1787.
159 James Madison, subsequently twice President of the United States, 1809 and 1813.
160 Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, January 31st, 1865.
161 There were a few isolated instances of slaves who continued for a short time in the possession of their previous owners, but after this date any slave who came to the country, and every child born of coloured parents, was free.
162 Speaking in the Exposition Hall, at the great Columbian Exhibition, Chicago, on August 25th, 1893, Douglas said of his people: “To-day we number 8,000,000 (coloured) people in the United States. To-day a desperate effort is being made to blacken the character of the negro and to brand him as a moral monster. In fourteen States of this Union wild mobs have taken the place of the law. They hang, shoot and burn men of my race without law and without right.”
163 1896.
164 In the United States the members of the Senate are elected by the Legislatures of the States, one for each State, and sit for six years. The members of the House of Representatives are elected by popular vote of the electors, the number for each State being determined by its proportional population, and each sits for a fixed term of two years.
165 No Bill for the expenditure of any money or for a change in taxation can be introduced except by a member of the Cabinet.
166 The life of a Parliament in Canada is limited to five years, and, unless it has been dissolved in the interval, must return for re-election at the end of that term. An entire new parliament can be re-elected any time in about six weeks.
167 Rudyard Kipling.
168 Appendix A.—“The Maple Leaf Emblem.”
169 Legal documents issued under legislation in Canada are issued in the name of the “King,” as representing the whole people, as in the United States the expression is in the name of “The people of the United States.”
170 Confederation Act, South Africa, 1909.
171 Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa.
172 Order in Council, 7th August, 1869.
173 Admiral Eardley Wilmot: “Our Flags.”
174 Dibdin, 1755.
175 Lord Knollys, 4th June, 1902. Appendix B.
176 Lord Knollys, 29th December, 1907. Appendix B.
177 Letter Under-Secretary of State, Home Office, Whitehall, June 19, 1908.
178 Initiated by Mrs. Clementina Fessenden, of Hamilton, Canada, in 1898.
179 Hakluyt.
180 Hannay: “Short History of the British Navy.”
181 Extract from Pepys’ Diary.
182 He was at the time a vice-admiral of the white and the senior officer present.
183 Order in Council, October 18th, 1865.
184 In the present day, when ironclads have not more than two, and often only one mast, vice-admirals wear the St. George with one red ball in the upper corner, and rear-admirals with two red balls, to indicate their respective rank.
185 The Merchant Shipping (Colours) Act, 1889.
186 Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 62, p. 449.
187 Colonial Defences Act, 28 Victoria, Cap. 14.
188 Warrant of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
189 Pennants having this blue fly were worn by the English navy almost two hundred years previously, as shown in a picture, painted by Vandervelt, of the action off the coast of Holland on August 11, 1673, between the English, French and Dutch, now the property of His Majesty the King.
190 Merchant Shipping (Colours) Act, 1889.
191 The order is British (Home Kingdom), United States, German, French, Canadian.
192 Admiralty Warrant, February 2, 1892.
193 The arms of the four provinces which first united are the only ones which, up to 1909, have been officially authorized to be inserted, although the arms of the whole nine provinces, now comprising the Dominion, are often to be seen. A simple maple leaf on a white escutcheon would be infinitely preferable, for which see Appendix A and fig. 69.
194 Admiralty Order, 11th September, 1902.
195 Admiralty Warrant, 3rd October, 1908. Colonial Office despatch, 27th October, 1908.
196 Speech, May 7, 1834.
197 Appendix D.—The “Diamond Jubilee Anthem” of 1897.
198 Hon. G. B. Foster, Minister of Finance of Canada, in a speech in the House of Commons, Ottawa.
199 His Majesty King Edward VII. caused himself to be so proclaimed at his coronation, when he added this recognition of the Britains over the seas to his title, being the first of our kings to so include them.
200 First edition, 1897.