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The Glory That Was Greece

by J. C. Stobart

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List of Illustrations

PHOTOGRAVURE PLATES
HEAD AND BUST OF THE APHRODITE OF MELOSFrontispiece
Engraved by Emery Walker from a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the Louvre, Paris. See p. 251.
TO FACE
PAGE
BOY VICTOR. BRONZE, FIFTH CENTURY B.C.160
Engraved by Emery Walker from a photograph by Bruckmann of the original in the Glyptothek, Munich. See p. 160
VASE PLATE (IN COLOUR)112
Corinthian Vase (Fig. 1) British Museum, Second Vase Room, Case 8, A 1375
Red-figured Vase (Fig. 2) British Museum, Third Vase Room, Case 17, E 453
Black-figured Vase (Fig. 3) British Museum, Second Vase Room, Case I, B 134
White Polychrome Vase (Fig. 4) British Museum, Third Vase Room, Case F, D 60
PLATE
1THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS (Fig. 1)6
From a photograph
1THE CITADEL OF CORINTH (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. In the foreground are the columns of the oldest temple in Greece
2OLYMPIA: VALLEY OF THE ALPHEUS8
From a photograph by Alinari. A specimen of Greek scenery in one of the few well-watered plains
3THE VALE OF TEMPE10
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. The famous pass at which a vain attempt was made to repel the Persian invasion of 480 B.C.
4ASSYRIAN RELIEF: KING ASSURNASIRPAL (NINTH CENTURY B.C.)18
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of Slab 36 in the Nimroud Gallery, British Museum. An example of stylistic Oriental art at its highest. See p. 19
5FAIENCE FROM THE TEMPLE REPOSITORY OF THE SECOND PALACE, CNOSSOS, CRETE22
Snake Goddess (Fig. 1). See p. 34
Wild Goat and Young (Fig. 2)
Painted from the facsimiles in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, by Diana R. Wilson, by special permission. See p. 22. According to Greek mythology Zeus was suckled by a she-goat in Crete
6THE “CUPBEARER” FRESCO24
From an article by Sir A. J. Evans in the Monthly Review, March, 1901; by kind permission of Mr. John Murray. See pp. 25 and 32
7BULL’S HEAD. LIFE-SIZE RELIEF IN PAINTED STUCCO. CNOSSOS, CRETE26
Painted from the facsimile in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, by Diana R. Wilson, by special permission. See p. 25. The bull is a very frequent subject of artistic representation at Cnossos, where bullfighting seems to have been in vogue
8THE LION GATE, MYCENÆ30
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. Showing the sculpture and masonry of prehistoric Greece. See p. 29
9VAPHIO CUPS32
Collotype plate, from the facsimiles in the British Museum, First Vase Room, Case B. Two gold cups found on Spartan territory. The design is in relief beaten up from the back. One shows the trapping of wild cattle, the other tame cattle going to pasture. The vessels are about the size of the modern teacup. See p. 30
10INLAID DAGGER-BLADES34
Collotype plate, from the electrotypes in the British Museum, as Plate 9. They show the dress and weapons of Ægean folk. All but the blade is a restoration. See p. 30
11WARRIOR VASE, BLACK STEATITE (Fig. 1)38
These vases were originally covered with gold-leaf. The subjects have not yet been completely explained. Probably the whole vase deals with athletic combats: running and leaping on the top zone, bullfighting on the second, and boxing on the third and fourth
11FRAGMENT OF SILVER VASE (Fig. 2)
Collotype plate, from the facsimiles in the British Museum, as Plate 9. See p. 38. The subject is the siege of a city. We observe that here, as in the previous illustrations, the warriors are represented as almost naked. They fight with slings and arrows and protect themselves with huge shields of wicker
12THE “FRANÇOIS” VASE42
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Alinari. See pp. 43 and 57. A masterpiece of the earlier Attic school of vase-painting. It is signed by Ergotimus and Klitias, sixth century B.C. The scenes are mythological
13HERMES KRIOPHOROS (THE LAMB-CARRIER)66
From a terra-cotta relief, British Museum, Terra-cotta Room, Case C, B 486. A fine example of archaic relief-work, showing Hermes as the Arcadian shepherd’s god
14PANORAMA OF DELPHI68
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 69
15“APOLLO” FROM ORCHOMENUS70
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the original in the National Museum. See pp. 69 and 70
16“APOLLO” OF TENEA72
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Hanfstaengl of the original at Munich
17THE “STRANGFORD APOLLO”74
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the Archaic Room, British Museum. These three figures may indicate the progress of early Greek sculpture in expressing the human figure. There is little ground for calling these figures “Apollo.” They may equally well be human athletes
18HEAD OF APOLLO, FROM THE WESTERN PEDIMENT, OLYMPIA76
Collotype plate, from a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the marble at Olympia. See p. 70
19THE “DISCOBOLUS” OF MYRON (Fig. 1)80
From a photograph by Anderson of a cast from the original in a private collection at Rome. The copy in the British Museum (drawn on p. 80) has the head reversed. See p. 81
19THE “DIADUMENUS” OF POLYCLEITUS (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. He is binding the victor’s garland round his forehead. This is, perhaps, the best of several copies made from the famous original, but it is much restored and probably not a very faithful copy
20THE “DORYPHORUS” OF POLYCLEITUS (Fig. 1)82
From a photograph by Brogi
20THE “APOXYOMENUS” (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by Alinari. See p. 81. The recent discovery of the Agias (Pl. 51) has proved that this is not, as was formerly supposed, a true example of the work of Lysippus
21CHARIOTEER: BRONZE84
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of a cast from the original at Delphi. See p. 81
22VIEW OF MODERN SPARTA, WITH MOUNT TAYGETUS86
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 87
23RUNNING GIRL90
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Anderson. Represents a competitor in the girls’ foot-race which took place at Olympia in honour of Hera. The original must have been in bronze, but this marble copy reproduces its archaic character. See p. 83
24ATHENA PROMACHOS, FROM A PANATHENAIC AMPHORA94
Drawn from Vase B 140 in the Second Vase Room, British Museum (Case I). See pp. 95 and 112
25DEMETER, PERSEPHONE, AND TRIPTOLEMUS (ELEUSINIAN RELIEF)98
From a photograph by the English Photo Co. of the original marble relief at Athens. See p. 98
26ATHENA POLIAS102
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the original bronze statuette in the Acropolis Museum. See p. 102
27CORINTHIAN VASES104
Collotype plate, from a photograph of the originals in the British Museum, Second Vase Room, Case 8, A 1430, and Case 16, B 29. The style of these vases may be distinguished by the purple tones of the colouring and the Oriental character of the designs. See Vase Plate, Fig. 1, and p. 105
28OLD TEMPLE AT CORINTH108
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 107
29STELE OF ARISTION (Fig. 1)114
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the original in the National Museum. See p. 114
29HARMODIUS (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by Alinari of the original in the Naples Museum. See p. 116
30SCULPTURED COLUMN FROM THE OLD TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS (Fig. 1)122
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the British Museum. It was dedicated, as the inscription shows, by King Crœsus. See p. 123
30RELIEF FROM THE HARPY TOMB: NORTH SIDE (Fig. 2)122
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the Archaic Room, British Museum. In the centre, a warrior yielding up his armour to Pluto. On the right and left, Fates (“Harpies”) carrying off the souls of the dead. In the right corner, a woman mourning. See p. 123
31RELIEFS FROM THE “LUDOVISI THRONE”124
From photographs by Alinari of the originals at Rome. See p. 124
32RELIEFS FROM THE “LUDOVISI THRONE”126
Collotype plate, from photographs of the originals in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass., U.S.A., by kind permission of the Director. See p. 125
33THE TEMPLE OF POSEIDON AT PÆSTO128
From a photograph. See p. 128
34METOPES FROM THE TEMPLE OF HERA AT SELINUS130
Perseus and Gorgon (Fig. 1)
Hera and Zeus (Fig. 2)
From photographs by Alinari of the originals, now in the Palermo Museum. See p. 130
35EARLY COINS OF SICILY AND MAGNA GRÆCIA132
Photographed from casts in the British Museum. See p. 131
Case I, Section C.
1. Silver Didrachm of Naxos, No. 31
Obverse: Head of Dionysus crowned with ivy. Reverse: Bunch of grapes and inscription
2. Silver Didrachm of Tarentum, No. 7
Reverse: Archaic head,? Taras. Obverse: Taras (the city’s hero) riding a dolphin, cockle-shell and inscription
3. Silver Tetradrachm of Catana, No. 25
Reverse: Winged Victory holding a wreath. Obverse: River-god as a bull with man’s head, a fish below and a water-bird above
4. Silver Tetradrachm of Syracuse, No. 35
Reverse: Head of Arethusa surrounded with dolphins. Obverse: Four-horse chariot with Victory above
36THE PLAIN OF MARATHON134
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 134
37THE BAY OF SALAMIS138
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 138
38PERICLES140
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the British Museum, after Cresilas. See p. 142
39PEDIMENTAL FIGURES FROM THE TEMPLE OF APHAIA AT ÆGINA142
From photographs by Bruckmann of the originals at Munich. See p. 147
40SCULPTURES OF THE EASTERN PEDIMENT OF THE PARTHENON146
From photographs by Mansell & Co. of the originals in the Elgin Room, British Museum. See p. 151
41PORTIONS OF THE EAST FRIEZE OF THE PARTHENON148
Figures referenced, 30-48 in the British Museum. See p. 154
42PORTIONS OF THE WEST FRIEZE OF THE PARTHENON150
Figures referenced, 2-3, 16-19, and 28-30 in the British Museum. From photographs by Mansell & Co. of the originals and casts in the British Museum. (Some of the marbles are still in situ at Athens.) See p. 155
43THE “STRANGFORD” SHIELD (Fig. 1)152
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the marble copy in the British Museum. The old Greek striking down an Amazon is said to be a portrait of Pheidias by himself. See p. 156
43RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ACROPOLIS (Fig. 2)S
From a drawing by R. Bohn in the British Museum. See p. 163
44THE LEMNIAN ATHENA154
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Tamme of the marble at Dresden, completed by Furtwängler from the head at Bologna. See P. 157
45HEAD OF THE LEMNIAN ATHENA156
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Alinari of the marble at Bologna. See p. 158
46STATUE OF MARSYAS, AFTER MYRON158
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original bronze in the British Museum, after Myron. See p. 159
47THE VICTORY OF PÆONIUS (Fig. 1)162
From a photograph of the original at Olympia
47THE “SPINARIO” (Fig. 2)
From a photograph of the original at Florence. See p. 161
48THE PARTHENON: MODERN VIEW FROM NORTH-WEST164
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 163
49THE TEMPLE OF NIKÈ APTEROS (THE WINGLESS VICTORY) (Fig. 1)166
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 164
49THE CARYATID PORCH OF THE ERECHTHEUM (Fig. 2)166
From a photograph. See p. 166
50THE “THESEUM,” ATHENS168
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. Really a temple of Hephæstus. See p. 167
51THE “AGIAS” OF LYSIPPUS170
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. A marble statue recently discovered at Delphi. It can be identified as a contemporary replica of a bronze by Lysippus, and is our only certain evidence of his style. See pp. 169 and 218
52THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT PHIGALEIA [BASSÆ]172
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. See p. 169
53PORTIONS OF THE PHIGALEIAN FRIEZE174
From photographs by Mansell & Co. of the originals, now in the British Museum (Phigaleian Room). See p. 170
54THEATRE AT EPIDAURUS176
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens. The best extant example of a Greek theatre. In the centre is the circular orchestra, where the chorus danced and sang, and behind it are relics of the stage-buildings. In the centre of the orchestra was an altar of Dionysus. This theatre was built about the middle of the fourth century B.C. The auditorium would hold about 15,000 spectators. See p. 175
55MONUMENT OF LYSICRATES AT ATHENS182
From a photograph by Rhomaides. See p. 182. The whole monument would form a base for the prize tripod
56RED-FIGURED VASE AND PYXIS184
Collotype plate, from originals in the British Museum, Third Vase Room: Vase E 155; Pyxis D 11 (see illustration, p. 45). The vase is a fine two-handled kantharos of the late fifth century. The background is painted black and the figures left red. See p. 191
The Pyxis (lady’s jewel-box) shows a marriage procession, drawn in colours on a light ground. The bride is being led to the family altar, preceded by a flute-player. See p. 191
57WHITE POLYCHROME VASES (LECYTHI)186
Collotype plate, from originals in the British Museum, Third Vase Room, Vases D 54 and D 60 in Case F. Vessels, specially painted, to contain the oil used in funerals and buried in the tomb. The youth in the mourning robe is holding an oil-jar and gazing at the monument of his deceased friend. Compare Vase Plate, Fig. 4, and see p. 191
58ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE [TOMBSTONE RELIEF]188
From a photograph by Alinari of the original at Rome. See p. 192
59THE MOURNING ATHENA190
From a photograph by the English Photo Co. of the original in the Athens Museum. See p. 193
60TWO TOMBSTONE RELIEFS, FROM THE CERAMEIKOS, ATHENS192
From photographs of originals in the Athens Museum. See p. 193
61APOLLO SAUROCTONOS (THE LIZARD-SLAYER) (Fig. 1)194
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Anderson of the original in the Vatican. See p. 217
61THE CNIDIAN APHRODITE (Fig. 2)
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Mansell & Co. See p. 214. This Vatican statue of Aphrodite has never been photographed in its original nudity, but a cast was made and from it this photograph was taken
62GIRL’S HEAD196
From a photograph by Bruckmann of the original at Munich. See p. 214
63THE MARBLE FAUN, AFTER PRAXITELES (Fig. 1)198
From a photograph by Anderson of a copy in the Capitoline Gallery, Rome. See p. 214
63THE EROS OF CENTOCELLE (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by Anderson of a copy in the Vatican. See p. 215
64HEAD OF A YOUTH (Fig. 1)202
From a photograph by Brogi of the bronze at Naples. See p. 215
64WINGED HEAD OF HYPNOS (SLEEP) (Fig. 2)S
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original bronze in the British Museum. See p. 220
65THE HERMES OF PRAXITELES204
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the original at Olympia. See p. 215
66THE HERMES OF PRAXITELES: HEAD206
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the original at Olympia. See p. 215
67APOLLO AND MARSYAS208
From a photograph by the English Photo Co., Athens, of the relief from Mantinea. See p. 216
68MELEAGER: HEAD, AFTER SCOPAS210
From a photograph by Anderson of the marble at Rome. The head, which does not belong to the body, has been recognised as representing the style of Scopas (fourth century B.C.). See p. 218
69THE DEMETER OF CNIDOS212
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the marble in the British Museum. See p. 219
70SCULPTURED COLUMN FROM THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS214
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the British Museum. This belonged to the new temple built after the fire of 356 B.C. See p. 219
71FIGURE OF A YOUTH. FROM CERIGO216
From a photograph by the English Photo Co. of the bronze at Athens. See p. 220
72THE “LUDOVISI” ARES218
From a photograph by Anderson of the marble at Rome. The cupid between the god’s feet is certainly a later addition. See p. 220
73THE “RONDANINI” MEDUSA (Fig. 1)220
From a photograph by Bruckmann of the marble copy at Munich. The original was in bronze. See p. 220
73RELIEF FROM THE MAUSOLEUM (Fig. 2)
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the British Museum. Representing a combat between Greeks and Amazons. See p. 222
74STATUE OF MAUSOLUS, FROM THE MAUSOLEUM222
As the last. See p. 222
75A NIOBID224
From a photograph by Anderson of the recently discovered original at Rome. See p. 222
76ATHLETES BOXING. FROM A PANATHENAIC AMPHORA226
Drawn from Vase B 607 in the Fourth Vase Room, British Museum. It is inscribed with the name of the Archon Pythodelos, giving the date 336 B.C. The figures are in black, but this is a survival from the earlier style. See p. 224
77COINS OF THE FOURTH CENTURY228
Photographed from casts in the British Museum. See p. 225
Case III.
1 Gold Stater of Rhodes, A 37
Obverse: Head of the Sun-god. Reverse: A rose
2 Athenian Gold Stater, B 30
Obverse: Head of Athena. Reverse: Owl and olive-branch
3 Gold Stater of Panticapæum, B 2
Obverse: Head of Pan. Reverse: Gryphon and barley (the latter typifying the corn trade)
4 Silver Tetradrachm of Tenedos, A 20
Obverse: Janiform head. Reverse: Double axe and bee in a wreath
5 Sicilian Decadrachm, C 29
Obverse: Head of Arethusa or Persephone. Reverse: Four-horse chariot with Victory above and armour below
78GREEK GEMS230
From photographs by Mansell & Co. of gems in the British Museum. See p. 225
1 A Quoit-thrower or Hyacinthus; probably fourth century B.C.
2 A Wounded Warrior
3 Harper (compare Pl. 32). Fine work of the fifth century, cornelian intaglio
4 Drunken Satyr, agate scarab
5 Homeric Scene.? fifth century
6 Ideal Head in the Garb of Heracles; late work
79CORINTHIAN CAPITAL232
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the originals in the British Museum. See p. 226
80FIVE TANAGRA STATUETTES234
From photographs by Mansell & Co. of originals in the British Museum. See p. 227
81BUST OF “SOCRATES”236
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. Not an authentic portrait but a later attempt to express the rugged exterior of the sage which is often a subject of humorous allusion in Plato and elsewhere. See p. 231
82ALEXANDER AT ISSUS.242
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Brogi of the mosaic at Pompeii. See p. 245
83“THE SARCOPHAGUS OF ALEXANDER” FROM SIDON: LION-HUNT244
From a photograph by Seban and Joaillier of the original at Constantinople. See p. 246
84PORTION OF THE EASTERN FRIEZE OF THE SARCOPHAGUS OF ALEXANDER246
Reproduced in colour from Plate XXXV in “Une Nécropole Royale à Sidon,” by MM. O. Hamdy Bey and Th. Reinach, by kind permission of M. Ernest Leroux, of Paris. See p. 246
85ALEXANDER THE GREAT248
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the bust in the British Museum. See p. 246
86RELIEF FROM PERGAMUM250
Collotype plate, from a photograph by Titzenthaler of the original at Berlin. This is a clever reconstruction of the great altar of Zeus erected by the Attalids near the beginning of the second century B.C. The subject is the combat between gods and giants. See p. 251
87APHRODITE OF MELOS (THE VENUS OF MILO)252
From a photograph by Alinari of the marble in the Louvre. See p. 251
88THE VICTORY OF SAMOTHRACE254
From a photograph by Alinari of the marble in the Louvre. See p. 252
89STATUE OF ARISTOTLE256
From a photograph by Anderson of the original in the Palazzo Spada, Rome. An ideal conception of a philosopher rather than an authentic portrait. See p. 253
90THE PORTLAND VASE262
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the original in the British Museum. No certain interpretation of the figures has been made. See p. 263
91THE FARNESE BULL264
From a photograph by Brogi of the original at Naples. Depicts how Zethus and Amphion punished their stepmother, Dirce: a degenerate work by two sculptors of the Rhodian school in the first or second century B.C. See p. 265
THE PRAYING BOY266
From a photograph by Mansell & Co. of the cast in the British Museum. Original bronze at Berlin. See p. 220

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