Glossary
Acrania: animals without skull (cranium).
Anthropogeny: the evolution (genesis) of man (anthropos).
Anthropology: the science of man.
Archi-: (in compounds) the first or typical—as, archi-cytula, archi-gastrula, etc.
Biogeny: the science of the genesis of life (bios).
Blast-: (in compounds) pertaining to the early embryo (blastos = a bud); hence:—
Blastoderm: skin (derma) or enclosing layer of the embryo.
Blastosphere: the embryo in the hollow sphere stage.
Blastula: same as preceding.
Epiblast: the outer layer of the embryo (ectoderm).
Hypoblast: the inner layer of the embryo (endoderm).
Branchial: pertaining to the gills (branchia).
Caryo-: (in compounds) pertaining to the nucleus (caryon); hence:—
Caryokineses: the movement of the nucleus.
Caryolysis: dissolution of the nucleus.
Caryoplasm: the matter of the nucleus.
Centrolecithal: see under Lecith-.
Chordaria and Chordonia: animals with a dorsal chord or back-bone.
Cœlom or Cœloma: the body-cavity in the embryo; hence:—
Cœlenterata: animals without a body-cavity.
Cœlomaria: animals with a body-cavity.
Cœlomation: formation of the body-cavity.
Cyto-: (in compounds) pertaining to the cell (cytos); hence:—
Cytoblast: the nucleus of the cell.
Cytodes: cell-like bodies, imperfect cells.
Cytoplasm: the matter of the body of the cell.
Cytosoma: the body (soma) of the cell.
Cryptorchism: abnormal retention of the testicles in the body.
Deutoplasm: see Plasm.
Dualism: the belief in the existence of two entirely distinct principles (such as matter and spirit).
Dysteleology: the science of those features in organisms which refute the “design-argument”.
Ectoderm: the outer (ekto) layer of the embryo.
Entoderm: the inner (ento) layer of the embryo.
Epiderm: the outer layer of the skin.
Epigenesis: the theory of gradual development of organs in the embryo.
Epiphysis: the third or central eye in the early vertebrates.
Episoma: see Soma.
Epithelia: tissues covering the surface of parts of the body (such as the mouth, etc.)
Gonads: the sexual glands.
Gonochorism: separation of the male and female sexes.
Gonotomes: sections of the sexual glands.
Gynecomast: a male with the breasts (masta) of a woman (gyne).
Hepatic: pertaining to the liver (hepar).
Holoblastic: embryos in which the animal and vegetal cells divide equally (holon = whole).
Hypermastism: the possession of more than the normal breasts (masta).
Hypobranchial: underneath (hypo) the gills.
Hypophysis: sensitive-offshoot from the brain in the vertebrate.
Hyposoma: see Soma.
Lecith-: pertaining to the yelk (lecithus); hence:—
Centrolecithal: eggs with the yelk in the centre.
Lecithoma: the yelk-sac.
Telolecithal: eggs with the yelk at one end.
Meroblastic: cleaving in part (meron) only.
Meta-: (in compounds) the “after” or secondary stage; hence:—
Metagaster: the secondary or permanent gut (gaster).
Metaplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm.
Metastoma: the secondary or permanent mouth (stoma).
Metazoa: the higher or later animals, made up of many cells.
Metovum: the mature or advanced ovum.
Metamera: the segments into which the embryo breaks up.
Metamerism: the segmentation of the embryo.
Monera: the most primitive of the unicellular organisms.
Monism: belief in the fundamental unity of all things.
Morphology: the science of organic forms (generally equivalent to anatomy).
Myotomes: segments into which the muscles break up.
Nephra: the kidneys; hence:—
Nephridia: the rudimentary kidney-organs.
Nephrotomes: the segments of the developing kidneys.
Ontogeny: the science of the development of the individual (generally equivalent to embryology).
Perigenesis: the genesis of the movements in the vital particles.
Phagocytes: cells that absorb food (phagein = to eat).
Phylogeny: the science of the evolution of species (phyla).
Planocytes: cells that move about (planein).
Plasm: the colloid or jelly-like matter of which organisms are composed; hence:—
Caryoplasm: the matter of the nucleus (caryon).
Cytoplasm: the matter of the body of the cell.
Deutoplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm.
Metaplasm: secondary or differentiated plasm.
Protoplasm: primitive or undifferentiated plasm.
Plasson: the simplest form of plasm.
Plastidules: small particles of plasm.
Polyspermism: the penetration of more than one sperm-cell into the ovum.
Pro- or Prot: (in compounds) the earlier form (opposed to Meta); hence:—
Prochorion: the first form of the chorion.
Progaster: the first or primitive stomach.
Pronephridia: the earlier form of the kidneys.
Prorenal: the earlier form of the kidneys.
Prostoma: the first or primitive mouth.
Protists: the earliest or unicellular organisms.
Provertebræ: the earliest phase of the vertebræ.
Protophyta: the primitive or unicellular plants.
Protoplasm: undifferentiated plasm.
Protozoa: the primitive or unicellular animals.
Renal: pertaining to the kidneys (renes).
Scatulation: packing or boxing-up (scatula = a box).
Sclerotomes: segments into which the primitive skeleton falls.
Soma: the body; hence:—
Cytosoma: the body of the cell (cytos).
Episoma: the upper or back-half of the embryonic body.
Somites: segments of the embryonic body.
Hyposoma: the under or belly-half of the embryonic body.
Teleology: the belief in design and purpose (telos) in nature.
Telolecithal: see Lecith-.
Umbilical: pertaining to the navel (umbilicus).
Vitelline: pertaining to the yelk (vitellus).