Part IV — Political, Ecclesiastical, Religious, & Educational
Chapter I Political History
We have already recorded the chief political events of the last century, and we shall now proceed to connect it with the present period by a brief review of political meetings and elections. An account of all the contested elections, in full detail, would be highly interesting if it could be written, but unfortunately the local records are very imperfect and unreliable. The public journals have been, of course, biassed by party considerations, and from them it is impossible to derive an impartial account.
The English parliament has now attained the patriarchal age of 600 years. The latest researches confirm the conclusions of the earlier historians, that the year 1265 is the date of the first regal summons convoking the great council of the nation, at least in its complete form, on a muster of lords, spiritual and temporal, knights of the shire, and representatives of cities and boroughs; and throughout the whole sexcentenary period which has elapsed, the estates of the realm have been convened at frequent intervals to advise the sovereign on national affairs. Parliament gradually effected great advances in the cause of liberty; for, at the time of granting taxes and aids, they generally coupled such concessions with important provisions for the good of their fellow-citizens and the community at large.
Henry IV. directed a writ to the bailiffs by which four citizens of Norwich were ordered to be returned to Parliament; but, the attendance of members being then paid for by their constituents, the expense was an object, and they therefore made interest to get the members reduced to two only. Under the old charters of the city the freemen were entitled to vote for members of parliament and members of the corporation; and householders were not included in the list of voters till the Reform Act of 1832. The old freemen, therefore, formed the greater part of the constituency, and in the course of time became a very corrupt body here, as well as in all other corporate towns. By the act of 1729, it was provided “that at every election for burgesses in parliament, every one that votes must swear that he hath been admitted to his freedom twelve calendar months before that election, and that he hath not been polled at that election before, or in case of an election of two members, but for one person.” The Reform Act of 1832, however, extended the franchise to £10 householders in towns, and gave them a preponderating power in parliament.
For many centuries the House of Commons represented only the landed interest, and nearly all laws were in favour of the land-owners, who, under pretence of protecting native industry, enacted laws to prevent or to limit the importation of foreign corn. The great land-owners in the House of Lords had their nominees, too, in the House of Commons, and ruled the entire country.
The first Revolution in France produced a wonderful effect on the political and religious worlds. In the year 1790 commenced those great and important events in France, which laid the foundation of the long war that afterwards raged between that unfortunate empire and this country, and which almost ruined Norwich. Party spirit here began to rage with increased violence. The Tories were vehemently against the Revolution, and the Whigs were equally earnest in its favour. It is well known, indeed, that the unparalleled convulsions on the continent extended their influence to England and Scotland, and raised a storm, although not so disastrous, yet scarcely less permanent. The jealousies of government had been excited to an unreasonable height, and the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act furnished the ministers with an opportunity of gratifying all their revenge on political opponents. England, in short, by the base, suspicious, and mean conduct of her rulers, became for a short time the land of persecution and oppression. Many of the most respectable men were imprisoned on frivolous charges, while others were accused of high treason; and though acquitted by juries, yet imprisonment injured their health, distressed their families, and exhausted their property. These disgraceful transactions continued for some time, and roused a strong feeling of indignation against the government of the day.
Mr. Mark Wilks, a Baptist preacher in this city, of whose history we have already given some extensive details (see p. 482), made himself very prominent as an advocate of the Revolution, and of radical principles. On July 14th, 1791, he preached two political discourses, before crowded congregations, in defence of the Revolution in France, and these discourses had a marked effect in the city; and he became a very active political partizan, both in the city and county. He took a great interest in Hardy and his associates, who had become involved in debt by the great expenses of their trial. He instituted a subscription in all parts of the kingdom to assist the sufferers; and on April 19th, 1795, he preached two sermons in Norwich, in which he exposed with great severity the injustice of the measures adopted against them, and vindicated their characters and conduct. The collections, after the sermons, amounted to a large sum. In one of his sermons, he said:—
“In favour of Mr. Windham’s acquitted felons, (Thomas Hardy, John Horne Tooke, Bonney, Kidd, Joyce, Holcroft, Richton, and Baxter, and all their supposed associates in guilt), we may adduce their peaceable and orderly demeanour in all their public and private transactions. By whatever names men are called, whether loyalists or republicans, whether Reevites or Jacobins, I will venture to say that friends of anarchy are foes of society, and ought to be considered as wolves scattering the shepherd’s flock, and dealt with accordingly. But have we seen one atom of licentious wantonness, one spark of civil discord in these friends of reform? No! the peaceable and orderly deportment of these societies has been sufficient to convince every unprejudiced mind how much they have acted under the influence of that wisdom which cometh from above, which is in its nature peaceable, and productive of good fruits.
“The Jacobins in this city—and except at Paris there can have been none greater—have given repeated demonstrations of their love of peace. At a time when the starving poor felt an iniquitous disposition to riot; when the friends of freedom were represented as having formed a design of regulating markets, dividing farms, and equalising property; and when the imbecile farmer credulously imbibed the representation, the affiliated societies in this city published this resolve, ‘That if any member should break the peace by the violation of existing laws, he should not only be excluded, but delivered up into the hands of justice.’ No exclusion, however, has taken place in consequence of this resolution; and the reason has been obvious—there has been no offence. The traitorous conspirators (so called) in this city can call upon the Right Hon. W. Windham to bear testimony to their love of peace. The opposition he experienced last July, he very well knows arose from no personal disrespect, nor from any view of incompetency on his part in point of talents, but from a love of peace and an inveterate hatred of this accursed war. Mr. Windham very well knows, that when he appeared in the character of a true patriot, when it was his creed that ‘The influence of the crown had increased, was increasing, and ought to be diminished;’ when he avowedly acted as a spy on the executive government; when he was found to be the vigilant guardian of the life, liberty, and property of his constituents; when no horrid imprecation from his all-erring lips had blasted our commercial interests; when he had not learned to calumniate his constituents and to impute the blackest crimes to the friends of his country; when he had not apostatized from the sacred path marked out by a Hampden’s and a Sydney’s blood; when he had not frowned on freedom and preached the doctrine of extermination, he was respected—yes, loved; at least by one, who has offended his best friends, sacrificed his interest, and endangered his life to procure his present elevation. Mr. Windham knows that he was never despised by the Whig interest in the city, till he appeared in the character of a war minister, and the enthusiastic abettor of the most disgraceful and perilous measures ever pursued by weak and wicked men. Perhaps Mr. Windham may boast that his friends in Norwich are not diminished, that he found as many last July as he was wont to find. True, but where did he find them? Where public money had paved his way! At the Back of the Inns, among flannel-waistcoat manufacturers, in the precincts of the Cathedral, and in many places and connexions where, on former occasions, he would have been ashamed to have sought them. Here are those who by the possession of places, contracts, promises, expectations, and anticipations, are influenced to vote for all the measures of government, right or wrong; and those who, connected with the above description, are pleased with their prosperity and rejoice to see them fatten, though on the public spoil.
“Those, too, are to be met with here, who under the influence of superstition and prejudice tremble for the safety of Church and King. Nor are we without those brainless Gallios, by whom men and measures are never weighed; who, devoid of sense and negligent of the means which might make them wise, always see with the eyes of others, and bow obsequious to their lordly wills. To the credit of the nation, however, at the late election, a fifth class of citizens was found, a class of freemen who, though called Jacobin levellers, could not countenance a man of blood. These, averse to coercive measures, averse to violence, averse to war, averse to the annihilation of commerce, and alike averse to a nation’s ruin, turned their eyes to a friend of peace; and in the person of Mr. Mingay found an unsullied blank, on which 770 freemen wrote their protest against the measures of the administration, the commencement and continuance of a dreadful war. Let me ask Mr. Windham, let me ask the world, who are the best men, the advocates of negociation, who wish to overcome evil with good, or those who destroy the world by casting about firebrands, arrows, and death? If the former, I will then assert that the reputed conspirators are of that description, and deserve the character of the best of men.
“When the friends of freedom met to celebrate the deliverance of the acquitted felons, had the duke of Portland known their character, our present worthy mayor would have received no orders from his grace’s office to parade the streets with constables to preserve the peace. Had no curry-favour sycophant, no worthless candidate for the receiver generalship, endeavoured to excite the jealousy of his grace, the mayor would not have been necessitated to do what to him was unpleasant, or of vindicating in his letter to the duke, which to his honour he did, the injured character of his fellow-citizens.
“Thank God! the traitorous conspirators need no militia, no barracks, no standing army, no royal proclamations, no suspension of the Habeas Corpus, to keep them quiet. Men of principle detest tumult; and in their love of order and of peace, they find a restraint more powerful than any government can impose. From their peaceful habitations the savage whoop has not been heard; they have not assailed their quiet neighbours, nor burnt the dwellings of God or man. But can this be fairly said of their accusers? Have no anarchists, rioters, and levellers been found among them? (alluding to events at Birmingham). Ah! had that been happily the case, thy streets, O Birmingham, had never been lighted by the rioter’s torch! nor Thy temples, blessed God, reduced to ruins! Bigotry and persecution had not deprived us of the most splendid talents, nor had philosophy been forced to seek an asylum under calmer skies! Had the vain, the greedy, the ambitious candidates for honour and emoluments in the army, the navy, and the church been under the same influence that has governed the hearts and directed the conduct of the friends of freedom, the destroying sword had been lodged in its peaceful scabbard, there to have slept an eternal sleep.”
The preacher proceeded in the same eloquent manner to denounce the war and its advocates, and to defend the friends of freedom and peace, who it appears were numerous in this city, and who formed various associations of, what was deemed, a radical character. The Tories also had their political clubs under various names, and held weekly or monthly meetings at different hotels or taverns. The Eldon Club, formed and named in honour of Lord Eldon, is the only one that now remains, and the members have long held their meeting at the Bell Inn, on the Castle Hill. For some years the growing feeling here in favor of various pluses of reform, manifested itself chiefly in contests for the representation of the city; but gradually, public meetings and petitions to parliament became more and more frequent, and during the few years which preceded the great Reform Bill, were very numerous and often very excited. Amongst the first subjects which called forth the indignant protests of the citizens was that of the corn-laws. On Jan. 12th, 1815, a county meeting was held at the Shirehall, when it was unanimously resolved to petition parliament to take the corn-laws into consideration, on account of the depressed prices of agricultural produce. The bill, fixing the protecting price of wheat imported at 80s. per qr. and barley at 20s. per coomb, was this session enacted. On February 8th, at a numerous meeting held at the Guildhall, the mayor, (J. W. Robberds,) presiding, it was resolved to petition the House of Lords against the bill, which had then passed the House of Commons. The petition was signed by 13,000 citizens, but it passed the House of Lords, and received the royal assent. Great excitement prevailed, and on March 17th, Thomas William Coke, Esq. and Lord Albemarle, both Liberals, were attacked by the populace, at the cattle show, and pelted with stones, in consequence of the support which they had given to the corn-laws. Fortunately, they escaped to the Angel Inn (now the Royal Hotel), and afterwards from the city, but the tumult raged so highly, that the riot act was read, and the Brunswick Hussars were called out to quell the disturbance.
In the following year (1816) the attention of the citizens was turned to the question of Parliamentary Reform, and on the 14th October, a common hall was held for the adoption of a petition in its favour. Mr. Edward Taylor moved the adoption of the petition, and after congratulating the meeting on having a representative, in the person of Mr. Smith, who was an able and constant friend of the liberties of the people and of Parliamentary Reform, he reminded the audience that it was in vain for members of parliament to attempt to stem the torrent of corruption, unless the people supported them. The people had been long inactive, but he hoped to see the spirit of zeal and energy on behalf of this great cause revived, and extend itself to the verge of the island; and that petitions on the same principle as that about to be adopted by the present meeting would be sent to the legislature from every part of the kingdom. Mr. Firth had objected to the time as inappropriate. This he (Mr. Taylor) regarded as the old Pitt cant, according to which it always appeared that there were two seasons when any attempt to reform parliament was improper; the former of these was a state of war, when it was said that the ministers had something else to do besides redressing public grievances; the other was a state of peace, when the objection was that, all things being quiet, it was best not to disturb them. He (Mr. Taylor), however, affirmed that it was no less the duty than the right of the people of this country to call loudly for reform, especially at a time when their burdens and distresses were so great. Surely they were justified in asking for retrenchment in the public expenditure, when Lord Bathurst alone took more of the nation’s money, than was sufficient to maintain the poor of Norwich for a year. There was a long black list exhibiting many more such; while, at the same time, our trade was stagnant, and our poor rates increasing; and, therefore, he asked boldly whether such persons as these, who were taking the public money, ought not to be called on to disgorge some of the plunder. The petition was adopted by acclamation, and then Mr. William Smith, M.P., for Norwich, addressed the audience, approving of its prayer.
Mr. E. Taylor attended many meetings elsewhere in favor of Reform in Parliament. He took a very active part in local politics and was the life and soul of his party at contested elections, whether for the city or the council. He never connived at bribery or any improper practices. On one occasion, during the excitement of a parliamentary election, a man named Bradfield, a working brazier, was offered £30 to vote “orange and purple.” Though sadly in want of money, he steadily refused the tempting offer, which was repeatedly pressed upon him, and he voted “blue-and-white!” The result was that he lost his employment, and fell into great distress. Mr. Taylor having heard of the circumstance, interested himself on behalf of the honest voter, and promoted a subscription, by means of which he was furnished with tools, and enabled to begin successfully on his own account. Many years afterwards, Mr. Taylor, meeting him in the street, offered him the usual greeting of a friend; but Bradfield, fresh from his work, excused himself on the ground that his hands were “dirty.” His generous benefactor, however, would not allow the force of the apology, declaring that the man’s hands could not be very “dirty,” his conduct had shown that his heart and conscience were so pure. Mr. Taylor, in short, was so much respected for his rectitude, both political and religious, that it was no matter of surprise when he was seen walking arm in arm with a political opponent. Mr. Taylor’s electioneering labors were chiefly confined to serving on committees, visiting clubs, canvassing voters, and haranguing the people. He was a good speaker and always popular. On the platform, his strong good sense and nervous eloquence rendered his speeches effective, and they derived great weight from the known integrity of his character. If elections could have been gained by arguments alone, his addresses would have been more formidable to his opponents than they were. But there was often a majority, which could be won to either side by “golden” arguments.
So matters went on till 1822, when many political meetings were held, at which Mr. Edward Taylor took an active part. On January 12th, he moved and carried a resolution for Parliamentary Reform at a county meeting, convened for the avowed object of considering “agricultural distress.” On March 5th, he attended a Reform meeting at Bungay. On April 24th, he attended another “agricultural distress” meeting, and carried a resolution in favor of Parliamentary Reform. On May 11th, a county meeting was held with the express object of petitioning for reform, and resolutions were carried in favor of it. On Nov. 5th, Mr. Taylor presided at the annual dinner of the Norwich Reform Club.
The agitation for the repeal of the corn laws was continued in 1825, and on April 18th a public meeting was held in St. Andrew’s Hall, where a petition was adopted for a revision of the corn laws, which afterwards received 14,385 signatures, and was forwarded on the 26th to be presented to the House of Commons. Meetings were also held in the same year to promote the abolition of slavery, a question which excited a good deal of interest in this city; while the years from 1826 to 1829 were devoted chiefly to agitations for the abolition of slavery and Roman Catholic emancipation, counter petitions being sent to parliament in regard to the latter by the Whig and Tory sections of the clergy.
On June 29th, 1830, King William IV. was proclaimed, on the Castle Hill, by the High Sheriff, the bells ringing in honour of the event. Next day the king was proclaimed in the city, amid the cheers of the citizens; and the mayor presided at a dinner, in celebration of His Majesty’s accession, at the Norfolk Hotel. This king was believed to be in favour of Reform and Retrenchment, and the liberal party always made him appear to be so. But the correspondence of the late Earl Grey with his Majesty, recently published, proves that the king entertained the question of Reform with great reluctance, which was shared even by some of the Whig ministers. Lord Grey himself wrote, January 16th, 1831,—
“It has often been my wish to find the means of postponing it, but the result of all my consideration has been that an attempt to do so would be fatal to the character of the government, and would lead to its dissolution under circumstances still more disastrous than those which would follow such a result, if his Majesty were unfortunately compelled, by a sense of duty, to withhold his assent from the measure which may be submitted to him by his ministers. And other members of the government itself interposed difficulties. Even Lord Brougham objected, after the measure was drawn up, to the abolition of the close boroughs, urging the argument that there would be no means for getting seats for persons in the government,” &c.
And Lord Grey seriously feared that on this point his lord chancellor might “throw us over with the king!” The king would not hear of the ballot, and he strongly objected to shortening the duration of parliament to five years as proposed. At last all obstacles were removed, and on March 4th, 1831, the bill was introduced by Lord John Russell into the House of Commons. After a prolonged debate it was read a second time by only a majority of one. It was defeated in committee on an amendment against diminishing the number of English representatives. Then the cabinet, by a minute, called on the king for a distinct answer to the request for a dissolution. He yielded, avowing that the perils to follow at home and abroad from a change of ministry were greater than could arise from a dissolution. But he took occasion to recur to some of his old objections, and to urge that the bill should be remodelled before being re-introduced; and he pressed the condition, above all, of resistance to extreme change.
In consequence of the dissolution on the defeat of ministers on the Reform Bill, an election took place in this city on April 29th, 1831. The polling commenced next morning, Saturday, and was continued on the following Monday and Tuesday. The numbers were for R. H. Gurney, Esq., (L.) 2158; the Right Hon. Robert Grant, (L.) 2163; Sir Charles Wetherell, (C.) 977; and Mr. M. T. Sadler, (C.) 964. The two former gentlemen were declared duly elected. On the Monday evening the Tory polling booths were pulled down and afterwards burned.
On February 29th, 1832, Lord Viscount Sidmouth presented an address to the king, signed by 2300 of the gentry, clergy, freemen, freeholders, and other inhabitants of the city, praying his Majesty to “withhold his royal sanction from any measure which might compromise the independence of either branch of the legislature, and expressing their fullest confidence in his paternal regard for his faithful people to preserve the fundamental principles of the British constitution.” This petition was in reference to a threatened creation of new peers in the House of Lords. On May 14th, ministers having been again defeated on the Reform Bill, (by a majority of thirty-five in the House of Lords,) a requisition was presented to the mayor, Sir J. H. Yallop, to call a public meeting in support of the bill. The mayor complied, and the meeting was called. A procession was formed on the Castle Meadow, and being joined by a very large body from Wymondham, carrying many banners and accompanied by bands of music, proceeded to St. Andrew’s Hall, which was quite filled. The mayor presided, and a petition was adopted praying the House of Commons to stop all supplies till the bill was passed. The cry was for “the bill—the whole bill, and nothing but the bill.” On June 5th, the “Telegraph” coach arrived in the city with the news of the passing of the Reform Bill, by a majority of eighty-four. A large number of people were in waiting, and the moment the coach entered the top of St. Stephen’s Street, the people on hearing the news loudly cheered, and the cheering was continued along the whole line of the street into the Market Place. A large party perambulated the city with a band playing lively airs, all the evening, and on the following night a bonfire was kindled on the Castle Ditches. During the month several public dinners were held to celebrate the passing of the Reform Bill; and the 5th of the following month was devoted to a special demonstration. The morning was ushered in by the firing of cannon and the ringing of bells, and a procession having been previously arranged, about 11 a.m. a large body of horsemen took up their position on the Castle Ditches whence, headed by three mounted trumpeters, and followed by the Norwich Political Union and electors of the different wards, and accompanied by an immense concourse of spectators, they passed through the principal streets of the city. The electors afterwards proceeded to the Old Cricket Ground, where they were regaled with roast beef, plum-pudding, and ale, and spent the rest of the day in rural sports.
The Reformed Parliament
The first election for the city, after the passing of the Reform Bill, took place on December 10th, 11th, and 12th, 1832, with the following result.
| Lord Viscount Stormont (C.) | 2016 |
| Sir James Scarlett (C.) | 1962 |
| R. H. Gurney, Esq. (L.) | 1809 |
| H. B. Ker, Esq. (L.) | 1765 |
The contest was a severe one, and the total number polled was 3807, including 2283 freemen, 834 freeholders, and 690 occupiers. Gross bribery prevailed, and a committee of investigation was at once appointed, meetings were held, and subscriptions were collected from house to house throughout the several parishes, in support of a petition to parliament against the return of the sitting members. The petition was presented by Mr. Grote on the 18th of Feb., 1833, and on the 4th of April, intelligence reached the city by mail that a committee of the House had declared the members duly elected, but that they had decided that the petition was neither frivolous nor vexatious. At page 396 we have already given some of the evidence afterwards taken in Norwich on the subject, by the commissioners appointed to enquire into the state of the municipal corporation. The decision of the parliamentary committee was received with great surprise. On June 19th of the same year, the Conservative ladies of Norwich, having previously subscribed for two banners to be presented to Lord Stormont and Sir James Scarlett, the presentation took place in the Council Chamber, in the presence of 150 ladies, with several members of the corporation. Lord Viscount Stormont attended, and Mr. Robert Scarlett was present on behalf of his father, Sir James Scarlett. Mrs. Bignold, the mayoress, and Mrs. Preston presented the banners amid great applause.
The first Reformed Parliament assembled January 29th, 1833. It lasted barely two years, for the dismissal of the Whig ministry by the king, and the placing of Sir Robert Peel at the head of a Conservative government, caused its dissolution on December 10th, 1834.
Election of January 6th and 7th, 1835.
| Lord Viscount Stormont (C.) | 1892 |
| Hon. Robert C. Scarlett (C.) | 1878 |
| Hon. Edward V. Harbord (L.) | 1592 |
| Frank Offley Martin, Esq. (L.) | 1585 |
The second Reformed Parliament assembled, Feb. 19th, 1835, and on the 26th an amendment on the address led to a division with the following result:—for the amendment 309; against 302; majority against ministers, 7. This led to the resignation of the Peel administration; and Lord Melbourne was recalled to the head of the government. The death of the king led to a dissolution, on July 17th, 1837, and then followed the most severe and costly contest that ever took place for the representation of Norwich; bribery, intimidation, and treating, being carried on to a most shameful extent; £40,000 is said to have been spent in the demoralization of the electors.
The Election of July 25th, 1837.
| Marquis of Douro (C.) | 1863 |
| Honorable R. C. Scarlett (C.) | 1865 |
| Benjamin Smith (L.) | 1843 |
| W. Mountford Nurse (L.) | 1831 |
A petition was presented against the return of Lord Douro and Mr. Scarlett, and the result was, that by arrangement the poll was reduced—Douro, 1842; Smith, 1841; Scarlett, 1840; Nurse, 1829. Consequently, Lord Douro and Mr. Smith were declared duly elected.
The third Reformed Parliament assembled on Nov. 15th, 1837, and continued till June 23rd, 1841. Another election took place on June 28th, 1841, when the former members were again candidates. No polling took place at this election, but it was rendered remarkable in consequence of the Chartists and other electors being much opposed to the compromise, which the exhausting contest of 1837 had induced the leaders of the Liberal and Conservative parties to enter into, and an opposition of some kind was resolved upon. Accordingly, after Lord Douro and Mr. Smith had been nominated at the Guildhall, John Dover, a stalwart Chartist freeman, proposed as a candidate, Mr. William Eagle, a barrister of Lakenheath, in Suffolk. John Whiting, a £10-occupier, seconded the nomination, and a show of hands was taken, which the sheriff declared to be in favor of Lord Douro and Mr. Smith. Then Dover demanded a poll for Mr. Eagle, who was not present. The under-sheriff thereupon required a guarantee for the expenses, and some delay occurred. Many persons were applied to in the emergency, but declined to give the guarantee required. Dover ultimately withdrew the nomination on receiving £50 from certain parties, as he alleged, for expenses which had been incurred. This soon became known to the crowd of Chartists outside of the Guildhall, and a riot ensued. When Dover came out they surrounded him, took his money from him, and tore the clothes off his back. He escaped for the time, but on the following day the mob found him again, and threatened to throw him into the river, but he was rescued by the police. A petition was subsequently presented, by Mr. Duncombe, to the House of Commons, signed by 6000 inhabitants of Norwich, complaining of the return of Lord Douro and Mr. Smith, but it led to no result, and they sat in the house till the next election.
The fourth Reformed Parliament assembled Aug. 19th, 1841, and was dissolved July 23rd, 1847. Another election took place on July 29th, 1847. A very great effort was made at this election, by a large body of voters, to break down the compromise which had been entered into in 1841; and though not successful, it proved the difficulty of maintaining such an arrangement in a large constituency. Mr. Parry, a Barrister of the Home Circuit, was nominated by the extreme Liberal party. The result of the poll was as follows:—
The Election of July 29th, 1847.
| Samuel Morton Peto (L.) | 2448 |
| Marquis of Douro (C.) | 1727 |
| John Humfreys Parry (L.) | 1572 |
The fifth Reformed Parliament assembled on Sept. 21st, 1847, and its dissolution took place in consequence of the accession to office of Lord Derby’s ministry, on July 1st, 1852. A severe contest took place between the Liberals and Conservatives, on July 8th, 1852, with the following result.
The Election of July 8th, 1852.
| Samuel Morton Peto (L.) | 2190 |
| Edward Warner (L.) | 2145 |
| Marquis of Douro (C.) | 1592 |
| Col. Lothian S. Dickson (C.) | 1465 |
The sixth Reformed Parliament assembled on Nov. 4th, 1852, and an election took place here in Dec., 1854. The vacancy in the representation which caused this election, arose in consequence of Mr. Peto having, in conjunction with his partners, undertaken to construct a railway from Balaclava to Sebastopol, to assist the British army in bringing the siege of that place to a successful conclusion. Though no contract had been entered into by Mr. Peto with the government, he had to resign his seat. Sir S. Bignold became a candidate in the Conservative interest, and Anthony Hamond, Esq., for the Liberals. The contest ended as follows:—
The Election of Dec., 1854.
| Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1901 |
| Anthony Hamond (L.) | 1635 |
The sixth Reformed Parliament was dissolved on March 21st, 1857, in consequence of a resolution having been proposed by Mr. Cobden, in condemnation of the proceedings of the ministry with regard to the Chinese war. A division took place at an early hour, on March 4th—For Mr. Cobden’s motion, 263; against, 247; majority against the government, 16. This caused an election here on March 28th, 1857.
The Election of March, 1857.
| Lord Viscount Bury (L.) | 2238 |
| Henry Wm. Schneider (L.) | 2247 |
| Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1636 |
The seventh Reformed Parliament assembled April 30th, 1857. On Feb. 19th, 1858, Lord Palmerston, who commenced the session with a large majority in his favour, was defeated on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill, by 234 to 215 votes. Lord Palmerston accordingly resigned, and was succeeded by Lord Derby. An election took place on April 30th, 1859, and another severe contest ensued between the Liberals and Conservatives, with the following result:—
The Election of April, 1859.
| Lord Viscount Bury (L.) | 2154 |
| Henry Wm. Schneider (L.) | 2138 |
| Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1966 |
| C. M. Lushington (C.) | 1900 |
The eighth Reformed Parliament assembled May 31st, 1859; and Lord Derby, being defeated on an amendment to the address, resigned. Lord Palmerston again came into power, and Lord Bury was appointed Treasurer of the Household. This occasioned a vacancy in the representation, and the election took place on June 29th, 1859.
The Election of June, 1859.
| Lord Viscount Bury (L.) | 1922 |
| Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1561 |
| Colonel Boldero (C.) | 39 |
The election of Lord Bury and Mr. Schneider, on April 30th, 1859, having been declared void on the ground of bribery (which had been shamefully resorted to on both sides) by a committee of the House of Commons, on July 30th, 1859, and the subsequent election of Lord Bury, on June 29th, having been also declared void, writs were ordered, on March 23rd, 1860, to be issued for the election of two members. This led to a grand trial of the strength of the two parties here on March 29th, 1860, with the following result:—
The Election of March, 1860.
| Edward Warner (L.) | 2083 |
| Col. Sir Wm. Russell (L.) | 2045 |
| Wm. David Lewis (C.) | 1631 |
| Wm. Forlonge (C.) | 1636 |
The eighth Reformed Parliament, during the existence of which Lord Palmerston continued premier, was dissolved on Thursday, July 6th, 1865. The nomination for this city was appointed to take place on Tuesday, July 11th.
The Election of July, 1865.
Mr. Warner and Sir William Russell offered themselves for re-election. The Conservatives, however, undismayed by past defeats, determined again to contest the representation. At a large meeting of the party, held at the Norfolk Hotel on Saturday evening, July 1st, Sir S. Bignold, who presided, after opening the proceedings, introduced Robert Edmond Chester Waters, Esq., of Upton Park, Dorsetshire, to the electors present, who resolved unanimously to support him as one of the Conservative candidates. At a meeting subsequently held in the third ward, Augustus Goldsmid, Esq., was introduced and accepted as the second candidate. The electors knew very little about the antecedents of either gentlemen, and never supposed that Mr. Waters had been a candidate in the Liberal interest, and a member of the Reform Club. He was a young man and a good speaker, and by his eloquence and address greatly pleased his numerous supporters. On the Friday following, however, in the two local Liberal newspapers, the Norfolk News and the Norwich Mercury, and at a large meeting of Liberal electors in St. Andrew’s Hall, certain serious charges were made affecting the character of Mr. Waters, which charges, it was alleged, had led to his “retirement” from the Reform Club, of which he had once been a member; and the Conservatives were challenged to investigate the truth of the charges. Mr. Waters himself indignantly denied them, and issued a circular stating that he had ordered legal proceedings to be instituted against the authors of the slanders. He also addressed a great meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall in his own defence, and vehemently denounced his calumniators. The challenge of the Liberals was accordingly accepted, and Mr. H. S. Patteson and Mr. E. Field were appointed on behalf of the Conservative committee to accompany Dr. Dalrymple and Mr. J. H. Tillett to London, to examine the books of the Reform Club, and make other investigations. In the meantime the Conservative committee issued an appeal to the electors, expressing themselves satisfied with the proofs Mr. Waters had submitted to them of his position in society, and asking them to suspend their judgment until the return of the deputation from London. On the Monday, the gentlemen forming the deputation proceeded to London, and in the course of the day, a telegram, unfavourable to Mr. Waters, was received by the committee in the city, which resulted in the following notice being issued:—
“Fellow Citizens; in consequence of a telegram just received, we feel it our duty to withdraw our support from Mr. Waters, as one of the candidates for the city. The other gentlemen who signed the previous paper are absent from Norwich. Signed, Fred. Brown, J. B. Morgan, F. E. Watson, Henry Ling. Norwich, 10th July, 1865.”
As may be supposed, this telegram caused great consternation among the Conservatives, many of whom resolved to support Mr. Waters notwithstanding. Indignation meetings of a large section of the party were held at various taverns in the city, and Mr. Waters was received with greater enthusiasm than ever. At a meeting held in the evening, Mr. Waters addressed his friends, and the Hon. Major Augustus Jocelyn also spoke, bearing testimony to the high personal character of Mr. Waters. This only confirmed the gentlemen of his committee in their previous decision, whereupon Mr. Waters declared his determination to stand independently, and he continued his candidature.
The nomination took place on Tuesday, July 11th, in the Guildhall, which was crowded by partisans. The sheriff (C. Jecks, Esq.) presided as returning officer. Sir William Foster, Bart., nominated Edward Warner, Esq., of Higham Hall, Woodford, Essex, as a fit and proper person to represent the city of Norwich in parliament. Mr. E. Willett seconded and Mr. J. J. Colman supported the nomination, amid much applause. Dr. Dalrymple nominated Sir William Russell, Bart., C.B., of Charlton Park, Gloucestershire; Mr. J. H. Tillett seconded and Mr. Donald Steward supported the nomination. Mr. J. G. Johnson nominated Augustus Goldsmid, Esq., Barrister-at-law; Mr. Patteson seconded and Mr. J. B. Morgan supported the nomination. Mr. R. P. Wiseman nominated Robert Edmond Chester Waters, Esq., of Upton Park, Dorsetshire; Mr. J. Allen (surgeon) seconded and Mr. John Hardy supported the nomination. The sheriff then called for a show of hands, and declared it to be in favour of Mr. Warner and Sir William Russell. Mr. J. G. Johnson demanded a poll on behalf of Mr. Goldsmid, and Mr. Wiseman for Mr. Waters. The polling took place on Wednesday and was kept up with great spirit; at the close the numbers were:—
| Sir William Russell (L.) | 1845 |
| Edward Warner (L.) | 1838 |
| Augustus Goldsmid (C.) | 1466 |
| R. E. Chester Waters (C.) | 1363 |
The House of Commons, as organised in 1832, performed, during the thirty-five years of its existence, a work of the first magnitude, the repealing of the old and bad corn laws. It also swept away the navigation laws, the paper and newspaper taxes, the window duties, and every restriction which impeded the progress of industry. But a new House of Commons was needed, a House that should represent not only the middle but also the working classes, not only capital but labour. For this purpose, a new Reform Bill became necessary, to lower and extend the franchise to all householders, to give at least every rate-payer a vote, to enable working-men to help in returning members to Parliament. After Lord Palmerston’s death a new government was formed; and in 1866, Mr. Gladstone brought in another Reform Bill, which was not accepted, and on an adverse division, respecting a rating clause, the ministry resigned. Lord Derby came into office, and Mr. Disraeli introduced a Bill for Household Suffrage, on terms based on rate-paying by the occupiers. This Bill, which swept away all “compounding” for rates, was passed in 1867, and under it the number of voters in Norwich was increased from five to twelve thousand. In 1868, ministers were defeated by a majority of more than sixty, on a motion by Mr. Gladstone for the dis-establishment and dis-endowment of the Irish church, and the government determined to appeal to the new constituency.
Chapter II — Political History — (Continued.)
The Election of Nov., 1868
In consequence of the passing of the New Reform Bill in 1867, this election had been long anticipated, and preparations for it had been for some months in progress by the re-organisation of the three parties—the Conservatives, the Whigs, and the Radicals, the last of which was now numerically the strongest of the three. At the commencement of the year, a general committee of forty delegates, five from each of the eight wards, was formed in the Tory interest, in order to be prepared for the coming struggle. This general committee, consisting of middle-class and working-men, was intended to supersede a junta of the more influential men of the party, who were accused of having mis-managed every election for the last twenty years; and they set to work at once to form a general Conservative Association, and to some extent, succeeded, while the old leaders kept aloof from all the proceedings, Mr. G. Johnson, Mr. E. Field, Mr. F. E. Watson, Mr. J. S. Skipper, Mr. F. Brown, Mr. J. B. Morgan, Mr. H. Morgan, and others, who had been active partisans, seldom putting in an appearance at any political meetings. After re-organising their party, the new committee of forty cast about for a popular candidate, and fixed upon Sir R. J. H. Harvey, Bart., the late member for Thetford, which had just been disfranchised, but after a long consideration of the matter he politely declined, and though again and again solicited, he still refused to come forward. After various fruitless negociations with other parties, the new committee however at last requested Sir Henry Stracey, Bart., of Rackheath, to contest the representation of the city; and though he hesitated for some time, at last he consented to do so, and issued a short address. He attended many ward meetings of his party at different places, and one great meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall. Sir S. Bignold presided and spoke strongly in favour of the hon. baronet, who declared himself to be a Protestant churchman; a friend of church and state, and of all the time-honoured institutions of the country; a supporter of Disraeli’s ministry; and an opponent of all radical changes. Sir Henry also, by request, attended a meeting of the Licensed Victuallers, at the Hop-Pole Gardens, and having promised to oppose the Permissive Bill and to vote for a redress of their grievances, the meeting passed a resolution to support him at the coming election.
During the autumn, the Whigs held several meetings at the Royal Hotel, and after much discussion resolved to support the old members, Sir William Russell and Mr. Edward Warner. Those gentlemen accordingly came to Norwich by the invitation of the Whigs and addressed the electors, but were not favourably received by the meeting, most of those present being advanced Liberals. In consequence of this, they retired till the Liberals should be more united. The working-men, in fact, had also held many previous meetings, and were resolved to have their own candidate, and they nominated Jacob Henry Tillett, who had laboured for them for so many years. To achieve their end, they formed a very extensive Organization, embracing all the wards in the city; canvassed the electors, and registered every one in every parish who promised to vote for their candidate; and in a short time they registered 4000 voters for Mr. Tillett, and were very confident of success. The consequence was that when Sir Henry Stracey came forward, the Whigs, in view of a strong contest, agreed to combine with the advanced section of the Liberals, and a meeting was held of both sections, who resolved to support Sir William Russell and Mr. Tillett—Sir William Foster, presiding. Those two gentlemen accordingly issued a joint address, promising to support the same Liberal principles and measures. The Conservatives too, in view of the coming contest, forgot their past differences, and worked together most energetically.
The nomination took place on November 16th. As soon as the sheriff (J. Robison, Esq.) had taken his seat, the Guildhall was filled with a roaring, shouting, and groaning crowd, who exercised their lungs most vigorously, to express their approval or disapprobation of the views of the different prominent members of either party, as they made their appearance by twos and threes at the magistrates’ entrance to the court. For aught that could be said to the contrary by those a few feet distant, the reading of the writ and the administering of the oath to the sheriff seemed to be but dumb show.
After the sheriff had opened the proceedings, Mr. H. Birkbeck nominated Colonel Sir William Russell, Baronet.
Mr. John Youngs seconded and Mr. S. Daynes supported the nomination.
Sir S. Bignold said he begged to nominate Sir Henry Josias Stracey, Baronet, of Rackheath, their opulent neighbour and brother elector.
Mr. W. J. U. Browne seconded and Mr. J. G. Johnson supported the nomination.
Mr. J. J. Colman said he had great pleasure in nominating Jacob Henry Tillett, Esq., of the city of Norwich.
Mr. A. M. F. Morgan seconded and Mr. C. J. Bunting supported the nomination.
The sheriff, having read aloud the names of the candidates, put them in the order of their nomination, and after taking the show of hands on each, declared that it was in favor of Sir William Russell and Jacob Henry Tillett, Esq.
Sir S. Bignold then demanded a poll on behalf of Sir H. J. Stracey, and the proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the sheriff for presiding, moved by Mr. J. G. Johnson, and seconded by Mr. J. J. Colman.
The departure of the candidates from the Hall was witnessed by some two thousand persons, who warmly greeted their respective favorites. A very large crowd followed Mr. J. J. Colman and Mr. Donald Steward to the Liberal head-quarters—the Royal Hotel—cheering most enthusiastically for the Liberal candidates.
The polling took place on the next day, and the following shows the state of the poll as issued at intervals by the Conservatives, from which it will be seen that, though Mr. Tillett was at the bottom at four o’clock, they themselves show him to have had a majority of forty-seven votes, even so late as half-past three, and that the Tory poll was increased in the last half-hour by no fewer than 561!
| 9 O’CLOCK. | 9.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey (C.) | 804 | Stracey | 1249 | |
| Russell (L.) | 775 | Russell | 1233 | |
| Tillett (L.) | 797 | Tillett | 1225 | |
| 10 O’CLOCK. | 10.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 1624 | Stracey | 1981 | |
| Russell | 1686 | Russell | 2125 | |
| Tillett | 1656 | Tillett | 2071 | |
| 11 O’CLOCK. | 11.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 2364 | Stracey | 2601 | |
| Russell | 2628 | Russell | 2892 | |
| Tillett | 2569 | Tillett | 2816 | |
| 12 O’CLOCK. | 12.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 2787 | Stracey | 2965 | |
| Russell | 3057 | Russell | 3165 | |
| Tillett | 2974 | Tillett | 3084 | |
| 1 O’CLOCK. | 1.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 3116 | Stracey | 3239 | |
| Russell | 3326 | Russell | 3430 | |
| Tillett | 3217 | Tillett | 3327 | |
| 2 O’CLOCK. | 2.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 3383 | Stracey | 3578 | |
| Russell | 3550 | Russell | 3744 | |
| Tillett | 3443 | Tillett | 3637 | |
| 3 O’CLOCK. | 3.30 O’CLOCK. | |||
| Stracey | 3760 | Stracey | 3960 | |
| Russell | 3930 | Russell | 4203 | |
| Tillett | 3812 | Tillett | 4007 | |
| 4 O’CLOCK. | ||||
| Stracey | 4521 | |||
| Russell | 4509 | |||
| Tillett | 4364 | |||
The following are the numbers polled in each ward:
| Russell. | Tillett. | Stracey. | |
| First Ward | 273 | 260 | 507 |
| Second Ward | 284 | 242 | 281 |
| Third Ward | 1269 | 1249 | 1163 |
| Fourth Ward | 140 | 118 | 207 |
| Fifth Ward | 314 | 281 | 450 |
| Sixth Ward | 855 | 883 | 665 |
| Seventh Ward | 886 | 864 | 879 |
| Eighth Ward | 488 | 467 | 369 |
| 4509 | 4364 | 4521 |
The result of the polling was of course a terrible disappointment to the Liberal candidates, and especially to Mr. Tillett’s friends, who had reckoned upon his return as certain. They had not, however, anticipated the corrupt means which were adopted to secure the return of Sir Henry Stracey. As soon, however, as the contest was at an end, Mr. Tillett resolved to petition against the hon. baronet’s return, and the trial took place in the Shirehall, before Mr. Baron Martin, on Friday, Saturday, and Monday, the 15th, 16th, and 18th of January, and ended in Sir Henry Stracey’s election being declared void on the ground of bribery by his agents.
The appeal to the country was made, it will be remembered, on Mr. Gladstone’s declared policy of dis-establishing the Irish church, and the result of the general election showed so decided a majority in Mr. Gladstone’s favor, that before the new House of Commons assembled, Mr. Disraeli resigned, and Mr. Gladstone assumed the reins of government. The House met for the swearing in of members on the 10th of December; and adjourned to February 16th, 1869, for the despatch of business.
Members for Norwich
The following is a list of the burgesses who served in parliament for this city, according to the earliest accounts. The figures set before the names denote the year of each king or queen’s reign.
| Edward I. 1272. | ||
| 26. | Adam de Toftes | John le Graunt |
| 27. | Robert de Holveston | Roger de Tudenham |
| 28. | Robert de Holveston | Roger de Tudenham |
| 30. | Roger de Tudenham | Robert de Weston |
| 31. | John le Graunt | John de Morle |
| 32. | John le Graunt | John de Morle |
| 33. | Jeff. de Norwich | Ralph de Burewode |
| 34. | William de Wichingham | Henry Gare |
| Edward II. 1307. | ||
| 1. | John de Morle | John Sparrowe |
| 1. | Tho. Butt | Thomas de Hakeford |
| 2. | John de Morle | John Benediscite |
| 4. | John de Morle | John Sparowe |
| 5. | John de Morle | John Sparowe |
| 6. | John de Corpesty | Thomas Butt |
| 6. | William de Wichingham | John de Ellingham |
| 7. | William de Wichingham | John de Ellingham |
| 8. | Roger de St. Austin | John de la Salle |
| 8. | John Sparrowe | Roger Fitz Hugh |
| 12. | John de Morle | Peter de Scothow |
| 15. | John Flynt | Thomas de Byntree |
| 16. | John de Morle, jun. | Robert de Hakeford |
| 19. | Wm. de Strumpsawe | William de Wichingham |
| 20. | William Bateman | William Butt |
In the next reign the members for the city were paid £7 6s. 8d. for their attendance in parliament.
| Edward III. 1327. | ||
| 1. | John de Morle | Thos. Butt |
| 2. | Thos. Butt | Reginald de Gurmuncestre |
| 2. | Richard Arundel | John de Morle |
| 4. | Thos. Butt | John Ymme |
| 4. | Thos. Butt | William de Horsford |
| 5. | Thos. Butt | John de Snyterton |
| 6. | Thos. Butt | Peter de Hakeford |
| 7. | Thos. Butt | Peter de Hakeford |
| 8. | John de Morle | Peter de Hakeford |
| 8. | Thos. Butt | Peter de Hakeford |
| 9. | John de Berney | Peter de Hakeford |
| 9. | William Butt | Thomas Butt |
| 11. | Thomas de la Rokele | John le Grey |
| 12. | Robert Bendish | William de Wichingham |
| 12. | Thomas de la Rokele | Edmund Cosyn |
| 14. | Robert de Wyleby | John Fitz John |
| 15. | Richard de Bytering | Robert de Bumpstede |
| 17. | John Ymme | Peter de Hakeford |
| 17. | John Ymme | John de Morle |
| 20. | Robert de Poleye | John de Plumstede |
| 21. | Edmund Cosyn | John de Hakeford |
| 22. | Robert de Poleye | Peter de Hakeford |
| 24. | Richard de Bytering | Robert de Bumpstede |
| 26. | Roger Hardegray | |
| 27. | Richard de Bytering | Robert de Bumpstede |
| 28. | Robert de Bumpstede | Edmund Sturmere |
| 29. | Roger Hardegray | Robert de Bumpstede |
| 31. | Roger Hardegray | William Sky |
| 33. | John de Morle | John le Grant |
| 34. | Roger Hardegray | Richard de Bytering |
| 36. | Robert de Bumpstede | Walter de Bixton |
| 42. | John de Knateshall | William de Blickling |
| 45. | John Latymer | |
| 46. | Richard Fishe | Jeffery Seawale |
| 47. | John de Stoke | William Gerrard |
| 49. | Bartho. de Appelyard | William de Blickling |
| 50. | Robert Popingeay | Thomas Spynk. |
Many of the foregoing list are evidently Norman names. The members, returned almost every year and paid for their services, had little to do except to vote supplies to the reigning sovereign.
Richard II. 1377.
| 1. | William de Bixton | Peter de Alderford |
| 2. | Walter de Bixton | Henry Lomynour |
| 3. | Walter de Bixton | Thomas Spynk |
| 4. | John Latymer | Robert de Bernham |
| 5. | John de Well | Walter de Bixton |
| 5. | John de Well | William Gerrard |
| 6. | William Blickling | Walter de Bixton |
| 7. | Walter de Bixton | William Appleyard, jun. |
| 7. | William Gerrard | John Parlet |
| 8. | William Appleyard | Thomas Gerrard |
| 9. | Clement Hereward | William Appleyard |
| 10. | Walter Niche | Walter de Bixton |
| 10. | Walter de Bixton | Thomas Spynk |
| 11. | William Appleyard | Walter de Bixton |
| 12. | Walter de Bixton | John de Multon |
| 13. | Henry Lomynour | Walter de Bixton |
| 14. | Walter de Bixton | William Everard |
| 14. | William Appleyard | Thomas Gerrard |
| 15. | Walter de Bixton | Thomas Gerrard |
| 16. | William Everard | John de Multon |
| 17. | Henry Lomynour | William Everard |
| 18. | William Appleyard | Henry Lomynour |
| 19. | William Appleyard | Thomas Gerrard |
| 20. | William Appleyard | Henry Lomynour |
| 21. | Walter de Bixton | Richard White |
| 22. | Henry Lomynour | Roger de Blickling |
Henry IV. 1399.
| 1. | Henry Lomynour | William de Blickling |
| 2. | Edmund Warner | William de Crakeford |
| 2. | Edmund Warner | Walter de Eton |
| 3. | William Appleyard | William de Crakeford |
| 5. | William Everard | Walter de Eton |
| 7. | Walter de Eton | Robert Dunston |
| 10. | Robert Dunston | William Ampulford |
| 13. | Thomas Gerrard | Bartholomew Appleyard |
| 14. | Bartholomew Appleyard | John Alderford |
| 14. | William Sedeman | John Biskelee |
Henry V. 1413.
| 1. | Robert Brasier | Robert Dunston |
| 2. | Robert Brasier | John Alderford |
| 2. | William Sedeman | Richard Spurdance |
| 3. | John Biskelee | Robert Dunston |
| 3. | Henry Rafman | William Sedeman |
| 4. | John Biskelee | William Appleyard 672 |
| 5. | John Brasier | Robert Dunston |
| 7. | Walter Eton | John Alderford |
| 7. | William Appleyard | John Biskelee |
| 8. | Robert Baxter | John Dunston |
| 9. | Robert Dunston | Henry Pekyng |
Henry VI. 1422.
| 1. | Robert Dunston | Richard Moneslee |
| 2. | John Gerrard | Richard Moneslee |
| 3. | Walter Eton | John Gerrard |
| 4. | Simon Cocke | Richard Diverose |
| 6. | Thomas Ingham | John Alderford |
| 7. + 8. | Thomas Wetherby | Thomas Ingham |
| 9. | Richard Moneslee | Robert Chappeleyn |
| 10. | John Gerrard | Richard Moneslee |
| 11. | Richard Moneslee | William Ashwell |
| 12. | Richard Moneslee | William Ashwell |
| 13. + 14. | John Gerrard | William Ashwell |
| 15. | Thomas Wetherby | John Toppys |
| 20. | John Gerrard | Gregory Draper |
| 23. | Thomas Ingham | Robert Toppys |
| 25. | John Gerrard | Gregory Draper |
| 27. | Robert Toppys | Ralph Segryme |
| 28. | William Ashwell | William Hempstede |
| 29. | William Ashwell | John Damme |
| 31. | William Barley | John Jenny |
| 33. | William Ashwell | John Drolle |
| 38. | Richard Browne | John Chyttock |
| 38. | Edward Cutler | John Burton |
Edward IV. 1461.
| 1. | Robert Toppys | Edward Cutler |
| 2. | Thomas Elys | William Skippewith |
| 7. | Henry Spelman | Richard Hoste |
| 12. | John Aubrey | Thomas Bokenham |
| 17. | John Jenny | Henry Wilton |
Richard III. 1483.
1.
Robert Thorp
John Marleburgh
Henry VII. 1485.
| 1. | John Paston | Philip Curzon |
| 4. | Robert Thorp | Thomas Caus |
| 4. | Thomas Jenny | Robert Thorp |
| 7. | John Pyncheamore | Philip Curzon |
| 11. | Stephen Bryan | Robert Thorp |
| 12. | James Hobart | Thomas Caus |
| 12. | Robert Thorp | Robert Burgh |
| 19. | Robert Burgh | John Rightwise |
Henry VIII. 1509.
| 2. | John Clerk | Robert Harrydance |
| 6. | John Pyncheamore | Philip Curzon |
| 33. | William Rogers | Augustine Steward |
Edward VI. 1547.
| 6. | Thomas Marsham | Alexander Mather |
| 6. | Thomas Marsham | Alexander Mather |
Mary. 1553.
| 1. | Thomas Gawdy | Richard Catlyn |
| 1. | Henry Ward | John Ball |
| 2. | John Corbet | Alexander Mather |
| 3. | John Aldrich | Thomas Grey |
| 4. | Thomas Gawdy | Thomas Sotherton |
Elizabeth. 1558.
| 1. | Edward Flowerdew | John Aldrich |
| 5. | Robert Mitchels | Thomas Parker |
| 13. | John Blenerhasset | Robert Suckling |
| 14. | John Aldrich | Thomas Beaumont |
| 27. | Christopher Layer | Simon Bowde |
| 28. | Robert Suckling | Thomas Layer |
| 31. | Francis Rugge | Thomas Gleane |
| 35. | Robert Houghton | Robert Yarrum |
| 39. | Thomas Sotherton | Christopher Layer |
| 43. | Alexander Thurston | John Pettus |
James I. 1603.
| 1. | Sir Henry Hobart, Knt. | John Pettus |
| 12. | Sir Thomas Hyrne, Knt. | Rice Gwynne |
| 18. | Sir Richard Rosse, Knt. | William Denny |
| 21. | Sir Thomas Hyrne, Knt. | William Denny |
Charles I. 1625.
| 1. | Sir Thomas Hyrne, Knt. | William Denny |
| 1. | John Suckling, Knt. | Thomas Hyrne, Knt. |
| 3. | Peter Gleane, Knt. | Robert Debney |
| 15. | Richard Harman | Richard Catlyn |
The Commonwealth. 1649.
| 1. | Richard Harman | Richard Catlyn |
| 8. | Bernard Church | John Hobart |
| 10. | John Hobart | William Barnham |
Charles II. 1660.
| 1. | William Barnham | Thomas Rant |
| 2. | Christopher Jay | Francis Corey |
| 18. | William Paston | Augustine Briggs |
| 19. | William Paston | Augustine Briggs |
| 20. | William Paston | Augustine Briggs |
| 22. | William Paston | Augustine Briggs |
James II. 1685.
| 1. | Robert Paston | Sir Nevil Catlyn, Knt. |
| 4. | Sir Nevil Catlyn, Knt. | Robert Davy |
The following is a list of the members of parliament from the Revolution in 1688 to the passing of the Reform Bill, and the state of the poll at each contested election in all cases where a record of the figures could be found.
James II.
| January 7th, 1688. | |
| Sir Nevil Catlyn, Knt. | Robert Davy, Esq., Recorder |
| December 11th, 1688. Convention Parliament | |
| Sir Nevil Catlyn, Knt. | Thomas Blofield, Esq., Alder. |
William and Mary.
February, 1689.
Thomas Blofield, Esq.
Hugh Bokenham, Esq.
December 3rd, 1694.
John Ward, Esq., in the room of Hugh Bokenham, deceased.
William III.
| 1695. | |||
| T. Blofield, Esq. | Francis Gardiner, Esq. | ||
| July, 1698. | |||
| Robert Davy, Esq., Recorder | Thomas Blofield, Esq. | ||
| 1700. | |||
| Robert Davy, Esq. | Thos. Blofield, Esq. | ||
| Nov. 19th, 1701. | |||
| Edward Clarke, Esq. | 1142 | Peter Thacker, Esq. | 1041 |
| Robert Davy, Esq. | 1042 | Thomas Blofield, Esq. | 759 |
Mr. Sheriff Nall alone returned Mr. Clarke and Mr. Davy (the other sheriff dissenting), and after a scrutiny the House of Commons declared them duly elected, by deciding that the choice of the electors of any candidate, not being a freeman, renders him a free citizen or burgess to all intents and purposes.
Queen Anne.
| 1702. | |||
| Robert Davy, Esq. | 1318 | Edward Clarke, Esq. | 955 |
| Thos. Blofield, Esq. | 1260 | Charles Lord Paston | 933 |
| 1703. | |||
| Captain Thomas Palgrave vice Mr. Davy, deceased. | |||
| 1704. | |||
| Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1281 | Thomas Blofield, Esq. | 1136 |
| John Chambers, Esq. | 1267 | Capt. Thos. Palgrave | 1074 |
| May 19th, 1708. | |||
| Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1521 | Thos. Blofield, Esq. | 1189 |
| John Chambers, Esq. | 1412 | James Brogden, Esq. | 289 |
| Oct. 18th, 1710. | |||
| Robt. Bene, Esq., mayor | 1315 | Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1107 |
| R. Berney, Esq., steward | 1298 | S. Gardner, Esq., recor. | 1078 |
George I.
| Aug. or Sept. 1713. | |||
| Robert Bene, Esq. | 1282 | Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1141 |
| Richard Berney, Esq. | 1272 | Robert Britiffe, Esq. | 1170 |
| Feb. 2nd, 1715. | |||
| Walter Bacon, Esq. | 1662 | Robert Bene, Esq. | 1326 |
| Robert Britiffe, Esq. | 1652 | Richard Berney, Esq. | 1319 |
| April 3rd, 1722. | |||
| Waller Bacon, Esq. | Robert Britiffe, Esq. | ||
George II.
| Aug. 30th, 1727. | |||
| Robert Britiffe, Esq. | 1628 | Miles Branthwayt, Esq. | 1265 |
| Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1542 | Richard Berney, Esq. | 1188 |
| May 19th, 1734. | |||
| Horatio Walpole, Esq. | 1785 | Sir Ewd. Ward, Bart. | 1621 |
| Waller Bacon, Esq. | 1749 | Miles Branthwayt, Esq. | 1567 |
| February 19th, 1735. | |||
| In the room of W. Bacon, deceased, Thomas Vere, Esq. | 1820 | Miles Branthwayt, Esq. | 1486 |
| May 6th, 1741. | |||
| Horatio Walpole, Esq. | 1771 | William Clarke, Esq. | 829 |
| Thomas Vere, Esq. | 1621 | ||
| 1747. | |||
| Rt. Hon. Horatio Walpole | Rt. Hon. John Lord Hobart | ||
| April 15th, 1754. | |||
| Rt. Hon. Horatio Walpole | Rt. Hon. John Lord Hobart | ||
| Dec. 29th, 1755. | |||
| Lord Hobart having accepted the office of Comptroller of His Majesty’s Household, was re-elected. | |||
| June 25th, 1756. | |||
| Edward Bacon, Esq. vice H. Walpole, created Lord Walpole. | |||
| Dec. 8th, 1756. | |||
| Harbord Harbord, Esq. vice Lord Hobart, who succeeded his father as Earl of Buckinghamshire, September 22nd. | |||
| July 2nd, 1760. | |||
| Edward Bacon, Esq., having accepted the office of one of the Commissioners of Trade, was re-elected. | |||
George III.
| March 27th, 1761. | |||
| Harbord Harbord, Esq. | 1729 | Nockold Tompson, Esq. | 718 |
| Edward Bacon, Esq. | 1507 | Robert Harvey, Esq. | 499 |
| March 18th, 1768. | |||
| Harbord Harbord, Esq. | 1812 | Thomas Beevor, Esq. | 1136 |
| Edward Bacon, Esq. | 1596 | ||
| October, 1774. | |||
| Sir Harbord Harbord, Bart. | Edward Bacon, Esq. | ||
| September 11th, 1780. | |||
| Sir Harbord Harbord | 1382 | William Windham, Esq. | 1069 |
| Edward Bacon, Esq. | 1199 | John Thurlow, Esq. | 1103 |
| April 5th, 1784. | |||
| Sir Harbord Harbord | 2305 | Hon. Henry Hobart | 1233 |
| William Windham, Esq. | 1297 | ||
| September 15th and 16th, 1786. | |||
| Sir Harbord Harbord, Bart., called up to the House of Peers, being created Lord Suffield. | |||
| Hon. Henry Hobart | 1450 | Robert John Buxton, Esq. | 10 |
| Sir Thos. Beevor, Bart. | 1383 | ||
| A select committee of the House of Commons determined this to be a void election, March 9th, 1787. | |||
| March 15th, 1787. | |||
| Hon. Henry Hobart | 1393 | Sir Thos. Beevor Bart. | 1313 |
| June 8th, 1790. | |||
| Hon. Henry Hobart | 1492 | Sir Thos. Beevor, Bart. | 656 |
| William Windham, Esq. | 1361 | ||
| July 12th, 1794. | |||
| Mr. Windham having vacated his seat by accepting the office of Secretary at War. | |||
| Rt. Hon. W. Windham | 1236 | James Mingay, Esq. | 770 |
| May 25th, 1796. | |||
| Hon. Henry Hobart | 1622 | Bartlett Gurney, Esq. | 1076 |
| Rt. Hon. W. Windham | 1159 | ||
| May 27th, 1799. | |||
| In the room of Mr. Hobart deceased, John Frere, Esq. | 1345 | Robert Fellowes, Esq. | 1186 |
| July 5th, 1802. | |||
| Robert Fellowes, Esq. | 1532 | Rt. Hon. W. Windham | 1356 |
| William Smith, Esq. | 1439 | John Frere, Esq. | 1328 |
| November 3rd and 4th, 1806. | |||
| John Patteson, Esq. | 1733 | William Smith, Esq. | 1333 |
| Robert Fellowes, Esq. | 1370 | ||
| May 4th, 1807. | |||
| John Patteson, Esq. | 1474 | Robert Fellowes, Esq. | 546 |
| William Smith, Esq. | 1156 | ||
| October 7th, 1812. | |||
| William Smith, Esq. | 1544 | John Patteson, Esq. | 1221 |
| Charles Harvey, Esq. | 1349 | ||
| June 17th and 18th, 1818. | |||
| William Smith, Esq. | 2089 | Hon. Edward Harbord | 1475 |
| R. H. Gurney, Esq. | 2032 | ||
George IV.
| March 7th, 1820. | |
| William Smith, Esq. | R. H. Gurney, Esq. |
| June 9th, 1826. | |
| William Smith, Esq. | Jonathan Peel, Esq. |
William IV.
| July 29th and 30th, 1830. | |||
| R. H. Gurney, Esq. | 2363 | Jonathan Peel, Esq. | 1912 |
| Robert Grant, Esq. | 2279 | Sir Charles Ogle, Bart. | 1762 |
| November 30th, 1830. | |||
| The Rt. Hon. Robert Grant having accepted the office of Judge Advocate General, was re-elected. | |||
| April 29th and 30th, May 2nd and 3rd, 1831. | |||
| R. H. Gurney, Esq. | 2158 | Sir Charles Wetherell | 977 |
| Rt. Hon. Robt. Grant | 2163 | M. T. Sadler, Esq. | 964 |
This was the last election under the old law, before the passing of the Reform Bill.
Elections Under the Reform Act of 1832
Population 1831—61,110; 1861—74,891.
Electors 1832—4,238; 1864—5,506.
Polls.
| December, 1832. | |||
| Viscount Stormont (C.) | 2016 | R H. Gurney (L.) | 1809 |
| Sir James Scarlett (C.) | 1962 | C. H. B. Ker (L.) | 1765 |
| January, 1835. | |||
| Viscount Stormont (C.) | 1892 | Hon. E. V. Harbord (L.) | 1592 |
| Hon. R. C. Scarlett (C.) | 1878 | F. O. Martin (L.) | 1585 |
| August, 1837. | |||
| Hon. R. C. Scarlett (C.) | 1865 | Benjamin Smith (L.) | 1843 |
| Marquis of Douro (C.) | 1863 | Montford Nurse (L.) | 1831 |
Mr. Scarlett, having been petitioned against, retired, and there was another election.
| 1838. | Benjamin Smith (L.) | ||
| June, 1841. | |||
| Marquis of Douro (C.) | Benjamin Smith (L.) | ||
| August, 1847. | |||
| Saml. Morton Peto (L.) | 2448 | John H. Parry (L.) | 1572 |
| Marquis of Douro (L.C.) | 1727 | ||
| July, 1852. | |||
| Samuel M. Peto (L.) | 2190 | Marquis of Douro (C.) | 1592 |
| Edward Warner (L.) | 2145 | Lieut. Col. Dickson (C.) | 1465 |
On Sir M. Peto accepting the Chiltern Hundreds, there was another election.
| December, 1854. | |||
| Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1901 | Anthony Hamond (L.) | 1635 |
| Sir S. Bignold continued to sit as member till the next election. | |||
| March, 1857. | |||
| H. W. Schneider (L.) | 2247 | Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1636 |
| Viscount Bury (L.) | 2238 | ||
| April, 1859. | |||
| Viscount Bury (L.) | 2154 | Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1966 |
| H. W. Schneider (L.) | 2138 | C. M. Lushington (C.) | 1900 |
On Lord Bury being appointed Treasurer of the Household, an election took place.
| June, 1859. | |||
| Viscount Bury (L.) | 1922 | Sir S. Bignold (C.) | 1561 |
| Col. H. G. Boldero (C.) | 39 | ||
On petition, this election and the election of April, 1859, were declared void, and another took place in
| March, 1860. | |||
| Edward Warner (L.) | 2083 | W. Forlonge (C.) | 1636 |
| Sir Wm. Russell (L.) | 2045 | W. D. Lewis (C.) | 1631 |
In 1865, Sir Wm. Russell and E. Warner were again returned. The poll closed as follows:—
| Sir Wm. Russell (L.) | 1845 | Mr. Goldsmid (C.) | 1466 |
| Edward Warner (L.) | 1838 | Mr. Waters (C.) | 1393 |
First election under the New Reform Act Nov., 1868.
| Sir H. J. Stracey (C.) | 4521 | J. H. Tillett (L.) | 4364 |
| Sir Wm. Russell (L.) | 4509 | ||
On petition, Sir H. J. Stracey was, in January, 1869, unseated for bribery.
Chapter II — The Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich
A large parchment book in the Guildhall contains the names of all the mayors and sheriffs since 1403 when the first mayor was elected. The subjoined list has been verified by that official document, and is the most complete record ever published. We give also a few particulars as to the residences of some of the most distinguished of these civic dignitaries.
William Appleyard was the first mayor of Norwich, in 1403. He resided in an old flint building in Bridewell Alley, St. Andrew’s, which came afterwards into the hands of Thomas Cambridge, who, in 1454, conveyed it to John Paston, from whom it passed to the Hobarts, the Cursons, the Brownes, the Codds, and the Sothertons. It was afterwards used as a prison, and is now occupied by Mr. James Newbegin.
John Cambridge was elected to the office of mayor four times, in 1430, 1437, 1438, 1439. He resided in one of the old-fashioned houses on St. Andrew’s hill.
Roger Best, grocer, was elected mayor in 1467 and 1472. He occupied a house in King Street, near St. Ethelred’s church. Afterwards, in the same house, lived Sir Robert de Salle, who was killed by the rebels in Kett’s rebellion.
John Rightwise was elected mayor in 1501, and in 1504 was chosen to represent the city in parliament. In 1513 he was again elected mayor. He lived in the house in London Street now occupied by Mr. Boulton, the ironmonger. During his mayoralty he rebuilt the Market Cross, which formerly stood in the Market Place. The cross contained an oratory inside. At the time of the Commonwealth it was assigned to dealers in leather, but was entirely demolished in 1732.
William Ramsey was sheriff in 1498, and mayor in 1502, and again in 1508. He built a portion of St. Michael at Coslany Church, and his tomb is on the north side with a merchant’s mark, and the initials “W. R.” on it.
John Clarke, mayor in 1515 and 1520, resided in a house on St. Andrew’s hill, occupied in 1561 by Mr. Suckling, merchant, and sheriff of Norwich. The Suckling arms and many curious carvings are still to be seen on the gateway.
Robert Jannys, whose portrait is in the Guildhall, was mayor in 1517 and 1524.
Robert Browne, mayor in 1522, had his coat of arms painted on the window of the Guildhall.
Augustine Steward was elected mayor in 1534, and represented the city in parliament in 1541. He also served as mayor in 1546 and 1556. He lived in a house on Tombland. His portrait was placed in the Guildhall.
William Layer, mayor in 1537, occupied one of the large houses on the north side of St. Andrew’s Street.
Heny Bacon, grocer, was mayor in 1557 and 1566, and lived in a flint house at the east end of the church of St. George’s Colegate; his mark and initials are over the door. Fifty years ago, a large room on the first floor was lined with fine oak panelling, and the chimney piece was elaborately carved. These curiosities were removed to the mansion of G. Kett Tompson, Esq., of Witchingham. The building is now a boot and shoe warehouse.
Mr. Codd was mayor of Norwich in the year of Kett’s rebellion. He took an active part in suppressing the rebellion, and at his death bequeathed a large sum of money to the hospital in St. Helen’s, where so many old men have found an asylum. He was buried in the nave of the church of St. Peter’s per Mountergate, and the heads of his will are read in the church annually on the Sunday before St. Thomas’ Day.
William Mingay, mayor in 1561, entertained the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk, and the Earls of Huntingdon and Northumberland, with many of the nobility and gentry, at a grand banquet in St. Andrew’s Hall, which, in subsequent years, was the scene of many mayors’ feasts.
Alexander Thurston was mayor in 1600, and M.P. for Norwich in 1601. He lived in a large old-fashioned house in St. Clement’s churchyard, formerly occupied by the priors of Ixworth. Some carved work in the house exhibits the initials “A. T.” and the arms of Hester Aldrich, his wife. In the adjoining house lived John Aldrich, grocer, who took an active part in suppressing Kett’s rebellion.
John Pettus, mayor in 1608, was afterwards knighted. The house at the north-west corner of St. Simon’s churchyard was long the residence of the Pettus family. The date 1608 is on the door with the arms of Pettus in one spandrel and his wife’s on the other. His monument is in St. Simon’s church.
Thomas Anguish, mayor in 1611, lived in a house at the north end of Tombland. In a court there, on an old door, is the date 1594 with the initials of himself and his wife, T. E. A. He founded the Boys’ Hospital School in St. Edmund’s. He bequeathed a house and estate in Fishgate Street to the corporation for the use and endowment of a hospital, or a convenient place for keeping, bringing up, and teaching very poor children born in the city.
Mr. John Harvey, manufacturer in 1709, was sheriff in 1720, alderman in 1722, and mayor in 1727. He died on September 28th, 1742, and was buried in the family vault, which now contains about forty leaden coffins, in the church of St. Clement’s. The family held an estate in that parish for more than a century. Some of their portraits adorn the walls of St. Andrew’s Hall.
John Patteson, mayor in 1788 and M.P. in 1806–7, resided in a house on the right-hand side of a court adjoining the Crown and Angel in St. Stephen’s Street; afterwards he resided in Surrey Street.
A List of the Mayors, Sheriffs, etc. From the Year 1403 to 1869
| MAYORS. | SHERIFFS. | |
| 1403. | Wm. Appleyard | Robert Brasier, John Daniel |
| 1404. | Wm. Appleyard | Sampson Baxter, John Skye |
| 1405. | Wm. Appleyard | Jhn. Harleston, Rich. Spurdaunce |
| 1406. | Walter Daniel | Edmund Warner, Richard Drue |
| 1407. | John Daniel | Tho. Garrard, John Warlich |
| 1408. | Edmund Warner | Thomas Parlet, John Bixley |
| 1409. | Walter Daniel | Walter Monslee, John Mannyng |
| 1410. | Robert Brasier | John Shotesham, Jeffrey Audley |
| 1411. | Wm. Appleyard | Richard White, Jhn. Crownthorpe |
| 1412. | Wm. Appleyard | John Leverich, John Wake |
| 1413. | Richard Drue | Wm. Sedeman, Robert Suffield |
| 1414. | John Bixley | Thos. Cock, Henry Raffman |
| 1415. | John Mannyng | Richard Moneslee, Thos. Ocle |
| 1416. | Henry Raffman | John Asgar, John Mitchel |
| 1417. | John Daniel | Wm. Roose, Henry Jakys |
| 1418. | Wm. Appleyard | Robert Baxter, John Cambridge |
| 1419. | Walter Daniel | Henry Pykynge, John Shotesham |
| 1420. | Rich. Spurdaunce | Thos. Ingham, Robert Asgar |
| 1421. | William Sedeman | Wm. Nyche, Simon Cooke |
| 1422. | John Mannyng | John Gerrard, Tho. Daniel |
| 1423. | Walter Daniel | John Wright, John Hodgekins |
| 1424. | Robert Baxter | William Grey, Peter Brasier |
| 1425. | Thomas Ingham | Tho. Wetherby, Robert Chapelyn |
| 1426. | John Asgar | John Copping, John Gleder |
| 1427. | Tho. Wetherby | John Welby, Richard Steynes |
| 1428. | Richard Mozeley | John Alderford, Gregory Draper |
| 1429. | Robert Baxter | William Isleham, John Sipater |
| 1430. | John Cambridge | Robert Toppys, John Penning |
| 1431. | Thomas Ingham | William Ashwell, Tho. Grafton |
| 1432. | Thos. Wetherby | John Dunnyng, Augustine Bang |
| 1433. | Rich. Spurdaunce | R. Londesdale, Wm. Hempstede |
| 1434. | John Gerard | Roger Booton, Thomas Ball |
| 1435. | Robert Toppys | Edmund Bretton, Peter Roper |
| 1436. | Robert Chapelyn | Richard Braser, Chr. Crumpe, to March 1st. Walter Eaton, John Lynford, by the king’s writ. |
| 1437. | John Cambridge | Simon Walsoken, Clement Rayshe |
| The Liberties Seized. | ||
| John Welles, Warden, acted single to March the 1st, and then appointed the mayor to act under him. | ||
| 1438. | J. Welles, Warden J. Cambridge, Mayor | |
| 1439. | J. Welles, Warden J. Cambridge, Mayor | Walter Eaton, John Lynford, to July 17th. Simon Walsoken, Clement Rayshe the rest of the year. |
| The Liberties Restored. | ||
| 1440. | Robert Toppys | John Brosyerd, John Spicer |
| 1441. | Wm. Ashwell | John Gosleyn, Henry Sturmyn |
| 1442. | Wm. Hempstede | Thos. Alleyn, Ralph Segryme, to March 18th. |
| The Liberties Seized. | ||
| Sir J. Clifton, Gov. | ||
| 1443. | Sir J. Clifton, Gov. | John Intwood, Robert Alleyn |
| 1444. | Sir J. Clifton, Gov. | John Intwood, Robert Alleyn |
| 1445. | Sir J. Clifton, Gov. | John Intwood, Robert Alleyn |
| 1446. | Sir J. Clifton, Gov. to April 20th. T. Catworth, War. | John Intwood, Robert Alleyn |
| 1447. | T. Catworth, Warden to Dec. 1st. | John Intwood, Robert Alleyn, to December 1st. |
| The Liberties Restored. | ||
| 1448. | Wm. Hempstede | Thos. Alleyn, Ralph Segryme |
| 1448. | Wm. Ashwell | Robert Furbusher, John Wighton |
| 1449. | Gregory Draper | Richard Brown, John Drolle |
| 1450. | Thomas Alleyn | John Chittock, Robert Machone |
| 1451. | Ralph Segryme | William Barley, John Gilbert |
| 1452. | Robert Toppys | Thomas Ellis, Robert Syrede |
| 1453. | John Drolle | Edward Cutler, John Clarke |
| 1454. | Richard Brown | Richard Bear, Jeffery Quinch |
| 1455. | Gregory Draper | William Norwich, John Albone |
| 1456. | Richard Brasier | Thomas Bokenham, John Butt |
| 1457. | John Chittock | Jeffery Joye, John Hunworth |
| 1458. | Robert Toppys | Thos. Owdolfe, William Reyner |
| 1459. | John Gilbert | Walter Godfrey, Edm. Coleman |
| 1460. | Thomas Ellis | Roger Best, John Aubery |
| 1461. | William Norwich | John Northal, John Cook |
| 1462. | John Butte | John Burton, Richard Hoste |
| 1463. | Richard Brasier | Henry Spencer, William Willis |
| 1464. | John Gilbert | William Swaine, Robert Portland |
| 1465. | Thomas Ellis | Walter Thornfield, Rich. Daniel |
| 1466. | John Chittock | John Rose, John Beccles |
| 1467. | Roger Best | John Laws, Robert Hickling |
| 1468. | Walter Thornfield | Richard Ferrour, Thomas Veyle |
| 1469. | John Aubery | Thos. Bokenham, Wm. Pepper |
| 1470. | Edward Cutler | John Harvey, Henry Owdolfe |
| 1471. | John Butt | John Wellys, Robert Aylmer |
| 1472. | Roger Best | Edmund Staley, Thomas Storme |
| 1473. | Richard Ferrour | John Cocke, William London |
| 1474. | Thomas Ellis | James Goldbeater, John Burghe |
| 1475. | William Swaine | Thos. Cambridge, Robt. Lounde |
| 1476. | John Wellys | Hammond Claxton, Robt. Cooke |
| 1477. | Robert Portland | Gregory Clarke, Phillip Curson |
| 1478. | Rich. Ferrour | Robert Osborne, Thos. Bewfield |
| 1479. | Thos. Bokenham | Robert Wellys, Thos. Phillips |
| 1480. | John Aubery | Robert Gardiner, Thos. Woorts |
| 1481. | Robert Aylmer | Robert Belton, John Denton |
| 1482. | William London | Richard Ballys, Ralph Est |
| 1483. | Rich. Ferrour | William Rose, William Ferrour |
| 1484. | John Cook | John Ebbs, William Curtis |
| 1485. | Ham. Claxton | John Tills, John Swaine |
| 1486. | J. Aubery, died T. Bokenham | Thomas Wilkins, John Jowelle |
| 1487. | John Wellys | John Pyncheamore, John Caster |
| 1488. | Thomas Bewfield | John Rede, Richard Howard |
| 1489. | Richard Ballys | Thomas Caus, Nicholas Davie |
| 1490. | Robert Gardiner | Nicholas Cowlitch, Wm. Gogeoa |
| 1491. | William London | Stephen Bryan, John Cooke |
| 1492. | Robert Aylmer | John Warnes, John Rightwise |
| 1493. | Richard Ferrour | Robert Long, Bartholomew King |
| 1494. | Stephen Bryan | John Horsley, Robert Burghe |
| 1495. | J. Wellys, died T. Caus | Richard Brasier, Robert Best |
| 1496. | John Rede | John Francis, John Pethood |
| 1497. | Nicholas Cowlitch | Gregory Clarke, Thomas Aldrich |
| 1498. | Richard Ferrour | William Ramsey, Thos. Henning |
| 1499. | Robt. Gardiner | J. Randolph, R. Pyncheamore |
| 1500. | John Warnes | Jefferey Steward, John Crome |
| 1501. | John Rightwise | Richard Aylmer, William Drake |
| 1502. | William Ramsey | Simon Rede, John Smith |
| 1503. | Thomas Caus | Thomas Warnes, Thomas Gaunt |
| 1504. | Robert Burghe | W. Hart, J. Hendry d., J. Walters |
| 1505. | Gregory Clarke | Thomas Large, William Godfrey |
| 1506. | Robt. Gardiner | Thomas Clarke, John Swaine |
| 1507. | Thomas Aldrich | John Clarke, William Ferrour |
| 1508. | Wm. Ramsey | Edward Rede, Robert Brown |
| 1509. | Robert Long | Henry Attemere, Robert Jannys |
| 1510. | Richard Brasier | John Marsham, Ralph Wilkins |
| 1511. | Richard Aylmer | Robert Pell, John Stalone |
| 1512. | William Hart | Stephen Stalone, Rich. Corpesty |
| 1513. | John Rightwise | John Busting, Thomas Pickerel |
| 1514. | Gregory Clarke | Henry Scholehouse, John Terry |
| 1515. | John Clarke | R. Barker, died, R. Ferrour, died, Wm. Boone, Thos. Wilkins |
| 1516. | Thos. Aldrich | Thomas Bauberg, Gregory Caus |
| 1517. | Robert Jannys | Robert Green, Thomas Cory |
| 1518. | John Marsham | Robt. Hemming, Ham. Linstead |
| 1519. | William Hart | John Brown, Barth. Springal |
| 1520. | John Clarke | Nicholas Sywhat, John Westgate |
| 1521. | Edward Rede | Thomas Moore, Robert Hall |
| 1522. | Robert Brown | William Russel, John Watts |
| 1523. | John Terry | Reg. Littleprow, Wm. Norfolk |
| 1524. | Robert Jannys | S. Raynbow, W. Crane, died., H. Salter |
| 1525. | Thomas Pickerel | Robert Leech, John Swaine |
| 1526. | Robert Ferrour | Augustine Steward, W. Layer |
| 1527. | Ralph Wilkins | Thomas Grewe, John Clarke |
| 1528. | William Boone | Thomas Crank, Henry Fuller |
| 1529. | Robert Green | John Curat, John Corbet |
| 1530. | Thomas Bauburgh | Thos. Necton, Nicholas Sotherton |
| 1531. | Edward Rede | Richard Catlyn, Wm. Rogers |
| 1532. | Reg. Littleprow | John Groote, William Haste |
| 1533. | Thos. Pickerel | Adam Lawes, Roger Cooper |
| 1534. | Augustine Steward | William Lynn, Thos. Greenwood |
| 1535. | Nicholas Sywhat | Robert Brown, Henry Crook |
| 1536. | Robt. Ferrour | Edmund Wood, Thos. Thetford |
| 1537. | William Layer | Robert Rugge, Robert Palmer |
| 1538. | Thos. Pickerel | Nich. Osborn, John Humberston |
| 1539. | Nich. Sotherton | J. Marsham, T. Walter, J. Trace |
| 1540. | Thomas Grewe | Thomas Codd, John Spencer |
| 1541. | Robert Leech | John Quash, Felix Puttock |
| 1542. | William Rogers | Thomas Cocke, Richard Davy |
| 1543. | Edward Rede | R. Lee, W. Morant, T. Marsham |
| 1544. | Henry Fuller | Edmund Warren, Robt. Marlyng |
| 1545. | Robert Rugge | Richard Suckling, Robert Lyng |
| 1546. | August Steward | Robert Mitchell, Bernard Utber |
| 1547. | Robert Leech | Thomas Dowsing, William Hede |
| 1548. | Edm. Wood, died William Rogers | Henry Bacon, John Atkins |
| 1549. | Thomas Codde | Richard Fletcher, Wm. Ferrour |
| 1550. | Robert Rugge | Thomas Morley, John Walters |
| 1551. | Richard Davy | John Aldrich, Thomas Grey |
| 1552. | Thomas Cocke | Robert Norman, John Bungay |
| 1553. | Henry Crooke | Nicholas Norgate, John Howes |
| 1554. | Thomas Marsham | Thomas Malbye, Wm. Mingay |
| 1555. | Felix Puttock, died Thomas Codd | Thomas Greene, John Bloome |
| 1556. | August. Steward | Thos. Sotherton, Leon. Sotherton |
| 1557. | Henry Bacon | E. Woolsey, T. Lynn, J. Benjamin |
| 1558. | John Aldrich | Thomas Parker, Andrew Quash |
| 1559. | Richard Fletcher | Thos. Cully, Thos. Tesmond |
| 1560. | Robert Mychell | Thomas Whale, Richard Hede |
| 1561. | William Mingay | Robert Wood, Thomas Pecke |
| 1562. | William Farrour | Thos. Farrour, Thos. Beamond |
| 1563 | Richard Davy | Christopher Some, Ellis Bate |
| 1564. | Nicholas Norgate | Robert Suckling, John Gibbs |
| 1565. | Thomas Sotherton | John Sotherton, Thomas Winter |
| 1566. | Henry Bacon | Thomas Pettus, John Suckling |
| 1567. | Thomas Whall | John Worsley, Thomas Layer |
| 1568. | Thomas Parker | John Rede, Simon Bowde |
| 1569. | Robert Wood | Christopher Layer, Richard Bate |
| 1570. | John Aldrich | Thos. Gleane, Robert Gostling |
| 1571. | Thomas Green | Henry Greenwood, Edward Pye |
| 1572. | Robert Suckling | Nich. Sotherton, Francis Rugge |
| 1573. | Thomas Pecke | George Bowgeon, Thos. Stokes |
| 1574. | Christopher Some | Nicholas Baker, Thomas Gooch |
| 1575. | William Farrour | Richard Baker, Clement Hyrne |
| 1576. | Thomas Layer | Cut. Brereton, Francis Morley |
| 1577. | Thomas Cully | Rich. Howes, Rich. Bange |
| 1578. | Sir R. Wood, Kt. | John Elwin, Thomas Secker |
| 1579. | Simon Bowde | Robert Davy, John Pye |
| 1580. | Chris. Some | Laur. Wood, Nich. Bradford |
| 1581. | Christopher Layer | Rich. Ferrour, Thomas Pye |
| 1582. | Robert Suckling | Robt. Yarham, John Wilkinson |
| 1583. | Thomas Gleane | Henry Pye, Ed. Johnson |
| 1584. | John Suckling | Laur. Watts, Titus Norris |
| 1585. | Thomas Layer | Roger Weld, John Tesmond |
| 1586. | Thomas Pecke | Henry Davy, Joshua Cully |
| 1587. | Francis Rugge | Alex. Thurston, Greg. Houlton |
| 1588. | Simon Bowde | Robt. Rooke, Wm. Ramsey |
| 1589. | Chris. Layer | Randolph Smith, John Sylver |
| 1590. | Thomas Pettus | Robert Hall, Wm. Peters |
| 1591. | Robert Yarham | Nich. Layer, Thos. Lane |
| 1592. | Thomas Gleane | Thos. Sotherton, Roger Ramsey |
| 1593. | Clement Hyrne | Robt. Blackburne, Aug. Whall |
| 1594. | Chris. Some | Rich. Tolye, Wm. Johnson |
| 1595. | Thomas Layer | E. Browne, died, R. Sadler, R. Gaywood |
| 1596. | Richard Farrour | Thos. Anguish, Robt. Gybson |
| 1597. | Thomas Pye | Thos. Hyrne, Peter Barker |
| 1598. | Francis Rugge | J. Pettus, George Downing |
| 1599. | Roger Weld | Robt. Garshead, Henry Galliard |
| 1600 | Alex. Thurstone | Thos. Pettus, Robt. Debney |
| 1601. | John Tesmond | J. Chapman, Spencer Peterson |
| 1602. | T. Gleane, died Francis Rugge | John Mingay, William Drake |
| 1603. | Thomas Lane | Edward Nutting, John Symonds |
| 1604. | Thomas Hyrne | George Birch, George Cocke |
| 1605. | Thomas Sotherton | Michael Aldrich, Fras. Smallpiece |
| 1605. | Joshua Culley | Thomas Blosse, John Shovell |
| 1607. | George Downing | Robert Craske, James Allen |
| 1608. | Sir Jn. Pettus, Knt. | Robert Hornsey, Henry Fawcett |
| 1609. | Sir T. Hyrne, Knt. | Bassingbourn Throckmorton, Thomas Doughty |
| 1610. | Roger Ramsey | Peter Gleane, Richard Goldman |
| 1611. | Thomas Anguish | Richard Rosse, Simon Davy |
| 1612. | Thomas Blosse | William Bussey, John Norris |
| 1613. | George Cocke | Lionel Claxton, Michael Parker |
| 1614. | Thomas Pettus | Thos. Spendlove, Matt. Peckover |
| 1615. | Peter Gleane | Christopher Baret, Francis Cocke |
| 1616. | Sir T. Hyrne, Knt. | William Brown, Thomas Cory |
| 1617. | John Mingay | Alex. Anguish, Edmund Cocke |
| 1618. | Richard Rosse | John Anguish, John Ward |
| 1619. | Roger Gaywood | Nat. Remington, Lucian Laws |
| 1620. | Richard Tooley | Thomas Shipdam, Thomas Baker |
| 1621. | George Birch | John Ramsey, John Lyng |
| 1622. | Francis Smallpiece | Nicholas Emms, Robert Sumpter |
| 1623. | Robert Craske | William Green, Robert Sedgewick |
| 1624. | Robert Debney | John Loveland, Robert Powle |
| 1625. | Michael Parker | Niclas. Osborn, Step. Leverington |
| 1626. | Bassingbourn Throckmorton | Augustine Scottow, Rich. Harman |
| 1627. | Francis Cocke | Henry Lane, Thomas Atkins |
| 1628. | Thomas Cory | William Symonds, John Daniel |
| 1629. | Alexander Anguish | John Thacker, William Gostlin |
| 1630. | William Browne | John Tooley, Robert Palgrave |
| 1631. | Thomas Shipdam | Robert Tompson, Thos. Carver |
| 1632. | Robert Hornsey | Edm. Burman, Adrian Parmenter |
| 1633. | William Bussey | Richard Ward, Richard Keepis |
| 1634. | Christopher Baret | Samuel Puckle, Matt. Peckover |
| 1635. | John Anguish | Thomas Barber, John Croshold |
| 1636. | Thomas Baker | John Freeman, John Utting |
| 1637. | Robert Sumpter | John Lombe, Matthew Sotherton |
| 1638. | John Tooley | Livewell Sherwood, John Gray |
| 1639. | Richard Harman | Henry Watts, John Salter |
| 1640. | Henry Lane | John Osborne, John Dethick |
| 1641. | Thomas Carver, d. Adrian Parmenter | Matthew Lindsey, Robert Baron |
| 1642. | W. Gostlin, impris. A. Parmenter, deputy | John Greenwood, John Rayley |
| 1643. | John Thacker | Thomas Toft, Richard Bateman |
| 1644. | John Tooley | Thomas Baret, Bernard Church |
| 1645. | Matthew Peckover | John Cory, William Rye |
| 1646. | Henry Watts | Richard Wenman, Robt. Holmes |
| 1647. | J. Utting, impris. Christ. Baret, deputy | Thomas Ashwell, William Davy |
| 1648 | Edmund Burman | William Barnham, Robert Allen |
| 1649. | Robert Baron died, John Rayley | A. Peckover died, S. Brewster, John Mann |
| 1650. | Matt. Lindsey died, Thomas Baret | William Tuck, Nehemiah Bond |
| 1651. | Bernard Church | Thomas Johnson, John Knights |
| 1652. | William Barnham | Clement Parnell, Roger Whistler |
| 1653. | John Mann | Christopher Jay, Roger Mingay |
| 1654. | Thomas Toft | John Andrews, Joseph Paine |
| 1655. | John Salter | Henry Wood, Richard Coldham |
| 1656. | Samuel Puckle | Robert Powle, James Long |
| 1657. | Christopher Jay | Robert Gooch, William Heyward |
| 1658. | Roger Mingay | Roger Hawes, Matthew Marcon |
| 1659. | William Davy | Thomas Wisse, John Lawrence |
| 1660. | Sir Jos. Paine, Knt. | E. Browne died, Aug. Briggs, George Steward |
| 1661. | John Osborne | Henry Sidnor, Henry Herne |
| 1662. | Richard Wenman | John Manser, George Mirris |
| 1663. | John Croshold | Robert Bendish, Thomas Thacker |
| 1664. | William Heyward | Hy. Watts, jun., Thos. Chickering |
| 1665. | Matthew Marcon | James Denew, F. Norris died, John Richer |
| 1666. | Henry Wood | Henry Crowe, John Wigget |
| 1667. | Thomas Wisse | Rich. Wenman, Jehosaphat Davy |
| 1668. | Roger Hawes | Isaac Decele, Rowland Cockey |
| 1669. | John Lawrence | John Wrench, Mark Cockey |
| 1670. | Augustine Briggs | William Crowe, Adrian Paine |
| 1671. | Thomas Thacker | Daniel Palmer died, John Lowe, John Toll died, Peter Wigget |
| 1672. | Robert Bendish | John Leverington, R. Clayton died, R. Freeman |
| 1673. | Henry Herne | John Dersley, Hugh Bokenham |
| 1674. | Henry Watts, jun. | Robert Cooke, Thomas Cooke |
| 1675. | John Manser | William Drake, John Todd |
| 1676. | Thomas Chickering | William Helwys, Wm. Permenter |
| 1677. | John Richer | Jeremiah Vynne, Nich. Helwys |
| 1678. | Jehosaphat Davy | Henry Brady, Simon Wissiter |
| 1679. | Henry Crowe | James Brogden, Thomas Seaman |
| 1680. | Robert Freeman | Leonard Osborn, Fras. Gardiner |
| 1681. | Hugh Bokenham | John Westhorp, William Salter |
| 1682. | John Lowe | Philip Stebbing, Laur. Goodwin |
| 1683. | William Helwys | John Lowe, Samuel Warkehouse |
| 1684. | Nicholas Helwys | Nicholas Morley, Mic. Beverley |
| 1685. | Francis Gardiner | Thomas Blofeld, Augustine Briggs |
| 1686. | William Salter | William Guybon, Rich. Brogden |
| 1687. | Philip Stebbing | Nic. Bickerdyde, disp., Tim. Wenn, John Ward |
| 1688. | John Wrench | Thomas Postle, John Atkinson |
| 1689. | Thomas Cook | John Yallop, John Drake |
| 1690. | Jeremiah Vynne | John Albrew, Thomas Turner |
| 1691. | Thomas Blofeld | John Freeman, Roger Salter |
| 1692. | Michael Beverley | Gamaliel Sugden, Peter Thacker |
| 1693. | Robert Cook | Edward Clark, John Hall |
| 1694. | John Ward | Christopher Stallon, Robert Bene |
| 1695. | Augustine Briggs | Samuel Moulton, Richard Pitcher |
| 1696. | Nich. Bickerdyke | William Blithe, Christopher Gibbs |
| 1697. | Laurence Goodwin | John Cook, Augustine Metcalfe |
| 1698. | Saml. Warkehouse | George Gynn, William Cook |
| 1699. | Thomas Turner | Peter Seaman, Thomas Palgrave |
| 1700. | Edward Clarke | John Covel, Thomas Dunch |
| 1701. | John Hall | Matthew Nall, Thomas Havers |
| 1702. | John Atkinson | Nicholas Helwys, John Goose |
| 1703. | John Freeman | Edward Bayspool, Wm. Cockman |
| 1704. | William Blithe | John Riseborough, Ben. Austin |
| 1705. | Peter Thacker | William Brereton, John Norman |
| 1706. | William Cooke | Peter Attlesey, Anthy. Parmenter |
| 1707. | Peter Seaman | Robert Chickering, James Daniel |
| 1708. | Thomas Havers | Thomas Monsey, William Rogers |
| 1709. | Matthew Nall | George Vertue, Thomas Bubbin |
| 1710. | Robert Bene | Henry Shardelow, George Gobbet |
| 1711. | William Cockman | Anthony Ransom, Rich. Manby |
| 1712. | John Goose | Joseph Wasey, Jehosaphat Postle |
| 1713. | Nicholas Helwys | Thomas Vere, Thomas Harwood |
| 1714. | John Norman | Joseph Burton, Richard Lubbock |
| 1715. | Peter Attlesey | Jacob Robins, Samuel Freemoult |
| 1716. | Augustine Metcalfe | Thomas Newton, Richard Mott |
| 1717. | Rich. Lubbock d., Thos Bubbin died, Anthony Parmenter | Edmund Hunton, Edw. Colebourn |
| 1718. | Richard Mott | Benjamin Nuthall, J. Osborn died, D. Meadows |
| 1719. | John Hall | Daniel Fromanteel, Robert Marsh |
| 1720. | Edward Coleburn | John Croshold, John Harvey |
| 1721. | Benjamin Nuthall | Thos. Harmer, Tim. Balderstone |
| 1722. | Thomas Newton | John Pell, Nathaniel Paul |
| 1723. | Edmund Hunton | Francis Arnam, T. Tawell died, J. Custance |
| 1724. | John Croshold | John Black, Philip Meadows |
| 1725. | Daniel Fromanteel | William Clarke, John Langley |
| 1726. | John Custance | Jeremiah Ives, Abraham Yestis |
| 1727. | John Harvey | S. Morgan died, W. Pearce, Robert Harvey |
| 1728. | Thomas Harwood | John Press, John Spurrell |
| 1729. | John Black | Thomas Maltby, Edward King |
| 1730. | John Pell | S. Eakins died, J. Nuthall, Samuel Lillington |
| 1731. | Robert Marsh | Robert Blyford, Joseph Brittan |
| 1732. | Francis Arnam | Jn. Brown, Barthmw. Balderstone |
| 1733. | Jeremiah Ives | John Fromow, John Simpson |
| 1734. | Philip Meadows | Robert Stileman, James Nasmith |
| 1735. | Thomas Vere | Richard Humphry, Wm. Wigget |
| 1736. | Tim. Balderstone | Thomas Johnson, Simeon Waller |
| 1737. | John Spurrell | Charles Maltby, Nathaniel Roe |
| 1738. | Robert Harvey | James Barnham, John Black |
| 1739. | William Clarke | Abraham Larwood, H. S. Patteson |
| 1740. | John Nuthall | Charles Lay died, Thos. Harvey John Wood |
| 1741. | Edward King | John Calver, William Crowe |
| 1742. | William Wiggett | William Greenaway, Thos. Wigg |
| 1743. | James Nasmith | Thomas Ward, Robert Rogers |
| 1744. | John Black | Benjamin Lewis, Edmund Hooke |
| 1745. | Simeon Waller | Joseph Hammont, James Smith |
| 1746. | John Wood | Jos. Hammont, jun., John Gay |
| 1747. | William Crowe | Charles Wace, Philip Stannard |
| 1748. | Thomas Harvey | John Dyball, Jeremiah Ives |
| 1749. | Benjamin Nuthall | Wm. Woolbright, Thos. Hurnard |
| 1750. | John Custance | John Smith, John Cooper |
| 1751. | Tim. Balderstone | John Goodman, Peter Colombine |
| 1752. | Thomas Hurnard | John Tompson, Samuel Harvey |
| 1753. | John Press | Nockold Tompson, J. Fromow died, P. Fromow |
| 1754. | John Gay | Charles Weston, Isaac Lillington |
| 1755. | Peter Colombine | Isaac Houghton, John Simpson |
| 1756. | Jeremiah Ives | Ralph Smith, John Scott |
| 1757. | John Goodman | Wm. Lovick, Thos. Churchman |
| 1758. | Robert Rogers | Barth. Harwood, Daniel Ganning |
| 1759. | Nockold Tompson | Mark Addey, John Dersley |
| 1760. | Barth. Harwood | Chas. Fearman, Jermy Harcourt |
| 1761. | Sir T. Churchman, Kt. | John Patteson, Ben. Hancock |
| 1762. | Jermy Harcourt | William Cady, John Day |
| 1763. | Ben. Hancock | J. Adcock died, J. Ives, jun., James Poole |
| 1764. | John Dersley | Robert Brettingham, John Aldred |
| 1765. | James Poole | Robert Barrett, Thomas Starling |
| 1766. | John Patteson | Robert Harvey, jun., John Addey |
| 1767. | Thomas Starling | Nathaniel Roe, John Ives |
| 1768. | John Day | Charles Codd, Knipe Gobbett |
| 1769. | Jeremiah Ives, jun. | Hewett Rand, Francis Colombine |
| 1770. | Rob. Harvey, jun. | Thomas Ives, James Fisher |
| 1771. | Knipe Gobbett | John L. Watts, James Crowe |
| 1772. | Charles Weston | Richard Peete, David Colombine |
| 1773. | John Addey | R. Matthews died, B. Day, Timothy Matthews |
| 1774. | John L. Watts, d. James Crow | John Thurlow, Roger Kerrison |
| 1775. | Richard Peete | Andrew Chamber, Starling Day |
| 1776. | Francis Colombine | Thos. Troughton, John Bringloe |
| 1777. | Nathaniel Roe | Richard Rust, Thomas Nasmith |
| 1778. | Roger Kerrison | Thos. Primrose, Richard Clarke |
| 1779. | John Thurlow | John Morse, J. Ives Harvey |
| 1780. | Benjamin Day | Andrew Sieley, Robert Partridge |
| 1781. | John Morse | Elias Norgate, Thomas Colman |
| 1782. | Starling Day | Thomas Day, Jeremiah Ives, jun. |
| 1783. | J. Ives Harvey | Gilbert Brownsmith, John Day |
| 1784. | Robert Partridge | Robt. Harvey, jun., John Harvey |
| 1785. | Elias Norgate | T. Emerson, d. C. Weston, jun., John Patteson |
| 1786. | Jeremiah Ives, jun. | William Herring, John Herring |
| 1787. | Robt Harvey, jun. | John Buckle, Thomas Watson |
| 1788. | John Patteson | John Woodrow, James Hudson |
| 1789. | Chas. Weston, jun. | Star. Day, jun., John G. Baseley |
| 1790. | Thomas Watson | William Cutting, John Tuthill |
| 1791. | John G. Baseley | Robert Herring, W. Wilcocks |
| 1792. | John Harvey | John Robinson, James Chase |
| 1793. | John Buckle | John Wells, Charles Reynolds |
| 1794. | James Hudson | John Browne, John Ives |
| 1795. | Jeremiah Ives | Ed. Colman, Peter Chamberlin |
| 1796. | William Herring | John Reynolds, Edmund Reeve |
| 1797. | James Crowe | Hewett Rand, John Stoddart |
| 1798. | John Browne | Thos. Tawell, Thos. A. Kerrison |
| 1799. | John Herring | William Stevenson, John H. Cole |
| 1800. | Robert Harvey | James Hardy, Jonathan Davey |
| 1801. | Jeremiah Ives, jun. | Thos. Back, jun., Robert Ward |
| 1802. | Sir R. Kerrison, Kt. | William Black, James Marsh |
| 1803. | John Morse | Edward Rigby, Joseph Clarke |
| 1804. | James Marsh | John Wright, Barnabas Leman |
| 1805. | Edward Rigby | John Oxley, John H. Yallop |
| 1806. | Thos. A. Kerrison | William Matthews, John Ansell |
| 1807. | Robert Herring | John W. Robberds, Joseph Scott |
| 1808. | Starling Day, jun. | John Steward, Joseph Fitch |
| 1809. | Thomas Back, jun. | James Wade, Phillip Jas. Knights |
| 1810. | John Steward | Francis Morse, Thos. Troughton |
| 1811. | John H. Cole | John S. Patteson, William Hankes |
| 1812. | Starling Day | John Ownsworth, Mar. Fountain |
| 1813. | Barnabas Leman | John Aldis, Christopher Higgin |
| 1814. | John W. Robberds | Crisp Brown, William Burt |
| 1815. | John H. Yallop | Thomas Thurtell, William Foster |
| 1816. | William Hankes | Nath. Bolingbroke, W. Willement |
| 1817. | Crisp Brown | William Burrows, John Lovick |
| 1818. | Barnabas Leman | William Rackham, Richard Shaw |
| 1819. | Nath. Bolingbroke | Robert Hawkes, Edward Taylor |
| 1820. | William Burt | Henry Francis, Edward T. Booth |
| 1821. | Wm. Rackham | Jerem. Graves, Jos. Gibson, jun. |
| 1822. | Robert Hawkes | Thos. Star. Day, Arthur Beloe |
| 1823. | John S. Patteson | Hammond Fisk, William Moore |
| 1824. | Henry Francis | John Angell, Charles Turner |
| 1825. | Thos. Star. Day | Peter Finch, James Brooks |
| 1826. | Edw. Tem. Booth | John Herring, James Bennett |
| 1827. | Peter Finch | J. P. Cocksedge, T. O. Springfield |
| 1828. | Thomas Thurtell | Seth. Wm. Stevenson, Geo. Grout |
| 1829. | T. O. Springfield | Wm. Rye, Sam. Shalders Beare |
| 1830. | John Angell | Samuel Bignold, Isaac Wiseman |
| 1831. | John H. Yallop | William Herring, John Cozens |
| 1832. | S. W. Stevenson | John P. Oxley, William Foster |
| 1833. | Samuel Bignold | W. J. U. Browne, Edw. Steward |
| 1834. | Charles Turner | Wm. Chambers, John Marshall |
| 1835. | William Moore | Ditto to December 31st, 1835 |
Alderman Moore was the last mayor, under the old corporation, by the charter of which the chief magistrate was chosen out of the twenty-four aldermen, by the freemen, on the first of May; and sworn into office, on the Tuesday before the eve of New Midsummer-day.
There were two sheriffs, one chosen by the court of aldermen—the other by the freemen, on the last Tuesday in August, and both sworn into office on New Michaelmas-day.
Under the Municipal Corporation Reform Act, the mayor and sheriff are chosen by the sixteen aldermen and forty-eight councillors, the former from amongst themselves, on the ninth of November, and they enter upon their office on that day.
| 1836. | T. O. Springfield (Jan.) | Horatio Bolingbroke |
| 1836. | Thos. Brightwell (Nov.) | John Bateman |
| 1837. | Samuel Shalders Beare | John Francis |
| 1838. | John Marshall | Henry Woodcock |
| 1839. | Philip J. Money | John Barwell |
| 1840. | Edward Willett | Richard Coaks |
| 1841. | John Marshall | William Storey |
| 1842. | Samuel Mitchell | William Freeman |
| 1843. | William Freeman | George L. Coleman |
| 1844. | Sir Wm. Foster, Bart. | John Betts |
| 1845. | John Betts | Jeremiah Colman |
| 1846. | Jeremiah Colman | Charles Winter |
| 1847. | George L. Coleman | James Watson |
| 1848. | Samuel Bignold | Robert Chamberlin |
| 1849. | Henry Woodcock | James Colman |
| 1850. | Henry Woodcock | Edward Blakely |
| 1851. | Charles Winter | Robert Wiffen Blake |
| 1852. | Richard Coaks | George Womack |
| 1853. | Sir Samuel Bignold, Kt. | Henry Birkbeck |
| 1854. | Robert Chamberlin | Robert John Harvey Harvey |
| 1855. | John G. Johnson | Timothy Steward |
| 1856. | Robert Chamberlin | Robert Seaman |
| 1857. | Edward Field | Charles Crawshay |
| 1858. | George Middleton | Henry Staniforth Patteson |
| 1859. | Jacob Henry Tillett | J. Underwood |
| 1860. | W. J. Utten Browne | Donald Dalrymple |
| 1861. | John Oddin Taylor | Arthur J. Cresswell |
| 1862. | Henry Stan. Patteson | Jeremiah James Colman |
| 1863. | Osborn Springfield | Frederick Brown |
| 1864. | Charles Edw. Tuck | Charles Jecks |
| 1865. | Wm. Peter Nichols | William J. Cubitt |
| 1866. | Frederick E. Watson | W. H. Clabburn |
| 1867. | Jeremiah Jas. Colman | Robert Fitch |
| 1868. | Edward K. Harvey | John Robison |
Recorders of Norwich
| 1521. | William Elys |
| 1522. | John Spelman |
| 1563. | Thomas Gawdy, sen. |
| 1576. | Francis Windham |
| 1582. | Edward Coke |
| 1595. | Robert Houghton |
| 1603. | John Silver (Deputy) |
| 1612. | Richard Gwynne |
| 1648. | Samuel Smith |
| 1649. | Erasmus Earl |
| 1663. | Francis Cory |
| 1677. | Francis Bacon |
| 1680. | John Norris |
| 1683. | William Earl of Yarmouth |
| 1684. | John Warkehouse, (Deputy) |
| 1688. | Robert Davy |
| 1703. | Stephen Gardiner |
| 1727. | Richard Berney |
| 1737. | Robert Britiffe |
| 1743. | William Brooke |
| 1752. | Edward Bacon |
| 1783. | John Chambers |
| 1788. | Henry Partridge |
| 1801. | Charles Harvey |
| 1826. | Robert Alderson |
| 1831. | Isaac Preston Jermy |
| 1848. | Michael Prendergast |
| 1859. | Peter F. O’Malley |
The Recorder, whose office is held for life, must be a Barrister; he formerly assisted as Chief Judge in the Mayor’s Court, and was one of the council for the city.
By the Corporation Reform Act the Recorder is sole judge at the Quarter Sessions for the borough and city, and is no longer a member of the corporate body.
Stewards of Norwich.
| 1521. | Francis Moundford | 1691. | Arthur Branthwayt |
| 1536. | Edmund Grey | 1703. | Richard Berney |
| 1555. | Richard Catlyn | 1727. | William Brooke |
| 1563. | John Bleverhasset | 1743. | Francis Larwood |
| 1585. | Robert Houghton | 1750. | Edward Bacon |
| 1595. | Henry Hobart | 1752. | Charles Buckle |
| 1618. | William Denny | 1781. | John Chambers |
| 1648. | Erasmus Earl | 1783. | Charles Harvey |
| 1650. | Charles Geo. Cocke | 1803. | William Firth |
| 1663. | William Watts | 1807. | Robert Alderson |
| 1677. | John Norris | 1826. | Isaac Preston |
| 1680. | John Mingay | 1831. | Fitzroy R. Kelly |
| 1688. | Robert Ward | ||
The Steward, who must have been a barrister, was appointed for life; he assisted as Chief Judge in the Sheriffs’ Court, and was one of the council for the city. By the Corporation Reform Act the office of Steward was abolished in 1835.
Chapter III — Ecclesiastical
The origin of the See of Norwich is attached to Sigebert, king of the East Angles, who, being in France about the year 630, brought over Felix, a priest of Burgundy, and constituted him bishop, fixing his seat at Dunwich, in Suffolk. About forty years afterwards the diocese was divided, Dunwich and North Elmham having each a bishop, and this continued till the year 870, when the two sees were again united under Wybred at Elmham. Owing to the devastations of the piratical Danes the see remained vacant nearly one hundred years, but was restored by Theodored, in 995 according to the common account; but there is evidence which tends to prove that he was bishop in 945, if not before. During the reign of William I. the see was removed to Thetford, and in the year 1094 it was finally settled in Norwich. This added greatly to the importance of the city, and made it the capital of East Anglia.
The diocese, as to its seat, has continued unchanged since 1094, and as to its extent and government has been but slightly modified. The most prominent bishops have been Losinga, who established the see at Norwich and founded the cathedral, and John Grey or Gray, who governed Ireland, divided it into counties, placed it under English laws, fought in France, and captured fortresses there,—for bishops were fighting men in those days; Pandulph, who excommunicated King John Lackland; W. Middleton, who acted as Guardian of the Kingdom; John Salmon and William de Ermine, who were Lord Chancellors; and Bateman, who founded Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Others less noted were Henry le Spencer, who fought as a soldier for the pope on shore, and as an English admiral at sea; Richard Courtenay, who died at the siege of Harfleur; John de Wakering, who was Lord Privy Seal; Nykke, known as the blind bishop, who conducted a traitorous correspondence with the pope; William Rugge, who deprived the see of its barony; Parkhurst, who was famous for entertaining Oxford scholars; Scambler, called “the scandalous;” John Jeggon, called “the wag;” Montague, called “the excellent;” Corbet, called the “merry wit;” Hall, “the saintly;” Overall and Sparrow, “the learned;” and Bathurst, “the good,” who pleaded for Catholic emancipation. Three of the dignitaries, J. Harpsfield, H. Prideaux, and T. Sherlock, became cardinals; one, John, became archbishop of Smyrna; and one, Montgomery, became bishop of Meath.
The cathedral establishment includes the bishop, the dean, three archdeacons, four canons, twenty-four hon. canons, four minor canons, and a chancellor. The income of the bishop is £4,500; that of each of the archdeacons is £200; and that of the other archdeacon is £184. The diocese comprises all Norfolk except the parishes of Emneth and Brandon, and all Suffolk except the deaneries of Thedwaster and Thingoe, and parts of the deaneries of Clare, Fordham, and Sudbury; and it is divided into the archdeaconries of Norwich, Norfolk, and Suffolk. Population, 743,000; acres, 1,994,535; deaneries, 41; benefices, 908; curates, 253; church sittings, 294,177. A few more particulars may be stated respecting some of the earlier prelates.
| Herbert de Losinga | A.D. 1094. |
| Founder of the diocese and builder of the greater part of the Cathedral. | |
| Eborard or Everard | A.D. 1121. |
| Divided the archdeaconry of Suffolk into two, founded the hospital and church of St. Paul in Norwich. He either resigned or was deposed. | |
| William Turbus | A.D. 1146. |
| A friend and advocate of Thomas à Becket, who induced him to excommunicate the Earl of Norfolk and some other nobles, for which he was forced to take sanctuary till he had appeased the wrath of the King, Henry II. | |
| John of Oxford | A.D. 1175. |
| Took part with Henry II. against Becket, and built the church of the Holy Trinity at Ipswich. | |
| John de Grey | A.D. 1200. |
| Built a palace at Gaywood, near Lynn, made that town a free borough, and lent large sums to King John, for which he received in pledge the royal regalia. After him the see was vacant seven years. | |
| Pandulphus | A.D. 1222. |
| Obtained a grant of the whole of the first fruits of the clergy in his diocese for himself and his successors, which was not revoked till the time of Henry VIII. | |
| Thomas de Blandevill | A.D. 1226. |
| Ralfo (died soon after) | 1239. |
| William de Raleigh | 1244. |
| Translated to Winchester. | |
| Walter de Suthfield | 1244. |
| Obtained for the bishopric a charter of free warren to himself and successors, erected and endowed the hospital of St. Giles, and made a valuation of all the ecclesiastical revenues for Pope Innocent. | |
| Simon de Walton | A.D. 1258. |
| Roger de Skernyng | 1265. |
| William de Middleton | 1278. |
| Ralph de Walpole | 1288. |
| Translated to Ely. | |
| John Salmon | 1299. |
| Enlarged the Palace and founded the Charnel House School (now the Grammar House School). | |
| Robert de Baldock | A.D. 1325. |
| Resigned the same year. | |
| William de Ayrminne | 1325. |
| Enclosed and fortified the Cathedral and Palace with stone walls. | |
| Thomas Hemenhale | A.D. 1337. |
| Translated to Worcester same year. | |
| Anthony de Beck | 1337. |
| Being of a quarrelsome disposition, was poisoned either by the monks or his own servants. | |
| William Bateman | A.D. 1343. |
| Was a native of Norwich, and founded Trinity Hall, Cambridge. | |
| Thomas Percy | A.D. 1355. |
| Youngest brother of the Earl of Northumberland; was only twenty-two years of age when he obtained the prelacy. | |
| Henry le Spencer | A.D. 1370. |
| Was consecrated by the pope in person. He took an active part in the warfare between the Urbanites and Clementines. He was an enthusiastic zealot, and a fierce persecutor of the Lollards. | |
| Alexander de Tottington | A.D. 1407. |
| Richard de Courtenay, LL.D. | 1413. |
| John Wareryng | 1416. |
| William Alnwick, LL.D. | 1426. |
| Translated to Lincoln. | |
| Thomas Browne, LL.D. | 1436. |
| Translated from Rochester; he left money to pay the city tax, and founded exhibitions at the Universities for poor scholars in the diocese. | |
| John Stanbery, D.D. | A.D. 1445. |
| Chosen but never consecrated. | |
| Walter Lyhart | 1446 |
| He repaired the Cathedral, and made many ornamental additions to the edifice. | |
| James Goldwell | A.D. 1472. |
| Granted twelve years and forty days pardon to all who assisted him in beautifying the Cathedral. | |
| Thomas Jan | A.D. 1499. |
| Richard Nykke or Nix | 1500. |
| Alienated the revenues of his diocese for the Abbacy of Holme, by agreement with Henry VIII., and was a cruel persecutor of the reformers, who, at this period, begun to be numerous. | |
| William Rugg D.D. | A.D. 1535. |
| Resigned the See for an annuity of £200 per annum. | |
| Thomas Thirlby | A.D. 1550. |
| Translated from Westminster, of which he was the first and last bishop; and afterwards removed to Ely. | |
| John Hopton, D.D. | A.D. 1554. |
| A sanguinary persecutor of the reformers, and is supposed to have died through fear of retaliating vengeance on the accession of Queen Elizabeth. “Thus conscience cloth make cowards of us all.” | |
After the Reformation the following were the bishops of Norwich in the 16th century:—
| Richard Cox | A.D. 1558. |
| Translated to Ely. | |
| John Parkhurst, D.D. | 1560. |
| A friend of Oxford scholars. | |
| Edmund Freke, D.D. | 1575. |
| Translated from Rochester and afterwards removed to Worcester. | |
| Edmund Scambler, D.D. | A.D. 1584. |
| Translated from Peterborough. | |
| William Redman, D.D. | 1594. |
The following were bishops of Norwich in the 17th century:—
| John Jeggon, D.D. | A.D. 1602. |
| In his time a fire broke out in the palace at Ludham and consumed the whole of the library, and many valuable documents respecting the diocese. | |
| John Overall, D.D. | A.D. 1618. |
| Translated from Lichfield and Coventry. | |
| Samuel Harsnett, D.D. | 1619. |
| Translated from Chichester, and afterwards became archbishop of York. | |
| Francis White, D.D. | A.D. 1628. |
| Translated from Carlisle, afterwards removed to Ely. | |
| Richard Corbet, D.D. | A.D. 1631. |
| Matthew Wren, D.D. | 1635. |
| Translated from Hereford and afterwards removed to Ely. He was father of the celebrated architect, Sir Christopher Wren. | |
| Richard Montague, D.D. | A.D. 1636. |
| A distinguished scholar, translated from Chichester. | |
| Joseph Hall, D.D. | A.D. 1641. |
| Translated from Exeter. During the civil wars he was sent to the tower for asserting his right to vote in the house of peers; and parliament deprived him of his temporalities, and prohibited him from exercising any spiritual jurisdiction. The See was vacant four years. | |
| Edward Reynolds, D.D. | A.D. 1660. |
| Was a liberal benefactor to the city of Norwich, and paid much attention to the comforts of the parochial clergy. | |
| Anthony Sparrow, D.D. | A.D. 1676. |
| Translated from Exeter. | |
| William Lloyd, D.D. | 1686. |
| Translated from Peterborough. On the accession of William III., refusing to take the oath of abjuration against James II., he was deprived of his bishopric. | |
| John Moore, D.D. | A.D. 1691. |
| Translated to Ely. He collected a large library of rare books, which, at his death, was purchased by George I. and presented to the University of Cambridge. | |
The following were the bishops of Norwich in the 18th century:—
| Charles Trimnell, D.D. | A.D. 1707. |
| Translated to Winchester. He was a native of Norwich, and greatly assisted the Protestant emigrants who fled to his diocese from the Palatinate on the Rhine, through the irruptions and exactions of the French. Many of these emigrants were artisans, and greatly increased the general welfare of the city and county. | |
| Thomas Green, D.D. | A.D. 1721. |
| Translated to Ely. | |
| John Leng, D.D. | 1723. |
| William Baker, D.D. | 1727. |
| Translated from Bangor. | |
| Robert Butts, D.D. | 1732. |
| Translated to Ely. | |
| Sir Thomas Gooch, Bart., D.D. | 1738. |
| Translated from Bristol and afterwards removed to Ely. | |
| Samuel Lisle, D.D. | A.D. 1748. |
| Translated from St. Asaph. | |
| Thomas Hayter, D.D. | 1749. |
| Translated to London. | |
| Philip Yonge, D.D. | 1761. |
| Lewis Bagot, LL.D. | 1783. |
| Translated from Bristol and afterwards removed to St. Asaph. | |
| George Horne, D.D. | A.D. 1790. |
| Author of a “Commentary on the Psalms,” and other works of considerable merit, more especially an “Introduction to the Study of the Bible.” | |
During the present century the following eminent divines have been bishops of Norwich:—
| Rt. Hon. C. M. Sutton, D.D. | A.D. 1792. |
| Prelate of the Order of the Garter. Translated to the archbishopric of Canterbury. | |
| Henry Bathurst, LL.D. | A.D. 1805. |
| He died in the 94th year of his age. | |
| Edward Stanley, D.D. | 1837. |
| We have already given a sketch of the life of this estimable bishop, and also of those of his immediate predecessor and successor, at pages 520 to 524, in our notices of the eminent citizens of the 19th century. | |
| Samuel Hinds, D.D. | A.D. 1850. |
| Resigned in 1857, and lives in retirement | |
| Hon. John Thos. Pelham, D.D. | A.D. 1857 |
| The second son of the late earl of Chichester, and brother of the present earl; was born in 1811, and graduated at Oxford. In 1845, he married a daughter of Thomas William Tatten, Esq., and was appointed chaplain to the queen in 1847. After this he was collated to the rectory of Bergh Apton, in Norfolk, by the earl of Abergavenny, which he held till 1852, when he was appointed to Christ Church, Hampstead, and in 1854 he was nominated by the crown to the rectory of St. Marylebone, Middlesex. He fulfilled the arduous duties of minister of that populous parish for three years. He was installed at the Cathedral church, Norwich, on June 26th, 1857, and since then he has ruled the diocese with satisfaction to the great body of the clergy. | |
Deans of Norwich
| A.D. | |
| William Castleton, the last Prior, was made the first dean of the Cathedral | 1538. |
| John Salisbury, suffragan bishop of Thetford, was made dean on the resignation of William Castleton, and deprived about 1553 | 1539. |
| John Christopherson; afterwards bishop of Chichester | 1554. |
| John Boxall. Resigned | 1557. |
| John Harpsfield (Archdeacon of London.) Deprived 1560 | 1558. |
| John Salisbury, restored. Buried in the Cathedral | 1560. |
| George Gardiner. Buried in the Cathedral | 1573. |
| Thomas Dove: afterwards bishop of Peterborough | 1589. |
| John Jeggon: afterwards bishop | 1601. |
| George Montgomery (bishop of Meath). Resigned | 1603. |
| Edmund Suckling. Buried in the Cathedral | 1614. |
| John Hassall. Died 1654: buried at North Creake | 1628. |
| Void till after the Restoration. | |
| John Crofts. Buried in the Cathedral | 1660. |
| Herbert Astley. Buried in the Cathedral | 1670. |
| John Sharp. Removed to Canterbury | 1681. |
| Henry Fairfax. Buried in the Cathedral | 1689. |
| Humphrey Prideaux. Author of a learned work entitled “Connection of the Old and New Testament.” Buried in the Cathedral | 1702. |
| Thomas Cole. Buried in the chancel of East Raynham church | 1724. |
| Robert Butts: afterwards bishop | 1731. |
| John Baron (Archdeacon of Norfolk). Buried at Saxlingham | 1733. |
| Thomas Bullock. Died May, 1760. Buried in the Cathedral, at the extreme east end | 1739. |
| Edward Townshend | 1761. |
| Philip Lloyd. Buried in the choir of the Cathedral | 1765. |
| Joseph Turner. Buried in the choir of the Cathedral | 1790. |
| The Honourable George Pellew. Buried at Great Chart | 1828. |
| Edward Meyrick Goulburn, D.D., Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen | 1866. |
Dignitaries, etc., of the Diocese
Bishop.
The Hon. and Rt. Rev. JOHN THOMAS PELHAM, D.D. 1857.
Chancellor of the Diocese.
Worshipful E. Howes, Esq., M.A., M.P., 1868.
Archdeacons.
| Norwich, Ven. A. M. Hopper, M.A. | 1868 |
| Norfolk, Ven. W. Arundell Bouverie, B.D. | 1850 |
| Suffolk, Right Rev. Bishop Ryan, D.D. | 1868 |
Examining Chaplains.
Rev. J. J. S. Perowne, B.D., and Rev. T. T. Perowne, B.D.
Registrars: Rev. E. S. Bathurst and John Kitson, Esq.
Deputy Registrar: W. T. Bensly, Esq.
Secretaries to the Bishop.
J. Kitson, Esq., Norwich; J. B. Lee, Esq., Dean’s Yard, Westminster.
Assistant Secretary; W. T. Bensly, Esq., Norwich.
Registrars of the Archdeaconries.
Norwich, Edward Steward, Esq., Norwich.
Norfolk, Henry Hansell, Esq., Norwich.
Suffolk, C. R Steward, Esq., Ipswich.
Proctor for the Chapter, Rev. Canon Heaviside, M.A.
Proctor for the Archdeaconries of Norfolk & Norwich, Rev. H. Howell, M.A.
Proctor for the Archdeaconry of Suffolk, Rev. W. Potter, M.A.
The Dean and Chapter.
DEAN.
The Very Rev. EDWARD MEYRICK GOULBURN, D.D., 1866.
Canons.
| A. Sedgwick, LL.D. | 1834 | C. K. Robinson, D.D. | 1861 |
| J. W. L. Heaviside, M.A. | 1860 | J. M. Nisbet, M.A. | 1867 |
High Steward of the Cathedral.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Kimberley 1866.
Honorary Canons.
| Hon. E. S. Keppel, M.A. | 1844 | Hon. K. H. Digby, M.A. | 1858 |
| Archdn. Bouverie, B.D. | 1847 | R. H. Groome, M.A. | 1858 |
| Bishop of Columbia, D.D. | 1850 | Thomas Mills, M.A. | 1859 |
| Edw. J. Moor, B.A. | 1850 | W. F. Patteson, M.A. | 1860 |
| W. H. Parker, M.A. | 1852 | H. R. Nevill, M.A. | 1861 |
| Robert Eden, M.A. | 1852 | W. Howorth, M.A. | 1863 |
| Wm. Potter, M.A. | 1853 | S. Everard, M.A. | 1863 |
| Wm. Jackman, M.A. | 1853 | J. Lee-Warner, M.A. | 1863 |
| Archdn. Hopper, M.A. | 1854 | E. F. E. Hankinson, M.A. | 1863 |
| W. R. Colbeck, B.D. | 1856 | R. Blakelock, M.A. | 1864 |
| R. Collyer, M.A. | 1856 | W. Blyth, M.A. | 1868 |
| Hinds Howell, M.A. | 1856 | G. King, M.A. | 1868 |
Minor Canons.
| J. C. Matchett, M.A., Sacrist | 1824 | E. Bulmer, M.A. | 1865 |
| H. Symonds, M.A., Precentor | 1844 | J. S. Müller, M.A. | 1865 |
Chapter Clerk, John Kitson, Esq.
Organist, Dr. Z. Buck.
The Clergy of Norwich
The following is a list of the clergy of Norwich, revised to the time of our going to press.
Rural Dean—Rev. W. F. Patteson, Vicar of St. Helen.
| Benefice. | Pop. | Incumbent. | Wh. Inst. | Curate. | Ch. Acc. |
| All Saints St. Julian, R. | 667 | Kant W. | 1868 | 150 | |
| St. Andrew, V. | 978 | Copeman A. C. | 1857 | 700 | |
| St. Augustine, R. | 1890 | Rackham M. J. | 1848 | 240 | |
| St. Benedict, V. | 1381 | Dombrain J. | 1865 | 300 | |
| St. Clement, R. | 3961 | Rigg R. | 1842 | 350 | |
| Christ Church, V. | Wade R. | 1852 | 629 | ||
| St. Edmund, R. | 753 | Taylor T. | 1864 | 425 | |
| St. Etheldred, V. | 614 | Bishop W. | 1865 | 100 | |
| St. George Colegate, V. | 1607 | Durdin A. W. | 1852 | 380 | |
| St. George Tombland, V. | 687 | Trimmer K. | 1842 | 400 | |
| St. Giles, V. | 1586 | Ripley W. N. | 1859 | Brownjohn J. | 600 |
| St. Gregory, V. | 934 | Wortley J. | 1864 | 500 | |
| St. Helen, V. | 507 | Patteson W. F. | 1824 | 289 | |
| St. James, V. Pockthorpe and Barracks | 3408 | Pringle A. D. | 1865 | 340 | |
| St. John Maddermkt, R. | 537 | Price G. F. | 1863 | 461 | |
| St. John Sepulchre, V. | 2219 | Moore W. T. | 1865 | 300 | |
| St. John Timberhill, V. | 1302 | Titlow S. | 1831 | 400 | |
| St. Julian, R. | 1361 | See All Saints | 150 | ||
| St. Lawrence, R. | 877 | Hillyard E. A. | 1861 | 600 | |
| St. Margaret, R. | 664 | Cobb J. W. | 1848 | 500 | |
| St. Martin at Palace, V. | 1085 | Barker R. W. | 1866 | 360 | |
| St. Martin at Oak, V. | 2546 | Caldwell C. | 1858 | 300 | |
| St. Mary Coslany, V. | 1498 | Morse C. | 1851 | 250 | |
| St. Mary in the Marsh, V. (Bishop’s Chapel) | 451 | Matchett J. C. | 1824 | 120 | |
| St. Michael Coslany, R. | 1365 | Kidd R. H. | 1867 | 600 | |
| St. Michael at Plea, R. | 379 | Morse C. | 1839 | 200 | |
| St. Michael at Thorn. | 2121 | Davies A. | 1865 | 379 | |
| St. Paul, R. | 2907 | 1826 | 430 | ||
| St. Peter Hungate, R. | 399 | Titlow S. | 1839 | 200 | |
| St. Peter Mancroft, V. | 2575 | Turner C. | 1848 | Ram E. | 1000 |
| St. Peter per Mountergate, V. | 2868 | Durst J. | 1862 | Hull B. | 400 |
| St. Peter Southgate, R. | 457 | Bishop W. | 1865 | 120 | |
| St. Saviour, V. | 1532 | Cooke W. H. | 1856 | 400 | |
| St. Simon & St. Jude, R. | 283 | Osborne J. F. | 450 | ||
| St. Stephen, V. | 4191 | Baldwin C. | 1863 | 700 | |
| St. Swithin, R. | 699 | Slipper W. A. | 1865 | 350 |
The following are the clergy of the Hamlets not included in the Deanery of Norwich.
| Benefice. | Pop. | Incumbent. | Wh. Inst. | Curate. | Ch. Acc. |
| Earlham, V. with Bowthorpe (no church) | 195 | Payne J. H. | 1849 | 120 | |
| Eaton, V. | 930 | Weston F. | 1865 | 200 | |
| Heigham, R. | 13894 | Dixon J. G. | 1868 | Rust J. C. Sharley G. | 250 |
| ,, Holy Trinity, R. | Rust C. T. | 1865 | 1100 | ||
| ,, St. Philip, V. | Nash T. A. | 1868 | |||
| Hellesdon, R. | 496 | Howell H. | 1855 | Cornford J. | 100 |
| Lakenham St. Mark, V. | 3808 | Garry N. T. | 1861 | Morse A. S. Leach J. | 840 |
| Thorpe St. Matthew, V. | 2388 | Owen J. S. | 1869 | 518 | |
| Trowse, V. | 1404 | Pownall A. | 1860 | 300 | |
| with Lakenham, V. | 2079 | 200 |
Nonconformists
| Baptist. | Acc. | |
| Rev. Geo. Gould | St. Mary’s Chapel | 900 |
| Rev. Thos. Foston | St. Clement’s Chapel | 900 |
| Rev. R. B. Clare | Priory Yard Chapel | 400 |
| Rev. C. H. Hosken | Gildencroft Chapel | 500 |
| Rev. W. Hawkins | Cherry Lane Chapel | 250 |
| Rev. J. Brunt | Orford Hill Chapel | 500 |
| Rev. R. Govett | Surrey Road Chapel | 1100 |
| Rev. H. Trevor | Pottergate Street Chapel | 100 |
| Independent. | ||
| Rev. J. Hallett | Old Meeting Chapel | 700 |
| Rev. Philip Colborne | Chapel in the Field | 900 |
| Rev. G. S. Barrett | Prince’s Street Chapel | 1000 |
| Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion. | ||
| Rev. Burford Hooke | The Tabernacle Chapel | 1000 |
| Rev. J. J. J. Kempster | Dereham Road Chapel | 100 |
| Wesleyan Methodist. | ||
| Rev. Hugh Jones Rev. Wesley Butters Rev. George Boggis | Lady’s Lane Chapel | 1000 |
| Methodist Free Church. | ||
| Rev. J. Schofield | Calvert Street and New City Chapel | 1200 |
| Rev. R. Abercrombie, M.A. | 900 | |
| Primitive Methodist. | ||
| Rev. J. Scott | St. Catherine’s Plain Chapel | 600 |
| Rev. R. Betts | Cowgate Street Chapel | 300 |
| Rev. B. Bell | Dereham Road Chapel | 700 |
| Free Church. | ||
| Rev. J. Crompton | Dutch Church | 600 |
| Unitarian. | ||
| Rev. J. D. H. Smyth | Octagon Chapel | 750 |
| Presbyterian. | ||
| Rev. W. A. Mc Allan | St. Peter’s Hall | 800 |
| Catholic Apostolic Church. | ||
| Rev. A. Inglis, B.A. | Clement Court, Redwell Street | 200 |
| Roman Catholics. | ||
| Rev. P. Costello / Rev. R. Sumner | Willow Lane Chapel | 400 |
| Rev. Canon Dalton | St. John’s Chapel | 600 |
| Jews. | ||
| Rev. S. Caro | The Synagogue, St. Faith’s Lane | 150 |
Chapter IV — Religious, Educational, & Benevolent
Nearly all of the Religious Institutions in Norwich have arisen during the present century, and annual meetings are held on their behalf. But the Bible Society, the most important of them all, has been supported by both Churchmen and Dissenters. It was founded in 1811, since which year it has distributed 323,000 bibles in the city and county, and remitted to the Parent Society more than £120,000. The late J. J. Gurney was an ardent supporter of this society, and delivered his last great speech on its behalf at an annual meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall.
Of the other societies the Church Missionary Society has taken the lead, and the Lord Bishop of the diocese has generally presided. This society was instituted here in 1813, and it has raised more than £70,000. The Rev. Edward Bickersteth, one of its founders and its first secretary, was partner with Thomas Bignold, Esq., solicitor of this city (brother to Sir Samuel Bignold), whose sister he married. At the first meeting in St. Andrew’s Hall, upwards of £700 was collected. Mr. Bickersteth was ordained in 1815 by Bishop Bathurst, and after visiting Africa on behalf of the mission, became secretary of the Parent Society.
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts is, however, the oldest missionary society of the Church of England, and annual meetings on its behalf have been held here all through the present century. It has two objects in view—first, by carrying the gospel to our colonists to prevent christians from becoming heathens in faith and practice; second, to make heathens christians. The work of the society has been chiefly in our colonies. In following the direction of its original charter, the society has been vindicated by the practice of other more recent missionary societies of the Church of England.
The Church Pastoral Aid Society was instituted in the year 1835, for the purpose of supplying assistance to the incumbents of large and populous parishes, to enable them to obtain the help of additional curates and lay agents. Aid is now afforded to 548 incumbents, and the grants of the society, when all occupied, are for 502 curates and 181 lay assistants. Meetings are held here every year in support of the parent institution. The total receipts for the year ending March 31st, 1868, were £57,019 16s. 7d., and the expenditure £64,065 16s. 3d.
The Norwich Diocesan Church Association was established in 1862. Its object was to combine, as far as possible, Churchmen of every shade of political and religious opinion in the support of the established church, particularly as regards all questions affecting its welfare, likely to become the subject of legislation, and generally in the promotion of measures calculated to increase its stability and usefulness; but points of doctrine are never brought under discussion. Annual meetings are held every year on the second Thursday after Easter, when reports are read, and the officers and committee elected. This society comprises 800 members, one half of whom are laymen.
The Norwich Diocesan Church Building Association was established on October 20th, 1836. It is in union with the Incorporated Society for promoting the enlargement, building, and repairing of churches and chapels in England and Wales. The patron is the Earl of Leicester, and the president the Lord Bishop of the diocese. Grants have been made to many parishes in this county.
The Norfolk Book Hawking Association was established in December, 1855, for the sale, throughout the county of Norfolk, by the agency of licensed hawkers, of bibles, prayer books, tracts, and prints of a religious and instructive character. In the year ending August 31st, 1868, the number of bibles, testaments, prayer books, church services, tracts, and prints sold, amounted to 11,449, the receipts being £523 1s. 11½d. The receipts for the year (including a balance of £56 2s. 5d.,) were £759 18s. 4d., and the expenditure amounted to £722 9s. 1½d., leaving a balance in hand of £37 9s. 2½d. President, the Lord Bishop of the diocese.
The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge was founded in the year 1698. The Norwich Auxiliary is of later date. During the year 1868 the committee forwarded to the Parent Society contributions amounting to £154, in addition to donations of £30 from the local fund; and the sale of books at the depository realised £350, viz., for bibles and testaments, 1,489; prayer books, 3,731; other books, 16,993; total, 22,213. By the rules of this society all its members must be of the established church. Its principal object is the distribution of the Holy Scriptures at home and abroad, and other religious books which are calculated to diffuse christian knowledge.
The Norwich Churchman’s Club was instituted in the early part of the year 1868, mainly through the exertions of the Rev. F. Meyrick, for the moral and mental improvement of young men in the city. For these purposes a reading room has been established, supplied with books, periodicals, and newspapers. Lectures are delivered and classes have been formed for secular and religious instruction. About 100 honorary, and 200 reading-room members have been enrolled.
Annual meetings have also been held here on behalf of the London Missionary Society, which is chiefly supported by Independents; on behalf of the Baptist Missions, the Wesleyan Missions, and other missions to the heathen; the Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews; and also on behalf of the Norwich City Mission, a society which has been of great benefit in improving the spiritual condition of the poor. A full account of the operations of this mission would exhibit the social state of the city far better than any elaborate description.
Turning our attention now to the question of Education, it will not be too much to say that Norwich has always been the head quarters of education in the eastern counties, on account both of the number and the character of the schools, some of which have produced very eminent men. The Grammar School is a far-famed ancient institution. It was originally founded and endowed by the bishops of the See who collated the masters, and the archdeacon of Norwich inducted them. The Singing and Grammar Schools belonging to the Convent were kept in the Almonry, the masters of which were frequently collated by the bishop on the Convent’s nomination, and as soon as inducted they generally published the bishop’s inhibition, prohibiting all other persons from teaching grammar or singing in the city. At the Reformation they were dissolved; and the present Free Grammar School was appointed, and took the name of Edward VI. It is divided into the upper and lower schools, has considerable endowments, and an interest in fifteen scholarships at Cambridge. It has afforded instruction to many distinguished scholars, including Archbishop Parker, Bishops Cousin, T. Green, Maltby, and Monk, Dr. Caius, the founder of Caius College at Cambridge, Wild, the learned tailor, Admiral Lord Nelson, Coke, Rajah Brooke, and many others. The Commercial School, in Bridge Street, shares the same endowments, and affords instruction to more than 200 boys.
The report of the Schools Inquiry Commission, which was issued in March, 1868, and is the most comprehensive on the subject of the education of the upper and middle classes that has yet appeared, is very favourable as regards the Norwich Grammar and Commercial Schools, but quite the reverse respecting the schools in the county. Norwich Grammar School is stated to have been established in 1547. The gross income of the charity is £1558. The endowment of the school is £662. The course of instruction is classical, under a head master and competent teachers. This is no doubt the best school for the classics, but the Commercial School is the most useful to the citizens.
Mr. Hammond, the assistant commissioner, in the report upon endowed schools says, that no education, preparatory to the University, is supplied in Norfolk, except at the Grammar Schools of Norwich, Holt, and King’s Lynn, in none of which does it, except in Norwich, “engross very much of the teacher’s time and attention, nor is it anywhere carried out to the same perfection as at such schools as Marlborough College and the City of London School. In Norfolk, Latin, so far as it went, was in the endowed schools generally satisfactory. But hardly any boy could have been set to write five consecutive lines of Latin, not taken from the exercise book. It is fair to add that Norwich sacrifices nothing to it. In mathematics, modern languages, and general literature, the school has few equals; and certainly none superior in the county. French is in Norfolk a recognised study in classical schools, as well as in most of the semi-classical schools; is very good, and in all but one satisfactory. In the non-classical schools, French, when attempted, is worthless. Arithmetic is in the great majority of Norfolk schools practically, and perhaps educationally, the most important subject taught, and a large portion of time and attention is assigned to it.”
Only at a few schools is any useful knowledge of Algebra given, and only at Norwich Grammar School does it extend beyond the solution of quadratic equations. Euclid is not learnt in a very satisfactory manner; it is taught too exclusively by papers in Norfolk. Of natural science no real or substantial knowledge is imparted. Of English subjects, history is the least taught and the worst learnt. English literature is hardly taught at all, yet it is the noblest literature in the world.
Mr. Hammond says that in Norfolk it is simply impossible to establish a classical day school without boarders. At Norwich, Yarmouth, and possibly Kings Lynn, semi-classical day schools might, under very favourable circumstances, remunerate an able certificated teacher, but no private day school in these towns is any better than a national school; a fortiori, this is true of smaller towns and villages.
The Boys’ and Girls’ Hospital Schools were founded, in 1618, by Thomas Anguish; admit on the foundation sixty-nine boys and fifty girls; allow to each boy £10 yearly for board with parents or friends; the girls are boarded and lodged at the new School Rooms in Lakenham. The schools have an endowed income of £2,097 in the boys’ department, and £1,012 in the girls’ department. Baron’s School has an endowed income of £536. Scott’s School has £137; Balderstone’s School has also £137; Norman’s School has £650, and maintains thirty boys; and several other schools have endowments. The Lancasterian School, in College Court, has room for 300 children, and is supported by Nonconformists. The School for the Blind, in Magdalen Street, was founded in 1805 at a cost of £1,000, and has an income of £1,300 yearly, and is open to the blind from every part of the kingdom.
The Norwich Diocesan National School Society, established in 1812, has contributed £250 per annum towards the support of schools in the city and county, and has supported an institution for training mistresses for the charge of schools. These trained teachers have been in great demand all over the diocese. The Norwich charity schools are church schools, nine in number, and they have afforded instruction to a large number of boys and girls. But the education of the poor in this city has not been left entirely to the church, as there are many British schools supported by all classes of Nonconformists.
In early times the monks or the clergy were the schoolmasters. Their schools, when not carried on within the walls of a monastery, were, and have been called, Grammar Schools, up to the present time. Other similar schools have also been established from time to time in various parts of the district, some for educating the sons of the poor, and others for the middle classes. The population of the country, however, increased so rapidly, and the people were so ignorant, that no comparison can be made with the present state of society. Dr. Bell introduced the monitorial system, in 1796, and warmly advocated its adoption as the most effectual means of rapidly extending popular instruction. It was as warmly received, and he was chiefly instrumental in establishing the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the principles of the Established Church. This society was started in 1811, and has been very successful. The British and Foreign Society was established shortly before upon the principles advocated by Lancaster, of allowing the bible to be read in the schools without note or comment.
A great change has taken place as regards the intelligence and morals of the people, and this may be attributed to the vast increase in the number of day and Sunday schools. Popular education is almost the creation of the present century, although the day-school epoch may be dated from the year 1796, when the youthful quaker, Joseph Lancaster, began to teach children in his father’s house at Southwark. Lancaster was an enthusiast in his calling, and acted as much in the character of a guardian to his scholars as a master, and whilst often charging nothing for his instruction, he fed his pupils as well. No wonder that he had at one time 1000 scholars.
According to the census of 1851, the city contained then 45 public day schools, with 5,207 scholars; 10 private day schools, with 2,553 scholars; and 55 Sunday schools, with 6,859 scholars, which number has since been very greatly increased. About twenty-nine of the Sunday schools, with 2,650 scholars, belonged to the Church of England; and twenty-six Sunday schools with more scholars belonged to the Dissenters. Five schools with 534 scholars were endowed schools; thirteen with 1,915 scholars were church schools; ten with 712 scholars were national schools; five with 546 scholars were dissenting British schools. All the rest belonged to the Non-conformists.
According to the census of 1861, the Norwich Parochial Charity Schools afforded instruction, on the national system, to more than 700 boys and 400 girls. The Model School for boys numbered 400, and that for girls 300 scholars. New schoolrooms had been built in Heigham, Lakenham, Thorpe, and various parts of the city; and the bishops, the clergy, and ministers of all denominations zealously promoted the educational movement. A great change has, as might consequently have been expected, taken place for the better as regards the morals and intelligence of the mass of the citizens, and this may be attributed in a great measure to the number of day and Sunday schools. Crimes are not now of so frequent occurrence as formerly. The magistrates and police have less to do; and churches and chapels are more numerous, and better filled and supported.
While the population has been increasing and schools becoming more numerous in this city, some means of continuing the education of young men seemed to be required, and this want has been in a measure supplied by the establishment of popular literary institutions. Of these there have been several at various periods, including the Mechanics’ Institution, the Athenæum, the People’s College, and the Young Men’s Institute, all of which are now defunct, and in their places we have a Young Men’s Christian Association, and a Church of England Young Men’s Association; the former having about 400 and the latter 200 members. Of both of these the object is to promote the religious, moral, social, and intellectual well-being of young men, and we are happy to be able to say that their work is most energetically and efficiently accomplished. There are also a School of Art and a Free Library, both of which we have already noticed at pages 431 and 432.
As might also be expected, the growth of education and the spread of religion have led to that which always, sooner or later, comes out of the improved intellectual and moral condition of society—the establishment of a large number of benevolent institutions with various noble purposes. Perhaps it would be quite within the bounds of the strictest truth to say that there is hardly a city or town in the kingdom, of the same population and extent as Norwich, in which a greater amount of genuine charity exists, and where institutions for the relief and comfort of the sick and the poor are more abundant. In fact these are so numerous in Norwich that we cannot even mention them. We may say, however, that amongst them are the Norwich District Visiting Society for relieving the sick poor at their own houses, established at a public meeting held on January 16th, 1815; the Norwich Public Dispensary, instituted in the year 1804, for the purpose of giving advice, medicine, and attendance free of expense to indigent persons unable to pay for the same; the Jenny Lind Infirmary for sick children, established on May 30th, 1853, by the proceeds of a concert, when the Swedish Nightingale was the principal vocalist; the Benevolent Association for the relief of decayed tradesmen, their widows and orphans, established here on November 16th, 1790; the Norwich Magdalen or Female Home, established in 1826, for the reclamation of females who have deviated from the paths of virtue; the Orphans’ Home, established in 1849, for training orphan girls for domestic service; the Soup Charity, established in 1840, for supplying the poor with a nutritious soup at a low price in winter; the Bethel Hospital, erected in 1713, for the support and treatment of poor lunatics at a very moderate charge; the Blind Hospital, founded in 1805 by Thomas Tawell, a blind gentleman, for teaching the blind to read and work; the Old Man’s or St. Giles’ Hospital in Bishopgate Street, founded by Edward VI. as an almshouse; Doughty’s Hospital in Calvert Street, founded by William Doughty, gentleman, in 1687, for twenty-four poor men and eight poor women; and, most valuable of all, the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital for the relief of sick and lame poor. This last, in fact, is an institution of such importance, and is accomplishing so important a use, that we deem it deserving of a more extended notice. This noble institution is an extensive brick building situated on St. Stephens Road. It was erected in 1771 at a cost of more than £21,000, including about £8,000 expended on subsequent additions and improvements. It has been considerably enlarged at different times, and it is fitted up with all the latest improvements. It was commenced by the voluntary contributions of the benevolent, and has received many donations and legacies. It has been well supported by a long list of annual subscribers. In 1867 the annual subscriptions amounted to £2038 14s. 0d.; benefactions, £422 3s. 4d.; collections, £313 1s. 7d.; legacies, £124 4s. 10d.; dividends and interest, £745 15s. 1d.; sundries, £62 0s. 4d.; total, £3785 19s. 2d. The expenditure in that year amounted to £4935 9s. 3d. The stock purchased since 1770 amounts to £23,976 12s. 7d. The stock sold since 1770, £4890 4s. 4d. Present stock, £22,091 9s. 5d.—3 per cents. Bank stock, £166 13s. 4d. From 1824 to 1864 the institution received £6018 1s. 9d. from the profits of the Triennial Festivals in St. Andrew’s Hall. From the opening of the hospital in 1772 to January 1st, 1868, in-door patients 56,828, out-door 52,387. Daily average number of in-patients, 133; average number of days of each, 43. The physicians and surgeons attend in turn to take in-patients every Saturday at 11 a.m., and every Wednesday at the same hour to prescribe for the out-patients, gratuitously.
The affairs of the institution are superintended by a board of management, selected annually from the governors, who consist of persons who have contributed thirty guineas or upwards at one time; and that the institution is managed well is sufficiently attested by the vast amount of good which, through a long series of years, it has successfully effected, and the cordial support which it has uniformly received from the nobility, gentry, and trading community of both city and county. Doubtless it is a noble exemplification of true Christian Charity, and it is earnestly to be hoped that as years pass on its means of usefulness will be more and more extended by the increasing sympathy and support of an appreciative public.
City Authorities, Officials, &c.
JUSTICES.
| Nath. Palmer (Barrister-at-Law) | Edward Copeman, M.D. |
| Horatio Bolingbroke, Esq. | Sir Robert. J. H. Harvey |
| Edward Willett, Esq. | C. E. Bignold, Esq. |
| Sir Samuel Bignold | William J. Utten Browne, Esq. |
| John Godwin Johnson, Esq. | Frederick Brown, Esq. |
| Osborn Springfield, Esq. | W. H. Clabburn, Esq. |
| Abel Towler, Esq. | Colonel Cockburn |
| John Betts Esq. | E. K. Harvey, Esq. |
| Robert W. Blake, Esq. | J. M. Venning, Esq. |
| John Sultzer, Esq. | Robert Fitch, Esq. |
| Robert Chamberlin, Esq. | Henry Willett, Esq. |
| Henry Woodcock, Esq. |
The following Gentlemen hold the Commission but do not act—
H. Browne, Esq.
J. H. Gurney, Esq.
The following Gentlemen hold the Commission bat do not reside within the city—
William Freeman, Esq.
Robert Seaman, Esq.
G. Middleton, Esq.
Corporation of Norwich, 1869
Elected under the Municipal Act of 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76, passed September 9th, 1835, and the Acts amending the same.
Mayor—E. K. Harvey, Esq.
Deputy Mayor—Jeremiah James Colman, Esq.
Sheriff—John Robison, Esq.
Recorder—Peter Frederick O’Malley, Esq., Q.C.
Aldermen
| William Boswell | John Ferra Watson | John M. Croker |
| Robert Fitch | J. G. J. Bateman | John Pymar |
| Henry S. Patteson | Philip Back | Charles Edw. Tuck |
| John Oddin Taylor | E. Copeman, M.D. | Francis G. Foster |
| Jacob Henry Tillett | James Dawbarn | |
| John Underwood | William Hall |
Councillors
First Ward—The parishes of Sts. Helen, Martin at Palace, Simon and Jude, Michael at Plea, Peter at Hungate, George of Tombland, and Peter per Mountergate, and the Precincts of the Cathedral, and the Liberty of the Bishop’s Palace.
| John B. Morgan | John Hotblack | Joseph H. Allen |
| E. K. Harvey (May.) | Robt. P. Wiseman | James Steward |
Second Ward—The parishes of Sts. Andrew, John of Maddermarket, Gregory, Lawrence, Margaret, and Swithin.
| Simms Reeve | John Boyce | John Copeman |
| Robert Thorns | Harry Bullard | A. M. F. Morgan |
Third Ward—The parishes of Sts. Benedict and Giles, and the hamlets of Heigham and Earlham.
| George Gedge | Samuel Grimmer | Joseph Stanley |
| Charles S. Gilman | Charles Thorn | Robert Daws |
Fourth Ward—The parish of Sts. Peter Mancroft.
| Isaac Bugg Coaks | Sir Wm. Foster, Bt. | John Youngs |
| Carlos Cooper | J. J. Colman (Deputy Mayor) | Edward Wild |
Fifth Ward—The parishes of Sts. Stephen, John’s Timberhill, and All Saints, the Town Close, and the hamlet of Eaton.
| G. C. Stevens | Edward Field | Sir S. Bignold, Kt. |
| Thomas Priest | Fred. E. Watson | Henry Thompson |
Sixth Ward—The parishes of Sts. Julian, Etheldred, Michael at Thorn, Peter Southgate, and John Sepulchre, and the hamlets of Lakenham, Trowse, Carrow, and Bracondale, and the Precincts of the Castle and Storehouse.
| Henry Hindes | Thomas W. Crosse | John G. Johnson |
| Henry Lovett | James S. Skipper | John Ballard Pitt |
Seventh Ward—The parishes of Sts. Clement, Edmund, Saviour, Paul, and James, and the hamlets of Pockthorpe, Thorpe, and that part of Sprowston which is within the boundary of the City of Norwich and County of the same.
| A. F. C. Bolingbroke | Thomas Hancock | Charlie Bullard |
| W. P. Nichols | William Sadd, jun. | Charles Havers |
Eighth Ward—The parishes of Sts. Michael at Coslany, Mary, Martin at Oak, George of Colegate, and Augustine, and the hamlet of Hellesdon.
| George Chaplin | George Claxton | William Hunter |
| John Hewitt | William Wilde | Edward Bugden |
Town Clerk—Mr. W. L. Mendham; Clerk to Board of Health—Mr. H. B. Miller; Under Sheriff—Mr. F. G. Foster; Clerk of the Peace—Mr. E. C. Bailey; City Surveyor—Mr. Morant; Coroner—Mr. E. S. Bignold.
1st Norfolk Rifle Volunteers. — (City of Norwich)
Lieut. Colonel—GEORGE WILSON BOILEAU.
(Late Bengal Staff Corps.)
Major—Henry Staniforth Patteson.
| Captains. | |
| Charles Foster. | John B. Morgan. |
| Edward Field. | Donald Steward. |
| Henry Morgan. | Peter Edward Hansell. |
| Lieutenants. | |
| John Barwell. | Clement P. Hart. |
| Henry Pulley. | Frederick S. Brown. |
| Samuel Asker. | Philip Back. |
| A. F. C. Bolingbroke. | |
| Ensigns. | |
| Beaumont W. Jolly. | Edward A. Field. |
| John B. Bridgman. | Alfred Mottram. |
| Robert Blake. | Haynes S. Robinson. |
Adjutant—George N. Micklethwait, Captain.
Hon. Assistant Quarter Master—William Norgate.
Surgeon—Thomas W. Crosse.
Assist. Surgeon—Edward R. Gibson.
Hon. Chaplain—Rev. Frederick Meyrick.
Finis
Notes
1867. SILVER MEDAL FOR RICE STARCH.
1865. “Finest Starch was exhibited by J. & J. Colman.”
1862. “Superior quality, with large production.”
1851. “The samples exhibited by Messrs. Colman are excellent.”
J. & J. COLMAN, LONDON.
Burgess & Grimwood, Photographers, Queen Street, Norwich
First-Class Photography in all branches.
Specialité—Burgess’ Eburneum Process, of which the Photographic News says, “The most charmingly delicate pictures we have ever seen produced;” and the Norfolk News, “In point of artistic beauty, they are incomparably superior to any hitherto produced.”
F. Lloyd, St. George’s Colegate, Norwich
Begs respectfully to inform the Nobility and Gentry, that having made an arrangement with a first-class London House, he is prepared to execute all orders entrusted to his care in the best manner possible.
Moire-Antique Re-dyed and Watered as New.
Silk, Satin, Cashmere, China Crape, and Lace of every description Dyed, Cleaned, and Dressed.
Brocatelle, Tapestry, Merino, and Silk Damask Curtains Cleaned and Dressed.
French Patent Metallic Printing, by which process a Plain Silk or Moire may have the appearance of a costly and richly embroidered Robe, removing all the objections to Dyed Silks.
British and Foreign Shawls of every description Cleaned.
W. Howlett and Sons
Patronized by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales.
EXTENSIVE ALTERATION IN PREMISES.
An inspection is invited of more than 200 first-class
PIANOFORTES AND HARMONIUMS
FOR SALE OR HIRE,
For the purchase of which special arrangements can be made by Quarterly Instalments, on the Two or Three Years Purchase System, the most Economic and Judicious mode of purchasing a Pianoforte. Terms and Prices on application.
Full Compass Pianofortes Let from One Guinea per Quarter.
All the Newest Publications Half-price. Instruments of all kinds Tuned and Repaired by skilful Mechanics. Music Copied.
HOWLETTS’ ROYAL QUADRILLE BAND, FOR BALLS & ASSEMBLIES.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONCERTS, ETC.
AGENTS FOR THE NEW MUSICAL GAME.
Drums, Harps, Triangles, Violins, Accordions, Bugles, Metronomes, Saxhorns, Musical Boxes, Tambourines, Violoncellos, Flageolets, Harmoniums by Alexandre, Banjoes, Guitars, Trumpets, Concertinas, First-Class Finger and Barrel Organs, Church Organs, Harps, Trombones, Violin Strings, Tuning Forks.
MUSIC HALL, 2, MARKET PLACE, NORWICH.
Wm. Ralfs
Gold and Silversmith, Watchmaker, Electroplater, and Optician, &c.,
invites attention to his superior
GOLD AND SILVER WARRANTED WATCHES,
And offered at very moderate prices,
W. R. also wishes to refer to a new and most tasteful variety of articles adapted for presents in Jewellery of all kinds, Silver and Electro Silver articles perfect in design and quality. Clocks of all kinds, best movements, warranted. Experienced workmen in all departments.
Clocks Regulated and Wound by the Year.
9, LONDON STREET, NORWICH.
E. Samuel
DEALER IN PLATE, OLD CHINA, ANTIQUE FURNITURE,
ARTICLES OF VERTU & BIJOUTERIE,
PICTURES, ETC.,
2, TIMBERHILL, NORWICH;
AND
73, TOP OF EAST HILL, COLCHESTER.
Thomas Ulph, Mercer & Leather Seller, 110, Pottergate Street
ST. JOHN’S MADDERMARKET, NORWICH.
Agent for Sewing Machines.
London Foreign Wine and Spirit Establishment
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
POST OFFICE STREET, NORWICH.
JAMES CHAMBERLIN,
PROPRIETOR.
Ices
Cream and fruit Ices in every variety packed for the Country, with Printed Directions for turning them out of the Moulds, and keeping them in a frozen state.
CRYSTALLINE BLOCK ICE of the utmost purity for cooling Wine and general culinary purposes.
WEDDING CAKES WITH ALMOND ICEING.
A large supply of Wedding Cakes of all sizes always on hand, and ornamented to order in the most elegant designs of the same superior quality which has obtained for them such an extended and well deserved celebrity.
Wedding Breakfasts, Pic-nic Supper, and ether Parties supplied with every requisite in Ornamental Confectionery.
GEO. WILSON, QUEEN STREET, NORWICH.
Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society. — Instituted 1821
DIRECTORS.
Sir R. J. H. Harvey, Bart., President.
Edward Steward, Esq., Vice-President.
| George Durrant, Esq. | D. Dalrymple, Esq., M.P. |
| H. S. Patteson, Esq. | W. R. Clarke, Esq. |
| Henry Browne, Esq. | George E. Simpson, Esq. |
| W. C. Hotson, Esq. | Col. James Cockburn. |
| Charles E. Tuck, Esq. | Thomas Beevor, Esq. |
Secretary, Sir Samuel Bignold.
The Rates of this Society are the same as other offices, whilst Periodical Returns have been made to the parties insured amounting to £392,430.
This Office is distinguished by its liberality and promptness in the settlement of claims, £2,379,334 having been paid to Insurers for losses by Fire.
In proof of the public confidence in the principles and conduct of this Establishment, it will suffice to state that the total business now exceeds £80,000,000. No charge is made for Policies.
A Bonus of nearly 50 per cent. on Current Premiums will be paid to Insurers (whether losses have been incurred on their Policies or not) at Michaelmas and Christmas, 1868, and Lady-day and Midsummer, 1869.
Norwich Union — Life Insurance Society
A MUTUAL INSTITUTION, INSTITUTED 1808.
With which has been Amalgamated the Amicable Society, Established by Royal Charter in the reign of Queen Anne.
The Aggregate Capital amounts to upwards of £2,300,000.
DIRECTORS.
Thomas Beevor, Esq., President.
C. M. Gibson, Esq., F.R.C.S. Hon. F. Walpole, M.P., Vice President.
| W. R. Clarke, Esq. | W. H. Clabburn, Esq. |
| Robt. Fitch, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S. | George Forrester, Esq. |
| Arthur Preston, Esq. | I. B. Coaks, Esq. |
Secretary—Sir Samuel Bignold.
THE ENTIRE PROFITS ARE DIVISIBLE AMONG THE ASSURED.
Amount of Assurances Accepted, and Bonuses Declared Thereon, Exceed
£18,110,000.
Amount Paid to the Representatives of 8,719 Deceased Members,
£7,313,000.
AMOUNT ASSIGNED BY WAY OF BONUS, £1,620,000.
NUMBER OF POLICIES ASSUED, 37,400.
Tea. — Ladyman & Co., Tea Dealers, 6, the Walk, Norwich
Have a large and well-selected Stock of the Finest Teas imported, and respectfully solicit the patronage of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, and all large consumers, feeling assured that in price and quality they offer every advantage which can be obtained at the best London Houses.
Teas packed in 4, 6, and 12-lb. Canisters, convenient for sending any distance. Chests of about 80 lbs., and Half-chests of 50 lbs., at a Reduction in Price. Carriage paid on all Teas sold to the amount of £2 and upwards.
An Allowance made to Clergymen purchasing for Charitable Purposes.
LADYMAN & Co.,
6, THE WALK, NORWICH.
Robertson & Sons, Upholsterers, Cabinet & Chair Manufacturers
Queen Street, Norwich.
R. and S. call special attention to their Bedroom Furniture in light woods, for which they are unequalled both as regards price and quality.
G. Smith, St. Stephen’s Road, Norwich
Established 20 years,
Respectfully informs his Friends and the Clergy and Gentry in general, that he continues to manufacture Carriages of every description, and of the lightest and best construction, on the lowest terms.
Stock Feeding Implements
A NECESSITY THIS SEASON.
The Gold Medal Horse Gear is the Strongest, Lightest, and Cheapest, with smallest amount of Friction. Awarded Gold Medal this year at Toulouse, and Silver Medal by the Royal Agricultural Society last season, and upwards of Fifty First Prizes and Silver Medals. Sold, complete, with intermediate motion, £11 11s. Made solely by
WOODS, COCKSEDGE, & WARNER,
STOWMARKET.
New Improved Steam Engines for small Factories and Farms, One-horse, £40; Two-horse, &c., complete with Boiler. First Prize Grinding Mills and Crushing Mills, by Royal Agricultural Society, 1867. The “New Prix de Perfection” Root Pulper. £3 5s., £4 10s. A lad will cut into fine mince 4 to 7 cwt. per hour. Awarded Six Silver Medals and First Prizes this year on the Continent, and the New High Prize at Brussels. The “Prix de Perfection.”
Agent for Norwich—G. C. STEVENS, ORFORD HILL.
G. Noble, Carriage Builder, Duke’s Palace
(ADJOINING THE FREE LIBRARY),
NORWICH.
Time and Money Saved!
Great difficulty is often experienced by the Public in obtaining
GENERAL & USEFUL ARTICLES,
Which may be obviated by reading the undermentioned
Lists and purchasing
AT Z. W. WARMAN’S,
BEDFORD STREET, ST. ANDREW’S,
NEAR THE NEW CORN HALL.
| Crinolines | Machine Needles | Braces |
| Ditto Steel | Sack ditto | Belts |
| Hair Nets | Packing ditto | Men’s Collars |
| Stay Clasps | Glover’s ditto | Ladies’ ditto |
| Combs, various | London Straws | Whalebone |
| Hair Brushes | Ground downs | Falls |
| Tooth ditto | Betweens, &c. | Goloshes & Cork Soles |
| Nail ditto | Purse Twists | Antimacassars |
| Dress Holders | Tailors’ ditto | D’Oyleys |
| Dress and Bonnet Preservers | Shoemakers’ ditto, every shade | Side and Back Pads |
| Quilled Braid Ruches | Russian Braids in Silks and Mohair | Fancy Wool Work |
| Plain and Stamped Velvets | Dress Braids | Coventry Frillings |
| Stocking Laces | Rifle ditto | Head Dresses |
| Stay and Boot ditto | Silk ditto | Cloth Slippers for Braiding |
| Elastics | Ditto Cords | Stamped and Traced Embroidery |
| Berlin Wools | Ditto Tassels of every kind | Buttons |
| Scotch Wools | Toilet Fringes | Wave Braids |
| Norwich Yarns | Ditto Cloths | Book Markers |
| Fleecys | Brooches | Pins |
| Wheel Spun | Bracelets | Tape |
| Carpet ditto | Eardrops | Cottons |
| Netting Threads | Scented Lockets | Angolas |
| Bleach ditto | Belt Clasps | Scissors |
| Carpet ditto | Scent Bottles | Worked Collars |
| Machine ditto | Fans | Steel Chains |
| Ditto Cottons | Purses | Hooks and Eyes |
| Ditto Silks | Beads | |
| Machine Twists |
And 1,000 other Useful Articles in Stock.
J. C. Beach, Fellmonger, Globe and Gaiter Manufacturer, and Leather Dresser
Near the Silk Mills,
Heigham Street, Norwich,
Respectfully informs the trade that he continues to supply goods in his line of business to wholesale houses.
R. Marrison, Breech-Loading, Air, & Rifle Gun Manufacturer, Great Orford Street, Norwich
For fifty years and upwards the most experienced shots have patronized Marrison’s Guns. The shooting powers, building up, and finish of these guns, are well known to be first class.
Forgers, barrel-borers, machinists, stockers, engravers, and finishers being constantly employed on the premises. The best workmanship can be guaranteed.
Accessories of Breech-loader supplied.
La Mode. — Ladies’ Pique Dresses, Jackets, Seaside and Country Costumes
Braided in a Superior Style from Original Designs.
A large assortment of Children’s Dresses, Jackets, Capes, Babies’ Robes, Ladies’ Skirts, Drawlets, Garibaldi, Camisoles, Toilet Sets, Bed Bags, Antimacassars, &c., for Braiding or Working, to select from; any Article required to Special Design or Size can be Manufactured to Order at a few hours’ notice.
J. GANLY,
Designer and Manufacturer of Embroidery and Braiding Patterns,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN
TOYS, BERLIN WOOLS, HABERDASHERY, FANCY GOODS, ETC.,
29, London Street, Norwich.
J. G. has just received a large stock of FANCY GOODS and other articles connected with his trade, and respectfully informs his Friends, Visitors to the City, and the Public, that, for variety, quality, and economical charges, they will find no establishment competent to offer them the same advantages.
Thomas Cott, Pottergate Street
ST. GREGORY’S, NORWICH,
PAWNBROKER.
Money Lent on Plate.
Advances made of £10 and upwards upon Plate
and Valuable Goods on reasonable terms.
JAS. Blazeby, Animal Portrait Painter
16, BETHEL STREET,
NORWICH,
Respectfully informs the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the Eastern Counties, and Citizens of Norwich, that he continues to execute any orders entrusted to his care with promptitude and accuracy, and he has been patronized by the following Ladies and Gentlemen:—
| Dowager Lady Suffield | G. E. Beauchamp, Esq. |
| Lady Affleck | G. S. Kett, Esq. |
| Lady Banbury | Rev. J. Holmes |
| Lady Henriette Harvey | J. T. Mott, Esq. |
| The Hon. Mr. Burroughes | E. Beare, Esq. |
| The Hon. Mr. A. Wodehouse | C. Crawshay, Esq. |
| H. N. Burroughes, Esq. | J. Cann, Esq. |
| Hay Gurney, Esq. | G. Durrant, Esq. |
| AND THE MEMBERS OF THE SMITHFIELD CLUB. | |
W. S. Boulton
Patentee of
LAWN MOWING MACHINES,
And Manufacturer of all kinds of
WIRE NETTING FOR GAME, SHEEP, AVIARIES, &C.
STRAINED WIRE FENCING,
IRON HURDLES, ENTRANCE GATES,
AGRICULTURAL & HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,
CONSERVATORIES AND GREENHOUSES
IN WOOD OR IRON,
GARDEN CHAIRS, WATER BARROWS, WATER AND
LIQUID MANURE CARTS, GARDEN ENGINES,
KITCHEN RANGES, HOT WATER APPARATUS, &c., &c.
ROSE LANE IRON & WIRE WORKS,
NORWICH.
To be Published in Four Quarterly Parts. Royal Folio.
Part I. Now Ready, Price 6/-. Separate Sheets 1/6 each.
POST FREE, TWO STAMPS EXTRA.
WINTER’S
FOLIO OF DROLLERY,
Containing Comical, Curious, and Quaint Subjects.
Drawn and Lithographed in a superior Style, from Designs by
C. J. W. WINTER, and the early humorous artists.
To be had wholesale and retail of the Artist and Publisher, 22, Bethel Street, Norwich.
As there will be but a limited number of Copies printed, an early application is respectfully solicited from the trade, &c.
Coloured Copies to Order Only.
Portraits painted from Life; also faithfully copied and enlarged to any size, and in any style, from small or faded Photographs.
Portraits of Animals correctly painted in a style not to be equalled by any Artist in the County.
Artistic and Antiquarian Subjects of every kind for book and other Illustrations accurately drawn and lithographed, in the best way only.
Old Paintings cleaned and altogether restored.
March, 1669.
OBSERVE: 22, BETHEL STREET, NORWICH.
Chamberlin, Sons, & Co.
SILK MERCERS,
LINEN AND WOOLLEN DRAPERS,
HABERDASHERS, CARPET FACTORS,
AND
Wholesale Manchester Warehousemen,
IMPORTERS OF
FRENCH AND OTHER CONTINENTAL MANUFACTURES.
FAMILY MOURNING.
NORWICH.
J. Dyer
(LATE WOMACK)
10, 11, & 12, WHITE LION STREET, NORWICH,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
Wholesale & Retail Clothier, Hatter, & General Outfitter
TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD.
THE ORDER DEPARTMENT,
The largest and most attractive out of London, is presided over by a careful foreman of extensive experience and first-class talent, assisted by four eminent practical cutters; a perfect and graceful fit can be fully relied upon.
THE READY-MADE DEPARTMENT.
Spacious Show and Fitting Rooms are here provided, comprising stock of upwards of 30,000 Garments to select from, suited for every class of society.
Ladies’ Riding Habits, Gipsy Cloaks, Jackets, &c.
Clerical and Professional Attire. Clergymen’s Surplices and Gowns to order.
SERVANTS’ LIVERIES.
Barnard, Bishop, & Barnards’ — Patent Noiseless Lawn Mower
The advantages possessed by this Machine over all others are,—perfect silence when in use, great ease in working, extreme durability, certainly of action, simplicity of construction, cheapness.
| Width of Cutter. | Prices. | |||
| 8-inch Machine | £2 | 10 | 0 | Easily worked by a Child |
| 10,, ditto | 3 | 5 | 0 | Easily worked by a Lady |
| 12,, ditto | 4 | 10 | 0 | |
| 14,, ditto | 5 | 0 | 0 | Easily worked by a Man |
| 16,, ditto | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| 18,, ditto | 6 | 10 | 0 | Easily worked by Man & Boy |
| 20,, ditto | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| 22,, ditto | 7 | 10 | 0 | Easily worked by Two Men |
FOR DONKEY OR PONY.
| To cut 22 inches | £8 | 0 | 0 | To cut 27 inches | £10 | 10 | 0 |
| ,, 24,, | 9 | 0 | 0 | ,, 30,, | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Improved Extra Strong Lawn Mower, with Gear Wheels for a Horse.
To cut 30 inches £16 | To cut 36 inches £19 | To cut 42 inches £22
Packed and Delivered Carriage Free to the principal Railway Stations in England.
Guaranteed to give satisfaction, and if not approved can be returned.
MANUFACTURERS OF
MACHINE-MADE GALVANIZED WIRE NETTING,
FOR GAME, AVIARIES, PHEASANTRIES, SHEEP, &c.
Of Every Description, from ½-inch to 6-inch Mesh.
ALL NETTINGS GALVANIZED AFTER MADE.
Strained Wire Fencing, Iron Hurdles and Gates, Iron Chairs, for Garden or Camp, Patent and Cottage Mangles, Garden Rollers, with Single and Double Cylinders, Universal Kitchen Ranges, Stable Fittings, &c.
Illustrated Lists Forwarded on Application.
BARNARD, BISHOP, AND BARNARDS,
Wire Drawers, Galvanisers, and Malleable Iron Founders,
NORFOLK IRON WORKS, NORWICH.
RETAIL ESTABLISHMENT—MARKET PLACE.
J. And J. King
Glazed Sanitary Tube Depôt
Glazed Drain Pipes of every description, Fire Bricks, Chimney Pots, Metallic Tiles all colours, Adamatine Clinkers, Cement, and every article connected with the building trade at
GEORGE LING’S,
ALL SAINTS’ GREEN, NORWICH.
N.B.—The Largest Stock in the Eastern Counties.
The Golden Ploughshare
G. C. STEVENS,
Wholesale and Retail Ironmonger,
ORFORD HILL, NORWICH.
Howard’s Prize Ploughs & Harrows. Long’s Sheep Dressing Compositions.
Agent for Ransomes and Sims’ Agricultural Implements.
GOODS UPON SALE OR HIRE.
The Cheapest House in the Eastern Counties for MARBLE CHIMNEY
PIECES, &c., is
J. R. CHILDS’
MARBLE, STONE, & CEMETERY WORKS.
Manufacturer of TABLETS, FONTS, MONUMENTAL TOMBS,
SLABS FOR CABINET WORK, &c.,
ST. GILES’ GATES, NORWICH.
Every description of Marble and Stone Work Executed at the
Lowest possible Prices.
Robert Morley
(Late Wiseman & Co.)
Importer & Dealer in Wines & Spirits,
POST OFFICE STREET,
NORWICH.
E. Cunningham. — Photographic Artist
ST. BENEDICT’S GATES, NORWICH.
CARTE DE VISITE, 1s.,
EXTRA COPIES SIXPENCE EACH, OR FIVE SHILLINGS PER DOZEN.
COPYING AND ENGRAVING.
Thomas Worledge
WHOLESALE
Boot, Shoe, Upper Manufacturer,
MAGDALEN STREET, ST. SAVIOUR’S,
NORWICH.
Baker’s Register Office for Servants, the Bath House, Bank Street, Norwich
Servants of Good Character constantly in demand.
THE BATHS IN BANK STREET
Are Open Daily (Sundays excepted) from 7 a.m. till 10 p.m.
First Class, 1s. 6d. Second Class, 1s. Third Class, 6d. Male or Female.
Howes & Sons
Carriage & Harness Manufacturers,
CHAPEL FIELD, NORWICH.
The Largest Stock of Carriages in the Eastern Counties. — Carriage, Harness, and Saddlery Works, Norwich
Established 1750.
JOLLY AND SON
Solicit inspection of their Varied Assortment of NEW and SECOND-HAND CARRIAGES, particularly their Sefton Barouche Landaus and Barouches, Waggonettes, Extra Light American Carriages, Park Phaetons, Alexandra Cars, Gem Miniature Broughams—the lightest ever constructed, Fulcrum-Shaft Dog Carts, Game Carts, Norwich Cars, &c., &c.
Miniature Landulet Broughams, with circular fronts, just invented and perfected (after much trouble and expence) by Jolly & Son. The most unique Open and Close Carriages for a Cob—light, low, easy of access—the metallic parts of steel, and hickory wheels; the weight reduced to the minimum. The roof and glasses fall quite flat, as the Sefton Landaus. From 6½ Cwt.
Carriages and Harness Jobbed, with option of purchase, or furnished for stated periods, on annual payments, afterwards becoming the property of the Hirer.
“Improved Patent Conical Axles” and Hickory Wheels, fitted to any
description of Vehicle.
IMPROVED BICYCLE VELOCIPEDES, OWN MAKE, £10.
The Greatest Novelty of the Day Is the Picture Music Book. By T. H. Brown, A.C.P.
This work consists of a Book containing the Rudiments of Music, together with more than 20 Coloured Engravings, 47 Tinted Cards, Ivory Pegs, and a handsome Music Board,—with which can be played several Amusing Games which will ensure a thorough knowledge of the Rudiments of Music. Eminent Musicians have pronounced it to be a Great Boon to Children. Price Five Shillings.
W. Howlett & Sons, 2, Market Place, Norwich.
Registered under the Copyright Act.
T. W. Stevens, the Well-Known City Tailor
Near CASTLE HOTEL,
CASTLE MEADOW, NORWICH.
Royal Hotel
MARKET PLACE, NORWICH.
FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL,
MISS DENNIS, MANAGER.
Webb’s Practical Farmer’s Account Book
Foolscap folio, half-bound, 6s.; Post folio, for Large Farms, 7s. 6d. 29th Edition.
“THE VERY BEST FARM BOOK WE HAVE EVER SEEN.”—Mark Lane Express.
LONDON: JARROLD AND SONS, 12, PATERNOSTER ROW.
R. A. Margetson, Cemetery, Ecclesiastical and General — Stone Works, Bank Street, and Bishop Bridge, Norwich
Established 1811
BIRD & CO.,
BREWERS,
WINE & SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
ST. MILES’ COSLANY, NORWICH.
W. North, Bricklayer & Plasterer, Artificial Stone Works
RISING SUN ROAD, NORWICH.
William Watts’
(LATE J. LINCOLN’S)
Pipe, Match, Blacking and Ink Works,
SYNAGOGUE STREET, KING STREET, NORWICH.
Books for the Household and for Presents
Attractive Volumes, handsomely bound in cloth, with
Frontispiece, in Colours by Dickes.
AT ONE SHILLING & SIXPENCE EACH.
Mother’s trials and triumphs, and other Tales. For Fathers and Mothers.
HOME HAPPINESS, and other Tales.
WHEN TO SAY “NO!” and other Tales. For Working Men.
THE HAPPY LIFE, and other Tales. For Young Women.
HOW TO RISE IN THE WORLD, and other Tales. For Young Men.
POPULAR READINGS.
STARTING IN LIFE, and other Tales. For Boys and Girls.
THE POETRY OF HOME AND SCHOOL LIFE.
THE PATHWAY OF HEALTH.
MARRIAGE BELLS, and other Tales. For Young Men and Women.
HOME! SWEET HOME! and other Tales.
TALES IN RHYME.
The whole in Box with Glass Front, including Lending Library Catalogue, for One Guinea. Should be in every Family. An admirable present to a Clergyman or District Visitor. Any volume may be had separately, post free, for the amount in Stamps.
JARROLD & SONS, 12, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON;
AND LONDON STREET, NORWICH.
Edward S. Bignold, Esq.
SOLICITOR, SURREY STREET,
AGENT AT NORWICH FOR THE
ROYAL-EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
Incorporated A.D. 1720, by Royal Charter.
CHIEF OFFICE, IN THE ROYAL EXCHANGE,
London.
Branch Office, 29, Pall Mall.
Octavius Wigram, Esq., Governor.
James Stewart Hodgson, Esq., Sub-Governor.
Charles John Manning, Esq., Deputy-Governor.
DIRECTORS.
| Henry Bainbridge, Esq. | William Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. |
| Robert Barclay, Esq. | Wilmot Holland, Esq. |
| John Garratt Cattley, Esq. | Nevile Lubbock, Esq. |
| Mark Currie Close, Esq. | G. Forbes Malcolmson, Esq. |
| Edward Jas. Daniell, Esq. | Henry Nelson, Esq. |
| William Davidson, Esq. | Lord Josceline Wm. Percy. |
| Thomas Dent, Esq. | Charles Robinson, Esq. |
| Alexander Druce, Esq. | Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq. |
| Frederick J. Edlmann, Esq. | Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. |
| C. Hermann Göschen, Esq. | Joseph Somes, Esq. |
| Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. | William Wallace, Esq. |
| Robt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. | Charles Baring Young, Esq. |
Secretary, Robert P. Steele, Esq.
Manager of Marine Insurances, John Leatherdale, Esq.
Actuary, Thos. B. Winser, Esq.
Superintendent of Fire Department, Charles P. Ball, Esq.
Cashier and Accountant, John Hooper, Esq.
Consulting Surgeon, Samuel Solly, Esq., F.R.S., 6, Savile Row, W.
This office was founded by the leading Merchants of London in the year 1717, and was incorporated by Charters of His Majesty George the First, dated the 22nd June, 1720, and the 29th April, 1721, respectively, for granting SEA, FIRE, AND LIFE ASSURANCES. The powers conferred by these Charters have been confirmed by Special Acts of Parliament.
Persons assured with this Corporation incur no mutual Liability as Partners, nor do they depend upon an uncertain Fund; the large invested Capital-Stock of the Corporation affords unquestionable Security for the fulfilment of its engagements.
Patent Fountain Pump Works, Norwich
The best Pumps that are: Dispute it who dare!!
Forty years’ PRACTICAL and UNPARALLELED experience has PROVED that
SHALDERS’ PUMPS
are the most effective, durable, and economical in the world, for all the requirements of civilized life. They yield 98 per cent. of the power applied; no other Pump or Machine returns 50, and seldom more than 30 per cent.
UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.
A. Austrin’s Baby Linen and Ladies’ Outfitting Establishment, 5, Orford Hill, Norwich
ESTABLISHED 1830.