Table of Emperors
Arcadius, 395-408
Theodosius II., 408-450
Marcianus, 450-457
Leo I., 457-474
Zeno, 474-491
Anastasius I., 491-518
Justinus I., 518-527
Justinianus I., 527-565
Justinus II., 565-578
Tiberius II., Constantinus, 578-582
Mauricius, 582-602
Phocas, 602-610
Heraclius, 610-641
Heraclius Constantinus and Heracleonas, 641-2
Constans II., 642-668
Constantine IV., 668-685
Justinian II., 685-695
Leontius, 695-697
Tiberius III., Apsimarus, 697-705
Justinian II. (restored), 705-711
Philippicus, 711-713
Anastasius II., Artemius, 713-715
Theodosius III., 715-717
Leo III., the Isaurian, 717-740
Constantine V., Copronymus, 740-775
Leo IV., 775-779
Constantine VI., 779-797
Irene, 797-802
Nicephorus I., 802-811
Stauracius, 811
Michael I., Rhangabe, 811-813
Leo V., the Armenian, 813-820
Michael II., the Amorian, 820-829
Theophilus, 829-842
Michael III., 842-867
Basil I., the Macedonian, 867-886
Leo VI., the Wise, 886-912
Constantine VII., Porphyrogenitus, 912-958
[Co-regent Emperors—
Alexander, 912-913
Romanus I., Lecapenus, 919-945]
Romanus II., 958-963
Basil II., Bulgaroktonos, 963-1025
[Co-regent Emperors—
Nicephorus II., Phocas, 963-969
John I., Zimisces, 969-976]
Constantine VIII., 1025-28
Romanus III., Argyrus, 1028-34
Michael IV., the Paphlagonian, 1034-42
Michael V., 1042
Constantine IX., Monomachus, 1042-55
Theodora, 1055-57
Michael VI., Stratioticus, 1056-57
Isaac I., Comnenus, 1057-59
Constantine X., Ducas, 1059-67
Michael VII., Ducas, 1067-78
[Co-regent Emperor—
Romanus IV., Diogenes, 1067-71]
Nicephorus III., Botaniates, 1078-81
Alexius I., Comnenus, 1081-1118
John II., Comnenus, 1118-43
Manuel I., Comnenus, 1143-80
Alexius II., Comnenus, 1180-83
Andronicus I., Comnenus, 1183-85
Isaac II., Angelus, 1185-95
Alexius III., Angelus, 1195-1203
Isaac II. (restored), 1203-4
Alexius V., Ducas, 1204
Latin Emperors.
Baldwin I., 1204-5
Henry, 1205-16
Peter, 1217-19
Robert, 1219-28
Baldwin II., 1228-61
Nicaean Emperors.
Theodore I., Lascaris, 1204-22
John III., Ducas, 1222-54
Theodore II., Ducas, 1254-59
John IV., Ducas, 1259-60
Empire Restored.
Michael VIII., Paleologus, 1260-82
Andronicus II., Paleologus, 1282-1328
Andronicus III., Paleologus, 1328-41
John V., Paleologus, 1341-91
[Co-regent—
John VI., Cantacuzenus, 1347-54]
Manuel II., 1391-1425
John VII., 1425-48
Constantine XI., 1448-53
Footnotes
1 See coin on opposite page. The Bosphorus was supposed to have drawn its name from being the place where Io, when transformed into a cow, forded the strait from Europe into Asia Βοῦς-πορὸς.
2 See coin on page 4.
3 Ammianus Marcellinus.
4 Certainly not by Procopius, whose name it bears.
5 There had been only an isolated raids of Huns in a.d. 395, which penetrated as far as Palestine. No other invasion reached as far as Antioch.
6 “Born in Germania, a district between Thrace and Illyricum,” says his secretary, Procopius. We do not know where the district—a German settlement, presumably—was situated.
7 See chap. ii. p. 22.
8 To hold the view which denied the existence both of a truly human and a truly Divine nature in Our Lord Jesus Christ.
9 See map on p. 20.
10 The murder of Amalasuntha took place after the Roman invasion of Africa; but Theodahat was already on the throne when the Vandal war was proceeding.
11 The king’s real name was Baduila, as shown on his coins, and recorded by some historians, but Imperialist writers always call him Totila, which seems to have been a nickname.
12 Bury’s “Later Roman Empire,” i. 402.
13 Agathias.
14 It is comforting to know that the popular legend which tells how the great general lived in poverty and disgrace, begging the passer-by “dare obolum Belisario,” and dying in the streets, is untrue. But the suspicious emperor’s conduct was quite unpardonable.
15 Calabria is here used in its old sense, meaning South Apulia, and not the extreme point of Italy down by Reggio and Squillace.
16 From them the Albanians descend: the Albanian tongue is the only relic of ancient Illyria.
17 To be carefully distinguished from his homonym in Justinian’s time.
18 “History of European Morals,” ii. p. 13.
19 Mr. Lecky speaks of the “perpetual fratricide” of the Byzantine emperors. It may be interesting to point out that from 340 to 1453 there was not a single emperor murdered by a brother, and only one dethroned by a brother. Two were dethroned by sons, but not murdered.
20 To the credit of Amrou and his Saracens it must be recorded that the great Alexandrian Library was not burnt by them in sheer fanatical wantonness as the legends tell. It had perished long before.
21 Mr. Bury’s excellent chapter on “Themes,” in vol. ii. of his “Later Roman Empire,” is most convincing as to these very puzzling provinces and their origin.
22 “Slaves to images”; a term of contempt not unfairly applied to the image-worshippers.
23 See p. 116.
24 It is said to have been either his birth-place or that of his mother.
25 This name was given him because he was born in the Purple Chamber, the room in the palace set aside for the Empress. Emperors born in their father’s reign had been scarce of late. Constantine VI. and Michael the Drunkard were the only two in the 110 years before Constantine VII.
26 There is a splendid copy of this book in the Bodleian Library, made as late as 1560, where all the prophecies are applied to the Turks and Venetians.
27 There were two palace intrigues against him, both headed by members of his own family. Neither of them won any support from people or army.
28 He pierced himself by misadventure with one of his own poisoned arrows, and died of the wound.
29 Nicetas, “Isaac Angelus,” book iii. ch. 8, § 6.
30 See page 289.
31 Sometimes known as John Vatatzes.
32 See Bertrandon de la Broquière quoted in Finlay, vol. iii. p. 493, a very interesting passage.
33 See pp. 24, 25.