Index

Aaron, 102, 277, 300, 310, 318

Abdul Hamid, Sultan, 139

Abraham, diamond of, 377

luminous stones in his city, 161, 276

Abrasax (Abraxas), 126-130

meaning of name, 127

Acrostics expressed with stones, 359-362

Adamas (diamond?), 39, 95, 157, 163

of high-priest, 278

Adam’s Peak, Ceylon, gems from, 75

Adelbert, St., 164

Ælian, 161

Ætites, 34

Agalmatolite, 48

Agate, 51-54, 132, 236, 237, 265, 296, 305, 336

amulets in the Soudan, 54

amulets of, cut in Idar and Oberstein, 54

banded, 39, 233, 296

coral, for an air-ship, 53

eye-agates and “Aleppo Stones,” 39, 149, 150

gem of Gemini, 346

of Mercury, 350

of Venus, 349

in breastplate, 276

with veinings figuring diadem, 267

Agatharcides, 66

Agricola, Georgius, 141

Agrippa, Cornelius, 181, 335, 336

Aḥlamah, stone of breastplate, 297

Air-ship, with coral agate, 52, 53

Alabaster, 35, 36

Alaric, 283

“Albert,” “Le Grand,” “Le Petit,” treatises on stones, 18

Albertus Magnus, 7, 17, 68, 77, 78, 146, 387

Albite, 48

“Aleppo Stones,” 149

boil, 149

Alexander the Great, 68, 96, 125

Alexander II of Russia, 54

Alexandria, 125, 126, 130

Alexandrite, 54, 55

cat’s-eye, 334

Alfonso X, “Lapidario” of, 63, 348, 376

Alford, Henry, 304

Allanite, from Virginia, 366

Almandine garnet, 37, 59, 293

Amazonite, from Maine, 365

Amber, 34, 55-58

in deposits of Stone Age, 55, 57

in Mycenæ, 57

origin of, 55, 56

therapeutic effect of, 372

with initials naturally marked, 57, 58

Amboin, 62

American Museum of Nat. Hist., vi, vii, 219, 234, 249, 254

Amethyst, 37, 119, 134, 145, 237, 243, 244, 297, 303, 305, 336

as antidote to drunkenness, 58, 371

as symbol of St. Matthias, 313

gem of Jupiter, 348

of Pisces, 345

in breastplate, 276

legend of, 58, 59

ring of St. Valentine, 257

symbolism of, 269

Amulets, Alexandrian, 125-129

Assyrian, of seven stones, 230

attraction of astral influence to, 340

Burmese, 266

canon on, at Council of Laodicea, 42

Chinese, of five stones, 40

directions for preparing, 39

Egyptian, 38, 226-229

etymology of word, 22

for heart, 227-229

for horses, 130

Gnostic, 125-129

in Austro-Prussian War, 25

in Russo-Japanese War, 25

Japanese, called magatama, 265

Jewish, 43

of five stones, pancharatna, 241

of nine stones, naoratna, 241, 242-245

origin of, 19-24

sailors’, 38, 39

with head of Alexander the Great, 131

Amymone, image of, in emerald, 139, 140

Andalusite, 47

Andreas, bishop of Cæsarea, on apostles’ stones, 311, 313

Andromeda, image of, on gem, 140

Angels, 275

guardian of the months, 326-332

guardian, stones dedicated to, 339, 340

nine orders of, 314

twelve, 303

twelve guardian, 322

“Anne of Geierstein” and the opal, 143

Anthrax (carbuncle), 162

Apocalyptic gems, significance of, 305

Apollonius of Tyana, seven rings of, 244

Apostles, lists of the twelve, 304

stones of, 303-306

Aquamarine (beryl), 299, 320

therapeutic effect of, 387

Aquarius, zodiacal sign of, 345, 353

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 17

Aragonite, 251

Aries, zodiacal sign, 341, 342, 345, 353

Aristotle, pseudo-, 160, 163

Arsinoë, wife of Ptolemy II, 67, 93

Artemisia vulgaris, 212

Artemidorus, 356, 357

Ashmole, Elias, 167

Assher, 289, 300

Asteria, 106, 107

Astral stones, 321, 338-363

fixed stars controlling, 351, 352

images of constellations on, 352-355

influence of stars on, 338, 339

Athene of Phidias, 167

Aubrey, John, 196

Augustine, St., 126, 282

Augustus, 342

Auto-suggestion, 3

Aventurine, 48

Axinite, 48

Azchalias of Babylon, 80

“Azoth” of Paracelsus, 6

Azur-malachite, from Arizona, 364

Babylonian axe-head, 233, 234

cylinders, 121-123, 204

Bacchus and Amethyst, 58, 59

Baccio, Andrea, 158

Bacon, Roger, 182, 183

Baelz, Dr. Erwin, 265

Balas-ruby, 64, 349

Ball, Dr. Valentine, 76

Baltic Coast, amber of the, 56

Bareketh, stone of breastplate, 291, 292

Barium sulphate, 9

Bartolomæus Anglicus, 91, 94, 104, 150

Basalt, 227

Basilides, 126, 129

Basilidian gems, 126-130

Batman, Stephen, 150

Bela IV of Hungary, emerald in ring of, 77, 78

Belgium, jet in cave deposits of, 92

Belisarius, 283

Belucci collection of worked jade at Perugia, 264

Belucci, Prof. Giuseppe, vii

Benitoite, from California, 364

Benjamin, 289, 297

Benoni, Rabbi, 72

Berenice, mother of Ptolemy II, 67

Berlin Museum, 36

Berthelot, Pierre Eugène Marcellin, 174

Beryl, 39, 59, 60, 119, 133, 134, 234, 236, 237, 299, 303, 305, 313, 320, 336

as symbol of St. Thomas, 312

gem of the moon, 348

of Scorpio, 347

in breastplate, 276

Bes, god, image of, 36

Bejazet II, 154

Bezoar, 340

Birth-stones, see Natal Stones

Black, Christian symbolism of, 273

in occult ritual, 336

symbolism of, 32

Black opal of New South Wales, 152

Blake, W. W., vii

Blessington, Countess of, verses on opal, 143

Bloodstone, 133

causing tempests, 60

checking hemorrhages, 28

figuring blood of Christ, 267

gem of Aries, 345

in Leyden papyrus, 61

therapeutic effect of, 370, 390, 391

Blue, Christian symbolism of, 273

gems in dreams, 357

significance of, 31

silver, worn in Siam for Friday; dark for Saturday, 335

Bologna stone, 168

Bondaroy, Jean de la Taille de, 5

Book of the Dead, 38, 86, 225, 227, 228, 229, 290, 297

Book of Wings, Ragiel’s, 132

Boot, Anselmus de, 56, 65, 106, 109, 110, 271

Borgia, Card. Stefano, 234

Borneo, breeding pearls in, 42

Boyle, Robert, 169, 170, 171, 391

Braddock, Dr. Charles, vii

Breastplate of high-priest, 16, 120, 231, 307, 308, 309, 310, 319

stones of, 275-302

names of, in ancient lists, 301

probable modern names of, 301

Breastplate of Judgment, 16

Buddha, 238

Buddhabhatta, 71, 73

Budge, Dr. Ernest A. Wallis, vii, 227

Burgh, Hubert de, 44

Burke, Capt. John G., 202

Burma, amulets of, 266

Burton, Sir Richard Francis, star-sapphire of, 106

Cæsar, Julius, 341

Cagliostro (Giuseppe Balsamo), 198

Cairo Museum, 38, 201, 297

Calamine, religious use of, 271, 272

Calculus, renal, curious poem on, 384

California Midwinter Mem. Mus., San Francisco, vi

Californite, 323

Callais, 108

Cancer, zodiacal sign, 346, 354

Canrobert, Marshal, faith in amulets, 25

Cantimpré, Thomas de, 17, 59

Capricorn, zodiacal sign, 342, 347

Carbuncle, 33, 39, 145, 162, 168, 174, 243, 292, 305, 343, 357, 372

as symbol of Christ’s sacrifice, 61

brought by serpent, 62

gem of Venus, 348

in breastplate, 276

Carcinia, 34

Cardano, Girolamo, 52, 70, 78, 83, 98, 151, 160, 264

Carnelian, 6, 36, 37, 119, 124, 133, 226, 227, 229, 265, 290, 291, 319

Arabic inscription on, 63

engraved with zodiacal signs, 341

figures engraved in, by Israelites, 120

gem of Virgo, 346

of the Sun and Venus, 348

Goethe’s praise of, 62

identified with odem-stone of breastplate, 120

Mohammed’s seal-ring of, 64

Napoleon’s seal of, 64

Oriental use against envy, 63

therapeutic effect of, 370

Carrington, Hereward, vii

Catherine de’ Medici, girdle of, set with talismanic stones, 317

Cat’s-eye, 65, 238, 242, 243, 244

alexandrite, 334

chrysoberyl, 333

quartz, 334

Cellini, Benvenuto, 154

Celonite, 134

Ceraunia, 34, 134, 162

Cernowitz, Hungary, opals of, 148

Cethel, 140

Ceylon, 54, 65, 75, 165, 252, 324

Chalazia (rock-crystal), 34

Chalcedony, 39, 65, 122, 134, 265, 303, 305, 313, 372

as symbol of St. Andrew, 312

gem of Capricorn, 347

Chalchiuhatl, “water of precious stones,” in Aztec, 40

Chalchiuitl (jadeite?), 247, 251

Charles I of England, 262

Charles V of France, 388

Charles V of Germany and the turquoise, 24

Charles XII of Sweden, 57

Chau Ju-Kua, 165

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 43

Chelonites, 34

Chiastolite (macle) as religious symbol, 270

therapeutic effect of, 270

Childeric, crystal ball of, 219-221

Chinese amulets, 40, 84-87

Chin T’sang Khi, of loadstone, 95

Chirocrates, 93

Chlorastrolite, from Minnesota, 365

Chlorophane, luminescence of, 172, 173

Christ, blood of, figured in bloodstone, 267

colors symbolical of his sacrifice, 274

foundation stones symbols of, 313

head of, naturally figured in quartz, 267, 268

natural images of, in stones, 266, 267, 268, 269

sacrifice of, symbolized by amethyst, 269

Chromium oxide, 10

Chrysoberyl, 54, 65, 313

cat’s-eye, 333

Chrysolampis, 164

Chrysolite, 29, 133, 291, 297, 303, 305

as symbol of St. Bartholomew, 312

from the “Serpent Isle,” 66

gem of Libra, 346

of the Sun, 347

in Cologne Cathedral, 66

statue of Arsinoë in, 67

Chrysoprase, 11, 37, 67, 265, 303, 305, 313, 316, 319

as symbol of St. Thaddeus, 312

of Alexander the Great, 68

Chrysostom, John, 125

Cicero, his daughter’s emerald, 31

Claudian, 94

Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, 266

Cleandro, Arnobio, 165, 372

Clemens Alexandrinus, 309

Clement VI, 389

Clement VII, 342, 378

Clerc, Dr. G. O., vii

Cock, the, on amulets, 137

Cologne, chrysolites in cathedral of, 66

Color, Christian symbolism of, 273, 274

of gems and vestments for each day of the week in Siam, 335

symbolism of, 29-33

therapeutic effect of, 27-29, 33, 370

Confucius and musical jade, 87

Consecration of precious stones, 44, 45

Constantine, King of Greece, star-sapphire in sword-hilt of, 334

Constantine the Great, 136, 286, 373

Constellations, symbols of, in engraved gems, 352-355

Coral, 40, 68, 69, 236, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246

gem of Venus, 348

red, superstition in regard to, explained, 160, 161

therapeutic effect of, 372

Cornelius à Lapide (Van den Steen), 280

Corundum, 39, 252, 344, 372

Council of Laodicea, canon on amulets, 42

Countries, gem of, 363, 364

Crocidolite (Krokidolite), 360

Cronstedt, Axel Frederic, 271

Crookes, Sir William, 172

Cross, monogrammatic, 136

of Christ, found by St. Helena, 286

Crusades, 66

Crux ansata, 135

Crystal ball, called “Currahmore Crystal,” 223

from Madagascar, 217

in Grüne Gewölbe, Dresden, 223

in sepulchres, 219-222

Japanese, 217, 218

of Childeric, 219-221

Crystal gazing, 176-224

Ctesiphon, sack of, 284, 285

“Currahmore Crystal,” 223

Cyanite, 49

Cyanus, 119

Cylinders, Assyro-Babylonian, 121-123, 204

“Cyrianides,” Greek treatise on stones, 16

Damigeron, 15, 90, 104, 132, 140, 141

Damour, A., vii

Dan, 289, 297

Days of the week, ritual gems worn in occult ceremony, 336

gems of the, 332, 333

Dee, Dr. John, 189-196

Delhi, 79

Demantoid, 49

Dendrite, 360

Diamond, 10, 28, 32, 69-76, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 269, 280, 281, 294, 344, 348, 375

as natal stone, 308, 320

breeding, 41, 72

combustion of, 71

“Diamond Throne,” 238

elmêshu in Assyrian (?), 231

gem of reconciliation, 70

of the Sun, 349

of Winter, 323, 326, 327

in breastplate, 276

medicinal use of, 153

names of Hindu castes given to, 71, 73

paleness sign of infidelity, 157

Sanskrit names of, 343

secured by birds, 75, 176

symbolism of, 235

talismanic effect of various shapes of, 154

Talmudic legend of, 74

therapeutic effect of, 386-389

used as poison, Bejazet II, Paracelsus, Cellini, Sir Thomas Overbury, 154-156

“Diamond Throne,” 238

Diana and Amethyst, 59

Diaspore, 47

Didius Julianus, Emperor, 178

Diodorus, Bishop of Tyre, 16

Diodorus Siculus, 66, 298

Dionysius Periegetes, 298

Dioptase, gem of the Congo, 363

Dioskorides, Greek gem-engraver, 342

Disease in precious stones, 5

Dolce, Ludovico, 18

Domitian, 341

Donnerkeil, 162

Draper, Mrs. Henry, vii

Dreams, books of, ancient, 356, 357

meaning of precious stones seen in, 356-358

Ebers Papyrus, 367, 368, 388

Echites, 34

Edda, 146

Edward III of England, 387

Edward VI of England, 98

Egmund Abbey, luminous stone of, 164

Elæolite, 47

Electrum, 37, 295

Elizabeth, Queen of England, 150, 189, 374

Elizabeth, St., 268

luminous stone in shrine of, 165

ring of, 165

Emerald, 28, 34, 68, 76-79, 90, 132, 145, 234, 236, 237, 238, 240, 242, 280, 293, 303, 305, 313, 336, 349, 372

as burnt offering, 255

as symbol of St. John, 312

blinding of serpent by, 158

engraved, of Ismenias, 139, 140

gem of Cancer, 346

of Jupiter, 348

of Spring, 323, 324

in breastplate, 276

in Revelation, 304

luminous, in tomb of Hermias, 167

of Isabella da Este, 31

of Mt. Zabara, Nubia, 292, 324

of Otho I of Germany, 260

of Tullia, 31

one adored by ancient Peruvians, 247, 248

(supposed) cup in Genoa, 258, 259

therapeutic effect of, 370, 375, 379-382

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 24

Engraved gems as talismans, 115-142

Envy, Oriental use of carnelian against, 63

Ephod of high-priest, 276, 277

Ephraim, 288, 289

Epidote, 360

Epiphanius, St., 16, 67, 157, 278, 295, 311, 313

Epitaphs illustrating symbolism of gems, 272, 273

Erasmus, Desiderius, 34

Eridanus, 56

Essonite, 359

Euclase, 47

Euphrates, 68

Europa, 33

Eusebius, 373

Evax, 15, 59

Evil Eye, 39, 42, 54, 72, 106, 107, 137, 138, 139, 148, 150

Eye-agates, 39, 149, 150

Ezekiel, 231, 275, 314

Farrington, Dr. Oliver C., vii

Fay, Mons du, 170, 171

Feavearyear, A. W., vii

Feits’ui (Imperial jade), 83, 85

Feldspar, 229, 292

Ferez, Dr. Paul, 33

Fetichism, 19, 26, 37

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, vi, 51, 66

Fire-opal, 47

Flint, Dr. Earle, 86

Fluorescence, 169-174

Fluorspar, 9, 67

Foundation stones, 307, 310-314, 316, 317

associated with apostles, 303-306

with Twelve Tribes, 314

Fowlerite, from New Jersey, 365

Francis I of France, 342

Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, 57

Gabelchover, Wolfgang, 158, 380

Gad, 289, 299

Gadolinite, 49

Gagates, 49

Galactides, 49

Galen, 300, 376, 385

Galopetræ, Cretan seals, 123

Garcias ab Orta, 153, 166, 167

Garnets, 265, 316

almandine, 37, 59, 293

as bullets, 33

engraved, 133

gem of Aquarius, 345

therapeutic effect of, 370

Gem-city of Dwaraka, 236

of Kusavati, 236

described by Lucian, 237

Gemini, zodiacal sign, 346, 354, 355

“Gemma Augustea” of Vienna Collection, 342

Genlis, Mme. de, of “Le Saphire Merveilleux,” 105

George V of England, 288

Geranites, 34

Gesner, Conrad, 252, 259

Gesta Romanorum, 35

Gimma, Giacinto, 29

Glanvil, Joseph, 197

Gnostic gems, 126-130

Goethe, Wolfgang von, 62, 187

Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, 254

Gonelli, Giuseppe, 65, 379

Gonzaga da Este, Isabella, emerald of, 31

Goodrich-Freer, Miss, 208, 209

Gratacap, Dr. L. P., vii

Green, Christian symbolism of, 273

curative effects of, 28

gems in dreams, 357

significance of, 31, 226, 227

stones, therapeutic effect of, 370

worn in Siam for Thursday, 335

Green, Miss Belle Da Costa, vii

Gregory II, 389

Grossularite, 47

Gyges, ring of, 7

Gypsum, 10, 79, 80

“lucky stones” of, 80

Han-yü, or “mouth jade,” 86

Hardouin, Jean, 128

Harlequin-opal, 49

Hauffe, Frederike, 9

Hecate, image of, in amulet, 40

Hector, 30

Hei-tiki of New Zealand, 87-90

Helena, St., 286

Heliades, 55

Heliodor, 49

Heliotrope, 47

Helmont, Van, 389

Hematite, 6, 38, 80, 81, 122, 218, 227

Henrietta Maria, 262

Henry III of England, 44

Henry II of France, 166

Heuen Tsang, 238

Heraclius, 286

Hermes Trismegistus, 16, 381

Hiddenite, from North Carolina, 365

Hilda, St., Abbess of Whitby, 263

Hildegard, St., 70, 82, 389

“Hind Horn and Maid Rimnild,” ballad, 156, 157

Hirth, Dr. Frederick, vii

“History of Jewels,” old gem-treatise, 17

Hoernes, Dr. Moriz, 55, 135

Höllenzwang of Dr. Faustus, 187

Homer’s Odyssey, amber necklace, 57

Iliad, use of red, 30

Horsey, Sir Jerome, 374

Horus, eye of, as scarab, 117

Hours of the day, gems of the, 337

Hudibras, 356

Human sacrifice, 3-5

Huntilite, 49

Hyacinth, see jacinth

Hyades, 343

Hyde, Major, 113

Hydrolite, from Oregon, 365

Hydromantii, 180

Hypersthene, 49

Hypnotism, 7, 8, 11, 33

Iceland spar, 9

Idar, Germany, gem-cutting at, 54

Idocrase, 359

Images, natural, in stones, 266-269

Imperial Academy, Moscow, 142

Indersoen, Norway, amber from, 57

Indicolite, 360

Initials of names figured by precious stones, 47-50

Iolite, 359

Iris, 124, 130, 132, 226, 234

image signifying blood of, 120

stone, 133

Isaiah, 305

Ishtar, jewels of, 231

Isidorus of Seville, 59

Israel, twelve tribes of, 276, 278, 282, 288, 289, 305, 314

Issachar, 289, 294

Italian MS., 14th cent., 70, 77, 134

Ivan the Terrible and his curative stones, 374, 375

Ivory, 37

Jacinth (hyacinth), 29, 81-83, 234, 242, 243, 295, 296, 303, 305, 316, 319, 344, 349, 375

as symbol of St. Simon Zelotes, 313

electuary of, 372

gem of Jupiter, 348

of Mars, 348

to dissolve magic spells, 82

to induce sleep, 83

Jade, 68, 83-90, 122, 236, 248-254, 265, 294, 300

called, with other green stones, chalchihuitl by Mexicans, 251

Chinese amulets of, 83, 84

Chinese vase of, described, 239, 240

derivation of name, 383

form of Chinese character for, 83

hei-tikis of New Zealand, 87-90

large mass of, from Jordansmühl, Silesia, 250

objects of in Chinese emperor’s collection, 245

of New Zealand, 382

talismans of, among Mohammedans, 246

therapeutic use of, 239, 381-384

where found in New and Old World, 249-251

adze, known as the “Kunz Adze,” 248, 249, 252

Jadeite, 247, 249-252, 300, 382

cross made from celt of, 264

objects of, at Perugia, 264

Jagganath, image of with eyes of precious stones, 240

James I of England, 155

Jamestown Exposition, 1907, vi

Jâmi, lines in crystal mirror, 182

Jargoon, see jacinth

Jasper, 6, 38, 90, 91, 122, 133, 135, 226, 227, 229, 252, 265, 291, 294, 298, 300, 302, 303, 305, 313, 319, 372

as symbol of St. Peter, 311

gem of Libra, 346

green, engraved with zodiacal symbols, 342

in breastplate, 276

of King Nechepsus, 385

Jerome, St., 100, 307, 310

Jessen, Dr. Peter, vii

Jet, 39, 91, 92

in burials of Pueblo Bonito, 92

in palæolithic remains, 91

of Whitby, 263, 264

John, St., 275, 303, 311

Jordansmühl, Silesia, largest mass of European jade found at, 250

Joseph, 288, 289, 295

Josephus, Flavius, 277, 278, 283, 285, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 301, 307, 309, 310

Juba, 66

Judah, 289, 293

Junot, Marshal, and the emerald, 262

Jupiter, god, 341

planet, 32, 33, 243, 336, 348, 353, 354, 355, 372

Justinian, 283

Kaldoun, Ibn, 181

Kalpa Sutra, 238

Kazwini, Al, 74

Khusrau II, 284

King, Rev. C. W., 283, 342

Knopf, 253

Konrad of Megenberg, 17, 45, 141

Koran, 111, 275

Fourth Heaven of carbuncle in the, 61, 349

Korea, national emblem of, 265

Krishna, 241

Kunzite, 171, 323

Labradorite, 360

Labrets, 252-254

Lane, E. W., experiments in crystal gazing, 205

Lang, Andrew, 180, 181, 210

Lapidaries, gods of, in ancient Mexico, 255

Lapidario, of Alfonso X, 63, 348, 376

of Marbodus (in French), 15

of Philippe de Valois, 102

of Sir John Mandeville, 71, 72, 103, 109

Lapis Armenus, 388

Lapis crucifer (staurolite), 271

Lapis-lazuli, 36, 37, 38, 92, 93, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 245, 294, 319, 336

gem of Venus, 348

image of Ma (Truth) of, 119, 122, 229, 293

therapeutic effect of, 370, 388

Lapis nephriticus (nephrite), 264

Laufer, Dr. Berthold, vii

Leczinska, Marie, 320

Leishmania tropica, 149

Lenormant, François, 233

Leo, zodiacal sign, 29, 341, 346, 354

Leonardo, Camillo, 18, 51, 58, 132

Leopold I of Germany, 221

Lepidolite, 48

Leshem, stone of breastplate, 295, 296

Levi, 288, 289, 292

Leyden papyrus, praise of bloodstone in, 61

Libra, zodiacal sign, 212, 346, 354, 355

Life in precious stones, 5

Ligure, in breastplate, 276, 295, 319

“Lithica,” poem on gems, 51, 90, 94, 163, 178

Litteromancy, 16

Llewellyn, King of Wales, 44

Loadstone, 10, 81, 93-97, 134

court decision in regard to, 96

statue of Arsinoë to be held suspended by, 93

statue of Venus of, 94

symbolical names for, 95

used as charm by Alexander the Great, 96

where first found, 93

Lodge, Sir Oliver, 214, 215

Lorenzo del Escorial, San, monastery of, gems in, 263

Lorraine, northern, jet from, 92

Loreto, Santa Casa di, 174, 262, 267

Los Cerrillos, N. M., turquoise from, 111, 112

Louis XIV, 221

Luca ben Costa, 291

Lucian, 177, 237

“Lucky stones” (gypsum), from Niagara Falls, 80

Luminous stones, 101, 174

in Abraham’s city, 161, 276

of Astarte, 163

of Egmund Abbey, 164

of Emperor Manuel’s throne, 166

of Henri II of France, 166

of King of Siam, 62

of Noah in the Ark, 161, 276

of St. Elizabeth’s shrine, 165

tale of, by Ælian, 161, 162

“Lunar-stone,” 168

Luther, Martin, 294

tale of amulet vender by, 45, 46

Lychnus or lychnitis (a spinel?), 162, 163, 357

Lydian stone, 163

Lyncurius, 56, 295

Macon, Ga., court decision about loadstone, 96

Maeterlinck, Mme., 76

Magatama amulets of Japanese, 265

Magical influences of stones, 3, 5, 6, 7, 42

Magnes, reputed discoverer of loadstone, 93

Magnet Cove, Ark., loadstone from, 96

Maharatnani, five chief gems of the naoratna, 242

Malachite, 8, 37, 299

as a child’s amulet, 97

to protect from Evil Eye, 137

to protect from falls, 97

mines of, 97

Manassah, 288, 289

Mandeville, Sir John, 71, 72, 103, 109

Manuel, Emperor, throne of, 166

Marbodus, 15, 51, 59, 70, 104, 164, 377

Marguerite de Valois, 5

Mars, the god, 81, 94, 140, 341

planet, 187, 243, 338, 348, 352, 353, 354, 355

Martial, St., jeweled gloves of, 257

Matrix-emerald, 226, 227

Medusa, head of, on talisman, 124

Meleager, 56

Mendès, Mme. Catulle, 26

Mentzel, Christian, 168

Mercury, the god, 257, 341

planet, 123, 242, 348, 352, 353, 354, 355

typical of green, 31

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 86, 130, 342

Meyer, Dr. A. B., viii

Meyers, J. L., 292, 299

“Mexican onyx,” 251

Meyer, Prof. A. B., 250

Michael, St., 257

Microcline, 50

Mithridates the Great, 80

Mizauld, Antoine, 98, 166

Mohammed’s carnelian seal-ring, 64

Moldavite, 360

Monardes, 390

Montfaucon, Bernard de, 220

Month, Hindu list of gems of the, 331

natal stones of the, 326-333

Moonstone, 8, 320, 334

as gift for lovers, 98

in India, 97

waxing and waning with moon, 98

Morales, 343

Morgan, J. Pierpont, vi, 254

Morgan Collection, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 66

Morgan-Tiffany Collection, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 106, 233

Morganite, gem of Madagascar, 364

Moryson, Fynes, Gent., 174

Moser, Consul General, vii

Moses, 278, 280, 286

Moss-agate, 48

Müller, Max, 269

Multan, India, idol of temple at, 240

Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, vi

Mother-of-pearl, therapeutic use of, 239

Mycenæ, amber at, 57

gems from, 204

Myrmecites, 34

Naharari, on gems, 386

Names, initials of, figured by precious stones, 47-50

Naoratna, nine-gem jewel, 231, 241, 242-245

names of, in various tongues, 244

occult use of gems in, 244

Naphtali, 298

Napoleon’s carnelian seal, 64

Napoleon I, 64, 260, 309

Napoleon III, 64, 142

Natal stones, vi, 1, 307-337

list of, from various sources, 315

proposed new listing of, 317-321

selected from precious stones produced in the United States, 323

National Museum, Washington, vi

Natrolite, 50

Navajos, rain-making gods of the, adorned with coral and turquoise, 246

Neandross, Sigurd, Maori warrior by, 254

Nebo, god, image on cylinder, 123

Necklace, Egyptian, 36-38

of Vesta, 235

Nephrite, see jade

Nephritfrage, viii, 249

Neptune, god, 341

New Jerusalem, 236, 275, 302-306

foundation stones of, 307, 310-314, 316, 317

New South Wales, black opal of, 152

New Zealand jade, 87-90

Nicander, 93

Nicias, 56

Nicols, Thomas, 7, 142

Ninib, god, image on seal, 35

Noah, luminous stones of, in the Ark, 161, 276

Nodes, ascending and descending, 243

Nonius, opal of, 144-146

Nophek, stone of breastplate, 292

Nordenskjöld, Baron Nils Adolf Erik, 54

Novaculite, from Arkansas, 364

Nuttall, Mrs. Zelia, 86

Oberstein, Germany, gem-cutting at, 54, 218, 219

Obsidian, mirror of Dr. Dee, 196

Mexican mirrors of, 204

Oculus Beli, 107

Oculus mundi, 107

Odem, stone of breastplate, 290, 291

Ominous gems, 143-161

Oneirocritica (dream-books), 356

Onyx, 233, 265, 336

gem of Leo, 346

ill-effects neutralized by sard, 107

in breastplate, 276

“Mexican onyx,” 251

of St. Elizabeth’s tomb, 267

ominous quality of, 159

provoked discord, 98

“Tecalco onyx,” 252

Opal, 143-152

black, of New South Wales, 152

Cardanus, 151

fear of the, 21

Hungarian, 145, 146, 148

imitation of, 145

in Scott’s “Anne of Geierstein,” 143

in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, 150

natural, figuring serpent, 27

October’s gem, 144

of Nonius, 144-146

patronus furum, or patron of thieves, 148

Pliny’s praise of, 145

Ophiokiolus, 39

Ophthalmius-stone (opal?), 7, 146, 148

Opsianus, 39

Orphanus-stone (opal?), 146-148

Orthoclase, 50

Otho I of Germany, emerald of, 260

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 155, 156

Panchratna, five-gem jewel, 241

Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus, 6, 154, 184, 185

Patrick, St., 179

Pausanius, 177

“Peacock stones,” 137

Pearls, 69, 230, 234, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 303, 306, 320, 336

breeding, 41

gem of the moon, 348, 349

of Venus, 348

therapeutic effect of, 372

Pellegrinus, Fulvius, 31

Pepper, George H., 92, 112, 113

Pericles, 373

Peridot, see chrysolite

Perugia, collection of jade artefacts at, 264

Peter, St., 303, 308

tooth-relic of, set with gems, 256

Petrie, W. M. Flinders, 291, 292

Phaëthon, 55

“Pharaoh’s eggs,” 80

Phenacite, from Colorado, 365

Phenomenal gems, 8, 333, 334

Philip II, of Spain, 263

Philippe Egalité, Duke of Orleans, sapphire of, 106

Philostratus, 244

Phosphorescence, 169-174

“Piers the Plowman,” curative gems in, 386

Pisces, zodiacal sign, 345

Piṭdah, stone of breastplate, 291

Planetary gems, 244, 338-363

controls of, in Lapidario of Alfonso X, 348

of various planets, 348-351

Planets figured on engraved gems, 355, 356

Plasma, green, 252

Plato, 93

Pleiades, 343

Pliny, 13, 66, 67, 80, 92, 100, 108, 128, 143, 162, 167, 290, 291, 293, 296, 367, 380

Plutarch, 30, 373

Porphyry, 38

Porta, Giovanni Battista, 335

Portland, Oregon, Exposition, vi

Poujet fils, 316

“Prase” of Alexander, 68

Precious stones, as adornment of goddess Sri, 239

as eyes of idols, 167, 240

as offerings to Hindu gods, 240, 241

as symbols of the Apostles, 311-314

as symbols of various countries, 363, 364

collected by birds, 21

by seals, 22

consecration of, 45

disease in, 5

for hours of the day, 337

for natal months, 326-331

for week days, 332-335

for wedding anniversaries, 337

individuality of, 26

in high-priest’s breastplate, 235-306

life in, 5

magical virtue of, 5-8, 44, 45

meaning of, seen in dreams, 356-358

names of, used as adjectives, 12, 13

used by Shelley, 13

used in typography, 12

of Mohammedan heavens, 349

perfume of, 376

principal, found in various States of the Union, 364-366

religious use of, 235-274

sex of, 40, 41, 42

symbolizing initials of names 47-50

therapeutic effect of, 367-391

to express acrostics, 359

worn by Chinese mandarins to designate rank, 256

Prehnite, 365

Preston, Richard, curative sapphire of, 387, 388

Price, Prof. Ira Maurice, 233

Procopius, 283

Psellus, 381

Ptolemy II, Philadelphus, 67, 93

Pueblo Bonito, relics from, 81, 92, 112, 113

Pueblo Indians, 81, 92, 112

Punamu, New Zealand jade, 87-90, 254

Puranas, 236, 241

Pyrites, Aztec mirrors of, 99

“fools’ gold,” 99

Pyrope, 34

Quartz, 122, 145, 298

cat’s-eye, 334

“Questions of King Melinda,” extract from, 235

Rabanus Maurus, 305, 314

Rabelais, 349

Radium, 381

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 383

Raziel, Book of, 132

Read, Sir Charles Hercules, vii

Red, Christian symbolism of, 273

gems in dreams, 357

in occult ritual, 336

significance of, 30

stones, therapeutic effect of, 370

worn in Siam for Sunday, 335

Sea, chrysolites from island in, 66

Reinach, Dr. Salomon, vii

Rémusat, Abel, 300

Reuben, 289, 291

Revelation, book of, 236, 275, 295, 302, 303, 304, 307, 310, 311, 318

Rhodolite, from North Carolina, 365

Rhodonite, gem of Russia, 364

Ridgeley, Prof. W., 203

Rig Veda, of seven ratnas, 243

Ring of elmêshu-stone, 231

engagement, combining all favorable influences, 362

Gyges, 7

St. Elizabeth, 165

St. Valentine, 257

Rings set with scarabs, 119

seven, of Apollonius of Tyana, 244

with initials, 359

Rock-crystal, 10, 122, 133, 217, 236, 244, 265, 292, 336

as religious symbol, 100

Aztec skull of, 100, 101

gem of Aries, 347

of the moon, 348

god Maya’s tank of, 237

humorous tale of, 101

temples of, in China, 101

used as fetich by Cherokees, 254

“Roman de la Rose,” magic stones in, 43

Rosicrucians, 269

Rostand, Edmond, 138

Rubellite, 360

Ruby, 10, 26, 33, 40, 101-103, 124, 133, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 280, 292, 343, 372, 375, 381

as natal stone, 308, 316, 319, 320, 335

curative effects of, 28

embedded in flesh by Burmese, 103

gem of Capricorn, 347

of Mars, 348, 349

of Summer, 323, 324

of Taurus, 343, 347

in dreams, 357

lost and regained brilliancy, 159

luminosity of, 101, 102

luminous, of King of Ceylon, 165, 166

of Pegu, 165

of St. Elizabeth, 165

names of Hindu castes given to, 102

ominous, of Gabelchover, 158

therapeutic effect of, 370

Rudolph II of Germany, 5, 189, 343

Rumphius, Georg Eberhard, 62

Ruskin, John, on crystals, 46

Rutile, 50

“Sacro Bambino” of Rome, 260, 261

“Sacro Catino” of Genoa, 258, 259

Sagittarius, zodiacal sign, 342, 347, 354

Sahagun, Bernardino de, 247, 251, 390

Sailors’ amulets, 38

Salisbury, John of, 183

Sapphire, 31, 32, 40, 102, 104-107, 124, 133, 236, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 280, 293, 296, 303, 305, 313, 320, 336, 375

as antidote for poisons, 104, 105

as symbol of St. Paul, 312

called “Le Saphire Merveilleux,” 105

gem of Autumn, 323, 325

of Jupiter, 348

of Saturn, 349

of Taurus, 346

of Venus, 348

great star-sapphire of Morgan-Tiffany collection, 107

in breastplate, 276

in ecclesiastical rings, 104, 371

named from Hindu castes, 344

pavement of God’s throne, 275

procures favor of Saturn, 344

Sanskrit names of, 344

star-sapphire of Sir Richard Burton, 106

tables of the Law of, 104

therapeutic effect of, 370, 386-389

Sappir, stone of breastplate, 293

Sard, 107, 305

as symbol of St. Philip, 312

a foundation stone, 303

in breastplate, 276, 290

Sardonyx, 290, 292, 303, 305, 313, 319, 320

as symbol of St. James, 312

Saturn, planet, 32, 243, 330, 344, 348, 352, 353, 354, 355

Saxo, Arnoldus, 59

Scarabæus sacer, 115, 116

Scaraboid seal, 122

Scarabs, Egyptian, 115-119, 132, 140, 227, 228, 229

Schliemann, Heinrich, 57

Scorpio, zodiacal sign, 340, 342, 347, 352, 355

Scott, Sir Walter, 143, 183

Seals, Babylonian, 121-123

Cretan, 123

one of Napoleon, 64, 142

Seasonal gems, 323, 324

“Seeress of Prevorst,” 9

Selenite, 336, 349

Sendal, Nathaniel, 57, 58

Sentiment, 8, 9

for each day of week, 332-335

for each month in connection with natal gems, 326-331

Septuagint, 290, 291, 297, 298, 301

Serapis, image of, in talisman, 124

“Serpent Isle,” 66

Serpentine, 108, 121, 122, 229, 252, 291, 298

Sex in gems, 40, 41, 42, 72

Shakespeare in “Twelfth Night” of opal, 150

Shamash, Assyrian sun-god, 233

Shamir (emery), 278, 294

Sheard, Virna, 12

Shebo, stone of breastplate, 296

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 13

Siam, King of, luminous carbuncles of, 62

Siegstein, or “Victory Stone,” 106

Signorelli, Luca, 390

Simeon, 289, 291

Sin, Assyrian moon-god, 92

Sindbad the Sailor and diamonds, 75

“Sleeping-stone,” 163, 164

Smaragdus (emerald), 291

Sodalite, gem of Canada, 363

Solomon, King, precious stones of, 78

Sophia, St., in Constantinople, 266, 283

Sophocles, 56

Soudan, agate amulets in the, 54

Sources, literary, 13-18

Spartianus, 178

Specularii, 183, 184

“Speculum lapidum” of Camillo Leonardo, 18

Spener, John Jacob, 159

Spessartite, from Virginia, 366

Sphalerite, 171

Spinel, 10, 102

therapeutic effect of, 370

Spodumene, 48

Star-ruby, 334

Star-sapphire, 8, 106, 107

in sword-hilt of King of Greece, 334

Staurolite Fairy Stones, plate

Staurolite, religious symbolism of, 271

Steatite, 265

Stone Age, amber in deposits of, 55

idols of, 23

“Stone of Destiny,” 107

“Stone of Forgetfulness,” 35

“Stone of Hate,” 35

“Stone of Love,” 35

“Stone of Memory,” 35

“Stones of Power” in Scottish regalia, 183

Stones with natural images, 266-269

Storchstein, 162

Suetonius, 341

Sumerian magic formula, 35

Sunstone, 366

Superstition, v, 1-5, 8, 9

Swastika emblem, 135, 265

Sylvester, St., stone, 258

Sympathy and antipathy, doctrine of, 24

Tabari, 286

Tagore, Rajah Sir Sourindro Mohun, viii

Takowaya, Russia, alexandrite found in the, 54

Talismanic gems, 1, 42, 52, 124, 322

girdle of Catharine de’ Medici set with, 317

of the hours, 337

of the months, 326-331

of the week, 332, 333

Talismans, etymology of word, 23

from New Caledonia, 23

of jade favored by Mohammedans, 246

see amulet, and separate stones

temple gifts as, 241

Talmud, 71, 73, 275, 306, 377

Tamerlane, ruthlessness of, 32

Tarshish, stone of breastplate, 297, 298

Taurus, zodiacal sign, 341, 342, 343, 346, 353, 354

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, 260

Taw Sien Ko, vii

“Tecalco onyx,” 252

Teifashi, Ahmed, 75, 104, 158, 381

Tempe, Arizona, turquoise in ruins of Los Muertos near, 112

Tetragrammaton, 182

Thayngen, Switzerland, jet of, 91

Theophrastus, 290, 293, 299, 370

Thomas, N. W., 180

Thomsonite, 365

Thoth, 16

Thothmes II, talisman of, 120

Tiberius, 342

Tiffany, Charles L., 172

Tiffany & Co., 172

Tiffany Collection, 106, 219

Titus, 283, 289

Topaz, 40, 133, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 291, 297, 298, 303, 305, 313, 344

as symbol of St. Matthew, 312

gem of Sagittarius, 347

in breastplate, 276

therapeutic effect of, 372, 389

Topazos, island of, 67

Totten, Lieut., on Hebrew tribes, 288

Tourmaline, 320, 321

gem of New England, 364

Trees bearing precious stones, 232

Kalpa tree, 238

Trevisa, John of, 105

Triboluminescence, 173

Tritheim, Abbot, 181

Trocadéro, Paris, 99

Tullia, daughter of Cicero, emerald of, 31

Turquoise, 6, 37, 64, 108-114, 336, 345, 375

Apache name for, 113

as natal stone, 308, 320

De Boot’s tale of a, 109, 110

fading of, indicating illness, 24, 26, 114

from Los Cerillos, N. M., 111

from Pueblo Bonito, N. M., 112, 113

from Los Muertos, Arizona, 112

gem of Jupiter, 348

Persians’ praise of, 111

protecting from falls, 24, 26, 109, 110

strikes the hour, 111

talismanic virtues of, 114

usually worn by men in 17th century, 111

with Aztecs, 247

with Navajos, 246

Tyszkiewicz Collection, 234

Umiña, emerald goddess of Peruvians, 247, 248

United States, principal gem-stones found in various States of the, 364-366

Uparatnani, four minor gems of the naoratna, 243

Urim and Thummim, 231, 277, 282, 283, 287

Utahlite, 361

Vajra, “the thunderbolt,” Sanskrit name of diamond, 239, 343

Valentine, St., ring of, 257

“Valley of Diamonds,” 74, 75

Varro, 22

Vasari, 390

Venus, goddess, emerald dedicated to, 28

planet, 243, 336, 344, 348, 352, 353, 354, 355

represented by blue, 31

Verrall, Mrs. A. W., 211

Vespasian, 283

Vesta, necklace of, taken by Serena, 235

Vesuvianite, 50

“Victory Stone,” 68

Violet, Christian symbolism of, 273

symbolism of, 32

Violet-blue, curative effects of, 33

Virgin Mary, 30, 130, 175, 261, 262, 266, 267, 268, 273

rich decorations of statue of, at Loreto, 262, 263

Virgen del Sagrario, Toledo, emerald of, 261, 262

Virgo, zodiacal sign, 341, 346

Vishnu, 236, 241

Voiture, his letter on curative use of jade, 383, 384

Volmar, “Steinbuch” of, 67, 109, 373

Vulgate, 290, 291, 292, 301

Wada, Dr. T., vii

Walker, T. B., 254

Walpole, Horace, 195

Ward, Dr. W. Hayes, vii

Wedding anniversaries, gems for, 337

Wenceslaus, St., supposed emerald in chapel of, 259

Whitby Abbey, 263

White, Christian symbolism of, 273

significance of, 30

worn in Siam, for Monday, 335

“White sapphire” (corundum), 72

Wiedemann, Dr. Alfred, 121

Willemite, 171

Wissler, Dr. Clark, vii

Witherite, 9, 10

Wood-opal, 50

World’s Columbian Exhibition, vi, 51

Wright, Thomas, 221

Würtemberg, jet deposits of, 91

Yahalom, stone of breastplate, 294, 295

Yarkastein, 146

Yashpeh, stone of breastplate, 299

Yellow, Christian symbolism of, 273

curative effects of, 28

girdle worn by Chinese emperors, 245

in occult ritual, 336

significance of, 29

stones, therapeutic effect of, 370

Zebulun, 289, 295

Zechariah, 294

Zenochlorite, 360

Zircon (hyacinth), 238

Zodiacal gems, 1, 124, 131, 310, 321, 322, 338-363

stones of the various signs, 345-347

Zodiacal signs associated with the Twelve Tribes, 314

names of, in Hebrew, 332

Footnotes:

1 Jean de la Taille de Bondaroy, “Le Blason de la Marguerite,” Paris, 1574.

2 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” lib. i, cap. 25, Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 87, 91.

3 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” lib. i, cap. 26, Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 103.

4 Mackey, “Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions,” London, n. d., p. 144.

5 Nicols, “Faithful Lapidary,” London, 1659, pp. 32, 33.

6 Görres, “Die christliche Mystik,” Regensburg, 1840, vol. iii, pp. 190 sqq.

7 Virna Sheard, “The Jewelled Princess,” in Canadian Magazine.

8 De Mély, “Les lapidaires de l’antiquité et du moyen-âge,” vol. ii, “Les lapidaires grecs,” Paris, 1898, pp. 1-50.

9 Lucas, “The Swallowing Stones by Seals,” Science, N. S., vol. xx, No. 512, pp. 537, 538; Report of Fur Seal Investigation, vol. iii, p. 68.

10 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, p. 108.

11 Giglioli, “Materiale per lo studio della ‘Età della Pietra,’” Archivio per l’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, vol. xxxi, p. 83, Firenze, 1901.

12 Rose, “Handleiding tot de Kennis van diamanten,” etc., Amsterdam, 1891, p. 110.

13 “Della storia naturale delle Gemme,” Napoli, 1730, Vol. I, pp. 131-137.

14 Il., xxiv, 795, 796.

15 Paper by Dr. Paul Ferez in the Revue de l’Hypnotisme, Paris, No. 10, April, 1906, p. 306.

16 Erasmi, “Colloquia,” Lipsiæ, 1713, pp. 597-8. Suggested by Pliny, lib. xxxvii, cap. 71-73.

17 Morris Jastrow, “Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens,” vol. i, Giessen, 1905, p. 374.

18 Morris Jastrow, l. c., p. 462.

19 Delitzsch, “Assyrisches Wörterbuch,” Leipzig, 1896, p. 604.

20 “Aegyptische Goldschmiedearbeit,” ed. by Heinrich Schäffer, Berlin, 1910, pp. 25-32; necklace figured on Pl. V, other objects on Pls. V-VII.

21 Ibid., p. 14, Pl. II, figs. 3a, 3b.

22 See Reisner, “Catalogue générale des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire: Amulets” Le Caire, 1907.

23 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 393.

24 Kropatschek, “De amuletorum apud antiquos usu,” Gryphiæ, 1907, p. 24 (Paris papyrus, 2630).

25 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 943.

26 Seler, “Codex Borgia: Eine altmexicanische Bilderschrift,” Berlin, 1904, vol. i, p. 16.

27 Francisci Ruei, “De gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, f. 4.

28 “Histoire critique des pratiques superstitieuses; par un prêtre de l’Oratoire,” Paris, 1702, p. 320.

29 Blum, “Das altjüdische Zauberwesen,” Strassburg, 1898, p. 91.

30 A projection serving to fasten down the belt.

31 Compleat Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. Skeat, Oxford, 1894 vol. i, p. 139.

32 Matthæi Paris, “Historia major,” London, 1684, p. 318.

33 “Le Grand Lapidaire” of Jean de Mandeville, Vienna, 1862, pp. 126-128.

34 Güdermann, “Das jüdische Unterrichtswesen,” Wien, 1873, p. 225.

35 “Ethics of the Dust,” New York, 1886, p. 96.

36 See also the writer’s pamphlet: “The Folk-Lore of Precious Stones,” Chicago, 1894; a paper read before the Folk-Lore Congress held at the World’s Columbian Exhibition, and describing the Kunz Collection exhibited in the Anthropological Building there. This collection is now in the Field Museum, Chicago.

37 King’s version in his “Natural History of Precious Stones,” London, 1865, p. 392.

38 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 10.

39 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. 22.

40 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 8 recto.

41 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basileæ, 1560, p. 460.

42 Cardani, “De gemmis,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 323.

43 Valentini, “Museum museorum oder die vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Franckfurt am Mayn, 1714, vol. ii, pt. 3, p. 34; figure of air-ship on p. 35.

44 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 376. Figured in S. Muller’s “Ordn. af Danm. Olds.,” i, Pl. XV, Figs. 252 sq.

45 Ovidii, “Metamorphoses,” lib. ii, 11. 340 sqq. Some have proposed to read Redanus instead of Eridanus and have seen in the former name the designation of a stream flowing into the Vistula.

46 Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 7.

47 Bk. xviii, 11, 295-298, trans. of William Cullen Bryant.

48 Du Chaillu, “The Viking Age,” New York, 1889, vol. ii, p. 314. (Figs. 1210, 1211, 1212.)

49 Sendelii, “Electrologiæ,” Elbingæ, 1725, Pt. I, p. 12, note.

50 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. 22.

51 Johannis de Cuba, “Hortus Sanitatis,” [Strassburg, 1483] tractatus de lapibus, cap. vii.

52 Belleau, “Œuvres poétiques,” ed. Marty-Laveaux, Paris, 1878, vol. ii, pp. 172 sqq. The poem in which this tale occurs is the “Amours et nouveaux eschanges des pierres précieuses,” written in 1576 and dedicated to Henri III.

53 Rose, “Aristotles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitschr. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, p. 431.

54 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 436.

55 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 325.

56 Kropatschek, “De amuletorum apud antiquos usu,” Gryphiæ, 1907, p. 16.

57 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quædam lectu digna,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 323. “De gemmis.”

58 Rumphius, “Amboinsche Rariteitkamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, p. 308.

59 Goethe Westösterlicher Divan I, Segenspfänder.

60 “Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X,” codice original, Madrid, 1881, fol. 77, p. 49.

61 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 158.

62 Arakel, “Livre d’histoire,” chap. liii; transl. in Brosset, “Collection d’historiens arméniens,” St. Pétersburg, 1874, vol. i, pp. 544, 545.

63 Josephi Gonelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, p. 112.

64 “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 230.

65 Agatharcides, “De Mare Erythræo,” §2. The topaz of the ancients was unquestionably the gem commonly called chrysolite at present (olivine, peridot).

66 Diodorus Siculus, lib. iii, cap. 38.

67 Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 32.

68 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 16.

69 Volmar, Steinbuch, ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 22.

70 Alberti Magni, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Borgnet, Parisiis, 1890, vol. v, p. 43. De mineralibus, lib. ii, tract. 2.

71 Bauer, “Edelsteinkunde,” Leipzig, 1909, p. 750.

72 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 9 recto.

73 Bellucci, “Il feticismo primitivo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 22-25.

74 “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, f. 8.

75 St. Hildegardæ, “Opera Omnia,” in Pat. Lat. ed Migne, vol. cxcvii, col. 1254.

76 “De gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, f. 52.

77 “Philosophi opera quædam lectu digna,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 322. “De gemmis.”

78 Anonymous writer in Ital. MS. of the fourteenth century in the author’s library; fol. 41 p. verso.

79 See page 278 for description of this diamond by St. Epiphanius.

80 Finot, “Les lapidaires indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 9.

81 Finot, “Les lapidaires indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 8.

82 Finot, l. c., p. 9.

83 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 433.

84 New edition of the Babylonian Talmud, ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), Baba Batra, New York, 1902, p. 207.

85 Ratzel, “Völkerkunde,” Leipzig, 1885, vol. i, p. 36.

86 Dr. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des al-Kazwini,” Beilage zum Jahresbericht 1894-5 der Oberrealschule Heidelberg, p. 35. See Aristoteles De Lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo, ed. Rose, Z.f.D.A. New Series VI, pp. 364, 365, 389, 390. The “other writer” is probably Ahmed Teifashi.

87 The work on precious stones attributed to Aristotle was composed in Arabic probably in the ninth century.

88 Teifashi, “Fior di pensieri sulle pietre preziose,” Firenzi, 1818, p. 13.

89 Proc. of the Royal Irish Academy, 2d Ser., Polite Literature and Antiquities, vol. ii, Dublin, 1879-1888, p. 303.

90 Epiphanii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 5.

91 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, fol. 101.

92 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 48; Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xliii.

93 Fol. 55 recto of Ital. MS., 14th Century. Reference is to Bela IV (1235-1270). Lo reo dilugaria bela loqale in di nostri tempi regna.

94 Weil, “Biblische Legenden,” p. 225.

95 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quædam,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 328. “De gemmis.”

96 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secrets des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 11.

97 “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 60.

98 George H. Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, p. 239; Fig. 5.

99 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 38.

100 Cardani, “Philosophi opera quædam,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 323. “De gemmis.”

101 S. Hildegardæ, Opera omnia; in. Pat. Lat. ed. J. P. Migne, vol. cxcvii, Parisiis, 1855, col. 1251.

102 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basileæ, 1560, pp. 442-3.

103 Chalfante, “Early Chinese Writing,” Mem. of Carnegie Museum, vol. iv, No. 1, Pittsburg, 1906, p. 10 and Pl. XX, No. 275. See also Pl. X, No. 132; pei, “shell,” “value,” as shells were used as money in very ancient times.

104 Chalfante, “Early Chinese Writing,” Pl. XXII, No. 299.

105 “Catalogue of the Woodward Collection of Jades and other Hard Stones,” by John Getz, Privately printed (New York), 1913, p. 11, No. 24.

106 Zelia Nuttall, “The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilization,” Cambridge, Mass., 1901, p. 195. Archæological and Ethnographical Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, vol. ii.

107 The Bishop Collection. “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, privately printed, 1906, vol. i, pt. iii, “Jade as a Mineral,” by George Frederick Kunz, p. 117. Nos. 421 and 646 of the collection are excellent examples of this special jade.

108 The Bishop Collection. “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 12. Privately printed and edition limited to 100 copies. For a description of this monumental work see “The Printed Catalogue of the Heber R. Bishop Collection of Jade,” by George Frederick Kunz, supplement to the Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for May, 1906, Occasional Notes, No. 1.

109 See Fischer, “Ueber die Nephritindustrie der Maoris in Neuseeland,” Archiv für Anthropologie, vol. xv, Braunschweig, 1884, pp. 463-466.

110 King’s version in his Natural History of Precious Stones, London, 1865, p. 382.

111 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, p. 328.

112 Epiphanius, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fols. 7, 8.

113 Birlinger, “Kleinere deutsche Sprachdenkmäler,” in Germania, vol. viii (1863), p. 302.

114 Bartolomæi Anglici “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 51, De Jaspide. Old English version by John of Trevisa.

115 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, pp. 22, 24.

116 Dupont, “L’homme pendant les âges de la pierre,” Brussels, 1872, pp. 156 sqq.

117 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, p. 237.

118 Ward, “Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Washington, D. C., 1910, p. 121; citing Jastrow, “Religion,” p. 303.

119 Albertus Magnus, “Le Grand Albert des secretz des vertus des Herbes, Pierres et Bestes. Et aultre livre des Merveilles du Monde, d’aulcuns effetz causez daulcunes bestes,” Turin, Bernard du mont du Chat (c. 1515). Liv. ii, fol. 11, recto.

120 The Timæus of Plato, ed. by R. R. Archer-Hind, London, 1888, p. 302, note.

121 Plinii, “Historia naturalis,” Venetiis, 1507, fol. 269 verso, lib. xxxvi, cap. 16.

122 Plinii, l. c., fol. 254, verso, lib. xxxiv, cap. 14.

123 King’s metrical version in his “Natural History of Gems,” London, 1865, p. 226.

124 John of Trevisa’s version (made in 1396) of Bartholomæus Anglicus’ “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 43, De Magnete.

125 Bartolomæi Anglici, “De proprietatibus rerum,” l. c.

126 Lucian, Imag. I.

127 Klaproth, “Lettre à M. le Baron A. de Humboldt sur l’invention de la boussole,” Paris, 1834, p. 20.

128 From El Kazwini’s “Adjâïl el makluquat”; cited in marginal note, vol. i, pp. 310, 311, of El Damu’s “Hayat el hayauân,” Cairo, 1313 (1895).

129 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, p. 192.

130 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 51; Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxxviii.

131 Chiocci, “Museum Calceolarium,” Veronæ, 1622, p. 227.

132 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 264, lib. ii, cap. 113.

133 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 51.

134 “Les secrets de la Lune,” Paris, 1571.

135 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” lib. vii, Basileæ, 1560, p. 464.

136 “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge; Smithsonian Inst.; Bur. Am. Ethn., Bull. 30; Washington, 1910, Pt. 2, p. 331.

137 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 299, 300.

138 Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, vol. iv, Parisiis, 1865, col. 545.

139 Pfizmeier, “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Edelsteinen und des Goldes,” Sitzungsbericht d. phil. hist. Kl., Wien, vol. lviii, 1868, p. 200.

140 Pfizmeier, l. c., p. 201.

141 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien; Naharari’s Râjanighantu, Varga XIII,” Leipzig, 1882, p. 70.

142 Epiplianii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 5.

143 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxvi.

144 Pannier, “Les lapidaires français,” Paris, 1882, pp. 246, 264, 295. Cited in Schofield, “The Pearl,” Pub. of Mod. Lang. Asso. of Am., vol. xxiv, Pt. 4, p. 599.

145 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, p. 199.

146 “Le grand lapidaire de Jean de Mandeville,” from the ed. of 1561, ed. by J. S. del Sotto, Vienne, 1862, p. 8.

147 Taw Sein Ko, communication from his “Burmese Necromancy.”

148 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 328.

149 Epiphanii, “De XII gemmis,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 6.

150 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fols. 46, 47.

151 Bartolomæi Anglici, “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 86, De Saphiro.

152 Old English for spider.

153 Bartolomæus Anglicus, l. c.

154 The subject of the origin, development and reform of the carat-weight has been fully treated by the author in the Trans. of the Soc. of Min. Engineers, 1913, pp. 1225-1245, “The New International Metric Diamond Carat of 200 milligrams.”

155 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 50, note of Pictor Villengensis.

156 Bellucci, “Il feticismo primitivo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 25, 26.

157 Volmar, “Steinbuch,” ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 19.

158 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 266-268.

159 De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 169, 170.

160 De Boot, l. c., p. 270.

161 Hendley, “Indian Jewelry,” London, 1909, p. 158.

162 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 61, 62, pl. opposite p. 56.

163 Kunz, l. c., see pl. 2, fig. A.

164 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, pp. 196-252.

165 Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” pp. 223, 224.

166 Pepper, l. c., p. 227.

167 Burke, “The Medicine-men of the Apache,” Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-1888, Washington, 1892, p. 589.

168 Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Use,” Bristol, 1907, p. 269.

169 From “The Sacred Beetle,” by John Ward, London, 1902, Plate VIII, Nos. 46, 58, 89, 275, 276, 446.

170 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, pp. 234-235.

171 The Metropolitan Museum of Art; the Murch Collection of Egyptian antiquities; supplement to the Bulletin of the Met. Mus. of Art, January, 1910.

172 Middleton, “Engraved Gems of Ancient Times,” Cambridge, 1891, p. 151.

173 Diodori Siculi, “Bibliothecæ historicales,” ed. Dindorf, Parisiis, 1842, vol. i, p. 65; lib. i, cap. 75.

174 Æliani, “De animalibus,” lib. x, cap. 15.

175 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Wien, 1898, pp. 155, 156.

176 Konrad v. Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 448; see also Johannis de Cuba, “Hortus Sanitatis” [Strassburg, 1483], tractatus de lapidibus, cap. xliii.

177 Marbodei, “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, fol. 19.

178 Fischer and Wiedemann, “Ueber Babylonische ‘Talismane’ aus dem hist. Mus. im steierisch-landschaftl. Joanneum zu Graz,” Stuttgart, 1881, p. 9.

179 See Ward, “The Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Carnegie Institution Pub., Washington, D. C., 1910, pp. 1-5.

180 Ward, l. c., p. 5 and pp. 5-8.

181 Fischer and Wiedemann, “Ueber Babylonische Talismane,” Stuttgart, 1881, p. 11. See Pl. I, fig. 3.

182 A. Evans, in “Journal of Hellenic Studies,” vol. xiv (1893), p. 270.

183 Trebelii Pollionis, De XXX tyrannis, Lipsiæ, p. 295.

184 Ad illum. catech., Hom. II, 5.

185 Krause, “Pyrgoteles,” Halle, 1856, pp. 197-8.

186 Caii Plinii Secundi, Naturalis Historia, ed. Harduin, Parisiis, 1741, vol. ii, p. 489.

187 King, Catalogue of Engraved Gems, Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 81, No. 302, 1885.

188 Dissert. apol. de quibusdam Alexandri Severi numismat., p. 59. Cited in Dictionnaire de l’arch. chrét., vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 1789, 1790, where the amulet is figured.

189 Camilli Leonardi, Speculum Lapidum, Venetia, 1502.

190 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1885, vol. iii, pp. 326, 327.

191 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, ff. lvi-lvii.

192 From an anonymous Italian treatise in a fourteenth century MS. in the author’s collection; fol. 40 verso, 41 recto.

193 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 338.

194 Hoernes, “Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst,” Vienna, 1898, p. 338.

195 King, “The Gnostics and their Remains,” London, 1864, p. 238, figure opp. p. 115.

196 Catalogue de l’Exposition de la Société d’Anthropologie (Exposition de 1900), p. 286.

197 Elworthy, “The Evil Eye,” London, 1895, pp. 353, 354.

198 Stern, “Medizin, Aberglaube und Geschlechtsleben in der Turkei,” Berlin, 1903, vol. i, p. 235.

199 Plini, “Historia naturalis,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 3.

200 Archæologia, vol. xxx, p. 541, London, 1844; MS. Harl. No. 80, folio 105, recto.

201 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 336.

202 De Mély, in La Grande Encyclopédie, vol. xxv, p. 885, art. Pierres précieuses.

203 Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” Stuttgart, 1861, p. 469.

204 Pitra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, vol. iii, p. 335.

205 Agricola, “De natura fossilum,” lib. vi, Basileæ, 1546, p. 291.

206 Nicols, “Faithful Lapidary,” London, 1659, p. 107.

207 Kluge, “Edelsteinkunde,” Leipsic, 1860, p. 366.

208 Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Wear,” Bristol, 1907, p. 109.

209 The opal is said to preserve its wearer from disease; and hence, in the East, is much used in the form of amulets.

210 From “Gems of Beauty,” by the Countess of Blessington, London, 1836.

211 Sir Walter Scott, “Novels,” The Janson Society, New York, 1907, vol. xxiii, pp. 126-138.

212 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 6.

213 Plinii, l. c.

214 Hesselquist, “Voyages and Travels in the Levant,” English trans., London, 1766, pp. 273, 274.

215 Alberti Magni, Opera Omnia, ed. Borgnet, Parisiis, 1890, vol. v, p. 42.

216 Communication of Dr. Frederick Knab, citing Castellani and Chalmers, “Manual of Tropical Medicine,” 1910.

217 Batman, “Uppon Bartholome,” London, 1582, p. 264, lib. xvi, cap. 73.

218 Shakespeare, “Twelfth Night,” Act ii, Sc. 4.

219 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basileæ, 1560, p. 445.

220 Rose, “Aristoteles De lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitschr. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, p. 391. See also Avicenna, “Liber canonis,” Basileæ, 1556, p. 182, lib. ii, Tract. ii, cap. 20.

221 Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Lat. version by Clusius). Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 172. The Portuguese original was published in Goa, in 1563.

222 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, pp. 122, 125.

223 Justi Lepsii, “De fraude et vi,” cap. v, §8; cited in Pindar, “De adamante,” Berolini, 1829, p. 58.

224 Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 949.

225 Vita di Benvenuto Cellini, ed. Carpani, Milano, 1806, p. 445.

226 Amos, “The Great Oyer of Poisoning,” London, 1846, pp. 336 sqq.

227 Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 949.

228 Child, “The English and Scottish Popular Ballads,” Boston, 1882-96, vol. i, pp. 187 sqq.

229 Child, l. c.

230 Against thee.

231 Ravii, “Specimen Arabicum,” Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1784, pp. 97, 98.

232 Andreæ Baccii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Latin trans. by Wolfgang Gabelchover, Francofurti, 1603, pp. 63, 64.

233 “De gemmis errores vulgares,” Lipsiæ, 1688, sect. ii, §12.

234 Rose, Aristoteles De lapidibus and Arnoldus Saxo, Zeitschr. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, 1875, pp. 360, 361.

235 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basileæ, 1554, lib. vii, pp. 191, 205.

236 Ginsburg, “Legends of the Jews,” Eng. trans., Phila., 1909, vol. i, p. 162. See also Levy, “Dictionary of the Targumim,” etc., New York and London, 1903, vol. ii, p. 836, s. v. מַרְגָלִית. Pirke d’R. El., ch. xxiii.

237 Ginsburg, l. c., p. 298.

238 Claudii Æliani, “De animalium natura,” lib. viii, cap. 22, ed. Gesner, Tiguri, 1568, pp. 182, 183.

239 Grimm, “Wörterbuch,” vol. ii, col. 1244.

240 “Lithica,” line 270.

241 De Mely, “La traité des fleuves de Plutarche,” in Revue des Études Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 331.

242 Luciani, “De Syria dea,” cap. 32.

243 Rose, “Aristoteles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” Zeitschr. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, 1875, pp. 375, 376.

244 The abbey to which Hildegard gave the tablet was probably that built by Theodoric II and destroyed by the Reformers in 1572. The first building was of wood and was erected by Theodoric I in 923 or 924; this was ravaged by the Frisians not many years later.

245 Creuzer, “Antik geschnittene Steine vom Grabmahl der heiligen Elizabeth,” Leipsic and Darmstadt, 1834, pp. 25, 26.

246 Arnobio, “Il tesoro delle gioie,” Venice, 1602, p. 34.

247 See the English translation of his “Chu-fan-chï,” by Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, St. Petersburg, 1911, p. 72.

248 “Die Reisebeschreibung des R. Benjamin von Tudela,” ed. by L. Grünhut and Marcus N. Adler, Jerusalem, 1903, pt. ii, trans., p. 17.

249 Beckmann, “History of Inventions,” English trans., London, 1846, vol. ii, p. 433.

250 Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Lat. version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, lib. i, p. 174.

251 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 17.

252 Platonis, “Hippias major,” ed. Didot, vol. i, p. 745.

253 Norton’s “Ordinall”; in Ashmole “Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,” London, 1652, p. 27.

254 Christiani Mentzelli, “Lapis Bononensis,” Bilefeldiæ, 1675.

255 See Kunz, “The Phosphorescence of the Diamond,” Trans. N. Y. Academy of Sciences, vol. x, p. 50, 1890-91; Kunz and Baskerville, “The Action of Radium, Actinium, Roentgen rays, and Ultra Violet Light in Minerals and Gems,” Science, vol. xviii, No. 468, pp. 769-783, December 18, 1903.

256 See page 172.

257 Boyle, “Works,” London, 1744, vol. ii, p. 85. The experiments were made October 27, 1663, and the results were communicated to the Royal Society the next day, the diamond which had been used being shown to the members at that time.

258 “Journal des Sçavans,” 1739, pp. 438, 439, of Amsterdam edition, citing “Hist. de l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences,” 1735 (vol. xxxviii).

259 See Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. xiv, p. 260; 1895.

260 “Diamonds,” a lecture delivered before the British Association at Kimberley, Sept. 5, 1905; London, 1905, p. 37. See also the same author’s “Diamonds,” London and New York, 1909, pp. 96-101.

261 Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 183, 184.

262 “Collection des anciens alchemistes grecs,” ed. by M. Berthelot, trans., p. 336-338; text pp. 351, 352, Paris, 1887, 1888.

263 “Sur un procédé antique pour rendre les pierres précieuses et les vitrifications phosphorescentes,” Annales de Chimie et Physique, 6th ser., vol. xiv, pp. 429-432.

264 Moryson, “An Itinerary containing his Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions,” etc., Glasgow, 1907-8, vol. i. p. 216.

265 Burton, “Supplementary Nights,” London, 1886, vol. iii, p. 354, note.

266 Pausaniæ, “Descriptio Græciæ,” ed. Schubart, vol. ii, Lipsiæ, 1883, pp. 54, 55, lib. ii, cap. 21, 12.

267 Luciani, “Vera Historia,” lib. i, 26.

268 Balz, “Die sogenannte magische Spiegel und ihr Gebrauch”; Archiv für Anthrop. N.S., vol. ii, p. 45, 1904.

269 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España,” Mexico, 1829, vol. i, pp. 2, 3; vol. ii, pp. 6, 12, 16, 17; lib. i, cap. 3; lib. v, cap. 3, 9, 11, 12.

270 Spartiani, “Vita Didii Juliani,” cap. 7.

271 Reichelti, “De amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 36.

272 “Synodum episcoporum Patricii, Auxilii et Issernani,” in Migne, Patr. Lat., vol. liii, Parisiis, 1865, col. 825.

273 Hincmari, “Opera Omnia,” in Migne, Patr. Lat., vol. cxxv, col. 7; De devortio Lotharii et Tetbergæ.

274 London, 1905, pp. xxiv, xxx.

275 Ibn Kaldoun, in Notices et Ext. de MSS. de la Bib. Imp., vol. xix, p. 221.

276 See Barrett, “The Magus,” London, 1801, p. 135.

277 Jâmi’s “Salamân and Absal,” trans. by Edward Fitzgerald, Boston, 1899, p. 84.

278 Description of the Regalia of Scotland, by Sir Walter Scott, Bart., Edinburgh, n. d., p. 13.

279 Johannis Saresberensis, “Policraticus,” Lyon, 1513, fols. lxxvii, verso, lxxviii, recto, lib. ii, cap. 28.

280 Johannis Saresberensis, l. c., fol. lxxvi, recto, lib. ii, cap. 28.

281 “The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great,” trans. by Arthur Edward Waite, London, 1894, vol. i, p. 224.

282 “Unterricht vom Gebrauch des Erdspiegels, 1658” (Aus dem Kapuziner-Kloster in Immenstat. Eine Handschrift des Kapuziner-Paters Franziscus Seraph. Heider daselbst); in “Handschriftlichen Schätze aus Kloster Bibliotheken,” Köln am Rhein, 1734-1810 (reprint).

283 Sloane MS. 3851, f. 50b.

284 Jonson, “The Alchemist,” ed. Hathaway, New York, 1903, pp. 101, 145, note.

285 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition,” Leipzig, 1893, p. 472.

286 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition”, p. 473.

287 Wieri, “De prestigiis demonum,” Basileæ, 1563, p. 121.

288 “The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee,” ed. by Halliwell, London, 1842 (Camden Soc. Pub.), p. 9, note (“Compendious Memorial,” p. 516).

289 A true and faithful Relation of what passed for Many Yeeres between Dr. John Dee and Some Spirits. With preface by Meric. Casaubon, London, 1659, p. 1.

290 See B. M. Dalton’s notes in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, 2d ser., vol. xxi, 380-383. Sloane MS. A. 3188.

291 Casaubon’s “Relation,” p. 73.

292 Rist, “Die Aller-Edelste Zeit-Verkürtung der ganzen Welt,” Franckfurt on dem Mayn, 1668, p. 255.

293 Butler, “Hudibras,” Part II, Canto III, 11, 235-8, and 631-4. This second part was issued in 1663, four years after Casaubon’s publication of Dee’s journal.

294 Miscellanea graphica: Representations of Ancient Medieval and Renaissance remains in the Possession of Lord Londesborough; introd. by Thomas Wright, London, 1857, p. 81.

295 Aubrey, “Miscellanies,” London, 1890, pp. 156, 157. (There is a figure on p. 156.)

296 Glanvil, “Saducismus Triumphatus,” London, 1726, p. 281.

297 Aubrey, “Miscellanies,” London, 1890, p. 155.

298 Carlyle, “Works,” Ashburton ed., vol. xvi, p. 509; from Vie de Joseph Balsamo, traduite d’après l’original Italien, ch. ii, 111 (Paris, 1791).

299 Kiesewetter, “Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition,” Leipzig, 1893, p. 476.

300 George IV, cap. lxxxiii.

301 Brinton, “Essays of an Americanist,” Philadelphia, 1890, p. 165.

302 Burke, “The Medicine-men of the Apache,” Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-1888, Washington, 1892, p. 461.

303 Fraser, “The Golden Bough,” pt. i, “The Magic Art,” vol. i, London, 1911, p. 176.

304 Lang, “The Making of Religion,” London, 1898, pp. 91-92.

305 Thomas, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1905, p. 48.

306 Nuttall, “The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilization,” Cambridge, Mass., 1901, p. 80.

307 Tcheraz, “Notes sur la mythologie Armenienne,” in Trans. of the Ninth Cong. of Orient. (1892), London, 1893, vol. ii, p. 832.

308 Tcheraz, l. c., p. 835.

309 Proc. Soc. of Psych. Research, vol. viii, p. 470.

310 Proc. of the Soc. for Psych. Research, vol. v, p. 507.

311 Thomas, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1908, Lang’s preface, pp. xi, xii.

312 Thomas, l. c., p. xxi.

313 Proc. of the Soc. for Psych. Research, vol. viii, p. 473.

314 Shepharial, “The Crystal and the Seer,” London [1900?], p. 14.

315 John Melville, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1910, pp. 20, 21.

316 Shepharial, “The Crystal and the Seer,” London [1900?] pp. 11-13.

317 Melville, “Crystal Gazing,” London, 1910, p. 47.

318 Atkinson, “Practical Psychomancy and Crystal Gazing,” Chicago [1908], p. 46.

319 See Leadbeater, “The Astral Plane,” London, 1910, p. 14.

320 Verner, “How to Know Your Future,” London [1910?], p. 16.

321 See Hereward Carrington’s Correspondence Course of Instruction in Psychic Development, Lesson 24, New York, 1912.

322 Kunz, “The Occurrence and Manipulation of Rock Crystal,” Scientific American, vol. lv, pp. 103, 104 (Aug. 14, 1886). Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sciences, May 30, 1886.

323 Kunz, “The Occurrence and Manipulation of Rock Crystal.”

324 Gratacap, “The Mystic Crystal Sphere,” in the American Museum Journal, January, 1913, p, 24; plate on p. 22.

325 Montfaucon, Les monumens de la monarchie Française. Paris, 1729, p. 15.

326 Montfaucon, l. c.

327 Cochet, “Le tombeau de Childeric Ier roi des Francs,” Paris, 1859, pp. 16 sqq.

328 Cochet, op. cit., p. 305.

329 Cochet, op. cit., p. 302; figure.

330 Cochet, op. cit., p. 303, No. 1.

331 Simon, “Observations sur les sépulchres antiques découverts dans plusieures contrées des Gaules,” p. 5; pl. ii, fig. 14.

332 See Wylie’s “Fairford Graves,” pl. iv, fig. 1, pl. v, fig 2; Akerman’s “Remains of Pagan Saxondom,” Roach Smith’s “Collectanea antiqua”; Douglas’ “Nenia Brittanica,” and Hillier’s “Antiquities of the Isle of Wight.”

333 Akerman, op. cit., p. 10.

334 Journal of the Archæological Institute, vol. ix, p. 179.

335 Akerman, op. cit., pp. 39, 40.

336 Miscellanies upon various subjects, by John Aubrey, to which is added “Hydrotaphia, or Urn Burial,” by Sir Thomas Browne, London, 1890, p. 244; chap, ii.

337 Lady Wilde, “Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland,” Boston, 1888, p. 209.

338 Life Work of Sir Peter le Page Renouf, Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 342. In the vignette to chapter 93, to illustrate the protection afforded, a buckle with human hands seizes the arm of the deceased and prevents him from going toward the East, the inauspicious direction for departed souls, pl. xxv (Papyrus, Louvre iii, 93).

339 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 259.

340 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 261.

341 The deceased was identified with Osiris.

342 Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, p. 263.

343 Birch, Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in Alnwick Castle, London, 1880, p. 224.

344 Pierret, “Le livre des Morts,” Paris, 1882, p. 138.

345 “Life Work of Sir Peter le Page Renouf,” Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 76, note.

346 Ibid., Paris, 1907, vol. iv, p. 295.

347 Æliani, “Varia historia,” lib. xiv, cap. xxxiv, Lug. Bat., 1731, Pars altera, p. 977.

348 Fossey, “La Magie Assyrienne,” Paris, 1902, p. 301; see Rawlinson, “Cun. insc. of West. Asia,” vol. iv, 18, No. 3.

349 Delitzsch, “Assyrisches Wörterbuch,” Leipzig, 1896, p. 74, s. v. elmêshu.

350 Jensen, “Assyrisch-Babylonische Mythen und Epen,” Berlin, 1900.

351 Ward, “Seal Cylinders of Western Asia,” Carnegie Institution Pub., Washington, D. C., 1910, pp. 232, 234.

352 For a fuller description of this valuable relic, and a discussion of the meaning of the inscription, see “On the ancient inscribed Sumerian (Babylonian) axe-head for the Morgan Collection in the American Museum of Natural History,” by George Frederick Kunz, with translation by Prof. Ira Maurice Price and discussion by Dr. William Hayes Ward. Bulletin of the Museum, vol. xxi, pp. 37-47, April 6, 1905.

353 Montfaucon, “L’antiquité expliquée,” vol. ii, Pt. II, 1719, pp. 324, 325; Plate 136.

354 “The Questions of King Milinda,” tr. from the Pâli by T. W. Rhys Davids, vol. ii, Oxford, 1894, p. 128.

355 Buddha.

356 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, pp. 715, 717.

357 Bhuddist Suttas, trans. from Pali by T. W. Rhys Davids; “Sacred Books of the East,” vol. xi, Oxford, 1881.

358 Lib. ii, cap. 11. Luciani Opera, ex recog. C. Jacobitz, vol. i, Leipzig, 1884, p. 56.

359 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 79.

360 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, pp. 645, 647.

361 Heuen Tsang, “Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales,” French trans. by Stanislas Julien, Paris, 1857, vol. i, p. 461.

362 Gaina Sutras, trans. from Prakrit by Hermann Jacobi; “Sacred Books of the East,” vol. xxii, Oxford, 1884, pp. 227, 233.

363 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 33.

364 Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, pp. 33, 34.

365 Finot, “Les lapidaries indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 175.

366 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604 (fol. 16 verso).

367 Philostrati, “De Vita Apollonii,” lib. iii, cap. 36.

368 Personal communication from Taw Sein Ko.

369 The Bishop Collection: “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 54, The “Yushuo” of T’ang Jing-tso, trans. by Stephen W. Bushnell.

370 The Bishop Collection: “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, p. 36.

371 Kobert, “Ein Edelstein der Vorzeit,” Stuttgart, 1910, p. 26.

372 Alfred Marston Tozzer, “Navajo Religious Ceremonials,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, pp. 323-326, 329, Plate II.

373 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España,” Mexico, 1830, vol. iii, p. 297.

374 Sahagun, l. c., 1829, vol. i, p. 18; lib. i, cap. xiii.

375 Garcilasso de la Vega, “Histoire des Incas.” Fr. trans. by Jean Baudoin, Amsterdam, 1715, vol. ii, pp. 255-257.

376 Ibid., p. 347.

377 “A Remarkable Jadeite Adze,” American Association for the Advancement of Science. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 278-280.

378 “Nephrit und Jadite,” Stuttgart, 1880.

379 The Bishop Collection, “Investigations and Studies in Jade,” New York, 1906, vol. i, pt. iii, “Jade as a Mineral,” by George Frederick Kunz, p. 177. This immense mass of nephrite which forms part of the Heber Bishop Collection loan of jade is now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

380 Kunz, “Chalchiuitl: a note on the jadeite discussion,” Science, vol. xii, No. 298.

381 Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 107 verso, 108 recto.

382 “De ornatu oris, nasi et aurium,” Gottingæ, 1832, p. 43.

383 “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge; Smithsonian Inst., Bur. of Am. Ethn. Bull. 30. Pt. I, p. 458; Washington, 1910.

384 “Historia de las Indias,” in “Bib. de autores españoles,” vol. xxii, Madrid, 1852, p. 202.

385 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España,” Mexico, 1829, vol. ii, pp. 389-391, lib. ix, cap. xvii.

386 Klot, “Ueber den Nützen und Gebrauch der alten geschnittenen Steine,” Altenburg, 1768, p. 57.

387 Erasmi Stellæ, “Interpretamentum Gemmarum,” 3d ed., Erfurti et Lipsiæ, 1736, p. 27.

388 Agricolæ, “De natura fossilium,” lib. vi, Basileæ, 1546, p. 289.

389 Gesner, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, ff. 112v, 113r.

390 “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” La Haye, 1718, vol. i, p. 48; Voyages en Perse, liv. i, chap. iv.

391 José Ignacio Miró, “Estudio de las piedras preciosas,” Madrid, 1870, pp. 135, 136.

392 Lassels, “The Voyage of Italy,” Paris, 1670, Pt. II, p. 344.

393 Lassels, l.c., p. 339.

394 Scotto, “Itinerario d’Italia,” Roma, 1747, p. 314.

395 José Ignacio Miró, “Estudio de las piedras preciosas,” Madrid, 1870, pp. 136, 137, 229.

396 Cartularium abbathiæ de Whiteby, Surtees Soc. Pub., vol. lxix, pp. xvi-xx.

397 Cardani, “De subtilitate,” lib. v, Basileæ, 1560, p. 370.

398 Dr. Baelz, of the Imperial University of Tokyo, in Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1904, pp. 523-547.

399 Mason, “Burmah, its People and Natural Productions,” Rangoon, 1860, pp. 109, 110.

400 Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour, trans. by Clement R. Markham, London, 1859, p. 38, Hakluyt Soc. Pub.

401 Chiocci, “Museum Calceolarium,” Veronæ, 1622, p. 251.

402 Kircher, “Mundus Subterraneus,” Amstelodami, 1665, p. 36; Tabula IV, Fig. 6.

403 Creuzer, “Antik geschnittene Steine vom Grabmahl der heiligen Elizabeth,” Leipsic and Darmstadt, 1834, p. 25.

404 Barbier de Montault, “Le Trésor de l’Abbaye de Sainte-Croix de Poitier”; in Mém. de la Soc. d’Antiq. de l’Ouest, Sec. Ser., vol. lv, 1881, pp. 105, 106; Poitiers, 1882.

405 Italian MS. of the fourteenth century in the author’s library; fol. 41 b.

406 Ravenshaw, “Antiente Epitaphs,” London, 1878, p. 110.

407 Ravenshaw, “Antiente Epitaphs,” London, 1878, p. 113.

408 See Audsley, “Handbook of Christian Symbolism,” London, 1865, pp. 135-137.

409 Flavii Josephi, “De Antiq. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. viii, 9; Opera, ed. Dindorf, Parisiis, 1845, vol. i, pp. 100, 101.

410 “Ant. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. vii, 5, Flavii Josephi Opera, Basileæ, 1544, p. 75.

411 Sancti Patri Epiphanii, “De XII Gemmis,” Tiguri, 1566, ff. 12-14. Edited by Conrad Gesner from a unique MS. in his possession.

412 Ginsburg, “Legends of the Jews,” Eng. trans., Phila., 1909, vol. i, p. 34.

413 See J. L. Myers in the “Encyclopædia Biblica,” vol. iv, pp. 4799-4812.

414 See Gimma, “Della storia naturale delle gemme,” Napoli, 1730, vol. i, pp. 208, 209.

415 Hommel, “Altisraelitische Ueberlieferung,” pp. 281, sqq.; Erman, “Aegypten,” Tübingen, 1885, p. 402.

416 Aureli Augustini, “Opera Omnia,” vol. iii, Part I, col. 637; Patrologiæ Latinæ, ed. Migne, vol. xxxviii, Paris, 1864.

417 “Natural History of Precious Stones,” London, 1870, p. 333.

418 Procopius, ed. Dindorf, Bonnae. 1833, vol. i, p. 445; “De bello Vandalico,” lib. ii, cap. 9.

419 Procopius, ed. Dindorf, Bonnae, 1833, vol. i, p. 445; “De bello Vandalico,” lib. ii, cap. 9.

420 For an account of the immense booty taken by the Arabs, under Sa’ad, on this occasion, see Rawlinson, “Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy,” London, 1876, pp. 564-566. The total value has been placed as high as $125,000,000.

421 C. H. Emerson, “Psychocraft” [Portland, Me., 1911].

422 “Der Midrasch Bemidbar Rabba,” German transl. by Dr. Aug. Wünsche, Leipzig, 1885, pp. 15, 16. Parasha II. Of the tarshish it is said the color resembled that of “the costly stone with which women adorn themselves,” possibly the pearl is signified. Hebrew text in “Sepher Midrash Rabba,” Vilna, 1845, pt. iii, “Sepher Bemidbar,” p. 23.

423 There are two evident transpositions in the text of Josephus between the fifth and sixth and the eighth and ninth stones respectively.

424 Alford, “The Greek Testament,” vol. iv, Pt. 2, p. 594.

425 Rabani Mauri, “Opera Omnia,” vol. v, col. 470. Patrologiæ Lat., vol. cxi, Parisiis, 1864.

426 “New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud,” ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), New York, 1902, p. 210. Baba Batra.

427 Brückmann, “Abhandlung von Edelsteinen,” 2d ed., Braunschweig, 1773, p. 358.

428 Flavii Josephi, ed. Dindorf, Parisii, 1847, vol. ii, p. 97; “Antiq. Jud.,” lib. iii, cap. 7, paragraph 7. In the second century, Clemens Alexandrinus (lib. v, cap. 6) repeats this idea of Josephus, adding that the four rows in which the gems were disposed signified the four seasons of the year.

429 Sancti Hieronymi, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1877, vol. i, col. 616; Epistola lxiv, paragraph 16.

430 Lücke, “Versuch einer Einleitung in die Offenbarung Johannes,” Bonn, 1852, p. 964.

431 Patrologiæ Græcæ, ed. Migne, vol. cvi, Parisiis, 1863, cols. 433-438.

432 Georgius Vitringa, “Nauwkeurige onderzoek van de goddelyke Openbaring der H. Apostels Johannes,” Dutch trans. of Latin by M. Gargon, Amsterdam, 1728, vol. ii, p. 681.

433 Sancti Patris Epiphanii episcopi Cypri ad Diodorum Tyri episcopum, “De XII. Gemmis, quæ erant in veste Aaronis,” ed. Gesner, Tiguri, 1565.

434 Rabani Mauri, “Opera Omnia,” vol. v, col. 465; in Patrologiæ Latinæ, ed. Migne, vol. xvi, Paris, 1864.

435 Poujet fils, “Traité des pierres précieuses,” Paris, 1762, p. 4.

436 Poujet fils, l.c.

437 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt II, Calcutta, 1881, pp 619, 621

438 The star-sapphire has already been described on pp. 106, 107.

439 Eliphas Lévi, “Rituel de la haute magie,” Paris, 1861.

440 For this number, and for the succeeding multiples of thirteen, the gem is believed to counteract the malign influence of the number.

441 Wilhelmus Eo, “Coronæ Gemma Nobilissima,” Newheusern, 1621, pp. 38-9.

442 Gaffarelli, “Curiositates inauditæ,” Hamburgi, 1706, pp. 146, 147.

443 Schindler, “Der Aberglaube des Mittelalters,” Breslau, 1858, p. 131.

444 Reichelti, “De amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 45; citing Ficini, “De vita coelit.,” cap. 13.

445 Mairan, “Lettres au R. P. Parrenin,” Paris, 1770, pp. 275 sqq.

446 Mairan, l.c., pp. 199, 211.

447 “Collection of Engraved Gems,” Metropolitan Museum of Art, Handbook No. 9, pp. 53, 54.

448 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s Râjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 80.

449 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s Râjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 83.

450 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien,” Naharari’s Râjanighantu, Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 84.

451 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, p. 883.

452 Morales, “De las virtudes y propiedades marvillosas de las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, fols. 15a, 15b.

453 Rantzau, “Tractatus de genethliacorum thematum judiciis,” Francofurti, 1633, pp. 46-55.

454 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X; codice original, Madrid, 1881, fols. 101-109.

455 Lane, “Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,” ed. by Stanley Lane-Poole, London, 1883, p. 98.

456 Pantagruel, liv. v, chap. xlii, Paris, 1833, p. 341.

457 Morales, “De las Piedras Preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604.

458 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, pp. 16a-16b.

459 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, f. liv-lvi.

460 Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum Lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, f. liii.

461 Butler, “Hudibras,” Part II, Canto III, 11, 1096-1103.

462 Artemidori Daldiani et Achametis Sereimi Oneirocritica, ed. Regaltius, Lutetiæ, 1603, pp. 86, 87.

463 Ibid., p. 228.

464 Venice, 1602, p. 254.

465 “The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophrastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great,” trans. by Arthur Edward Waite, London, 1894, Vol. I, pp. 14, 225, Vol. II, p. 218.

466 Plutarchi, “Vitæ,” ed. Sinteris, Lipsiæ, 1884, p. 339; Pericles, 38.

467 Eusebii Pamphili, “De laudibus Constantini,” cap. v; in Eusebii, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1857, cols. 1337, 1340; Patrologiæ Græcæ, vol. xx.

468 The Travels of Sir Jerome Horsey, Hakluyt Society, London, 1856, pp. 199, 200.

469 The Fuggers of Augsburg, the jeweller bankers of the 15th and 16th centuries.

470 Wolffii, “Curiosus amuletorum scrutator,” Francofurti et Lipsiæ, 1692, p. 363; citing Rodolphus Goclenius (De peste, p. 70).

471 Olaus Borrichius, in the Collection Académique, Paris, 1757, tome iv, p. 338.

472 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X, Codice Original, Madrid, 1881, f. xi.

473 “De lapidibus,” Friburgi, 1531, f. 8.

474 New edition of the Babylonian Talmud, ed. and trans. by Michael L. Rodkinson, vol. v (xiii), Baba Barat, New York, 1902, p. 53. See also Beer, “Leben Abraham’s,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 79.

475 Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Málá,” Pt. I, Calcutta, 1879, pp. 137, 139, 141.

476 Andrea Spigello, “De semitert.”; cited in Gimma, “Della Storia naturale delle gemme,” Napoli, 1730, vol. i, p. 208.

477 Raumer, “Historisches Taschenbuch,” I Ser., vol. vi, Leipzig, 1835, p. 370.

478 Josephi Gonelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, pp. 76, 77.

479 Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X, Codice Original, Madrid, 1881, f. xv.

480 Marbodus, l. c., f. 48.

481 Rueus, l. c., p. 36.

482 Morales, “De las piedras preciosas,” Valladolid, 1604, f. 101.

483 Andreæ Bacci, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Francofurti, 1603, pp. 63, 64 (annotation of Gabelchover to his Latin version).

484 Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 16.

485 Psellus, “De lapidum virtutibus,” Lug. Bat., 1745, p. 32.

486 Johannis Braunii, “De Vestitu sacerd. Heb.,” Amstel., 1680, p. 659.

487 From an old book the title-page of which reads: “In hoc volumine de Alchemia,” etc., Norimberghe, 1541, p. 363.

488 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien; Naharari’s Râjanighantu, Varga xiii,” Leipzig, 1882, p. 76.

489 Teifashi, “Fior di pensieri sulle pietre preziose,” Ital. trans. by Antonio Raineri, Firenzi, 1818, p. 20.

490 “The Discovery of the Large, Rich, and Beautiful Empire of Guiana,” London, 1848, p. 29, Hakluyt Pub. Originally published in 1596.

491 Lettres de Voiture, ed. by Octave Uzanne, Paris, 1880, vol. i, p. 66, Letter XXIII.

492 Josephi Gonnelli, “Thesaurus philosophicus, seu de gemmis,” Neapoli, 1702, pp. 157, 158.

493 Claudii Galeni, “De simplic. medicament., etc.,” lib. ix, cap. 19. “Opera Omnia,” ed. C. G. Kühn, Lipsiæ, 1826, vol. xii, p. 207. See also Duffield Osborne, “Engraved Gems,” New York, 1912, pp. 138, 139.

494 Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Râjanighantu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 70.

495 The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, by William Langley (or Langland). Ed. by Rev. Walter W. Skeat, Oxford, 1881, p. 16. Passus II, lines 8-15.

496 Trimmed with fur.

497 Handsomely.

498 Adorned.

499 Burning coal.

500 Aquamarines.

501 Poisons.

502 Dugdale, “History of Saint Paul’s Cathedral in London,” London, 1818, vol. i, pp. 15, 16. First edition published in 1658.

503 Alberti Magni, “Opera omnia,” ed. Borgnet, Paris, 1890, vol. v, p. 44.

504 Labarte, “Inventaire du mobilier de Charles V,” Paris, 1879, p. 308, No. 2937.

505 “A Ternary of Paradoxes, written originally by Joh. Bapt. Van Helmont and translated, illustrated, and amplicated by Walter Charleton,” London, 1650, p. 17.

506 S. Hildegardæ, “Opera omnia,” in Pat. Lat. ed. by J. P. Migne, vol. cxcvii, Parisiis, 1855, col. 1255.

507 Arnobio, “Il tesoro delle gioie,” Venice, 1602, p. 21.

508 Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, p. 91, note.

509 Monardes, Semplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia (Latin version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 51.

510 Sahagun, “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España,” vol. iii. Mexico, 1830, pp. 300, 301; lib. xi, cap. viii.

List of Frontispiece stones

Five Asteria—Star Sapphires, Ceylon

Ruby—Asteria—Ceylon

Sunstone, Perth, Canada

Moonstone—with white light—Ceylon

Moonstone—bluish chatoyancy—Ceylon

Iris—Brazil, South America

Alexandrite—Green, Ceylon

Cat’s Eye—Ceylon

Alexandrite—Red by artificial light—Ceylon

Precious Opal—Hungary

Fire Opal, Queretera, Mexico

Black Opal—Lightning Ridge, New South Wales

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