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The Natural History of Pliny, Vol. 1

by Pliny the Elder

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  1. 1Preface
  2. 2The Life and Writings of Pliny
  3. 3Contents. Of the First Volume
  4. 4Book I — Dedication — C. Plinius Secundus to His Friend Titus Vespa…
  5. 5Book II — An Account of the World and the Elements
  6. 6Chap. 1 — (1.) — Whether the World Be Finite, and Whether There Be…
  7. 7Chap. 2 — (2.) — Of the Form of the World
  8. 8Chap. 3 — (3.) — Of Its Nature; Whence the Name Is Derived
  9. 9Chap. 4 — (5.) — Of the Elements and the Planets
  10. 10Chap. 5 — (7.) — Of God
  11. 11Chap. 6 — (8.) — Of the Nature of the Stars; of the Motion of the P…
  12. 12Chap. 7 — Of the Eclipses of the Moon and the Sun
  13. 13Chap. 8 — (11.) — Of the Magnitude of the Stars
  14. 14Chap. 9 — (12.) — An Account of the Observations That Have Been Mad…
  15. 15Chap. 10 — (13.) — On the Recurrence of the Eclipses of the Sun and…
  16. 16Chap. 11 — (14.) — Of the Motion of the Moon
  17. 17Chap. 12 — (15.) — Of the Motions of the Planets and the General La…
  18. 18Chap. 13 — Why the Same Stars Appear at Some Times More Lofty and a…
  19. 19Chap. 14 — (17.) — Why the Same Stars Have Different Motions
  20. 20Chap. 15 — General Laws of the Planets
  21. 21Chap. 16 — (18.) — The Reason Why the Stars Are of Different Colours
  22. 22Chap. 17 — (19.) — Of the Motion of the Sun and the Cause of the Ir…
  23. 23Chap. 18 — (20.) — Why Thunder Is Ascribed to Jupiter
  24. 24Chap. 19 — (21.) — Of the Distances of the Stars
  25. 25Chap. 20 — (22.) — Of the Harmony of the Stars
  26. 26Chap. 21 — (23.) — Of the Dimensions of the World
  27. 27Chap. 22 — (24.) — Of the Stars Which Appear Suddenly, or of Comets
  28. 28Chap. 23 — Their Nature, Situation, and Species
  29. 29Chap. 24 — (26.) — The Doctrine of Hipparchus About the Stars
  30. 30Chap. 25 — Examples From History of Celestial Prodigies; Faces, Lam…
  31. 31Chap. 26 — Trabes Celestes; Chasma Cœli
  32. 32Chap. 27 — (27.) — Of the Colours of the Sky and of Celestial Flame
  33. 33Chap. 28 — (28.) — Of Celestial Coronæ
  34. 34Chap. 29 — Of Sudden Circles
  35. 35Chap. 30 — Of Unusually Long Eclipses of the Sun
  36. 36Chap. 31 — (31.) — Many Suns
  37. 37Chap. 32 — (32.) — Many Moons
  38. 38Chap. 33 — (33.) — Daylight in the Night
  39. 39Chap. 34 — (34.) — Burning Shields — Chap. 35 — (35.) — An Ominous…
  40. 40Chap. 36 — (36.) — Of Stars Which Move About in Various Directions
  41. 41Chap. 37 — (37.) — Of the Stars Which Are Named Castor and Pollux
  42. 42Chap. 38 — (38.) — Of the Air and on the Cause of the Showers of St…
  43. 43Chap. 39 — (39.) — Of the Stated Seasons
  44. 44Chap. 40 — (40.) — Of the Rising of the Dog-Star
  45. 45Chap. 41 — (41.) — Of the Regular Influence of the Different Seasons
  46. 46Chap. 42 — (42.) — Of Uncertain States of the Weather
  47. 47Chap. 43 — (43.) — Of Thunder and Lightning
  48. 48Chap. 44 — The Origin of Winds
  49. 49Chap. 45 — Various Observations Respecting Winds
  50. 50Chap. 46 — (47.) — The Different Kinds of Winds
  51. 51Chap. 47 — The Periods of the Winds
  52. 52Chap. 48 — Nature of the Winds
  53. 53Chap. 49 — (48.) — Ecnephias and Typhon
  54. 54Chap. 50 — Tornadoes; Blasting Winds; Whirlwinds, and Other Wonderf…
  55. 55Chap. 51 — (50.) — Of Thunder; in What Countries It Does Not Fall,…
  56. 56Chap. 52 — (51.) — Of the Different Kinds of Lightning and Their Wo…
  57. 57Chap. 53 — (52.) — The Etrurian and the Roman Observations on These…
  58. 58Chap. 54 — (53.) — Of Conjuring Up Thunder
  59. 59Chap. 55 — (54.) — General Laws of Lightning
  60. 60Chap. 56 — (55.) — Objects Which Are Never Struck
  61. 61Chap. 57 — (56.) — Showers of Milk, Blood, Flesh, Iron, Wool, and B…
  62. 62Chap. 58 — (57.) — Rattling of Arms and the Sound of Trumpets Heard…
  63. 63Chap. 59 — (58.) — Of Stones That Have Fallen From the Clouds. The…
  64. 64Chap. 60 — (59.) — The Rainbow
  65. 65Chap. 61 — The Nature of Hail, Snow, Hoar, Mist, Dew; the Forms of…
  66. 66Chap. 62 — (62.) — The Peculiarities of the Weather in Different Pl…
  67. 67Chap. 63 — (63.) — Nature of the Earth
  68. 68Chap. 64 — (64.) — Of the Form of the Earth
  69. 69Chap. 65 — (65.) — Whether There Be Antipodes?
  70. 70Chap. 66 — How the Water Is Connected With the Earth. Of the Naviga…
  71. 71Chap. 67 — (67.) — Whether the Ocean Surrounds the Earth
  72. 72Chap. 68 — (68.) — What Part of the Earth Is Inhabited
  73. 73Chap. 69 — (69.) — That the Earth Is in the Middle of the World
  74. 74Chap. 70 — (70.) — Of the Obliquity of the Zones
  75. 75Chap. 71 — Of the Inequality of Climates
  76. 76Chap. 72 — In What Places Eclipses Are Invisible, and Why This Is t…
  77. 77Chap. 73 — (71.) — What Regulates the Daylight on the Earth
  78. 78Chap. 74 — (72.) — Remarks on Dials, as Connected With This Subject
  79. 79Chap. 75 — (73.) — When and Where There Are No Shadows
  80. 80Chap. 76 — (74.) — -Where This Takes Place Twice in the Year and Wh…
  81. 81Chap. 77 — (75.) — Where the Days Are the Longest and Where the Sho…
  82. 82Chap. 78 — (76.) — Of the First Dial
  83. 83Chap. 79 — (77.) — Of the Mode in Which the Days Are Computed
  84. 84Chap. 80 — (78.) — Of the Difference of Nations as Depending on the…
  85. 85Chap. 81 — (79.) — Of Earthquakes
  86. 86Chap. 82 — (80.) — Of Clefts of the Earth
  87. 87Chap. 83 — (81.) — Signs of an Approaching Earthquake
  88. 88Chap. 84 — (82.) — Preservatives Against Future Earthquakes
  89. 89Chap. 85 — (83.) — Prodigies of the Earth Which Have Occurred Once…
  90. 90Chap. 86 — (84.) — Wonderful Circumstances Attending Earthquakes
  91. 91Chap. 87 — (85.) — In What Places the Sea Has Receded
  92. 92Chap. 88 — (86.) — The Mode in Which Islands Rise Up
  93. 93Chap. 89 — (87.) — What Islands Have Been Formed, and at What Periods
  94. 94Chap 90 — Lands Which Have Been Separated by the Sea
  95. 95Chap. 91 — (89.) — Islands Which Have Been United to the Main Land
  96. 96Chap. 92 — (90.) — Lands Which Have Been Totally Changed Into Seas
  97. 97Chap. 93 — (91.) — Lands Which Have Been Swallowed Up
  98. 98Chap. 94 — (92.) — Cities Which Have Been Absorbed by the Sea
  99. 99Chap. 95 — (93.) — Of Vents in the Earth
  100. 100Chap. 96 — (94.) — Of Certain Lands Which Are Always Shaking, and o…
  101. 101Chap. 97 — (96.) — Places in Which It Never Rains
  102. 102Chap. 98 — The Wonders of Various Countries Collected Together
  103. 103Chap. 99 — (97.) — Concerning the Cause of the Flowing and Ebbing o…
  104. 104Chap. 100 — Where the Tides Rise and Fall in an Unusual Manner
  105. 105Chap. 101 — (98.) — Wonders of the Sea
  106. 106Chap. 102 — (99.) — The Power of the Moon Over the Land and the Sea
  107. 107Chap. 103 — (100.) — The Power of the Sun
  108. 108Chap. 104 — Why the Sea Is Salt
  109. 109Chap. 105 — (102.) — Where the Sea Is the Deepest
  110. 110Chap. 106 — (103.) — The Wonders of Fountains and Rivers
  111. 111Chap. 107 — The Wonders of Fire and Water United
  112. 112Chap. 108 — (104.) — Of Maltha
  113. 113Chap. 109 — (105.) — Of Naphtha
  114. 114Chap. 110 — (106.) — Places Which Are Always Burning
  115. 115Chap. 111 — (107.) — Wonders of Fire Alone
  116. 116Chap. 112 — (108.) — The Dimensions of the Earth
  117. 117Chap. 113 — The Harmonical Proportion of the Universe
  118. 118Book III — An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, M…
  119. 119Chap. 1 — (1.) — The Boundaries and Gulfs of Europe First Set Forth…
  120. 120Chap. 2 — Of Spain Generally
  121. 121Chap. 3 — Of Bætica
  122. 122Chap. 4 — (3.) — Of Nearer Spain
  123. 123Chap. 5 — (4.) — Of the Province of Gallia Narbonensis
  124. 124Chap. 6 — (5.) — Of Italy
  125. 125Chap. 7 — Of the Ninth Region of Italy
  126. 126Chap. 8 — The Seventh Region of Italy
  127. 127Chap. 9 — The First Region of Italy; the Tiber; Rome
  128. 128Chap. 10 — The Third Region of Italy
  129. 129Chap. 11 — Sixty-Four Islands, Among Which Are the Baleares
  130. 130Chap. 12 — (6.) — Corsica
  131. 131Chap. 13 — Sardinia
  132. 132Chap. 14 — (8.) — Sicily
  133. 133Chap. 15 — (10.) — Magna Græcia, Beginning at Locri
  134. 134Chap. 16 — The Second Region of Italy
  135. 135Chap. 17 — (12.) — The Fourth Region of Italy
  136. 136Chap. 18 — (13.) — The Fifth Region of Italy
  137. 137Chap. 19 — (14.) — The Sixth Region of Italy
  138. 138Chap. 20 — (15.) — The Eighth Region of Italy; the Padus
  139. 139Chap. 21 — (17.) — The Eleventh Region of Italy; Italia Transpadana
  140. 140Chap. 22 — (18.) — The Tenth Region of Italy
  141. 141Chap. 23 — (19.) — Istria, Its People and Locality
  142. 142Chap. 24 — (20.) — The Alps, and the Alpine Nations
  143. 143Chap. 25 — (21.) — Liburnia and Illyricum
  144. 144Chap. 26 — (22.) — Dalmatia
  145. 145Chap. 27 — (24.) — The Norici
  146. 146Chap. 28 — (25.) — Pannonia
  147. 147Chap. 29 — (26.) — Mœsia
  148. 148Chap. 30 — Islands of the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic
  149. 149Book IV — An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mo…
  150. 150Chap. 2 — Acarnania
  151. 151Chap. 3 — (2.) — Ætolia
  152. 152Chap. 4 — (3.) — Locris and Phocis
  153. 153Chap. 5 — (4.) — The Peloponnesus
  154. 154Chap. 6 — (5.) — Achaia
  155. 155Chap. 7 — Messenia
  156. 156Chap. 8 — Laconia
  157. 157Chap. 9 — Argolis
  158. 158Chap. 10 — (6.) — Arcadia
  159. 159Chap. 11 — (7.) — Attica
  160. 160Chap. 12 — Bœotia
  161. 161Chap. 13 — Doris — Chap. 14 — Phthiotis
  162. 162Chap. 15 — (8.) — Thessaly Proper
  163. 163Chap. 16 — (9.) — Magnesia
  164. 164Chap. 17 — (10.) — Macedonia
  165. 165Chap. 18 — (11.) — Thrace; the Ægean Sea
  166. 166Chap. 19 — (12.) — The Islands Which Lie Before the Lands Already M…
  167. 167Chap. 20 — Crete
  168. 168Chap. 21 — Eubœa
  169. 169Chap. 22 — The Cyclades
  170. 170Chap. 23 — The Sporades
  171. 171Chap. 24 — The Hellespont — The Lake Mæotis
  172. 172Chap. 25 — Dacia, Sarmatia
  173. 173Chap. 26 — Scythia
  174. 174Chap. 27 — The Islands of the Euxine. The Islands of the Northern O…
  175. 175Chap. 28 — Germany
  176. 176Chap. 29 — (15.) — Ninety-Six Islands of the Gallic Ocean
  177. 177Chap. 30 — (16.) — Britannia
  178. 178Chap. 31 — (17.) — Gallia Belgica
  179. 179Chap. 32 — (18.) — Gallia Lugdunensis
  180. 180Chap. 33 — (19.) — Gallia Aquitanica
  181. 181Chap. 34 — (20.) — Nearer Spain, Its Coast Along the Gallic Ocean
  182. 182Chap. 35 — (21.) — Lusitania
  183. 183Chap. 36 — The Islands in the Atlantic Ocean
  184. 184Chap. 37 — (23.) — The General Measurement of Europe
  185. 185Book V — An Account of Countries, Nations, Seas, Towns, Havens, Mou…
  186. 186Chap. 2 — (3.) — Numidia
  187. 187Chap. 3 — (4.) — Africa
  188. 188Chap. 4 — The Syrtes
  189. 189Chap. 5 — (5.) — Cyrenaica
  190. 190Chap. 6 — (6.) — Libya Mareotis
  191. 191Chap. 7 — (7.) — The Islands in the Vicinity of Africa
  192. 192Chap. 8 — (8.) — Countries on the Other Side of Africa
  193. 193Chap. 9 — (9.) — Egypt and Thebais
  194. 194Chap. 10 — The River Nile
  195. 195Chap. 11 — The Cities of Egypt
  196. 196Chap. 12 — (11.) — The Coasts of Arabia, Situate on the Egyptian Sea
  197. 197Chap. 13 — (12.) — Syria
  198. 198Chap. 14 — Idumæa, Palæstina, and Samaria
  199. 199Chap. 15 — (14.) — Judæa
  200. 200Chap. 16 — (18.) — Decapolis
  201. 201Chap. 17 — (19.) — Phœnice
  202. 202Chap. 18 — Syria Antiochia
  203. 203Chap. 19 — (23.) — The Remaining Parts of Syria
  204. 204Chap. 20 — (24.) — The Euphrates
  205. 205Chap. 21 — Syria Upon the Euphrates
  206. 206Chap. 22 — (27.) — Cilicia and the Adjoining Nations
  207. 207Chap. 23 — Isauria and the Homonades
  208. 208Chap. 24 — Pisidia
  209. 209Chap. 25 — Lycaonia
  210. 210Chap. 26 — Pamphylia
  211. 211Chap. 27 — Mount Taurus
  212. 212Chap. 28 — Lycia
  213. 213Chap. 29 — Caria
  214. 214Chap. 30 — Lydia
  215. 215Chap. 31 — Ionia
  216. 216Chap. 32 — (30.) — Æolis
  217. 217Chap. 33 — Troas and the Adjoining Nations
  218. 218Chap. 34 — (31.) — The Islands Which Lie in Front of Asia
  219. 219Chap. 35 — Cyprus
  220. 220Chap. 36 — Rhodes
  221. 221Chap. 37 — Samos
  222. 222Chap. 38 — Chios
  223. 223Chap. 39 — Lesbos
  224. 224Chap. 40 — (32.) — The Hellespont and Mysia
  225. 225Chap. 41 — Phrygia
  226. 226Chap. 42 — Galatia and the Adjoining Nations
  227. 227Chap. 43 — Bithynia
  228. 228Chap. 44 — The Islands of the Propontis
  229. 229Appendix of Corrections

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