| | PAGE |
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| List of Illustrations | xxi |
| Chapter I. The General Aspect of the City |
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| SECTION | | |
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| 1. | The Prosperity of Rome in the Reign of Hadrian (A.D. 117–138) | 1 |
| 2. | Increasing Glory of the Imperial City | 2 |
| 3. | Population and Crowded Condition of Rome | 3 |
| 4. | The Country around Rome | 5 |
| 5. | The Tiber and Its Valley | 6 |
| 6. | A View over Rome from the Campus Martius | 7 |
| 7. | The Seven Hills of Rome | 9 |
| 8. | Building Materials Used in Rome | 10 |
| 9. | The Great Use of Concrete | 11 |
| 10. | Greek Architectural Forms Plus the Arch and Vault | 12 |
| Chapter II. Streets and Street Life |
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| 11. | The Regions of Rome: Fashionable and Plebeian Quarters | 15 |
| 12. | A Typical Short Street, “Mercury Street” | 16 |
| 13. | The House and Shop Fronts | 18 |
| 14. | Street Shrines and Fountains | 20 |
| 15. | Typical Street Crowds | 21 |
| 16. | Frequent Use of Greek in Rome | 22 |
| 17. | Clamor and Thronging in the Streets | 23 |
| 18. | The Processions Attending Great Nobles | 24 |
| 19. | A Great Lady Traveling | 25 |
| 20. | Public Salutations: the Kissing Habit | 26 |
| 21. | The Swarms of Idlers and Parasites | 27 |
| 22. | Public Placards and Notices | 28 |
| 23. | Wall Scribblings | 30 |
| 24. | The Streets Dark and Dangerous at Night | 32 |
| 25. | Discomforts of Life in Rome | 33 |
| Chapter III. The Homes of the Lowly and of the Mighty |
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| 26. | The Great Insulæ—Tenement Blocks | 34 |
| 27. | A Typical Insula | 35 |
| 28. | The Flats in an Insula | 36 |
| 29. | The Cheap Attic Tenements and Their Poor Occupants | 37 |
| 30. | A Senatorial “Mansion” (Domus) | 39 |
| 31. | The Plan of a Large Residence | 40 |
| 32. | Entrance to the Residence | 42 |
| 33. | The Atrium and the View across It | 42 |
| 34. | The Rooms in the Rear and the Peristylium | 44 |
| 35. | The Dining Room (Triclinium) and the Chapel | 45 |
| 36. | The Garden and the Slaves’ Quarters | 47 |
| 37. | The Floors and Windows | 49 |
| 38. | Frescos, Beautiful and Innumerable | 50 |
| 39. | The Profusion of Statues and Art Objects | 51 |
| 40. | Family Portrait Busts | 52 |
| 41. | Death Masks (Imagines) | 54 |
| 42. | Couches, Their General Use | 54 |
| 43. | Elegant Chairs and Costly Tables | 55 |
| 44. | Chests, Cabinets, Water Clocks, and Curios | 57 |
| 45. | Spurious Antiques | 58 |
| 46. | Pet Animals | 58 |
| Chapter IV. Roman Women and Roman Marriages |
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| 47. | Honorable Status of Roman Women | 60 |
| 48. | Men Reluctant to Marry | 61 |
| 49. | Rights and Privileges of Married Women | 61 |
| 50. | Selection of Husbands for Young Girls | 63 |
| 51. | A Marriage Treaty among Noble-Folk | 64 |
| 52. | A Betrothal in Wealthy Circles | 65 |
| 53. | Adjusting the Dowry | 66 |
| 54. | Dressing the Bride | 66 |
| 55. | The Marriage Ceremonies | 67 |
| 56. | The Wedding Procession | 69 |
| 57. | At the Bridegroom’s House | 70 |
| 58. | Honors and Liberties of a Matron | 71 |
| 59. | Unhappy Marriages and Frivolous Women | 72 |
| 60. | Divorces, Easy and Frequent | 74 |
| 61. | Celibacy Common: Old Families Dying Out | 75 |
| 62. | Nobler Types of Women | 75 |
| 63. | Famous and Devoted Wives | 76 |
| 64. | The Story of Turia | 78 |
| Chapter V. Costume and Personal Adornment |
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| 65. | The Type of Roman Garments | 80 |
| 66. | The Toga, the National Latin Garment | 81 |
| 67. | Varieties of Togas | 83 |
| 68. | Draping the Toga | 83 |
| 69. | The Tunica | 84 |
| 70. | Capes, Cloaks, and Gala Garments | 85 |
| 71. | Garments of Women: the Stola and the Palla | 86 |
| 72. | Materials for Garments. Wool and Silk | 88 |
| 73. | Styles of Arranging Garments. Fullers and Cleaners | 89 |
| 74. | Barbers’ Shops. The Revived Wearing of Beards | 90 |
| 75. | Fashions in Women’s Hairdressing. Hair Ornaments | 93 |
| 76. | Elaborate Toilets | 94 |
| 77. | Sandals and Shoes | 95 |
| 78. | The Mania for Jewels and Rings | 96 |
| 79. | Pearls in Enormous Favor | 97 |
| 80. | Perfumes: Their Constant Use | 98 |
| Chapter VI. Food and Drink. How the Day is spent. The Dinner |
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| 81. | Romans Fond of the Table. Gourmandizing. The Famous Apicius | 100 |
| 82. | Vitellius, the Imperial Glutton | 102 |
| 83. | Simple Diet of the Early Romans | 102 |
| 84. | Bread and Vegetables | 103 |
| 85. | Fruits, Olives, Grapes, and Spices | 104 |
| 86. | Meat and Poultry | 105 |
| 87. | Fish in Great Demand | 106 |
| 88. | Olive Oil and Wine: Their Universal Use | 107 |
| 89. | Vintages and Varieties of Wine | 108 |
| 90. | Kitchens and the Niceties of Cookery | 109 |
| 91. | A Roman Gentleman’s Morning: Breakfast (jentaculum) and the Visit to the Forum | 110 |
| 92. | The Afternoon and Dinner-Time. Importance of the Dinner (cena) | 111 |
| 93. | Dinner Hunters and Parasites (“Shadows”) | 112 |
| 94. | The Standard Dinner Party—Nine Guests | 113 |
| 95. | Preparing the Dinner and Mustering the Guests | 114 |
| 96. | Arrangement of the Couches: Placing the Guests | 115 |
| 97. | Serving the Dinner | 116 |
| 98. | The Drinking Bout (Comissatio) after the Dinner | 118 |
| 99. | Distribution of Garlands and Perfumes. Social Conversation | 119 |
| 100. | Elaborate and Vulgar Banquets. Simple Home Dinners | 120 |
| Chapter VII. The Social Orders: The Slaves |
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| 101. | Enormous Alien Population in Rome. The “Græcules” | 122 |
| 102. | Strict Divisions of Society. The Régime of Status | 123 |
| 103. | Vast Number of Slaves. Universality of Slavery | 124 |
| 104. | Power of Master over Slaves | 125 |
| 105. | The City Slaves and the Country Slaves | 125 |
| 106. | Purchasing a Slave Boy | 126 |
| 107. | Traffic in the Slave Pens | 127 |
| 108. | Sale of Slaves | 128 |
| 109. | Size of Slave Households (Familiæ). Slave Workmen | 129 |
| 110. | Division of Duties and Organization of Slave Households | 131 |
| 111. | Discipline in a Well-Ordered Mansion. Long Hours of Idleness | 132 |
| 112. | Inevitable Degradation Caused by Slavery. Evil Effect upon Masters | 133 |
| 113. | Punishment of Slaves | 135 |
| 114. | Branding of Slaves. Ergastula—Slave Prisons | 136 |
| 115. | Death Penalties for Slaves. Pursuit of Runaways | 136 |
| Chapter VIII. The Social Orders: Freedmen, Provincials, Plebeians, and Nobles |
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| 116. | Manumission of Slaves Very Common | 139 |
| 117. | The Ceremony of Manumission | 140 |
| 118. | The Status of Freedmen. Their Great Success in Business | 140 |
| 119. | Humble Types of Freedmen | 141 |
| 120. | Wealth and Power of Successful Freedmen | 142 |
| 121. | Importance of Freedmen in a Roman Family | 143 |
| 122. | The Status of Provincials. The Case of Jesus | 143 |
| 123. | Great Alien Colonies in Rome | 145 |
| 124. | The Roman Plebeians, the “Mob” (Vulgus) | 145 |
| 125. | The Desirability of Roman Citizenship. The Case of St. Paul | 146 |
| 126. | Clientage: Its Oldest Form | 147 |
| 127. | The New Parasitical Clientage: the Morning Salutation | 148 |
| 128. | The Dole to Clients (the Sportula) | 150 |
| 129. | Attendance by Clients in Public. Insults They Must Undergo | 151 |
| 130. | The Decurions: the Notables of the Chartered Cities | 152 |
| 131. | The Equites: the Nobles of the Second Class | 153 |
| 132. | Qualifications and Honors of the Equites | 154 |
| 133. | Review of the Equites. Pretenders to the Rank | 156 |
| 134. | The Senatorial Order. The First-Class Nobility | 156 |
| 135. | Social Glories of Senators | 157 |
| 136. | The Senatorial Aristocracy Greater than the Senate | 158 |
| 137. | Insignia, Qualifications, and Titles of Senators | 158 |
| Chapter IX. Physicians and Funerals |
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| 138. | Scanty Qualifications and Training of Doctors | 160 |
| 139. | Superior Class of Physicians | 161 |
| 140. | A Fashionable Doctor | 161 |
| 141. | Medical Books and Famous Remedies | 163 |
| 142. | Absurd Medicines. Theriac | 164 |
| 143. | Fear of Poisoning. Popularity of Antidotes | 165 |
| 144. | Medical Students, “Disciples,” Beauty Specialists | 166 |
| 145. | Cheap Doctors: No Hospitals | 167 |
| 146. | Suicide as Escape from Hopeless Disease | 168 |
| 147. | Execution of Wills. Numerous Legacies Customary | 169 |
| 148. | Regular Incomes from Legacies. Professional Legacy Hunters | 171 |
| 149. | Public Bequests | 172 |
| 150. | Great Funerals Very Fashionable. Desire to Be Remembered after Death | 172 |
| 151. | Preliminaries to a Funeral | 173 |
| 152. | The Funeral Procession. The Display of Masked “Ancestors” | 174 |
| 153. | The Exhibits in the Procession. The Retinue around the Bier | 175 |
| 154. | The Funeral Oration in the Forum | 176 |
| 155. | Family Tombs. The Columbarium and the Garden | 177 |
| 156. | The Funeral Pyre and Its Ceremonies | 180 |
| 157. | Funeral Monuments. Memorial Feasts to the Dead | 182 |
| 158. | Funerals of the Poor. “Funeral Societies” | 182 |
| Chapter X. Children and Schooling |
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| 159. | Theoretical Rights of Father over Children. The Patria Potestas | 184 |
| 160. | Ceremonies after Birth of a Child. The Bulla | 185 |
| 161. | The Roman Name: Its Intricacy | 186 |
| 162. | Irregular and Lengthy Names under the Empire. Names of Slaves | 187 |
| 163. | Names of Women. Confusion of Roman Names | 188 |
| 164. | Care of Parents in Educating Children | 189 |
| 165. | Toys and Pets | 190 |
| 166. | The Learning of Greek by Roman Children | 191 |
| 167. | Selection of a School | 192 |
| 168. | Extent of Literacy in Rome. Education of Girls | 193 |
| 169. | Schools for the Lower Classes | 193 |
| 170. | Scourging, Clamors, and Other Abuses of Cheap Schools | 195 |
| 171. | A Superior Type of School | 196 |
| 172. | Methods of Teaching | 197 |
| 173. | Training in Higher Arithmetic | 199 |
| 174. | The Grammarians’ High Schools | 199 |
| 175. | Oratory Very Fashionable | 200 |
| 176. | Professional Rhetoricians | 201 |
| 177. | Methods in Rhetoric Schools: Mock Trials | 201 |
| 178. | Enormous Popularity of Rhetoric Studies | 203 |
| 179. | Philosophical Studies: Delight in Moralizing | 204 |
| 180. | Children’s Games. “Morra” and Dice | 204 |
| 181. | Board Games of Skill: “Robbers” (Latrunculi) | 205 |
| 182. | Out-Door Games. Ball Games, Trignon | 206 |
| Chapter XI. Books and Libraries |
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| 183. | Letters and Writing Tablets | 207 |
| 184. | Personal Correspondence and Secretaries | 208 |
| 185. | Books Very Common: Papyrus and the Papyrus Trade | 209 |
| 186. | Size and Format of Books | 210 |
| 187. | Mounting and Rolling of Books | 211 |
| 188. | Copying Books: the Publishing Business. Horace’s and Martial’s Publishers | 212 |
| 189. | Passion for Literary “Fame” | 214 |
| 190. | Zeal for Poetry: Multiplication of Verses | 216 |
| 191. | Size of Libraries | 217 |
| 192. | A Private Library | 218 |
| 193. | The Great Public Libraries of Rome | 219 |
| Chapter XII. Economic Life of Rome: I. Banking, Shops, and Inns |
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| 194. | Passion for Gain in Rome | 220 |
| 195. | Life in Rome Expensive. Premiums upon Extravagance and Pretence | 221 |
| 196. | Rome a City of Investors and Buyers of Luxuries | 222 |
| 197. | Multiplicity of Shops. The Great Shopping Districts | 223 |
| 198. | Arrangement of Shops. Streets Blocked by Hucksters | 224 |
| 199. | Barbers’ Shops and Auction Sales | 225 |
| 200. | Superior Retail Stores | 226 |
| 201. | Numerous Banks and Bankers | 227 |
| 202. | A Great Banker and His Business | 228 |
| 203. | Trust Business: Savings Banks | 229 |
| 204. | Places of Safe Deposit: The Temple of Vesta | 230 |
| 205. | Inns: Usually Mean and Sordid | 231 |
| 206. | Reckonings and Guests at a Cheap Inn | 233 |
| 207. | Noble Frequenters of Taverns | 234 |
| 208. | Respectable Eating-Houses | 235 |
| 209. | Thermopolia—“Hot Drink Establishments” | 236 |
| Chapter XIII. Economic Life of Rome: II. The Industrial Quarters. The Grain Trade. Ostia. The Trade Guilds |
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| 210. | Industrial Quarters by the Tiber | 238 |
| 211. | Conditions of Industrial Labor | 238 |
| 212. | Great Trade through Ostia and the Campanian Ports | 239 |
| 213. | The Emporium and Its Wharves: The Tiber Barges | 240 |
| 214. | The Marble and Grain Trades | 241 |
| 215. | The Public Grain Doles | 242 |
| 216. | Distribution of Free Bread: Extraordinary Bonuses (Congiaria and Donativa) | 244 |
| 217. | The Trade in Sculptures and Portrait Statues | 246 |
| 218. | The Tiber Trip to Ostia: The Merchant Shipping | 247 |
| 219. | Imperial Naval Vessels | 248 |
| 220. | The Harbor Town of Ostia | 249 |
| 221. | The Roman Guilds (Collegia) | 249 |
| 222. | Very Ancient Guilds. The Flute-Blowers | 250 |
| 223. | Importance of the Guilds | 251 |
| 224. | Multitude of Beggars | 252 |
| Chapter XIV. The Fora, Their Life and Buildings. The Daily Journal |
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| 225. | The Fora, the Centers of Roman Life | 254 |
| 226. | Incessant Crowds at the Forum. The Centers of Gossip | 256 |
| 227. | Grandiose Architecture: Vast Quantities of Ornaments and Statues | 258 |
| 228. | Use of Color on Sculptures and Architecture | 259 |
| 229. | Entering the Series of Fora: the Temple of Venus and Rome | 260 |
| 230. | The Arch of Titus: Continuation of the Sacred Way | 262 |
| 231. | House and Temple of Vesta: the Regia: the Temple of the Divine Julius | 265 |
| 232. | The Old Forum (Forum Romanum) | 265 |
| 233. | The Forum Area: the Posting of Public Notices | 268 |
| 234. | Western End of Forum: Rostra: the Golden Milestone: the Tullianum Prison | 269 |
| 235. | The Basilica Æmilia: the Temple of Janus: the Senate House (Curia) | 271 |
| 236. | The Basilica Julia, the Greatest Court House in Rome; the Lacus Curtius | 272 |
| 237. | The New Fora of the Emperors: the Temple of Peace | 275 |
| 238. | The Fora of Julius, Augustus, and Nerva | 276 |
| 239. | The Forum, Column, and Libraries of Trajan | 278 |
| 240. | The Park System of the Campus Martius: the Pantheon | 280 |
| 241. | The Daily Gazette (Acta Diurna). How Rome Gets Its News | 282 |
| 242. | Contents of the Acta Diurna | 283 |
| 243. | Miscellaneous Entries and Gossip in the “Gazette” | 284 |
| Chapter XV. The Palatine and the Palace of the Cæsars. The Government Offices, and the Police and City Government of Rome |
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| 244. | History of the Palatine: Its Purchase by Augustus | 286 |
| 245. | Extension of the Imperial Buildings: Central Position of the Palatine | 287 |
| 246. | Commanding View from the Palatine Hill | 288 |
| 247. | Magnificence of the Palatine Structures | 288 |
| 248. | The More Famous Buildings on the Palatine: Enormous Display of Art Objects | 290 |
| 249. | The Triclinium and Throne Room of Domitian | 291 |
| 250. | Swarms of Civil Officials Always on the Palatine | 293 |
| 251. | The Emperor Center of High Social Life | 294 |
| 252. | Friends of Cæsar (Amici Cæsaris) | 295 |
| 253. | The Imperial Audiences | 296 |
| 254. | Social Ruin through Imperial Disfavor | 296 |
| 255. | Enormous Value of Imperial Favor | 298 |
| 256. | City Government of Rome: the “City Præfect” (Præfectus Urbi) | 299 |
| 257. | The Municipal Superintendents and Commissioners (Curatores) | 301 |
| 258. | Excellent Water Supply of Rome | 301 |
| 259. | The Great Aqueducts | 303 |
| 260. | The Police System Instituted by Augustus | 304 |
| 261. | The Police-Firemen of the Watch (Vigiles). The Præfectus Vigilum | 304 |
| Chapter XVI. The Prætorian Camp. The Imperial War Machine |
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| 262. | The Army the Real Master of the Roman Empire | 307 |
| 263. | Army Held under Stiff Discipline and Concentrated on Frontiers | 308 |
| 264. | The Prætorian Guard of the Emperors | 309 |
| 265. | The Prætorian Præfect and the Prætorian Camp | 311 |
| 266. | Organization and Discipline of the Prætorians | 312 |
| 267. | The City Cohorts (Cohortes Urbanæ) | 313 |
| 268. | A Private in the Legions. The Legionary Organization | 314 |
| 269. | Training of the Legionaries: the Pilum and the Gladius | 316 |
| 270. | Defensive Weapons | 318 |
| 271. | Rewards and Punishments for Soldiers | 319 |
| 272. | Pay and Rations in the Army: Soldiers’ Savings Banks | 320 |
| 273. | The Training of Soldiers: Non-Military Labors | 321 |
| 274. | Petty Officers in the Legions | 322 |
| 275. | The Centurions: Their Importance and Order of Promotion | 323 |
| 276. | The Primipilus: the Great Eagle of the Legion | 325 |
| 277. | Locations and Names of Legions | 326 |
| 278. | The Auxiliary Cohorts: the Second Grand Division of the Army | 327 |
| 279. | The Præfect of the Camps and the Legate of the Legion | 328 |
| 280. | Care for Veterans: Retiring Bonuses and Land Grants | 329 |
| 281. | Barrier Fortresses; System of Encampments; Flexible Battle Tactics; Siege Warfare | 330 |
| 282. | Limited Size of the Imperial Army: Its Great Efficiency | 331 |
| Chapter XVII. The Senate: A Session and a Debate |
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| 283. | Apparent Authority and Importance of the Senate | 334 |
| 284. | Actual Weakness of the Senate | 335 |
| 285. | Amount of Power Left to the Senate | 336 |
| 286. | Organization and Procedure of the Senate | 337 |
| 287. | The Curia (Senate House) and Its Arrangement of Benches | 338 |
| 288. | The Gathering of the Senators | 339 |
| 289. | Opening the Session: Taking the Auspices | 340 |
| 290. | Presentation of Routine Business: Taking a Formal Vote | 341 |
| 291. | Presenting an Impeachment at a Senate Trial | 342 |
| 292. | The Water Clocks; Method of a Prosecutor; Applause in the Senate | 344 |
| 293. | Speech for the Defendant: Methods of a Professional Advocate | 345 |
| 294. | Concluding Speeches; Interrupting Shouts; Personal Invectives | 347 |
| 295. | Taking the Opinion of the Senate | 348 |
| 296. | An Uproar in the Senate: An “Altercation” | 350 |
| 297. | Taking a Vote of the Senate. A Sentence of Banishment | 351 |
| Chapter XVIII. The Courts and the Orators. The Great Baths. The Public Parks and Environs of Rome |
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| 298. | Roman Court Procedure Highly Scientific | 353 |
| 299. | The Great Tribunals in the Basilicas | 354 |
| 300. | Great Stress on Advocacy | 355 |
| 301. | Cheap Pettifogging Lawyers | 356 |
| 302. | Character Witnesses; Torture of Slave Witnesses | 357 |
| 303. | Written Evidence; High Development of the Advocate’s Art | 357 |
| 304. | Popularity and Necessity of the Baths | 358 |
| 305. | Luxurious Private Baths | 359 |
| 306. | Government and Privately Owned Public Baths: Both Very Popular | 360 |
| 307. | The Great Baths of Trajan: Baths, Club-House, and Café | 361 |
| 308. | Heterogeneous Crowds in the Great Baths | 362 |
| 309. | Entering the Thermæ | 363 |
| 310. | Interior of the Baths: the Cold Room (Frigidarium) | 364 |
| 311. | The Great Swimming Pool and the Tepidarium | 365 |
| 312. | The Hot Baths (Caldaria): Their Sensuous Luxury | 366 |
| 313. | Restaurants, Small Shops, and Sports in or around the Baths | 367 |
| 314. | The Great Porticoes along the Campus Martius. The Park System towards the Tiber | 368 |
| 315. | Public Buildings upon the Campus Martius | 369 |
| 316. | The Tombs of Hadrian and Augustus | 370 |
| Chapter XIX. The Public Games: the Theater, the Circus, and the Amphitheater |
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| 317. | Roman Festivals: Their Great Number | 374 |
| 318. | Passion for Public Spectacles: Mania for Gambling | 375 |
| 319. | Expenses of Public Spectacles to Great Officials | 376 |
| 320. | Indescribable Popularity of the Games | 377 |
| 321. | The Theater Less Popular than the Circus or Amphitheater | 378 |
| 322. | The Mimes: Character Plays | 380 |
| 323. | The Pantomimes: Their Real Art | 381 |
| 324. | Extreme Popularity of the Circus | 382 |
| 325. | Popular Charioteers (Aurigæ): the Great Racing Factions | 383 |
| 326. | The Circus Maximus | 384 |
| 327. | The Race-Track: Procession before the Races | 384 |
| 328. | Beginning a Race in the Circus | 386 |
| 329. | Perils of the Races; Proclaiming the Victors | 386 |
| 330. | Gladiatorial Contests Even More Popular than the Circus | 389 |
| 331. | Gladiator Fights at Funerals | 390 |
| 332. | Gladiator “Schools” (Ludi): Inmates Usually Criminals | 390 |
| 333. | Severe Training of Gladiators; Their Ephemeral Glory | 392 |
| 334. | Normal Arrangements for an Arena Contest | 393 |
| 335. | The Flavian Amphitheater (Later “Colosseum”) | 394 |
| 336. | Exterior and Ticket Entrances to the Flavian Amphitheater | 396 |
| 337. | Interior Arrangements of the Flavian | 396 |
| 338. | Procession of Gladiators | 397 |
| 339. | Throwing a Criminal to the Beasts. The Animal Hunt | 398 |
| 340. | Interval in the Contests: Scattering of Lottery Tickets | 399 |
| 341. | Beginning the Regular Gladiatorial Combats | 401 |
| 342. | Mounted Combats: the Signals for Ruthlessness and Mercy | 403 |
| 343. | Combats between Netters (Retiarii) and Heavy-Armed Warriors (“Thracians”) | 404 |
| 344. | End of the Combats: Rewarding the Victors | 405 |
| Chapter XX. The Roman Religion: the Priesthoods, the Vestal Virgins |
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| 345. | Religious Symbols Everywhere in Rome | 407 |
| 346. | Epicureanism and Agnosticism among the Upper Classes | 407 |
| 347. | Stoicism: Revival of Religion under the Empire | 408 |
| 348. | Foreign Cults Intruded upon the “Religion of Numa” | 410 |
| 349. | Superstitious Piety of the City Plebeians | 411 |
| 350. | Roman Religion Originally Developed by Italian Farmers | 411 |
| 351. | Native Italian Gods: Janus, Saturn, Flora. The Lares and Penates | 413 |
| 352. | Personified Virtues as Gods: Cold and Legalistic Character of the Roman Religion | 414 |
| 353. | Priestly Offices: Little Sacrosanct about Them | 416 |
| 354. | The Pontifices | 417 |
| 355. | The Augurs | 418 |
| 356. | The Flamens | 420 |
| 357. | The Salii (“Holy Leapers”) | 421 |
| 358. | The Fetiales (“Sacred Heralds”): Ceremony of Declaring War | 422 |
| 359. | The Arval Brethren (Fratres Arvales) | 423 |
| 360. | Rustic Ceremonies; Soothsaying, Astrologers, and Witches | 424 |
| 361. | A Private Sacrifice | 425 |
| 362. | Ceremony at the Temple | 426 |
| 363. | A Formal Prayer: the Actual Sacrifice | 428 |
| 364. | The Vestal Virgins: Their Sanctity and Importance | 429 |
| 365. | The Temple of Vesta and the House of the Vestals | 431 |
| 366. | Appointment of Vestals | 432 |
| 367. | Duties of the Vestals: the Maxima | 433 |
| 368. | Punishments of Erring Vestals | 434 |
| 369. | Remarkable Honors Granted the Vestals | 435 |
| Chapter XXI. The Foreign Cults: Cybele, Isis, Mithras. The Christians in Pagan Eyes |
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| 370. | Saturnalia: the Exchange of Presents on New Year’s Day | 437 |
| 371. | Multiplication of Oriental Cults | 437 |
| 372. | The Cult of the Deified Emperors | 439 |
| 373. | The “Divine Augustus” and His Successors | 439 |
| 374. | The Cult of Cybele, the “Great Mother” | 441 |
| 375. | Cult of Isis and Associated Egyptian Gods | 442 |
| 376. | Ceremonies at an Isis Temple | 443 |
| 377. | Cult of Serapis and of Other Oriental Gods | 445 |
| 378. | The Cult of Mithras: Its Relative Nobility | 445 |
| 379. | The Taurobolium (“Bath in Bull’s Blood”) | 447 |
| 380. | The Christians: Pagan Account of Their Origin | 449 |
| 381. | The Persecution of Christians: Their “Insane Obstinacy” | 450 |
| 382. | Current Charges against the Christians | 451 |
| Chapter XXII. A Roman Villa. The Love of the Country |
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| 383. | Appreciation of Country Life by the Romans | 453 |
| 384. | Praises of the Country Towns and Villas | 453 |
| 385. | Comfortable Modes of Travel: Luxurious Litters and Carriages | 454 |
| 386. | Multiplication of Villas: Seashore Estates at Baiæ, etc. | 456 |
| 387. | Villas in the Mountains; Small Farms near Rome | 457 |
| 388. | Great Estates in the Hills: Pliny’s Tuscan Villa | 458 |
| 389. | Charming Location of Pliny’s Villa | 460 |
| 390. | Terraces of the Villa: the Porticoes: Summer-Houses and Bedrooms | 462 |
| 391. | The Baths: the Rear Apartments: the Riding Course | 464 |
| 392. | The Fountains and Luxurious Pavilions in the Gardens | 465 |
| 393. | Life of Sensuous Luxury at Such a Villa. Contrast in Human Conditions under the Roman Régime | 466 |
| Chapter XXIII. The Return of the Emperor |
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| 394. | Character of Hadrian: Prosperity and Good Government of His Reign | 468 |
| 395. | Return of Hadrian to Italy | 469 |
| 396. | Imperial Procession Entering Rome | 470 |
| 397. | Hailing the Emperor | 472 |
| 398. | The Donatives, Fêtes, and Games | 472 |
| 399. | A Christian Gathering | 473 |
| Index | 475 |