Bibliography
[The following list of books will serve two purposes, as a guide to the reader who wishes to inquire further on any special point, and as an acknowledgment of some of the obligations of the writer. Only works available in English are here included, and the list is selected rather than exhaustive.]
General Histories of Rome
Pelham. Outlines of Roman History. Rivingtons.
Warde Fowler. Rome. (Home University Library.) Williams and Norgate.
General Histories of the Republic
Mommsen. A History of Rome. 5 vols. Bentley.
Heitland. The Roman Republic, 3 vols. Cambridge University Press.
Myres. A History of Rome. Rivingtons.
How and Leigh. A History of Rome to the Death of Cæsar. Longmans.
General Histories of the Empire
Gibbon. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Ed. Bury. Methuen. 7 vols.
Bury. The Student’s Roman Empire (to the Death of Marcus Aurelius). Murray.
Stuart Jones. Roman Empire. Story of the Nations. Fisher Unwin.
Special Periods and Biographies
Straciian-Davidson. Cicero. Heroes of the Nations. Putnams.
Warde Fowler. Cæsar. Heroes of the Nations. Putnams.
Boissier. Cicero and his Friends. Innes.
Oman. Seven Roman Statesmen. Arnold.
Mommsen. The Provinces of the Roman Empire. 2 vols. Macmillan.
Dill. Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius. Macmillan.
—— Roman Society in the last Century of the Western Empire. Macmillan.
Rice Holmes. Cæsar’s Conquest of Gaul. Macmillan, and Clarendon Press.
Pais. Ancient Legends of Roman History. Sonnenschein.
Ferrero. Greatness and Decline of Rome. 5 vols. Heinemann.
Tarver. Tiberius the Tyrant. Constable.
Haverfield. The Romanisation of Roman Britain. Clarendon Press.
Politics
Greenidge. Roman Public Life. Macmillan.
Arnold. Roman Provincial Administration. Macmillan.
Morals and Religion
Friedlander. Roman Life and Manners. Routledge.
Warde Fowler. The Religious Experiences of the Roman People. Macmillan.
—— The Roman Festivals. Macmillan.
Glover. Conflict of Religions under the Roman Empire. Methuen.
Ramsay. The Church in the Roman Empire before A.D. 170. Putnams.
Lecky. History of European Morals. Longmans.
Economics
Cunningham. Western Civilisation in its Economic Aspects. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
Literature
Sellar. Roman Poets of the Augustan Age. Clarendon Press.
Cruttwell. History of Roman Literature. Griffin.
Mackail. Latin Literature. Murray.
Rushforth. Latin Historical Inscriptions. Clarendon Press.
Art and Archœology
Mrs. Strong. Roman Sculpture. Duckworth.
Walters. The Art of the Romans. Methuen.
Wickhoff. Roman Art. Macmillan.
Mau. Pompeii, its Life and Art. Macmillan.
Hill. Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins. Macmillan.
Topography.
Burn. Rome and the Campagna.
Middleton. Remains of Ancient Rome. 2 vols. 1872.
Murray’s Handbooks.
Baedeker’s Guides.
Lanciani. Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Macmillan.
Law
Buckland. Roman Law of Slavery. 1908. Cambridge University Press.
Roby. Roman Private Law. 1902. Cambridge University Press.
Footnotes
1 Is there aught which ruinous Time does not impair? Our fathers, a generation worse than our grandsires, begat us, a race more evil, soon to produce offspring more wicked still. (Odes, III. vi. 45-8.)
2 Plates 1, 2, 3, 8, and 70.
3 Plate 2.
4 Plate 4.
5 Plate 5.
6 Plate 6.
7 Plate 7.
8 See “The Glory that was Greece,” pp. 10-11, &c.
9 Plate 8.
10 Plate 9.
11 What thou owest to the stock of Nero, O Rome, let Metaurus’ flood bear witness, and the defeated Hasdrubal, and that fair dawn that drove the darkness from Latium.... And at length spake treacherous Hannibal: “We are but deer, the prey of ravening wolves, but lo! we are pursuing those whom to escape is a rare triumph.... No proud ambassadors now shall I send to Carthage perished, perished is all our hope and all the fortune of our race, for Hasdrubal is dead.” (Odes, IV. iv. 37-40, 49-52, 69-72).
12 Plate II.
13 See “The Glory that was Greece,” p. 261.
14 Plate 12.
15 Plate 13.
16 Plate 22, No. 1.
17 Plate 14.
18 Plate 22, No. 2.
19 Plate 27.
20 But unless the breast is cleared, what battles and dangers must then find their way into us in our own despite! What poignant cares inspired by lust then rend the distrustful man, and then also what mighty fears! and pride, filthy lust, and wantonness! what disasters they occasion, and luxury and all sorts of sloth! He therefore who shall have subdued all these and banished them from the mind by words, not arms, shall he not have a just title to be ranked among the gods? (V. 43-51, Munro’s translation.)
21 The man who is sick of home often issues forth from his large mansion, and as suddenly comes back to it, finding as he does that he is no better off abroad. He races to his country house, driving his jennets in headlong haste, as if hurrying to bring help to a house on fire; he yawns the moment he has reached the door of his house, or sinks heavily into sleep and seeks forgetfulness, or even in haste goes back again to town. In this way each man flies from himself. (III. 1060-8, Munro’s translation.)
22 Away from this time forth with thy tears, rascal; a truce to thy complainings.... For old things give way and are supplanted by new without fail, and one thing must ever be replenished out of other things; and no one is delivered over to the pit and black Tartarus. Matter is needed for after generations to grow, all of which, though, will follow thee when they have finished their term of life; and thus it is that all these no less than thou have before this come to an end and hereafter will come to an end. Thus one thing will never cease to rise out of another; and life is granted to none in fee-simple, to all in usufruct. (III. 955, 964-71, Munro’s translation.)
23 Is there aught in this that looks appalling, aught that wears an aspect of gloom? Is it not more untroubled than any sleep? (III. 976-7, Munro’s translation.)
24 Suns may set and rise again; for us, when once our brief day has waned, there is one long night to be slept through. Give me a thousand kisses, and then a hundred, and another thousand, and a hundred to follow yea, and another thousand—and yet a hundred! (Carmen, V. 4-9)
25 Cease to weep, Aurunculeia: Thou need’st not fear that any lovelier maid should see the bright day coming from Ocean.
Even so the hyacinth is wont to bloom in the rich man’s many-coloured garden. But thou lingerest. The day is passing. Come forth, thou bride.
Come forth, thou bride, now if it please thee, and hear our songs. Look how the torches shake their golden hair! Come forth, thou bride.
26 Plate 15.
27 At last, Fellow Citizens of Rome, at last we are quit of Lucius Catiline. Mad with audacity, panting with iniquity, infamously contriving destruction for the fatherland, hurling his threats of fire and slaughter against us and our city, we have cast him forth or driven him forth or escorted him forth on his way with salutations. Gone, vanished, absconded, escaped! No more shall disaster be plotted against our bulwarks from within by that monster, that prodigy of wickedness. No more shall that dagger threaten our hearts. No more in the Campus, nor in the forum, nor in the senate-house, no more within the walls of our own homes, shall he fill us with panic and alarm.
28 I was grieved, Fathers and Senators, grieved that the republic once saved by your exertions and mine should be doomed so shortly to perish.... Listen, listen, Fathers and Senators, listen and learn the wounds of our fatherland!
29 As a youth I defended the state; I will not fail her in my age: I spurned the swords of Catiline; I will not tremble at thine. Nay, sirs, I would gladly give my body to death, if that could assure the liberty of our country and help the pains o£ the Roman people to bring the fruit of its long travailing to birth. Why, nearly twenty years ago in this very temple I declared that death could not come too soon for a man who had enjoyed a consulship. With how much more truth shall I declare it in my age! To me death is already covetable; I have finished with those rewards which I have gained and those honours which I have achieved. Only these two prayers I make: one, that at my death I may leave the Roman people free (than this nothing greater could be granted by the immortal gods), and, secondly, that every man may so be requited as he may deserve at the hands of the republic!
30 Plate 44, Fig. 2.
31 Plate 16.
32 See page 18.
33 Plate 22, Nos. 2 and 3.
34 Plate 18, Fig. 1.
35 Plate 18, Fig. 2.
36 Plate 20, Fig. 1.
37 Plate 19.
38 Plate 22, Fig. 4.
39 Plate 22, No. 1.
40 Plate 21.
41 Frontispiece, and Plates 23, 24, 25, 26.
42 Plate 27.
43 See Frontispiece.
44 Plate 28, Fig. 1.
45 Mayst thou [Fortune] preserve Cæsar, who marches against the Britons at the ends of the earth. (Odes, I. xxxv, 29-30.)
46 Plates 29-32.
47 Plate 35, Fig. 1.
48 Carmen Seculare, 17-20.
49 Plate 36.
50 Plate 35, Fig. 2; Plate 37; and Plate 41, Fig. 2.
51 See “The Glory that was Greece,” Plates 31 and 32.
52 Plate 73: for detail see Plates 53, 54, 55, 56.
53 Plate 41, Fig. 2; Plate 42, Fig. 1; and Plate 43.
54 Plate 38.
55 Plates 39, 40.
56 Plate 18, Fig. 1.
57 Plate 44, Fig. 2.
58 Plate 44, Fig. 1.
59 Plate 45.
60 Plate 46.
61 Plate 47.
62 Plate 48.
63 Plate 51.
64 Plate 52.
65 Plates 53, 54, 55, 56.
66 Plate 58.
67 Plate 59.
68 Plates 60, 61, 62, 63.
69 Plate 64.
70 Plates 65, 66.
71 Plate 67, Fig. 2.
72 Plate 68, Fig. 1.
73 Plate 69.
74 Plate 70.
75 Plate 71, Fig. 1.
76 Plate 72.
77 Plate 73.
78 Plate 75, Fig. 1.
79 Plate 76.
80 Plate 77.
81 Plate 29.
82 Plate 81.
83 Plate 82.
84 Plate 45.
85 Plate 83.
86 Plate 84.
87 Plate 85.
88 Plate 89.
89 Plates 87, 88, 90.
90 Plate 91.
91 Plate 92.
92 See Plate 95, Fig. 2.
93 Plate 93.
94 Plate 71, Fig. 2.
95 Plate 94.
96 Plate 95, Fig. 1.