The Underground Railroad

Appendix E989

Directory of the Names of Underground Railroad Operators

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY STATES AND COUNTIES

CONNECTICUT

Fairfield

Daskam, Benjamin Jas.

Litchfield

Blakeslee, Dea. Joel.
Bull, Wm.
Dunbar, Dea. Ferrand.

Middlesex

Reed, Dea. George.

Windham

Alexander, Prosper.
Brown, Benjamin.
Brown, John.
Conant, J. A.
Fox, Joel.
Griffin, Ebeneser.
Lewis, J. A.
Pearl, Phillips.

DELAWARE

Queen Anne

Hardcastle, Wm.

Wilmington

Flint, Isaac S.
Garrett, Thomas.
Hunn, John.
Walker, Joseph G.
Webb, Benjamin.
Webb, Thomas.
Webb, Wm.

ILLINOIS

Adams

Andrew, Lewis.
Baldwin, Eben.
Ballard, Dea.
Barnet, Berryman.
Bartholomew, Darwin.
Battell, Wm.
Benton, Erastus.
Brown, Dea.
Burns, Capt. John.
Burr.
Chapin, John.
Chittenden, Henry.
Clark, Nathan.
Eells, Dr. Richard.
Fowler. W. E.
Griffin, Ed.
Hammond, Julius.
Hart, Martin.
Hubbard, Jonathan.
Hunter, Andrew.
Hunter, George.
Kirby, Rev. Wm.
Mullen, Wm.
Nelson, Dr. David.
Platt, Dea. Josiah.
Platt, Enoch.
Platt, H. D.
Platt, I.
Reynard, John.
Reynolds, L. E.
Safford.
Sartle, Rasselas.
Stillman, Henry.
Stillman, Levi.
Stillman, S. O.
Thompson, George.
Turner, Edward.
Van Dorn, John K.
Van Dorn, Wm.
Weed, Dea. L. A.
Wickwire, James.
Wilcox, L. H.
Work, Alanson.

Alexander

Burroughs, George L.

Bond

Davis, Bloomfield.
Harnard, Rev.
Hunt, N. A.
Leeper, John.
McCord, David.
McCord, Robert.
McLain.
Rosber, Ed.
Rosebrough, James.
Wafer.
Wood, Charles.

Bureau

Bryant, Arthur.
Bryant, Cyrus.
Bryant, John Howard.
Clark, Daniel.
Clark, Seth C.
Collins.
Cook, Dea. Caleb.
Foster.
Frary, Roderick B.
Hall, George.
Hall, John.
Hart, Dr. Langley.
Holbrook, Dea. J. T.
Lovejoy, Owen G.
Mather, Benj.
Phelps, Charles.
Pilkerton, Wm.
Reeve, Dea.
Stannard.
Weldon, John.
Wells, Dea.
Wilson.

Cook

Blanchard, President.
Bliss.
Carpenter, Philo.
Collins, James H.
Crandall.
Dyer, Dr. C. V.
Eastman, Hon. Z.
Farnsworth, Col.
Johnson, J.
Kellogg, H. H.
Paine, Seth.
Phillips, W. I.
Pinkerton, Allen.
Stoddard, J. P.
Webster, Prof.
Weiblen, John G.

Dupage

Fowler, Dea.

Fulton

Birge, Luther.
Dobbins.
Field, H. H.
Lyman, Dea.
Marsh, Rev. M.
Miles, Freeman.
Thomas, A. B.
Wickwire.
Wilson, Eli.

Hancock

Adkins family.
Austin, Strong.
Burton, Dea.
Cook, L. A.
Cook, Marcus.
Maynard, Louis Calvin.
Wilcox, L. L.

Henderson

Thomson, John.

Henry

Allen, James M.
Allen, Wm. S.
Allen, Wm. T.
Bernard.
Buck, Dea.
Jones, Elder.
McFarlane.
Pomeroy, Dr.
Stewart, E. M.
Stewart, Roderick R.
Ward, Dea.
Wilcox.

Jersey

Carter, Ebenezer.
French, Josiah.
Garesche.
Henderson, Ben.
Snedeker.
White, Hiram.
Wolcott, Elihu.

Kane

Fitch, Ira H.
Johnson, Dea. Reuben.
Mighels, Ezekiel.
Pierce, Thomas.
Root, Dr.
Strong, Dea.
Wagner, John.

Kendall

Whitney, Dea. Isaac.

Knox

Blanchard.
Camp, C. F.
Child, E.
Cross, Rev. John.
Davis, George.
Hitchcock, Samuel.
Kimball, Solon.
Neeley.
Powell, Hod.
West, John.
West, Nehemiah.

La Salle

Brown.
Butler, Benj.
Campbell.
Carter, Wm.
+ Freeman.
Fyfe, George.
Gooding, Dr.
Hard, Dr. Chester.
Hart.
Hossack, H. L.
Hossack, John.
Kelsy, Levi.
King, Claudius B.
Lewis, Samuel R.
McLaughlin.
Stout, James.
Stout, Joseph.
Strawn, Hon. Wm.

Lee

Towne.

Livingston

Croswell, Dr. James.
Fyfe, W. B.
Hinman, Rev. H. H.
Richardson, Otis.

McDonough

Blazer, John.

McHenry

Russel.

McLean

Moss, Dea.

Marshall

Bell, John.
Ranney, Joel.
Stone.

Mercer

Carnahan, David.
Carnahan, John.
Carnahan, Wm. M.
Cowden, John.
Graham, J. C.
Higgins, Dr.
Hill, James.
Hoagland, Henry.
Markham, S. A.
Sample, John.

Montgomery

Bryce, Robert.
Merritt, W. W.

Morgan

Chamberlain, Timothy.
Jackson, Rev. Andrew W.
Miller, Henry M.

Ogle

Bogue, Virgil A.
Gammell, Rev. George.
Perkins, Dea. Timothy.
Shaver, Solomon.
Waterbury, Dea. John.

Peoria

Brown, Edwin R.
Huey, Virgil.
Pratts, Jonathan.
Webster, W. W.
Wright, S. G.

Putnam

Childs.
Lewis, Wm.
Willes, Stephen.

Randolph

Breath, Samuel.
Chambers, Mathew.
Crawford, Bryce.
Crawford, James.
Davis, I. B.
East, Henry.
Gault, Hugh C.
Harshaw, Rev.
Hayes, Wm.
Hill, Anthony.
Hood.
Lippincott, Charles.
McLain, Thomas.
McLurkins family.
Milligan, Rev. Jas.
Moore family.
Morrison, Daniel.
Ramsey, Robert.
Sloane, Rev. Wm.
Todd family.
Wafer, Thomas.
Wilson.
Wylie, Adam.

Rock Island

Delany, Robert.

Sangamon

Stevenson, James.
Webster.
Wyckoff.

Stark

Buswell, James.
Dunn, Agustus.
Hall, Dr. Thomas.
Hall, Wm.
Hodgson, Jonathan.
Rhodes, Hugh.
Rhodes, Joseph.
Stone, Liberty.
Winslow, Calvin.
Wright, Rev. S. W.

Tazewell

Dillon, Ellis.
Holland.
Holton.
Mathews.
Mickle.
Phillips.
Woodron, Samuel.

Vermilion

Harper.

Washington

Henry, John.
McClurken, John.

Wayne

Ambler.

Whiteside

Hamilton, Dea.
Millikin, Dea.

Will

Beach, Dea.
Cushing, Dea.
Denny, Allen.
Goodhue.
Haven, Samuel.
Stewart, Col. Peter

Woodford

Bayne, James G.
Drennan, Thomas.
Kern, George.
McCoy, John.
Morse, Joseph T.
Morse, Levi P.
Morse, Dea. Mark.
Morse, Parker, Jr.
Morse, Captain Parker.
Piper, James A.
Ranney, James.
Whitemire, Dr. James.
Work, James.
Work, Samuel.

Miscellaneous

Turner, Asa.
Lukins.

INDIANA

Bartholomew

Hall, John.
Newsom, Willis.
Parker.
Parks, Willis.
Thomas, John.
Wears.

Bond

Douglass, James.
Hill, Anthony.
McFarland, Robert.
McLain, John A.
Rosbrough, James.
Wafer, James.

Boone

Johns, Samuel.

Carroll

Montgomery, Robert.

Cass

Crain, J. E.
Faber, Dr. Ruel.
+ Hill, Jim.
Keep, Barton R.
Kreider, Wm. M.
Manly, W. T. S.
Patterson, Joseph.
Powell, Jeptha.
Powell, Josiah G.
Powell, Lemuel.
Powell, Lycurgus.
Powell, Wm.
Tomlinson, Thomas T.
Turner.
Vigus, Capt.
White, Batley.

Dearborn

Collier, John.
Collier, Ralph.
Hansell, John.
Smith, Thomas.

Decatur

Cady.
Capen.
Donnell, Luther.
Knapp, A. W.
Taylor.

Delaware

Swain.

Elkhart

Matchett, Dr.

Gibson

Grant

Baldwin, Charles.
Coggeshall, Nathan.
Hill, Aaron.
Jay, David.
Ratliff, John.
Shugart, John.

Hendricks

Harvey, Harlan.
Harvey, Dr. T. B.
Harvey, Dr. Wm. F.
Hobbs, Elisha.

Henry

Adamson, Isaac.
Bales, John.
Bond, Jonathan.
Burley, Charles.
Charuness, Wm., Jr.
Edgerton, Roger.
Hinshaw, Seth.
Iddings, Dr.
Jessup, Jesse.
Jessup, Tidaman.
Macy, Enoch.
Macy, Jonathan.
Macy, Lilburne.
Macy, Phebe.
Macy, Wm.
Saint, Alpheus.
Schooley, W. D.
Small, Mrs. Jane.
Wickersham, Caleb.

Howard

Jones, Daniel.

Jackson

Cox, Richard.
+ Parks, Willis.

Jefferson

Baxter, James.
Carr, John.
Eliott, Robert.
Hickland, Louis.
Stephens, Judge.
Stephenson, Rev. Robert.
Waggner, Isaac.
Wagner, Jacob.

Jay

Baird.
Brown family.
Gray, Thomas.
Haines family,
Hopkins family.
Ira, Jonah.
Lewis, Enos.
Mendenhall family.
Puxon, Joshua.
Williams family.
Wright family.

Jennings

Bland.
Deney, Aaron.
Deney, Thomas.
Hale, Jacob.
Hicklen, Felix.
Hicklen, James.
Hicklen, Dr. John.
Hicklen, Louis.
Hicklen, Thomas.
Marshall.
Stanley, Eli.
Stott, James.
Stott, Samuel.

Kosciusko

Gordon.
Harpers, Thomas.
Hurlburts, Chauncey.

La Porte

Dakin, Dr. George M.
Harper.
Williams, Rev. W. B.

Montgomery

Clarke, Samuel.
Doherty, Fisher.
Elmers.
Emmons.
Speed, John.

Morgan

Williams.

Noble

Waterhouse.
Whitford, Stutely.

Parke

Hadley, Alfred.
Stanley, W. P.

Putnam

Browder, Parker S.
Hillis, “Singing” Joe.

Randolph

Alexanders.
Bond, Amos.
Bond, John H.
Clayton, John.
Crane, Willis.
Diggs, Bury, Jr.
Jones, Daniel.
Moorman, John A.
Rinard, Solomon.
Smith, Samuel.
Wiggins, Lemuel.
Worth, A.
Wright, Solomon.
Zimri.

Ripley

Bland, James.
Cady, Dr. A. P.
Dautherd.
Holton, Francis.
Hughes, Henry.
Hulse, Walter.
King, Henry.
McDowell, Duncan.
McDowell, Washington.
Merrell, F. M.
Neil, Willett.
Passmore, George.
Passmore, Joseph H.
Queer, Ervin.
Smith, Hiram.
Van Cleave, John S.
Van Cleave, Jared.
Waddle, Henry.
Waggoner, James.

Rush

Cogeshall, Tristan.
Frazee, John H.
Gray, Jonathan H.
Henley, Henry.
Hill, Milton.
Jessop, Sidiman.
Macy, Henry.
Patterson, Robert.
Small, Zachareal.
Smawl, Abraham.
White, Elisha B.

Steuben

Barnard, Lewis.
Barry, Capt.
Butler, Henry P.
Butler, M. B.
Butler, Seymour S.
Clark, S. W.
Fox, Allen.
Fox, Denison.
Fox, J. A.
Gale, Judge.
Hendry.
Jackson, Samuel.
Kimball, Augustus.
McGowan, S.
Newton, Nelson.
Spear, Rev. E. R.
Waterhouse.

Tippecanoe

Falley, Lewis.
Hockett, Moses.
Hollingsworth, Benjamin.
Hollingsworth, John.
Robinson, John.

Union

Beard, Wm.
Casterline, Dr.
Elliott, J. P.
Gardner, Edwin.
Hayworth, Joel.
Huddleson, Wm.
Maxwell, John.
Smith, Gabriel.

Vermilion

Beard, Wm.

Wabash

Brace, Avery.
Hayward, Wm.
Place, Maurice.

Washington

Thompson, James L.
Trueblood, Wm. Penn.

Wayne

Charles, John.
Charnnese, Wm.
Clark, Daniel.
Coe, John.
Coffin, Levi.
Cogshalls.
DeBaptiste, George.
Edgerton, Thomas.
Frazier, Thomas.
Goems, Reuben.
Haddleson, Jonathan.
Harris.
Hayworth, James.
Hill, Daniel.
Hough, Wm.
Huff, Daniel.
Huff, Zimri.
Johnson, Dr.
Lewis.
Malsbys.
Mareys.
Maxwell family.
Moore, Samuel.
Nixon, Samuel.
Overman.
Puckett, Daniel.
Roberst, Able.
Stanton, Dr. Benj.
Stanley, Ira.
Thomas, Luke.
Thornburg, Lewis.
Unthank, Jonathan.
Way, Dr. Henry H.
Whippo, John.
Wilcuts, David.
Williams, John F.
Wooton, Martha.

White

Lawrie, James.

Miscellaneous

Brandt, Hon. Isaac.
Maxwell.
Smith, Dr. A. J.
Talberts.

IOWA

Appanoose

Adamson, H.
Armstrong.
Calverts.
Fulcher, John.
Gilbert, Josiah.
Green, Jacob.
Hedgecock, Wm.
Hollbrook, Luther R.
McDonald, D.
Martin, Wesley.
Robinson, Moses.
Root, George.
Stanton, Nathan.
Stanton, Seth B.
Tulcher, John.

Cass

Coe, J. N.
Grindley, Amos.
Hitchcock, Rev. George B.
Mills, Hon. Oliver.

Cedar

Maxon, Wm.

Clinton

Bather, Andrew.
Bather, J. R.
Brindell, G. W.
Burdette, Capt.
Campbell, C. B.
Gleason, Abel B.
Graham, Judge.
Jones, J. B.
Leslie, H.
Mix, Lawrence.
Olin, Nelson.
Palmer, B. R.
Savage, T.
Star, W. B.
Stillman, Mrs. J. D.
Weston, George W.

Davis

Corner, Albert.
Corner, Arthur.
Conner, W. E.
Elliott, George.
Elliott, John.
Hardy, David.
Hardy, James.
Klingler, Wm.
Paggett, Hiram.
Stanton, Seth B.
Truit, Adbell.

Fremont

Adams, S. H.
Avery. E.
Blanchard, Dr. Ira D.
Bottsford, Rev.
Brooks, Wm. M.
Case, Cephas.
Clark, Wm. L.
Cummings, Origin.
Dea, S. D.
Gaston, A. C.
Gaston, George B.
Gaston, James K.
Hallam, John.
Horton, H. B.
Hill, Rev. E. S.
Hill, L.B.
Hunter, George.
Irish, Henry.
Jones, Jonas.
Lambert, Mrs. Lydia Blanchard.
Lane, William.
Lawrence, Charles F.
Mason.
Platt, Mrs. E. G.
Platt, Lester.
Platt, Rev. M. F.
Sheldon, Hon. E.T.
Shepardson, Mrs. S. R.
Smith, James L.
Todd, Rev. John.
Williams, Reuben.
Williams, Hon. Sturgis.
Woods, D.
West, Jesse.

Henry

Armstrong, J. H. B.
Corey, Benj.
Edwards, James.
Holbrake, L.
Howe, Prof. S. L.
Pickering, John H.

Johnson

Clark, Wm. Penn.

Keokuk

Durfee family.

Lee

Adamson, Brown.

Madison

Roberts, Hon. B. F.
Scott, Dr. John.

Mahaska

Hockett, Isaac.
McCormick, Mathew.
Montgomery, Wm.

Mills

Bradburgh.
Bradshaw.
Briggs, Daniel.
Morse.
Tolles, C. W.
Wing.
Woodford, Newton.

Pottawattamie

Bradway, Calvin.

Poweshiek

Bailey, John F.
Bixby, Amos.
Bliss, Harvey.
Brande, Elder T.
Cooper, Col. S. F.
Grinnell, Hon. J. B.
Hamlin, Homer.
Harris family.
Parker, Prof. L. F.
Parks, Philo.

Wapello

English.
Wilson.

Washington

Rankin, Samuel.

KANSAS

Bowles, Col. J.
Brown, John, and his men.
Gossard, Rev. S. J.

KENTUCKY

Fee, Rev. John Grigg.
Fee, John S.
Jones.

MAINE

Androscoggin

Cheney, Rev. O. B.

Cumberland

Appleton, Gen.
Dennet, Oliver.
Fessenden, Gen. Samuel
Hall, Col. Levi.
Hussey, Samuel F.
Morrill, Peter.
Packard, Prof. A. S.
Parsons, A. F.
Parsons, Dr. C. G.
Pease, Dr.
Smyth, Wm.
Thomas, Mrs. Elias.
Thurston, Brown.
Winslow, Nathan.
Woodman, Hon. J. C.

Kennebec

Chadwick, Abel.

Oxford

Blago.
Morse, Capt. Seth.
Moulton, Col. John.

MARYLAND

Hubbard, Daniel.
Kelly, Jonah.
Leaverton, Jacob and Hannah
Tyson, Elisha.

MASSACHUSETTS

Bristol

Adams, Robert.
Bailey, John.
Torrey, Rev. Charles T.

Essex

Bibb, Henry.
Bingham, D. L.
+ Brown, Henry Box.
+ Brown, Wm. Wells.
Buffum, Jonathan.
Coffin, Joshua.
Crocker, Samuel.
Dodge, Simeon.
Goodwin, Hooper R.
Goodwin, John.
Goodwin, Samuel.
Hathaway, Benjamin G.
Innis, John A.
Orne, A. C.
+ Redmond, Chas. Lennox.
Silsbee, S.
Tolman, John B.
Ware, Erastus.
Young, Dr. Samuel.

Franklin

Andrews, Erastus.
Blake, Hosea.
Craft.
Fisk, Dr. C. L.
Leavitt, Hart.
Monson, Osee.

Hampden

Buell, Joseph C.
Church, Dr. Jefferson.
Coolidge, Jonas.
Elmer, Rufus.
Howland, John.
Osgood, Dr. Samuel.
Woods, John M.

Hampshire

Abel, George.
Breck, Moses.
Critchlow, A. P.
Fairbank, Rev. Calvin.
Hammond.
Hill, Arthur G.
Hill, Samuel L.
Hingman.
Lyman.
Ross, Austin.
Williston, J. Payson.

Middlesex

Bigelow, Mrs. Francis E.
Brooks, Mrs. Mary M.
Farnsworth, Dr. Amos.
White, Wm. S.

Norfolk

Fisher, Hon. Milton M.
Southwick, Miss Sarah.

Suffolk

Andrew, Hon. John A.
Apthorp, Robert E.
Atkinson, Edward (?).
Bearse, Capt. Austin.
Bowditch, Henry I.
Bowditch, Wm. I.
Browne, John W.
Davis, Chas. G.
Gilbert, Timothy.
+ Hayden, Lewis.
Hilliard, Mrs. Geo. S.
Jackson, Edmund.
Jackson, Francis.
Kemp, Henry.
List, Charles.
Loring, Ellis Gray.
Marjoram, Wm. W.
Morris, Robert.
Parker, Theodore.
Phillips, Wendell.
Scott, James.
Sewall, Samuel E.
Smith, Joshua B.
Southwick, Joseph.
Spear, John M.
Waugh, Rev. George.
Whipple, Charles K.
Whitmore, Joseph Benj.
Wright, Elizur.

Worcester

Capron, Effingham L.
Crocker, S. S.
Drake, Jonathan.
Earle, Edward.
Everett, Joshua T.
Hadwin, Charles.
Higginson, Col. T. W.
Smith, Joel.
Snow, Benj.
Ward, Alvin.

Miscellaneous

Jackson, Dr. James Caleb.

MICHIGAN

Calhoun

Fitch, Jabez.
Hussey, Erastus.
McMahon, Edward.
Muzzy.

Cass

Bogue, Steven.
Bonine, Isaac.
Shugart, Zachariah.

Genesee

Northrop, Rev. H. H.

Kalamazoo

Thomas, Dr. N. M.

Kalkaska

Gillett, Amasa.

Lenawee

Carpenter.
Chandler, Thomas.
Coe, John M.
Dolbear, F.
Gilbert, Warren.
Haviland, Laura S.
Horkney, Richard.
Mason, Joseph.
Moore, Samuel.
Owen, Dr. Woodland.
Reed, Fitch.
Wells, James B.

Oakland

Frost, A. P.
Powers, Nathan.

St. Joseph

Clarke, Rev. Chas. G.
Cleveland, Rev. John P.
Gurney, Chester.
Kanouse, Rev. John S.
Mills, Rev. Louis.
Northrop, H. H.
Weed, Rev. Ira M.

Washtenaw

Bartlett, Moses.
Beckley, Guy.
Camp, Ira.
Fowler, Joseph.
Goodell, Jotham.
Harwood.
Lowy, John.
Ray.

Wayne

+ De Baptiste, George.
+ Dolarson, George.
Finney, Seymour.
Foote, Rev. C. C.
Howard, Jacob M.
Sheeley, Alanson.
Tyler, Capt. Elisha.
Watson, Walter.

NEW JERSEY

Burlington

+ Coleman, John.
Evans, Robert.
Middleton, Enoch.
+ Stevens, Samuel.

Cumberland

Bond, Leven.
Cooper, Ezekial.
Murry, Nathaniel.
Sheppard, J. R.
Sheppard, Thomas R.
Stanford, Alges.
Stanford, Julia.

Gloucester

Douden, Wm.
+ Louis, Pompey.
+ Sharper, Jubilee.

Hudson

Everett, John.
Mott, Dr. James.
Phillips, Peter James.

Mercer

Conove, Elias.
Earl, J. J.
Plumly, B. Rush.

Middlesex

Freedlyn, Jonathan.
Sickler, Adam.

Salem

Goodwin, Abigail.
+ Oliver, Rev. Thomas Clement.

Union

Garrison, Joseph.

Miscellaneous

Reeve, Wm.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Belknap

Chamberlain, Wm.

Carroll

Dearborn.

Coos

Chase, Hon. Aurin M.
Colby, Col. Joseph.

Grafton

Furber, James.
Harris, James.
Hughes.

Hillsboro

Cheney, Dea. Moses.
Wilson, Hon. James.
Wood, James.
Wood, Moses.

Merrimack

Brooks, Mrs.
Chamberlain, John A.
Chamberlain, Moses.
Rice, Miss.

Rockingham

Philbrick.
Snow, Solomon P.

Strafford

Cartland, Jonathan.
Cartland, Joseph.
Thompson, S. Millett.

Albany

Chaplin, Gen. Wm. L.
Delavan, E. C.
Goodwin.
Jackson, Dr. J. C.
Mott, Abigail.
Mott, Lydia.
+ Myers, Stephen.
Williams.

Allegany

Case, Dea.

Cattaraugus

Chapman, Capt.
Cooper, Wm.
Welles.

Chautauqua

Andrew.
Cranston.
Frink, Rev.
Knowlton.
Little, John.
Pettit, Dr. J.
Pettit, Eber M.

Chemung

+ Jones, John W.
Langdon, Jervis.

Chenango

Berry, Col.

Erie

Aldrich.
Barker, Gideon.
Haywood, Hon. Wm.
Johnson, Geo. W.
Moore, Dea. Henry.
Williams.

Genesee

Brewster, Judge.
Comstock, Dea.
Huftelen, E.
McDonald, Daniel.

Livingston

Sleeper, Col. Reuben.

Madison

Jarvis, Dr.
Smith, Hon. Gerrit.

Monroe

Anthony, Asa.
Anthony, Daniel.
Anthony, Mary.
Avery, Geo. A.
Bishop, W. G.
Bloss, Wm. C.
Bostwick, Nelson.
Carpenter.
Croffts, Mrs.
Degarmo.
Dolley, Dr.
+ Douglass, Frederick.
Doy, Dr. John.
Falls, Wm. S.
Fish, Benj.
Fish, Mrs. Sarah.
Gibbs, Isaac.
Gilbert, Grove S.
Hallowell, Mary.
Hallowell, Wm.
Humphry, Geo. H.
Husbands, J. D.
James, Thomas.
Kedzie, John.
Marsh, Joseph.
Moore, Lindley Murray.
Morris, J. P.
Porter, Samuel D.
Post, Amy.
Post, Isaac.
Quinby, Henry.
Sampson, A. S.
Sherman, Dr.
Thayer, George.
Williams, Capt.
Williams, E. C.

New York

Briggs.
Downing, George T.
Gibbs.
Hopper, Isaac T.
Johnson, Oliver.
+ Pennington.
Bay, Rev. Chas. B.
+ Ruggles, David.
+ Smith, Dr. McCune.

Niagara

Binmore, Thomas.
Childs, W. H.
Richardson, M. C.
Spauling, Lyman.

Oneida

Stewart, Alvan.

Onondaga

Barbour.
Bates, Abner.
Carson.
Lee, Rev. Luther.
+ Loguen, Rev. J. W.
May, Rev. Samuel J.
Minor, Rev. Ovid.
Wheaton, Charles.

Oswego

Bragdon, George L.
Fox, Edward.
French.
Jackson, James C.
Salmon, George.
Salmon, Wm. Lyman.
Stevens, Ard. H.
Wing, Asa S.

Rensselaer

+ Hooper, John H.
Shipherd, Rev. Fayette.

Steuben

Balcom, Judge.
Thacher, Judge Otis.

Ulster

Chase.
Colby, Col.

Wyoming

Andrews, Josiah.
Breck, Allen Y.
Chapin, Willard J.
Frank, Dr. Augustus.
Galusha, Rev. Ellin.
Gates, Seth M.
Lyman, R. W.
McKay, F. C. D.
Miller, Frank.
Poenix, Samuel F.
Shepard, Col. Chas. O.
Waldo, H. N.
Young, Andrew W.


NORTH CAROLINA

Coffin, Vestal.


OHIO

Adams

Baldridge, Samuel T.
Blackstone, Benj. D.
Burgess, Rev. Dyer.
Cannon, Edward.
Cannon, Urban.
Caskey, James.
Caywood, John.
Cooley.
Copples, Daniel.
Hollingsworth, Abraham.
Kirker.
Kirkpatrick, Nathaniel.
Lafferty, Absolem.
McClanahan.
McIntire, General.
McKinley, Charles.
McKinley, David.
McKinley, John.
McKinley, Wm.
Nobles, Dr.
Ourslers.
Puntenney.
Ralston, Robert.
Ralston, Thomas.
Rothrock, Joseph.
Stroups, Wm.
Taber, Oliver.
Taylor, James.
Torrence, James W.
Vandermans.
Waites.
Wickersham.
Wilson, John T.

Ashland

Garrett, Ezra.
Gordon, James.
Lawson, John.
Rose.
Stott, George.
Talentire, John.
Wilson, Robert.
Woods, John.

Ashtabula

Austin, Aaron C.
Austin, Eliphalet.
Austin, Joab.
Austin, L. B.
Bartlett, Dea.
Bigelow, Capt. Saxton.
Bissell, L.
Brown, Alex.
Brown, James.
Bushnell.
Carpenter, Jehaziel.
Coleman, Alby.
Conklin, Rev.
Cowles, Miss Betsey.
Cowles, Miss Martha.
Culbertson, Jacob.
Denny, Judge Wm. S.
Edwards, Lawrence.
Edwards, Smith.
Edwards, T. S.
Farrington, Dr. S. H.
Fisk, Amos.
Garlic, A. K.
Giddings, Hon. Joshua R.
Hall, James.
Hancock, Capt. Wm.
Harris, Dr. Henry.
Hawley.
Hezlet, George.
Hubbard, Henry.
Hubbard, Wm.
Hylop, George.
Jones, Lynds.
King, Alexander.
King, Edward.
McDonald, James.
McDonald, Jesse.
McDonald, Lyman.
Nellis, J. I. D.
Parsons, Wm. Henry.
Peck, Lyman.
Plumb, Ralph.
Plumb, Samuel.
Savage, Amasa.
Shipman, Amos.
Terrell, Rev. Sherman.
Tinan, Joseph.
Trescott, Samuel.
Wick, C. C.
Wilson, Wm.
Wing, J. K.

Athens

Alderman, Hosea.
Barker, Judge Isaac.
Beaton, T. A.
Blake, Edward.
Brown, Eli F.
Brown, John.
Brown, Leonard.
Day, Artemus.
Glazier, Abel.
Glazier, Walter.
Harold, Joseph.
Hibbard, Elansome.
Hibbard, Elisha.
Hibbard, J. S.
Hibbard, John M.
Jewett, Dr. Leonard.
Kessinger, Joseph C.
Lewis, John.
McCoy, Rev. J. C.
Moore, David.
Moore, Eliakim H.
Morse, Peter.
Newton, Solomon.
Potter, Orville.
Smith, Hon. Lot L.
Vorhes, Albert.
Vorhes, John.
Winn, John T.

Belmont

Bailey, Dr. Jesse.
Branson, Isaiah.
Campbell.
Cope, Joshua.
Cottrell, Robert.
Dickens, John.
Dillon, Wm.
George, Travis.
Halper, Sandy.
Hargrave, Joseph.
Holloway, Isaac.
Howard, Horton.
Kirk, Robert.
Nichols, Elf.
Palmer, Wm.
Reynolds, John.
Rivers, James L.
Schoolies, Dr.
Smith, John W.
Wood, Joel.
Wright, Charles.
Wright, John.
Wright, Nehemiah.
Wright, Wm.

Brown

Baird, Wm.
Beasley, Dr. Alfred.
Beck, Dr. Isaac M.
Borroughs, Dr.
Bowers, Robert.
Brown, Isaac H.
Bull, Kirby.
Campbell, Dr. Alex.
Collins, Eli C.
Collins, James.
Collins, Theodore.
Collins, Thomas.
Concade.
Crane, A. B.
Crosby, Robert.
Dunlap, Wm.
Frazier, Wm.
Gilliland, S. W.
Graham.
Heinman.
Hopkins, Godin.
Hopkins, Thomas.
Hudson, John D.
Huggins, Amzi.
Huggins, J. E.
Huggins, J. N.
Huggins, M. H.
Huggins, R. I.
Huggins, Robert.
Huggins, W. D.
Huggins, Wm.
Johnson, Alex.
Kincaid.
Kirker, Thomas.
Mace, Richard.
Macklem, Wm.
McCague, Thomas.
McCoy, James.
McCoy, Kenneth.
McCoy, Wm.
McFerson, James.
McGee, Isaiah.
McKegg, George.
McMaken, Mark Campbell.
McVey.
Mahan, Rev. John.
Mathews, George.
Menaugh, Wm.
Miller, R. S.
Miller, Scott.
Minnaw, Wm.
Moore.
Norton, Dr. Greenleaf.
Pangburn.
Patton, Joseph.
Pettijohn.
Pogue, Mary.
Porter, John.
Rankin, Rev. John, and sons.
Rice, Benj.
Robinson, John R.
Saulsbury, Thomas.
Scott, James.
Shepard, John.
Simpson, John.
Snedigher, John.
Turney, Alston.
Turney, David.
Wilson, Alexander.

Butler

Elliott, Wm.
Falconer, Dr.
Lewis, Jane.
Marshall, Samuel.
Rigden, Dr.
Scobey, Dr. Wm. H.
Woods, John.

Carroll

Campbell, Wm.
Farmer, Dr. Wm.
George, J. D.
George, Robert.
Holmes.
McLaughlin, John.
McLaughlin, Wm.
Palmer, John.
Rutan, Daniel.
Thompson, Hance.

Champaign

Adams, Lewis.
Atkinson, Cephas.
Baldwin, Thomas.
Baldwin, Wm. H.
+ Bird, Owen.
Boucher, Joshua.
Brand, Maj. Joseph C.
Butcher, Dr. J. M.
+ Byrd, Peter.
Corwin, Moses B.
Cowgill, Henry.
Cowgill, Dr. Thomas.
Davenport, Dr.
Hitt, John W.
Howard, Anson.
Hyde, Udney.
Jamison, Wm.
Lewis, Griffith.
McCoy, George.
Pierce, Jonathan.
Rathburn, Levi.
Reno, Frank.
Reno, Joseph.
Reno, Lewis.
Stanton, Benjamin.
Ware, J. R.
Winder, Abner.
Winder, Edward.
Winder, Henry.
Winder, James.
Winder, Joshua.
Winder, Levi.
Winder, Moses.
Winder, Thomas.
Winslow, S. A.

Clarke

Anderson, Abijah.
Borton, Thomas,
+ Delaney, Henry.
Dudale, Joseph.
Dugglas, Joseph A.
Face, Chauncey.
Farr, James.
+ Fields, George,
+ Fields, Jacob.
+ Gazway, John W.
+ Guy, Henry.
Heiskell, D. O.
Howell, Samuel C.
+ Martin, Henry.
Newcomb, Isaac.
Nichols, John D.
+ Nutter, Abraham.
+ Nutter, Henry.
Pierce, Jacob.
Pierce, Jonathan.
Pierce, Wm.
+ Piles, Robert.
Smith, Seth.
Stanton, Benjamin,
+ Stanup, Levi.
Stout, Charles.
Stout, James.
Thomas, Pressly.
Thorne, Thomas.
Thorne, Wm.
Van Meter, Joel.
Wildman, John.
Wilson, Daniel.
Wright, Richard.

Clermont

Barber, W. S.
Brown, Isaac H.
Buntin, James.
Burrows, Salathiel F.
+ Davis, Sandy.
Ebersole, Jacob.
Edwards, Fred.
Fee, Enos.
Fee, Lee.
Fee, M. T.
Fee, Oliver Perry Spencer.
Fee, Robert E.
Gibson, Dr. M.
Hayden, James.
Hayden, Joseph.
Hoover.
House, David.
Huber, Boerstler.
Huber, Charles B.
Larkin, Moses.
Mace, Richard.
Melvin, “Jack.”
Miller, Lewis.
Morris, Thomas.
Parrish, Joseph, Sr.
Pease, Dr. L. T.
Pettijohn, Rev. John.
Poage, Rev. Smith.
Powell, Andrew L.
Reese, Wm. J.
Reilley, Jeret.
Rice, Benjamin.
South, James W.
Sowards, James.
Utter, Hon. Dowty.
Waite, Deloss S.

Clinton

Allen, Abram.
Allen, David.
Bales, Isaac.
Betts, Aaron.
Brooke, Dr. Abram.
Brooke, Edward.
Brooke, James B.
Brooke, Samuel.
Brooke, Wm.
Dakin, Dr. George M.
Dakin, Perry.
Davis, Isaac.
Davis, Joel P.
Furguson, Samuel
Hadley, John.
Haines, Mark.
Haines, Samuel.
Haynes, Wright.
Hiatt, Christopher.
Hibben, Thomas.
Johnson.
King, D. S.
Linton, Seth.
Nicholson, Artemas.
Oren, Elihu.
Osburn, Wm.
Sewell, David.
Strickle, Andrew.
Thompson, H. B.
Waln, W. M.
Woodmansee, Thomas.

Columbiana

Bonsall, Daniel.
Bowen, Benj. F.
Bronson, Daniel.
Brooks, Samuel.
Carey, Dr.
Cattell.
Coppoc.
Davis, Benj. B.
Evans, Philip.
Farmer, Dr. James.
French, Thomas.
French, Esther.
Galbraith, David.
Galbraith, James.
Galbraith, Nathan.
Galbraith, Thomas.
Garretson.
George, “Squire.”
Heaton, Jacob.
Hise, Howell.
Irish, Wm. B.
Irwin, Malon.
Irwin, Samuel.
+ Lucas, George W. S.
McMillan, Joel.
Myers, Samuel.
Negus, West.
Robinson, Marius Racine.
Smith, David J.
Stanley, Jonathan.
Street, John.
Street, Zadock.
Trescott, Isaac.
West.

Coshocton

Boyd, James.
Boyd, Luther.
Boyd, Wm. Miller.
Campbell, Alexander.
Elliott, Wm.
Foster, Prior.
Lawrence, Solon.
Nichols, Eli.
Powell, Thomas.
Seward, Ebenezer.
Shannon, John P.
Shannon, Isaac.
Wier, Samuel.
White, Benj.

Crawford

Quaintance, Fisher.
Roe, Joseph.

Cuyahoga

Adams, Ezekiel.
Atkins, Quintus F.
Bell, John.
Cady, Asa.
Cay, Capt.
Ford, Cyrus.
Ford, Frank.
Ford, Horace.
Mackelwrath, Michael.
Paine, Robert.
Wade, Edward.

Darke

Clemens.
Gilpatrick, Dr. Rufus.
Hanway, James.
Spencer, Anderson.

Delaware

Benedict, Aaron.
Benedict, Aaron L.
Benedict, Cyrus.
Benedict, Daniel.
Benedict, G. G.
Benedict, M. J.
Cratty, John.
Cratty, Robert.
Cratty, Wm.
Dillingham, Micajah.
Dodds, Wm.
Flannigan, Dea.
Levering, Griffith.
Lewis, John.
Mosher, Joseph.
Osborn, Aaron L.
Osborn, Daniel.
Osborn, Wm.
Ream, Samuel.
Wood, Daniel.

Erie

Alsdorf, Col. V. B.
Anderson, Elijah.
+ Anderson, Peter.
Barber, Rev. Eldad.
Barney, George.
Beatty, John.
+ Boston, Rev. Thomas.
Brainard.
+ Brown, Bazel.
+ Brown, Isaac.
+ Butler, Thomas.
+ Butler, Wm.
+ Carr, Samuel.
Clark, Wm. H., Jr.
Clark, Wm. H., Sr.
Darling, Isaac.
Davidson, J. N.
Drake, Thomas.
+ Floyd, Samuel.
Goodwin, Homer.
Hadley, Clifton.
+ Hamilton, Andrew.
+ Hamilton, John.
+ Hampton, John.
Hathaway, Peter.
Hitchcock, S. E.
+ Holmes, Robert.
Irvine, John.
Irvine, Samuel.
+ “Black Jack.”
+ Jackson, John.
Jennings, R. J.
+ Johnson, Benjamin.
+ Jones.
Keech, C. C.
Lewis, L. H.
Lockwood, George.
Lockwood, Henry.
+ Loot, John B.
McGee, Thomas C.
McLouth, O. C.
Merry, H. F.
Nugent, Capt. James.
Parish, F. D.
Peck, Otis L.
Pool, John G.
Reynolds, Geo. J.
+ Ritchie, Grant.
+ Robertson, George.
+ Robinson, Andy.
Root, J. M.
Ruess, Herman.
Scott, Lyman.
Sloane, Hon. Rush R.
Starr, Perez.
Thorpe, Rev. John.
Tillinghast, O. C.
Walker, Samuel.
Williams, H. C.
+ Wilson, Wm.
+ Winfield, Alfred.
+ Winfield, John.

Fayette

Atkins, Isaac.
Browder, Fletcher.
Connor, James.
Dickey, Rev. Wm.
Eastman, David.
Edwards, Wm.
Elliott, Wilson.
Eustick, Robert.
Eustick, Wm.
Gillespie, Dr.
Gillespie, George.
Hopkins, Jerry.
Larmour, James.
Larmour, Thomas.
McNara, James.
Orcutt, Barrack.
Pinkerton, Wm.
Puggsly, Jacob.
Rodgers, Thomas.
Roeback, Hugh.
Steele, Adam.
Steele, Robert.
Steward, Dr. Hugh.
Steward, Col. James.
Stewart, George.
Wilson, Samuel.

Franklin

Alexander, Shepherd.
Black, George W.
Bookel, John.
Bull, Jason.
Clarke.
Coulter, Dr.
Dickerman, Benonah.
Ferguson, Wm.
Freeland, Jeremiah.
Gardner, Ozem.
Gardner, Wilson.
Graham, David.
Hambleton, Isaac H.
Hambleton, Thomas.
Hoffman, John.
Jenkins, David.
Kline, Jacob.
Kilbourne, Col. James.
Kline, Thomas.
Mattoon, Ansel.
Patterson, David.
Park, James.
Pettibone.
+ Poindexter, Rev. James.
Rees, John.
Rollison, L.
Sebring, Edward L.
Sharp, Garrett.
Smith, Dr. Samuel.
Thompson, Daniel.
Thompson, John W.
+ Ward, John.
+ Washington, Lewis, Sr.
+ Washington, Thomas.
+ Washington, Wm.
Westwater, James M.
Wilson, James.

Gallia

Allen, Richard.
Audrey, James P.
Bingham, Dr. Julius A.
Blodgett, Reuben.
+ Chavis, John.
Clark, Daniel.
Clark, Wm.
+ Cousins, Joseph.
+ Crossland, Chas.
Davis, Hiram.
Eaton, Dr. Henry.
Eblen, James.
+ Ellison, Wm.
Glenn, Andrew.
Glenn, Curry.
Glenn, James.
Glenn, M. K.
Hanger, Frederick.
Hanger, George.
+ Harvey, Henry.
Heacock, J. D.
+ Hocks, Wm.
Holcomb, A. J.
Holcomb, E. J.
Holcomb, E. T.
Holcomb, J. E.
Holcomb, Hon. Samuel R.
+ James, Caliph.
+ James, Howell.
Jarrett, Gabriel.
Kent, Abel.
Payne, George J.
Porter, John D.
Porter, Marshall.
Porter, Sumner.
Ross, N. D.
Sisson, N. B.
+ Stewart, Isaac.
+ Stewart, Jacob.
+ Stewart, James W.
+ Stewart, John J.
+ Stewart, John S.
+ Stewart, T. N.
Symmes, Wm.
Tate, David.

Green

Arnett, James H.
Atkinson, Thomas.
Barrett, James.
+ Bell, John H.
Beven, Abel.
Clemons, James.
Coates, Lindley.
Coat, Joseph.
Compton, John.
+ Conway.
+ Davis, James.
Fletcher, Robinson.
Fletcher, Wm.
+ Gillingham, Wm.
+ Johnson, Hezekiah.
Johnson, Simeon.
Little, Cyrus.
Little, Robert.
+ Lucas, Wm.
+ McAllister, John.
+ Martin, Harry.
Martin, Dr.
Monroe, David.
Orcutt, Barach.
+ Overton, Lewis.
+ Shelton, Walter.
+ Sloan, Frederick.
+ Washington, Henry.
Watson, Dr.
Whitney, Wm.
Wynins, Judge.

Guernsey

Boyd, James.
Broom, Daniel.
Brown, Thomas.
Craig, John.
Craig, Samuel.
Crooks, John.
Green, John.
Hall, Edward.
Leeper, John.
McCracken, Alex.
McCracken, Wm.
Miller, Adam.
Miller, Joseph.
Oldham, M.
Patterson, Samuel.
Reed, Judge.
Richey, Andrew.
Swayne, Samuel.
Thompson, Ebenezer.
Thompson, Eleazer.
Thompson, Rev. Evan.
White, P. H.

Hamilton

Aten, Adrian.
Bailey, Dr. Gamaliel.
Bales, Asa.
Birney, Wm.
Ball, Flamen.
Brisbane, Dr. Benj. Lawton.
Brisbane, Rev. Wm. Henry.
Burgoyne, Judge.
Burnett, Cornelius.
Burnett, Thomas.
Bushnell, Horace.
Butterworth, Wm.
Cable, Rev. Jonathan.
Carey, Wm.
Chase, Salmon P.
Cheney, Charles.
Coffin, Addison.
Coffin, Levi.
Colby, Dr.
Coleman, Mrs. Elizabeth.
Coleman, John H.
Donaldson, A.
Donum, Thomas.
Fairfield, John.
Franklin, Thomas.
Glenn, Edward R.
Harwood, Dr. Edward.
+ Hatfield, John.
Hayes, Rutherford B.
Hogans, Judge.
Jolliffe, John.
Lewis, Henry.
Lewis, Rev. Samuel.
Lindley, Aaron.
Mussey, Dr. W. H.
Pennington, Levi.
Pfaff, Dr. J. L.
Pugh, A. M.
Pyle, Mrs. M. J.
Reynolds, Samuel.
Roberts, Hansel.
Roberts, Wade.
Robinson, Mrs. Emily.
Rusk, Rev.
Schooley, Nathaniel.
Stowe, Professor Calvin E.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher.
Townshend, Dr. Norton S.
Van Zandt, John.
White, Micajah.
Williams, Hatfield.
Wilson, Rev. D. M.
Wilson, J. G.
Wilson, Samuel.

Hancock

Adams, David.
Ardinger, P. D.
Beach, Dr. Belizur.
Bigelow, Henry.
Brown, Ezra.
Bushon, A.
Chadwick, C.
Cory, David J.
Cox, Hiram.
Cox, John.
Engleman, John.
Haglar, E.
Henderson, Fred.
Huber, Benjamin.
Hurd, R. B.
King, John, Sr.
Markle, Joel.
Morall, Joseph.
McCaughey, W.
Newell, Hugh.
Parker, Jonathan.
Porch, Henry.
Strothers, Robert.
Wheeler, Jesse.

Hardin

+ Bray, Tapler.
Edgars, David H.
Elder, Culbertson.
+ Harris, Henry.
+ Hunster, Wm.
McConnell, Isaiah.
Newcomb, Cromwell.
+ Newlan, Henry.
+ Newlan, John A.
Watson, John.
Williams, Obadiah H.

Harrison

Carnehan, John.
Clarke, George P.
Cope, Jacob.
Cope, John.
Cope, Joseph.
Goff, J. H.
Hammond, Richard.
Hanna, Wilson.
Hazlett, John.
Huggins, Henry M.
Hunt, John.
Johnson, Micajah T.
+ Johnson, West.
Lee, Rev. J. B.
Lee, Judge Thomas.
Lucas, Henry.
Lucas, Edward.
McFaddin, Wm.
McFarland.
McNealy, Cyrus.
Mead, Joseph.
Paul, Samuel.
Rogers, Wm.
Steele, Dr.
Swain, Thomas.
Walker, Rev. John.
+ Willis, Lot.
Wilson, Dr. Martin.
Wilson, Wm.
Work, Alexander.
Work, David.

Highland

Bales, W.
Beatty, Alexander.
Brooks, Wm.
Campbell, Richard.
Cowgill, Benjamin.
Cowgill, John.
Doster, Henry.
Douglas, Wm.
Dunlap, Dr. Milton.
Evans, Noah.
Fullerton, George.
Ghormley, David.
Ghormley, Wm.
Gillispie.
Hibben, Samuel.
Hunter, John V.
Keys, Wm.
Lucas, Richard.
McClure, “Squire.”
McElroy, Ebenezer.
McElroy, Thomas.
Nelson, John.
Nelson, Wm.
Parker, Samuel.
Patterson, Alexander.
Rodgers, Col. Thomas.
Sewell, David.
Smith, Wm.
Somers, Absalom.
Strain, John R.
Strickel, Stephen.
Sumner, Robert.
Templeton, Robert.
Templeton, Wm.
Thuma, Peter.
Tomlinson, Jacob.
Tomlinson, Moses.
Ustick, W. A.
Van Pelt, Jonathan.
Williams, Nat.
Wilson, Adam R.
Wilson, Thomas.
Wilson, Wm.
Young.

Holmes

Bell, Alexander.
Bigham, Ebenezer.
Bigham, J. C.
Crocko, John.
Crocko, Kieffer.
Finney, John.
Fleming, James.
Johnson, Andrew.
Johnson, James.
McClellan, Andrew.
McClellan, Samuel.
McClure, John.
Whitten, Rev.

Huron

Adams, Henry.
Bly, Rouse.
Buckingham, Henry.
Healy, Jacob.
Healy, Joseph.
Palmer, Rundell.
Palmer, Samuel.
Palmer, Seeley.
Parker, “Elder” Benj.
Parker, Nelson.
Parker, Rev. Seth C.
Sherman, Lemuel.
Smith, Willis R.
Strong, Abner.
Townsend, Hiram.
+ Wilson, Wm.
Wright, Judge Jabez.

Jackson

Bingham, Julius A.
Crookham, George L.
Ford, Rev. I. N.
Isham, Asa W.
+ Janes.
Montgomery, Samuel G.
+ Nooks, Noah.
+ Steward family.
+ Woodson family.

Jefferson

Clarke, Samaria.
Clark, Wm.
Cope, Joseph H.
Crab, Henry.
Crab, John.
+ Davis, John.
George, A. W.
George, David.
George, James.
George, Robert.
George, Judge Thomas.
Griffith, John.
Hammond, Alexander.
Hammond, Hon. John.
Hammond, Joseph.
Herford family.
Holloway, Jacob.
Jenkins, George K.
Ladd, Benj.
Ladd, James D.
Ladd, James L.
Ladd, Wm. H.
Lindsay, Dr.
Lukens.
McGrew, Finley B.
McGrew, J. C.
Mendenhall, Cyrus.
Orr, George.
Orr, John.
+ Pointer, Thomas.
Powell, John.
+ Ray, Wm.
Roberts, Ezekiel.
Robinson, Wm.
Stanton, Dr. Benj.
Tetirick, Elias.
Tomlinson, Carver.
Updegraff, David.
Underwood, Johnson.
Watson, John M.
Watson, Mathew.
Wolcott, C. C.

Knox

Delanow.
Frederick.
Townsend, Thomas.

Lake

Butler, Samuel.
Howe, Mrs. Sophia Hull.
Marshall, Seth.
Pepoon, A. C.
Pepoon, Benjamin.
Perkins.
Root, Phineas.

Lawrence

Beaman, Rev.
Campbell, Hiram.
Campbell, John.
Chester, Rev. Joseph.
+ Coker, Tolliver.
Cratoff.
Creighton, Rev. Joseph H.
+ Dicher, James.
Hall, Dr. Cornelius.
+ Holly, Benjamin.
+ Johnson, Gabe N.
Leete, Ralph.
+ Lynch, Philip.
McGugin, Wm.
+ Mathews, John.
Reckard, Judge Wm.
Wilgus, Chas.
Wilson, Stephen.

Licking

Bancroft, Dr. W. W.
Cane, Norton.
Dunlop, Wm.
Green.
Hillyer, Justin.
Howe, Curtis.
Knowlton, L. W.
Linnel, Joshua.
Rees, John.
Rose, Lamuel.
Whiting, Christopher L.
Wright, E. C.
Wright, Wm. S.

Logan

Aiken, James.
Aiken, Joseph.
Barnet, James.
+ Bird, Erasmus.
+ Bird, Redmond.
Boyd, David.
Boyd, Robert.
+ Day, John.
+ Day, Solomon.
Dickinson, Robert.
Elliot.
Forsyth, J. M.
Fulton, James.
Fulton, Thomas.
George, Henry.
+ Hicks, John.
Hunt, David.
+ Hunt, Howell.
Jameson, Cornelius.
Jeffers, Dr.
Johnston, J. B.
Johnston, Renwick.
Johnston, Samuel P.
McAyral, Dr. R. A.
McRaille, George.
McWelly, Paul.
Milligan, J. C. K.
Milligan, J. S. T.
Mitchell, Mathew.
+ Mocksley, Wm.
+ Overly, Barney.
Patterson, Abraham.
Patterson, David.
Patterson, Isaac.
Pickerell, Henry.
Pickerell, Mahlon.
Pickerell, Wm.
Rankin, James.
Richie, Jonathan.
+ Scott, Henry A.
Scott, Thomas.
Sloane, J. R. W.
+ Spragne, Esau.
Stanton, Benjamin.
+ Tabor, Allen.
Townsend, Levi.
Trumbull, James.
Trumbull, John.
Walker, Judge James.
+ White, Henry.
Williams, Asa.
Williams, Silas.
Young, John.

Lorain

Boise, Eli.
Brooks, Samuel.
Bushnell, Simeon.
+ Cox, Sabraham.
DeWolf, Mathew.
Fitch, J. M.
Gillet, Mathew.
Hewes, Lewis.
Langston, Chas. H.
Loveland, Abner.
Manderville, John.
Niles, Henry.
Siples, Wm.
Soules, Walter.
Wadsworth, Loring.
Warren, Luther.

Lucas

Anderson, David.
Ashley, James M.
Brigham, Mavor.
Conlisk, James.
Mott, Richard.
Scott, Dr. H.

Madison

Allen, Wm. V.
Baskerville, James.
Baskerville, Marshall Pinkerton.
Baskerville, Richard A.
Baskerville, Samuel.
Baskerville, Wm. B.
Byers, Moses.
Byers, Newton.
Creamer.
Orcutt, Daniel.
Rapp, Jonah.
Slagle, Christian K.

Mahoning

Adair, James.
Andrews, Chauncey.
Bailey, David.
Barnes, Jacob.
Bonsell, Daniel.
Burnet, Henry.
Eaton, Daniel.
Garlic, Dr. Theodatus.
Hart, Ambrose.
Henry, Francis.
Hoge, Wesley.
Holcombe, John R.
Holland, Richard.
Kidwalader, Edward.
Kidwalader, Eli.
Kirk, John.
Kirtland, Dr. Jared Potter.
Laughridge, John.
Moore, Sampson.
Morse, Elkinch.
Sharp, Thomas.
Squires, John.
Thorn, Wilson.
Truman, Daniel.
Van Fleet, John.
Wells, John.

Marion

Ashbaugh, Arminens.
Ashbaugh, Frederick.
Botsford, Wm. Hiram.
Clark, Enoch.
Clements, Anson.
David.
Dudley, Moses.
Fisher, Wm.
Morris, Joseph.
Petus, Nathan.
Spelman, E. G.

Medina

Burr, Timothy.
Hulburt, Halsey.
Matteson, Cyrus.

Meigs

Barrets family.
Holt, Horace.
Jiles, Cyrus.
Milles family.
Rathbon family.
Simpson family.

Miami

Abbott, Dr. N.
Brandriff, Rev. Richard.
Clyde, George C.
Coate, Elijah.
Coates, Jonathan.
Coates, Joshua.
Davis, Henry.
Dooling, Dr. Wm.
Fairfield, Mikey P.
Green, Wm.
Hutchins, Josiah.
Jay, Denny.
+ Lawrence, Henry.
McCampbell, John Milton.
McMurd, Robert T.
Miles, Ephraim.
Miles, John.
Miles, Samuel.
+ Nelson, John.
Pearson, Isaac.
Pemberton, Jesse.
Pickering, Burrell.
Scudder, James.
Smith, Lester.
Stevens, Andrew.
Stevens, Samuel.
Tullis, John T.

Morgan

Adams, James.
Arkins, E. W.
Bagley, Samuel.
Beckwith, David.
Beckwith, Solomon.
Bundy, Wm.
Byers, Thomas.
Cheadle, Rial.
Coldasure, Mrs.
Cope, Charles.
Cope, Nathan P.
Cope, Wm.
Corner, Arthur.
Corner, Edward.
Corner, Wm.
Coulson, Jehu.
Deaver, David H.
Deaver, Jonas.
Deaver, Mrs. Affadilla.
Dennis, Adam.
Devore, John.
Doudna, Joseph.
Dunlap, Adam.
Everett, John.
Eves, James.
Folk, Wm.
Gift, Mrs. Jane.
Glendenon, David.
Glendenon, Isaac
Glines, Wm.
Graham, Benjamin.
Gray, Thomas L.
Guthrie, Erastus.
Hambleton, James.
Hambleton, John.
Harrison, Wm.
Hart, James W.
Harvey, John.
Hughes, Edward.
Jones, J. K.
Lavery, Joseph.
Lee, Dr. John.
Little, Dr. H. H.
Mariam, Cyrus.
Martin, George.
Matson, Enoch.
Millhouse, Wm.
Millions, Daniel.
Millions, Robert.
Millions, Wm.
Multon, James.
Nowlton, George.
Penrose, Thomas.
Porter, Ralph.
Reese, Mrs. Rhoda.
Sheppard, Isaiah.
Smith, Humphrey.
Smith, Thomas K.
Stanbery, Elias.
Stanbery, Jacob.
Stanbery, Perly.
Stokely, Mrs. Lydia.
Stone, John B.
Weller, Henry.
Williams, Enoc.
Williams, Isaac.
Williams, Jno. Thos.
Wood, John.
Wood, Joshua.
Woodward, Joseph.
Woodward, William.

Morrow

Andrews, Samuel.
Auld, James.
Benedict, Wm.
Brownlee, Archy.
Dillingham, Richard.
Eaton, Joseph.
Ford, Gen. Henry.
Gordon, Rev.
Hammond, John.
Hammond, Richard.
Hindman, Rev. Samuel
Hughes, Benjamin.
Hull, George.
Keese, John.
Luke, Thomas.
McClaren, Robert.
McGinnis.
McKibben, James.
McNeal, Allen.
McNeal, J. F.
Mosher, Asa.
Mosher, John.
Oshel, James.
Patent, Mark.
Preshaw, Wm.
Roberts, Dr. Reuben L.
Steele, Wm.
Tabor, Wm.
Taylor, James.
Walker, Andrew.
Walker, John.
Willets, Joel.
Wood, David.
Wood, Israel.
Wood, Jonathan.

Montgomery

Aughey, John.
Bruen, Luther.
Coates, David.
Coates, Henry.
Herrman, Henry.
Jay, Denny.
Jay, Samuel.
Jewett, Dr. Adams.
Jewett, Dr. Hibbard.
Shedd, James A.

Muskingum

Bells.
Brown family.
Buckingham.
Elliot family.
Emerson family.
Gillespie, Mathew.
Gutherie, Austin Albert.
Hodly family.
Harmon family.
McAtier family.
Marlow.
Nye, Maj. Horace.
Pennock, Elwood.
Speer, Robert.
Stitt, James, Sr.
Terrell, Adam.
Terrell, Marlow.
Wallace, David.
Ward, Hudson Champlin.
Whipple, Levi.

Noble

Calland, Robert.
Cleveland, Timothy.
Garner, Peter M.
Horton, Richard.
Horton, Thomas.
Leeper, Rev. Wm.
Lingo, Achilles.
Phillips, Rev.
Steele, Wm.
Tuttles, Church B.

Perry

Burrell, Almond Hervey.

Pickaway

Doddridge, Wm.
Drisback, Jonathan.
Hanby, Rev. Wm.

Pike

+ Barretts family.
+ Munces family.

Portage

Case, Truman.
Folgier, Wm.
Frazer.
Hutton, Mrs. Massey.
Keen, Greenbury.
Quier, A. C.
Sloane, John.
Steadman, General.

Preble

Brown, Rev. Jas. R.
Brown, Nathan, Jr.
Elliott, Hugh.
Geeding, Adam H.
Gifford.
Graves.
Kinnelly, Daniel.
Maddock, John.
Mitchel.
Silvers, Samuel.
Stubbs, Jesse.
Stubbs, John W.
Stubbs, Newton.
Talberts.

Richland

Blymyers.
Craig, Dr. I. U.
Finney, James.
Finney, John P.
Gass, Benjamin.
McClure, Benjamin.
McClure, James.
McClure, John.
McClure, Samuel.
McClure, Wm.
Martin, Isaac.
Martin, James.
Mitchell, George.
Reed, John.
Robbins.
Roe, Joseph.
Sandersall, Thomas.
Wood, James.

Ross

Anderson, James.
Chancelor, Richard.
Chancelor, Robert.
Claypool, Isaac.
Fidler, Jesse.
Fidler, John.
Fullerton, Rev. Hugh S.
Galbraith, Robert.
+ Green.
Harmon, John.
Jackson, James.
Langstren, Chas. H.
Lunbeck, Joseph.
+ Mitchell, Rev. W. M.
Prizer, David.
Redmond, Andrew.
Sample, John.
Scott, Sutterfield.
+ Skillgess, Joseph.
Steward, Col. Robert.
Tulley, Erasmus.

Sandusky

Bidwell, Iberias.
La Fever, John.
Paden, Hon. H. F.

Scioto

Ashton, Joseph.
Kennedy, Milton.
+ Love, Joseph.
+ Lucas, Dan.
McClain, Capt.

Seneca

Grimes family.
Whetsels family.

Shelby

Bennet, John S.
Ogden, Pharaoh A.
Roberts, James M.

Stark

Austin, James.
Blakesley, Jonathan.
Bowman, Isaac.
Brooks, Dr. Abram.
Brooks, Edward.
Brooks, James.
Brooks, Samuel.
Coates, Isaac.
Coffin, Chas.
Cole, Dr. Joseph.
Cope, Hiram.
Cope, Mary Ann.
Edgerton, Gov. Sidney.
Erwin, Mahlon.
Folger, Capt. Robert H.
Fox, Jehial.
Gaskin.
Gilbert, Barclay.
Grant, Chas.
Hall, John.
Johnson, Ellis.
Lukens, Joseph.
Macy, Mathew.
Macy, Samuel.
Marshall, Benj.
Mead, Abner.
Peirce, I. Newton.
Purdy, Fitch.
Purdy, Gerden.
Quier, Arome.
Quier, Mary.
Rockhill, Samuel.
Rotch, Thomas.
Sperry, I. P.
Stout, Zebbes.
Williams, Irvine.
Williams, Richard.
Wright, Alpha.
Wright, Dr. Amos.
Wright, Clement.

Summit

Brown, Jason.
Brown, John.
Clarke, Ezra.
Hudson, David.

Trumbull

Braden, John.
Brown, Col.
Brown, Ephraim.
Bushnell, Gen. Andrew.
Coon.
Douglass, Thomas.
Fenn, Benjamin.
Fuller, Samuel.
Green, Cyrel.
Haines, Acyel.
Harris, Milo.
Hart, Ambrose.
Hayes, Col.
Hayes, Seth.
Hoffman, B. F.
Hutchins, John.
Jenkins.
King, Judge Leicester.
Stewart, Charles.
Sutliff, Judge Levi.
Tracy, Azel.
Weed, John.

Tuscarawas

Craig, Wm. H.
Fox, J. W.
Lindsey, Samuel.
McClain, Edward.
McClain, Wm.
Meek, Robert.
Powell, F. W.
Powell, Thomas.

Union

Carroll, Asa.
Cherry, Samuel A.
Ferris, Herman.
Kinney, Dr. S. M.
+ Mayo, Joe.
Rathbon, Dr. Charles.
Skinner, Aaron.
Skinner, W. H.
Wood, Judge Wm. W.

Vinton

Brown, Henry.
Castor, James.
Fogg, Thomas P.
Hawk, Benjamin.
Hudson, S.
Morris, Abram.
Ogle, Henry.

Warren

Allen, Abram.
Allen, David.
Bateman, Jacob.
Bateman, John.
Bateman, Warner M.
Bedford, Wm.
Brooks, Dr.
Butterworth, Henry T.
Butterworth, Samuel.
Butterworth, Wm. B.
Carr, Job.
Corwin, R. G.
Evans, Joseph.
Farr, Angelina.
Farr, Franklin.
Hopkins, Thomas.
Miller.
Mullin, Isaac.
Mullin, Job.
Nicholson, Valentine.
Potts, Edward.
Potts, John.
Potts, Samuel.
Pugh, Achilles.
Thomas, Jonah D.
+ Wilson, Fred.
Wilson, Jesse.
Wright, Jonathan.

Washington

Bailey, Uriah.
Cottle, Hamilton.
Curtis, Liberty.
Curtis, Eli.
Dufer, Abe.
Eastman, Adoniram.
Fairchild, Hiram.
Fairchild, Joseph.
Fulcher, Andrew.
Garner, Peter M.
Gould, Ephraim.
Hale, Smith.
Hale, Levi.
Harris, Asa.
+ Harrison, Geo. Wm.
Heald, Wm. S.
Hibbard, T. B.
Hovey, Harvey.
Hughes, Benjamin.
Jones, Jerry.
Lawton, James.
Lee, Jonathan.
Loraine, Craton.
Lund, Isaac.
McCoy, Rev. J. C.
Mallett, Albert.
Morris, Andrew.
+ Norman, Frank.
Norton, Rev. Richard.
Porter, Thomas.
Powells, Washington.
Preston, Col.
Price, Abraham.
Putnam, David.
Rice, James.
Ridgeway, Thomas.
Shepard, Courtland.
Shotwell, Isaac.
Shotwell, Titus.
Smith, Harvey.
Smith, Wm. Joseph.
Steel, Wm.
Stephenson, Dr.
Stanton, Burdin.
Stanton, Nathan.
Stone, Frank.
Stone, Col. John.
Tuttle, C. B.
Vickers, Dr.
Wilson, Thomas.

Wayne

Battles, Thomas S.
Bell, Charity.
Burr, Timothy.
Clark, David.
Cheney, Hibben.
Daniels, Isaac.
Degarmon, Dr. Joseph.
Ladd, Benjamin W.
McClelland, H. R.
May, Daniel.
Oldroyd, Charles.
Perdu.
Rose, James.
Seibert, Samuel.
Smith, Thomas L.
Taggart, Robert.

Western Reserve

Brown, Owen.
King, Leicester.
Perkins, Gen.
Wright, Elizur.

Wood

Merriton, Wm.
Moore, Lee.

Miscellaneous

Cross, Joseph.
Fulcher, John.
Heberling, A.
Palmer, Rundell.


PENNSYLVANIA

Adams

Everett, Hamilton.
Stevens, Thaddeus.
Walker, Benjamin.
Wright, Wm.

Allegheny

Taylor, Charles.

Beaver

Brown, Rev. Abel.
Gilbert, Joshua.
Rakestraw.

Bedford

+ Crawley, Joseph.
+ Fidler, Rev. John.
Perry, Wyett.
+ Rouse, Rev. Elias.

Berks

Lewis, Thomas.
Scarlett, Joseph P.

Blair

Nesbet, Wm.

Bucks

Atkinson family.
Beause family.
Blackfan family.
Brown family.
Buckman family.
Burgess, William.
Corson, George.
Fell, Joseph.
Heston, Jacob.
Ivins, Barclay.
Jackson, Wm.
Janney, Richard.
Johnson, Wm. H.
Kenderdine, John E.
Linton, Mahlon B. and wife.
Lloyd, William.
Longshore, Jolly.
Magill, Jonathan P.
Moore, Richard.
Palmer, Jonathan.
Paxson family.
Pierce family.
Price, Kirk J.
Schofield, Benjamin.
Simpson family.
Smith, Chas. and Martha.
Swain family.
Trego family.
Twining family.
Warner, Isaac.
Williams, Edward.

Butler

Brown.
McGee, John.
McGee, George.

Chester

Agnew, Allen.
Agnew, Maria.
Barnard, Eusebius.
Barnard, Sarah D.
Barnard, Sarah Marsh.
Barnard, Simon.
Barnard, Wm.
Bonsall, Abram.
Bonsall, Thomas.
Carson, Charles.
Cain, Dr. Augustus W.
Coates, Levi.
Corson.
Cox, John.
Cox, Hannah.
Darlington, Chandler.
Darlington, Hannah M.
Darlington sisters.
Evans, Nathan.
Fulton, James, Jr.
Fulton, Joseph.
Fussell, Dr. Bartholomew.
Fussell, Dr. Edwin.
Fussell, Wm.
Groff, John A.
Haines, Joseph.
Hambleton, Charles.
Hambleton, Eli.
Hambleton, Thomas.
Hamer, Jesse.
Hayes, Esther.
Hayes, Mordecai.
Haynes, Jacob.
Hopkins, Thomas.
Jackson, Wm.
Kent, Benj.
Kent, Hannah.
Kimber, Emmor.
Kirk, Isaiah.
Lewis, Elizabeth.
Lewis, Esther.
Lewis, Grace Anna.
Lewis, Marianne.
Lindley, Jacob.
Maris, Morris.
Marsh, Gravner.
Mendenhall, Dinah.
Mendenhall, Isaac.
Meredith, Isaac.
Meredith, Thamazine.
Moore, Charles.
Moore, Joseph.
Painter, Samuel M.
Peart, Lewis.
Pennypacker, Elijah F.
Pierce, Benjamin.
Pierce, Gideon.
Price, George D.
Preston, Amos.
Preston, Mahlon.
Richards, Henry.
+ Shadd, Abraham D.
Speakman, Micajah.
Speakman, Wm. A.
Sugar, John.
Sugar, Wm.
Taylor, Wm. W.
Thomas, Zebulon.
Thorne, J. Williams.
Trimble, Wm.
Vickers, John.
Vickers, Paxson.
Vickers, Thomas.
Walton.
Walker, Enoch.
Whitson, Moses.
Williams, James.
Williamson, Seymour C.
Wood, James.

Clearfield

Atcheson, George.
Atcheson, Wm.
Cochran, Isaac.
Gallaker, James.
Kirk, Jason, and sons.
Westover, Wm.

Crawford

Benn, Jonathan.
Brown, M. M.
Churchill.

Dauphin

Lewis, Dr.

Delaware

Dannaker, James T.
Garrett, Isaac.
Garrett, Philip.
Garrett, Samuel.
Jackson, John.
Lewis, James.
Price, Benjamin.
Price, Philip.
Truman, George S.

Erie

Henry, Frank.
Judson, Dr.
Towner, Jehiel.
Reeder, James.
Reeder, Job.

Fayette

Benson, Joe.
+ Black, Joe.
Chalfant, Mathew.
Jackson, John.
Jackson, Joseph.
McClure, Potan.
Miller, Jacob B.
Waller, Thomas.
Wares, Joe.
Webster, Cato.

Hampden

Osgood, Dr.

Indiana

Baker, James.
Baker, John.
Campbell, Joseph.
Dixon.
Gamble, George.
Hamilton, James.
Henry.
Huston, John.
Huston, Robert.
Mitchell, Dr.
Mitchell, Robert.
Morehead, James.
Park, James L.
Powell, Wilson.
Rank, C. R.
Rank, George.
Rank, Samuel.
Rank, S. K.
Rank, Zenas.
Spaulding, George.
Swispelm, Jane G.
Thomas, Jesse.
White, S. P.
White, Wm., and three sons.
Work, the brothers.

Lancaster

Bessick, Thomas.
Bond, Samuel.
Brinton, Joseph.
Brinton, Joshua.
Brown, Ellwood.
Bushong, Henry.
Carter, Henry.
Coates, Lindley.
Eshelman, Dr. J. K.
Furniss, Oliver.
Gibben, Daniel.
Gibbons, Joseph.
Haines, Joseph.
Hood, Caleb C.
Hood, Joseph.
Jackson, Thomas.
Mifflin, Jonathan.
Mifflin, Samuel W.
Moore, James.
Moore, Jeremiah.
Peart, Thomas.
Russell, John Neal.
Smith, Allen.
Smith, Joseph.
Smith, Stephen.
Thorne, I. Wm.
Webster, George.
Whipper, Wm.
Whitson, Micah.
Whitson, Thomas.
Wright, Wm.

Lawrence

Anderson, Alex.
Bradford, A. B.
Bushnell, Rev. Wells.
Cadwalader.
Enwer, Daniel.
Enwer, John N.
Hart, Dr. A. G.
McKeever, Judge.
McKeever, Mathew.
McMillen, White.
Minich, James.
Mitchell, S. W.
Semple, Amzi C.
Semple, Eli.
Sharpless, Benjamin.
Stevenson, E. M.
Walker, W. W.
White, Joseph S.
Wright, Alexander.
Young, David.
Young, John.
Young, William.

Luzerne

Gildersleeve.

Mercer

Bishop.
Gilbert, John.
Gordon, Rev. George.
Grierson, Robert.
Hogue, John I.
Hogue, Wesley.
Jansan, Mathew.
Minich, James.
Squires, John.
Thorn, Wilson.
Travis, Richard.
Ward.
Wilson, George.
Young, John.

Mifflin

Johnston, Wm. B.
Maclay, Dr. Samuel.
Nourse, Rev. Joseph.
Thompson, James.
Thompson, Samuel.

Monroe

Singmaster, Jacob.
Vail family.

Montgomery

Aaron, Rev. Samuel.
Corson, E. Hick.
Corson, George.
Corson, Lawrence E.
Corson, Dr. Wm.
Garrigues, Benjamin.
Newport, David.
Paxson, Dr. Jacob I.
Pierce, Eli D.
Read, Thomas.
Roberts, Isaac.
Roberts, John.
Ross, Daniel.
Warner.

Philadelphia

Aaron, Rev. Samuel.
Bias, James Gould.
Brown, David Paul.
Burr, John P.
+ Burris, Sam’l D.
Coates, Edwin H.
Davis, Edward M.
+ Depee, N. W.
Earle, Hon. Thomas.
Elder, Dr.
Fortune, James.
Furness, Rev. Wm. H.
+ Garnet, Henry Highland.
Harrison, Benj.
Harrison, Thomas.
Hastings, Samuel D.
Johnson, Wm. H.
Lambson, Capt.
McKim, J. Miller.
Moore, Esther.
Mott, James.
Mott, Lucretia.
Purvis, Robert.
Rhoads, Samuel.
+ Ruggles, David.
+ Still, Wm.
Smith, Stephen,
+ Tubman, Harriet.
Twining, Henry M.
Ware, Isaiah.
Whildon, Capt.
+ White, Jacob C.
Williamson, Hon. Passmore.
Wise, Charles.

Somerset

+ Smith.
Willey, Wm.

Susquehanna

Bard, Sam’l.
Brewster, Horace.
Carmalt, Caleb.
Foster, Wm.
Lyons, B. R.
Post, Albert.
Post, Isaac.
Warner, Sam’l.

Venango

Conley.
Clapp, B. Ralph.
Howe, John W.
Hughes, John.
Kingsley, James.
+ Lawson, James.
+ Lawson, Job.
McDowell, Alex.
Raymond, Wm.
Rodgers, James.
Small, S. H.
Travis, Rich.

Washington

Lemoin, Dr.
McKeever, Mathew.

Wyoming

Drake, Jonathan.
Overfield, Nicholas.

York

Fisher, Joel.
Goodrich, Wm. C.
Jourdon, Cato.
Loney, Robert.
Mifflin, Jonathan.
Mifflin, Susan.
Mifflin, Sam’l.
Wallace.
Wierman, Joel.
Willis, Samuel.
Wright, Wm.


RHODE ISLAND

Newport

Mitchell, Jethro.
Mitchell, Anne.

Providence

Adams, Robert.
Buffum, Arnold.
Buffum, Wm.
Chace, Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum.
Chace, Samuel B.
Mitchell, Daniel.
Walker, Capt. Jonathan.

VIRGINIA

Brock

Bryant, Joseph.

Wheeling

+ Naler, Dick.
Steele, Joshua.

Miscellaneous

Smith, Samuel A.


VERMONT

Addison

Barber, E. D.
Barker, Samuel.
Fuller, R. L.
Gordon, Joseph.
Robinson, Rowland T.
Rogers, Joseph.
Wicker, Cyrus W.

Bennington

Robert, Daniel, Jr.
Wilcox, Dr. S.

Caledonia

Bailey, Rev. Kiah.

Chittenden

Bigelow, L. G.
Briggs, Wm. P.
Byington, Anson.
Dean, Professor.
French, Wm. H.
Hoag, Nathan C.
Lovely, Noble.
McNeil.
Stansbury, E. A.
Young, Rev. Joshua, D.D.

Franklin

Brainerd, Hon. Lawrence.
Comings, Andrew.
Felton, Charles.
Green, Rev.
Kendall, Col. Samuel.
Martin, Jefferson.
Sanborn, E. S.
Sabin, Hon. Alvah.

Lamoille

Caldwell, A. W.
Dodge, Jonathan.
Gleed, Rev. John.
Hotchkiss, J. M.
Safford, Madison.
West, Hon. John.

Orange

Griswold, Howard.
Kimball, F. W.
Moore, Dr. L. C.
Putnam, Rev. George.
Rowell, Hon. A. J.

Rutland

Marsh, R. V.
Nicholson, D. E.
Rauney, E. S.
Rogers, Aaron.
Rogers, Dinah.
Thrall, R. R.

Washington

Arms, Dr.
Butler, Dea.
Miller, Col. J. P.
Parker, Dea.
Stows, Stephen F.

Windham

Frost, Willard.
Shafter, Oscar L.
Shafter, Wm. R.

Windsor

Fletcher, Ryland.
Hutchinson, Ozamel.
Hutchinson, Hon. Titus.
Morris, Dea. Sylvester.
Woodward, Daniel.


WISCONSIN

Racine

Bartlett, J. O.
Bunce, Charles.
Dutton, A. P.
Fitch, “Elder.”
Peffer.
Pick, S. B.
Reed, Gen.
Secor, Dr.
Steel, Capt.
Utley, W. L.
Waterman, W. H.
Wright, George S.

Waukesha

Brown, Samuel.
Chandler, Daniel.
Clinton, Dea. Allen.
Dougherty.
Goodnow, Lyman.
Mendall, Dea.

Walworth

Thompson, Charles.


WASHINGTON, D.C.

Bigelow, Jacob.
Drayton, Capt. Daniel.

Members of the Vigilance Committee of Boston, Massachusetts990

(Organized October 14, 1850)

Adams, Charles B.
Adams, George.
Alcott, A. Bronson.
Allen, Ephraim.
Allyne, Joseph W.
Andrew, John A.
Andrews, Erastus.
Apthorp, Robert E.
Atkinson, Edward.
Atkinson, William P.
Augustus, John.
Ayres, John.
Barker, Rensalaer.
Baxter, Thompson.
Bearse, Austin.
Bigelow, Dennis.
Bishop, Joel P.
Blakemore, William.
Blanchard, Joshua P.
Bolles, John A.
Botume, John, Jr.
Bouve, Thomas T.
Bowditch, Henry I.
Bowditch, William I.
Bramhall, Cornelius.
Bridge, Jonathan D.
Brimblecom, F.
Brimblecom, F. A.
Browne, John W.
Bryant, David.
Bruce, Jeptha C.
Burlingame, Anson.
Burrage, Alvah A.
Cabot, Fred. S.
Capen, Lemuel.
Carew, Thomas.
Carnes, George W.
Caswell, Lewis E.
Channing, William F.
Channing, William H.
Chase, L. G.
Cheever, George F.
Child, Alfred A.
Child, Daniel F.
Colver, Nathaniel.
Cornell, William M.
Cowing, Cornelius.
Crosby, Robert R.
Curtis, John, Jr.
Cushing, Henry D.
Cutter, Abraham E.
Dana, Richard H., Jr.
Danforth, John C.
Davie, Johnson.
Davis, Charles G.
Denio, Sylvanus A.
Dodge, George.
Dodge, Joshua G.
Downer, Samuel, Jr.
Edmunds, Edward.
Eldridge, John S.
Ellis, Charles.
Ellis, Charles M.
Emmons, John L.
Fay, Emery B.
Fillebrown, Edward.
Fisher, George J.
Fitch, Jonas.
Fuller, Richard F.
Gage, Benjamin W.
Garrison, William Lloyd.
Gibbs, John B.
Gilbert, Timothy.
Gore, John C.
Gove, John.
Gooch, Daniel W.
Greene, Benjamin H.
Hamlet, William.
Hanscom, Simon P.
Hanson, Moses P.
+ Hayden, Lewis.
Hayes, Joseph K.
Hersey, Nathan W.
Hildreth, Richard.
Hilton, John T.
Holman, Joshua B.
Holmes, Richard.
Holmes, William H.
Hood, Richard.
Houghton, George W.
Howe, Samuel G.
Howland, David.
Hovey, Charles F.
Hoxie, Timothy W.
Hunt, Ebenezer.
Hunter, Thomas.
Jackson, Edmund.
Jackson, E. W.
Jackson, Francis.
Jameson, William H.
Jenkins, William H.
Jewett, John P.
Kemp, Henry.
Kendall, Stephen B.
Kimball, John S.
Kimball, Peter.
King, John G.
King, T. Starr.
Knapp, Frederick N.
Lawton, John T.
Layton, Joseph J.
Lewis, Enoch.
Lewis, Joel W.
Lincoln, Henry W.
List, Charles.
Lloyd, Samuel H.
Locke, Amos W.
Loring, Ellis Gray.
Lowell, James Russell.
Mackay, T. B.
Manley, John R.
Marjoram, William W.
Marsh, Bela.
Marston, Russell.
May, Frederick W. G.
May, Samuel, Jr.
McCrea, J. B.
McPhail, Andrew M., Jr.
Merriam, E. S.
Merrill, George.
Minot, George.
Mitchell, George H.
Moody, Loring.
Morris, Robert.
Mussey, Benjamin B.
Nichols, Henry P.
Nash, Nathaniel C.
Nell, William C.
Orne, Otis.
Osgood, Isaac.
Parker, Henry T.
Parker, Theodore.
Parkman, John.
Parks, Luther, Jr.
Perkins, Thomas C.
Phelps, Sylvester.
Phillips, Wendell.
Pratt, J.
Prentiss, Henry J.
Putnam, Joseph H.
Quimby, J. P.
Quincy, Edmund.
Raymond, William T.
Richards, James B.
Ritchie, Uriah.
Rogers, George M.
Rogers, John S.
Rogers, Robert B.
Russell, George R.
Russell, Thomas, Jr.
Sargent, John T.
Sawyer, William N.
Sewall, Samuel E.
Shaw, Francis G.
Slack, Charles W.
Smilie, J. H.
Smith, Chauncey.
Smith, Joshua B.
Smith, J. W.
Smith, Stephen.
Snowden, Isaac H.
Southwick, Joseph.
Sporrell, William.
Spear, John M.
Spooner, Lysander.
Spooner, William B.
Steele, William M.
Stone, James W.
Stone, Milton J.
Storrs, Amariah.
Sullivan, John W.
Swift, John L.
Taft, A. C.
Talbot, S. D.
Tappan, Charles.
Thayer, David.
Thompson, John.
Tolman, James.
Towne, William B.
Treanor, Barnard S.
Trafton, Mark.
Trask, Henry P.
Wakefield, Enoch H.
Wallcutt, Robert F.
Walker, Dana D.
Warren, Washington.
Waters, Edwin F.
Waterston, Robert C.
Webb, Seth, Jr.
Whipple, Charles K.
White, William A.
Whitman, William H.
Wilson, Alexander.
Withington, Oliver W.
Wright, Elizur.
Yerrington, J. M. W.
York, Jasper H.

Members of the “League of Gileadites” of Springfield, Massachusetts991

(Organized among the negroes by John Brown, January 15, 1851)

Addams, Joseph.
Burns, William.
Chandler, Samuel.
Dowling, B. C.
Fowler, Jane.
Gazam, C. A.
Gordon, William.
Green, Eliza.
Green, William.
Hector, Henry.
Holmes, G. W.
Howard, J. N.
Johnson, Ann.
Johnson, Henry.
Johnson, Reverdy.
Jones, H. J.
Montague, William H.
Odell, Charles.
Robinson, Henry.
Rollins, Charles.
Smith, John.
Strong, John.
Thomas, Cyrus.
Wallace, L.
Webb, Scipio.
Wicks, Jane.

And seventeen others, whose names are unknown.

992

(Organized October 4, 1850)

Members of the General Vigilance Committee of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania993

(Organized December 2, 1852)

Asher, J.
Burr, J. P.
Bustill, Charles H.
Depee, Nathaniel.
Goines, B. N.
Gordon, Henry.
Hall, Morris.
M’Kim, J. M.
Nickless, Samuel.
Oliver, John D.
Purvis, Robert.
Reason, Prof. C. L.
Riley, W. H.
Still, William.
Wears, Josiah C.
White, Jacob C.
Whitson, Cyrus.
Wise, Charles.

Footnotes

1 Chapters VI and VII, pp. 61-86.

2 Vol. III, p. 552, foot-note.

3 History of the United States, Vol. II, pp. 74-77, 361, 362.

4 Mitchell, Underground Railroad, Preface, p. vi; p. 17.

5 Mr. Mitchell divides his little book into two chapters, one on the “Underground Railroad,” occupying 124 pages, the other on the “Condition of Fugitive Slaves in Canada,” occupying 48 pages.

[6] Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, pp. 91-121, of the publications of the Society.

7 March, 1887, pp. 672-682.

8 July, 1888, pp. 19-88. This periodical is issued by the Firelands Historical Society of Ohio. The bulk of the number mentioned is made up of contributions in regard to the Underground Road in northwestern Ohio.

9 February, 1895, pp. 173-180.

10 May, 1895, pp. 9-16.

11 April, 1896, pp. 455-463. This article is a preliminary study prepared by the author.

12 Lillie B. C. Wyman: “Black and White,” in New England Magazine, N.S., Vol. V, pp. 476-481; “Harriet Tubman,” ibid., March, 1896, pp. 110-118. Nina M. Tiffany: “The Escape of William and Ellen Craft,” ibid., January, 1890, p. 524 et seq.; “Shadrach,” ibid., May, 1890, pp. 280-283; “Sims,” ibid., June, 1890, pp. 385-388; “Anthony Burns,” ibid., July, 1890, pp. 569-576. A. H. Grimké: “Anti-Slavery Boston,” ibid., December, 1890, pp. 441-459.

13 Other newspapers in which materials have been found are mentioned in the Appendix, pp. 395-398.

14 Underground Railroad Records, pp. xxxiii, xxxiv.

15 Ibid., p. 611, where is printed an article from the Pennsylvania Freeman, December 9, 1852, giving an account of the formation of the Committee.

16 See pp. xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi.

17 The title Mr. Parker gave to this scrap-book is as follows: “Memoranda of the Troubles in Boston occasioned by the infamous Fugitive Slave Law.”

18 Sanborn, Life and Letters of John Brown, p. 482.

19 Ibid., pp. 488, 489.

20 See Chap. XI, p. 346.

21 Conversation with Robert Purvis, Philadelphia, Pa., December 24, 1895.

22 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 56, 57.

23 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 120, 121.

24 The value of reminiscences and memoirs is considered in an article on “Recollections as a Source of History,” by the Hon. Edward L. Pierce, in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, March and April, 1896, pp. 473-490. This, with the remarks of Professor H. Morse Stephens in his article entitled “Recent Memoirs of the French Directory,” American Historical Review, April, 1896, pp. 475, 476, 489, should be read as a corrective by the student that finds himself constrained to have recourse to recollections for information.

25 The Rev. J. R. W. Sloane, D.D., was the father of Professor William M. Sloane, of Columbia University, New York City. Professor Sloane, in a letter recently received, says: “The first clear, conscious memory I have is of seeing slaves taken from our garret near midnight, and forwarded towards Sandusky. I also remember the formal, but rather friendly, visitation of the house by the sheriff’s posse.” Date of letter, Paris, November 19, 1896.

26 Conversation with the Rev. R. G. Ramsey, Cadiz, Ohio, August 18, 1892.

27 Reminiscences, p. 184.

28 Letter of John Charles, Economy, Wayne County, Indiana, January 9, 1896. Mr. Charles is a Quaker, and took part in the underground work at Economy.

29 Letter from Charles W. Osborn, Economy, Indiana, March 4, 1896. Mr. Osborn obtained the names of stations in conversation with Mr. Ratliff.

30 Letter of William Hayward.

31 Constitution of Massachusetts, Part I, Art. 1; quoted by Du Bois, Suppression of the Slave Trade, p. 225.

32 See Appendix A, p. 359.

33 History of the United States, Vol. I, p. 16.

34 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 2-11.

35 Journals of Congress, XII, 84, 92.

36 Constitution of the United States, Art. IV, § 2. See Revised Statutes of the United States, I, 18. See also Appendix A, p. 359.

37 Elliot’s Debates. See also George Livermore’s Historical Research Respecting the Opinions of the Founders of the Republic on Negroes, as Citizens and as Soldiers, 1862, p. 51 et seq.

38 Elliot’s Debates, III, 277.

39 Appendix A, pp. 359-361.

40 Fugitive Slaves, p. 19.

41 See Chap. IX, pp. 259-267; also Stroud, Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery in the Several States, 2d ed., pp. 220-222.

42 Appendix A, pp. 361-366.

43 Statutes at Large, IX, 462-465.

44 Deut. xxiii, 15, 16.

45 See Some Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, by S. J. May, p. 345 et seq.; Stroud’s Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery in the Several States, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 271-280; Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 304-322.

46 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 43; J. F. Clarke, Anti-Slavery Days, p. 92.

47 Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. I, p. 377.

48 F. L. Olmsted, Journey in the Back Country, p. 155; Rev. W. M. Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, pp. 72, 73; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 57.

49 Edward Ingle, Southern Side-Lights, p. 293.

50 These reports will be dealt with in another connection. See Chap. XI, pp. 342, 343.

51 G. M. Weston, Progress of Slavery in the United States, Washington, D.C., 1858, pp. 22, 23.

52 Conversation with William Johnson, Windsor, Ontario, July, 1895.

53 Conversation with Horace Washington, Windsor, Ontario, Aug. 2, 1895.

54 The Liberator, April 10, 1846.

55 Conversation with William Edwards, Amherstburg, Ontario, Aug. 3, 1895.

56 Letter of H. C. Harvey, Manchester, Kan., Jan. 16, 1893.

57 S. G. Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 11, 12.

58 Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 63.

59 Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown, p. 229.

60 Dr. A. M. Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, 2d ed., 1876, pp. 10, 11, 15, 39.

61 Conversation with White and Sidney in Canada West, August, 1895.

62 Rufus King, Ohio, in American Commonwealths, pp. 364, 365, relates that some of these slaves were discharged from servitude “by writs of habeas corpus procured in their names,” and that “numbers were abducted from the slave states and concealed, or smuggled by the ‘Underground Railroad’ into Canada.”

63 Dr. A. M. Ross, The Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, p. 38.

64 A. L. Benedict, Memoir of Richard Dillingham, p. 17.

65 George W. Julian, Life of Joshua R. Giddings, p. 157.

66 History of Brown County, Ohio, p. 313 et seq. Also letter of Dr. Isaac M. Beck, Sardinia, O., Dec. 26, 1892. Mr. Beck was born in 1807, and knew personally the clergymen named. He joined the abolition movement in 1835. His excellent letter is verified in various points by other correspondents.

67 Letter from Professor L. F. Parker, Grinnell, Iowa, Aug. 30, 1894.

68 Letter from President W. M. Brooks, Tabor, Iowa, Oct. 11, 1894.

69 Sparks’s Washington, IX, 158, quoted in Quakers of Pennsylvania, by Dr. A. C. Applegarth, Johns Hopkins Studies, X, p. 463.

70 Lunt, Origin of the Late War, Vol. I, p. 20.

71 L. Maria Child, Life of Isaac T. Hopper, 1854, p. 35.

72 History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, R. C. Smedley’s article on the “Underground Railroad,” p. 426; also Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 26.

73 The Rev. Thomas C. Oliver, born and raised in Salem, N.J., says that the work of the Underground Railroad was going on before he was born, (1818) and continued until the time of the War. Mr. Oliver was raised in the family of Thomas Clement, a member of the Society of Friends. He graduated from the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1856. As a youth he began to take part in rescues. Although seventy-five years old when visited by the author, he was vigorous in body and mind, and seemed to have a remarkably clear memory.

74 L. Maria Child, Life of Isaac T. Hopper, p. 316.

75 History of Florence, Mass., p. 131, Charles A. Sheffeld, Editor.

76 The Underground Road was active in New York City at a much earlier date certainly than Lossing gives. He says, “After the Fugitive Slave Law, the Underground Railroad was established, and the city of New York became one of the most important stations on the road.” History of New York, Vol. II, p. 655.

77 Letter of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, Sept. 14, 1896. Mrs. Crane’s father, Mr. Jervis Langdon, was active in underground work at Elmira, and had a trusted co-laborer in John W. Jones, who still lives in Elmira.

78 Conversation with Professor Orton, Ohio State University, Columbus, O., 1893.

79 For cases of arrivals of escaped slaves over some of the western New York branches, see Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, by Eber M. Pettit, 1879. These sketches were first published in the Fredonia Censor, the series closing Nov. 18, 1868.

80 Letter of Mr. Aldis O. Brainerd, St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 21, 1895.

81 Letter of Mr. Charles E. Lord, Franklin, Pa., July 6, 1896: “My maternal grandfather, James Furber, lived for several years in Canaan, N.H., where his house was one of the stations of the Underground Railway. His father-in-law, James Harris, who lived in the same house, had been engaged in helping fugitive negroes on toward Canada ever since 1830, and probably before that time.”

82 Letter of Judge Mellen Chamberlain, Chelsea, Mass., Feb. 1, 1896.

83 Letter of Mr. Thomas P. Cheney, Ashland, N.H., March 30, 1896.

84 Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.

85 Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, p. 27. Mrs. Chace says: “From the time of the arrival of James Curry at Fall River, and his departure for Canada, in 1839, that town became an important station on the so-called Underground Railroad.” The residence of Mrs. Chace was a place of refuge from the year named.

86 Concerning Springfield, Mass, see Mason A. Green’s History of Springfield, pp. 470, 471. For the sentiment of New Bedford, see Ellis’s History of New Bedford, pp. 306, 307.

87 Letter of the Rev. O. B. Cheney, Pawtuxet, R.I., Apr. 8, 1896.

88 Letter of Mr. Brown Thurston, Portland, Me., Oct. 21, 1895.

89 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 63; Alexander Black, The Story of Ohio, see account of the Underground Railroad.

90 Letter of Col. D. W. H. Howard, Wauseon, O., Aug. 22, 1894.

91 Conversation with Robert McCrory, Marysville, O., Sept. 30, 1898. Mr. McCrory was educated at Oberlin College, and has an excellent memory.

92 Howe’s Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. I, p. 614.

93 Letter from Job Mullin, dictated to his son-in-law, W. H. Newport, at Springboro, O., Sept. 9, 1895.

94 Conversation with Mr. Eliakim H. Moore, Athens, O.

95 Conversation with Joseph Skillgess, Urbana, O., Aug. 14, 1894.

96 Letter of Wm. A. Johnston, Coshocton, O., Aug. 23, 1894.

97 Letter of Hannah W. Blackburn, for her father, Mahlon Pickrell, Zanesfield, O., March 25, 1893.

98 Letter of R. C. Corwin, Lebanon, O., Sept. 11, 1895.

99 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 34.

100 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 34 et seq.

101 Stephen B. Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery, p. 242.

102 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, 2d ed., pp. 20, 21.

103 Letter from John F. Williams, Economy, Ind., March 21, 1893. When this letter was written, Mr. Williams was eighty-one years old. He was, he says, born in 1812. In 1820 he would have been eight years old. Children were sometimes sent to carry food to refugees in hiding, or to do other little services with which they could be safely trusted. Such experiences were apt to make deep impressions on their young memories.

104 Letter from H. B. Leeper, Princeton, Ill., received Dec. 19, 1895. Mr. Leeper is seventy-five years of age. His letter shows a knowledge of the localities of which he writes, Bond County in southwestern Illinois, and Bureau and Putnam Counties in the central part of the state.

105 Letter from Professor L. F. Parker, Grinnell, Iowa, Aug. 30, 1894.

106 Letter from Professor James E. Todd, Vermillion, South Dakota, Nov. 6, 1894. Professor Todd is the son of the Rev. John Todd.
The Tabor Beacon, 1890, 1891, contains a series of reminiscences from the pen of the Rev. John Todd. The first of these recounts the first arrival of fugitives in July, 1854.

107 S. G. Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, 1864, pages 11, 12.

108 G. M. Weston, Progress of Slavery in the United States, Washington, D.C., 1858, p. 22.

109 Some conclusions presented in the American Historical Review, April, 1896, pp. 460-462, are here repeated.

110 R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 34, 35.

111 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 35.

112 The Underground Railroad, pp. 4, 5.

113 The date of the act is February 26, 1839.

114 See an article entitled “An Underground Railway,” by Robert W. Carroll, of Cincinnati, O., in the Cincinnati Times-Star, Aug. 19, 1890; also Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 182; and J. B. Robinson, Pictures of Slavery and Anti-Slavery, pp. 293, 294.

115 History of Henry County, Indiana, p. 126 et seq.

116 Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, p. 19.

117 Ibid., p. 18.

118 Lydia Maria Child, Life of Isaac T. Hopper, pp. 388, 389.

119 See President Fairchild’s pamphlet, The Underground Railroad.

120 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 139.

121 History of Knox County, Ill., pp. 213, 214. Mr. Kightlinger’s account of this affair is published under his own name.

122 The original letter is in the possession of the author of this book.

123 The Tabor Beacon, 1890, 1891, Chapter XXI of a series of articles by the Rev. John Todd, on “The Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa.” Mr. Todd was one of the early settlers of western Iowa. The letters were received from his son, Professor James E. Todd, of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, S. Dak.

124 Letter of Mr. Sturgis Williams, Percival, Ia., 1894. Mr. Williams was also one of the pioneers of western Iowa.

125 History of Brown County, Ohio, p. 314.

126 The New Reign of Terror in the Slaveholding States, for 1859-1860 (Anti-Slavery Tracts, No. 4, New Series), pp. 49, 50.

127 Letter of Mrs. Mary C. Thorne, Selma, Clark Co., O., March 3, 1892. John Charles was an uncle of Mrs. Thorne.

128 The original memorandum is written in pencil on a letter received by Mr. Putnam from Mr. John Stone, of Belpre, O., in Aug., 1843. The contents of this letter, or message, is given on page 57. The original is in possession of the author.

129 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 20; also letter of S. J. Wright, Rushville, O., Aug. 29, 1894, and letter of Ira Thomas, Springboro, O., Oct. 29, 1895.

130 This owl signal was mentioned in conversation with several residents of Marietta. Miss Martha Putnam says she has heard her father make the “hoot-owl” call hundreds of times. General R. R. Dawes designates this call the “river signal.” “When I was a boy of eight,” he says, “I was visiting my grandfather, Judge Ephraim Cutler. The place was called Constitution. Somehow, in the night I was wakened up, and a wagon came down over the hill to the river. Then a call was given, a hoot-owl call, and this was answered by a similar one from the other side; then a boat went out and brought over the crowd. My mother got out of bed and kneeled down and prayed for them, and had me kneel with her.” Conversation with General Dawes, Marietta, O., Aug. 21, 1892.

131 Letter of the Rev. J. B. Lee, Franklinville, N.Y., Oct. 21, 1895.

132 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 46.

133 See the facsimile.

134 Letter of I. Newton Peirce, Folcroft, Sharon Hill P.O., Delaware Co., Pa., Feb. 1, 1893.

135 History of Clinton County, Iowa, article on the “Underground Railroad,” pp. 413-416.

136 J. B. Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years, p. 217.

137 Judge R. B. Harlan and others, History of Clinton County, Ohio, pp. 380-383; letter of Seth Linton, Oakland, Clinton County, O., Sept. 4, 1892; Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 187.

138 The Miami Union, April 10, 1895, article entitled “A Reminiscence of Slave Times.”

139 Letter of Mrs. C. Grant, Pomeroy, Meigs Co., O.

140 The Republican Leader, March 16, 1894, article, “Reminiscence of the Underground Railroad,” by E. H. Trueblood.

141 See Underground Railroad Records, pp. 46, 47.

142 Ibid., pp. 81-84; see also Narrative of Henry Box Brown, who escaped from slavery enclosed in a box 3 feet long and 2 wide, written from a statement of facts made by himself, 1849, by Charles Stearns.

143 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 138, 139.

144 The Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 24, 25; see also the Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893, p. 33.

145 Conversation with James W. Torrence, Northwood, Logan Co., O., Sept. 22, 1894.

146 Letter of William I. Bowditch, Boston, Mass., April 5, 1893.

147 Letter of John Weldon, Dwight, Ill., Nov. 7, 1895.

148 History of Darke County, Ohio, p. 332 et seq.

149 Letter of Thomas L. Smith, Fredericksburg, Wayne Co., O., Oct. 6, 1894.

150 Letter of J. E. Platt, Guthrie, Ok., March 28, 1896. Mr. Platt is a son of Deacon Jirch Platt.

151 Letter of William H. Collins, Quincy, Ill., Jan. 13, 1896.

152 Conversation with J. Addison Giddings, Jefferson, O.

153 Letter of Lewis Ford, Boston, Mass. See also Reminiscences of Fugitive Slave Law Days in Boston, by Austin Bearse, 1880, p. 12.

154 Letter of John Weldon, Dwight, Ill., Jan. 10, 1896.

155 Letter of the Rev. J. E. Roy, Chicago, Ill., April 9, 1896.

156 W. G. Deshler and others, Memorial on the Death of James M. Westwater, pp. 14, 15.

157 Letter of E. H. Trueblood, Hitchcock, Ind.

158 Letter of E. F. Brown, Amesville, O.

159 Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, Feb. 11, 1894, article by W. Eldebe.

160 Letter of Professor George Churchill, Galesburg, Jan. 29, 1896.

161 Conversation with Gabe N. Johnson, Ironton, O., Sept. 30, 1894.

162 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 242.

163 Letter of Valentine Nicholson, Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 10, 1892.

164 The Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, p. 10.

165 Ibid., p 34. et seq.

166 Letter from Mr. Sidney Speed, Crawfordsville, Ind., March 6, 1896.

167 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, pp. 439-442.

168 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 61.

169 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 244.

170 Spark’s Washington, IX, 158, quoted in Quakers of Pennsylvania, by Dr. A. C. Applegarth, Johns Hopkins Studies, X, 463.

171 The letter from which this quotation is made will be found in Underground Railroad, by R. C. Smedley, pp. 355, 356.

172 The italics are my own.

173 Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, pp. 103, 104; see also the Reminiscences of Levi Coffin.

174 George H. Woodruff, History of Will County, Illinois, p. 268.

175 Conversation with J. R. Ware, and with the daughter of Mr. Hyde, Mrs. Amanda Shepherd, Mechanicsburg, O., Sept. 7, 1895; conversation with Major Joseph C. Brand, Urbana, O., Aug. 13, 1894.

176 Conversation with George W. S. Lucas, Salem, Columbiana Co., Aug. 14, 1892, when he was fifty-nine years old. He was remarkably clear and convincing in his statements, many of which have since been corroborated. Citizens of Salem referred to him as a reliable source of information.

177 Letter from George L. Burroughes, Cairo, Ill., Jan. 6, 1896. Mr. Burroughes said that Mr. Robert Delany, a friend from Canada, proposed to him that they both take an agency for the Underground Railroad. Delany took the Rock Island route and Burroughes the Cairo route.

178 Letter of Martin I. Townsend, Troy, N.Y., Sept. 4, 1896. Mr. Townsend was counsel for the fugitive, Charles Nalle, in the Nalle or Troy Rescue case. See the little book entitled, Harriet, the Moses of Her People, 2d ed., p. 146; see also History of the County of Albany, New York, from 1609-1886, p. 725.

179 Conversation with Judge J. W. Finney, Detroit, Mich., July 27, 1897.

180 Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, pp. 92, 93.

181 Frederick Douglass relates that when he escaped from Maryland to New York, in 1838, he was befriended by David Ruggles, the secretary of the New York Vigilance Committee; Life of Frederick Douglass, 1881, p. 205.

182 The Rev. J. W. Loguen gives the names of the committee in his autobiography, p. 396.

183 Samuel J. May, Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, pp. 349-364; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in the United States, Vol. II, pp. 305, 306.

184 Ibid., p. 308. The list of members of the Committee of Vigilance given by Austin Bearse, the doorkeeper of the Committee, contains two hundred and nine names. Among these are A. Bronson Alcott, Edward Atkinson, Henry I. Bowditch, Richard H. Dana, Jr., Lewis Hayden, William Lloyd Garrison, Samuel G. Howe, Francis Jackson, Ellis Gray Loring, James Russell Lowell, Theodore Parker, Edmund Quincy and others of distinction. See pp. 3, 4, 5, 6, in Mr. Bearse’s Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave-Law Days in Boston.

185 For much valuable material relating to the Vigilance Committee of Boston, see Theodore Parker’s Scrap-Book, in the Boston Public Library.

186 Mr. Bearse says: “There were printed tickets of notice which I delivered to each member in person, if possible, of which the following copies are specimens:
‘Boston, June 7, 1854.
There will be a meeting of the Vigilance Committee at the Meionaon (Tremont Temple), on Thursday evening, June 8, at half-past seven.
Pass in by the Office Entrance, and through the Meionaon Ante-Room.
Theodore Parker, Chairman of Executive Committees.’
‘Vigilance Committee! The members of the Vigilance Committee are hereby notified to meet at —— ——
By order of the Committee,
A. Bearse, Doorkeeper.’”
—Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave-Law Days in Boston, pp. 15, 16.

187 Ibid., p. 14.

188 Judg. vii. 3; Deut. xx. 8; referred to by Brown in his “Agreement and Rules.”

189 F. B. Sanborn, in his Life and Letters of John Brown, pp. 125, 126, gives the agreement, rules, and signatures. See also R. J. Hinton’s John Brown and His Men, Appendix, pp. 585, 588.

190 Mason A. Green, History of Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636-1886, p. 506.

191 Article, “Meeting to Form a Vigilance Committee,” in the Pennsylvania Freeman, Dec. 9, 1852; quoted in Underground Railroad Records, by William Still, pp. 610-612.

192 Still’s Underground Railroad Records, p. 177. References to the action of the committee of which Mr. Still was chairman will be found scattered through the Records. See, for example, pp. 70, 98, 102, 131, 150, 162, 173, 176, 204, 224, 274, 275, 303, 325, 335, 388, 412, 449, 493, 500.

193 Conversation with Asbury Parker, Ironton, O., Sept. 30, 1894.

194 Conversation with Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 3, 1895.

195 Reminiscences, p. 178.

196 Conversation with M. J. Benedict, Alum Creek Settlement, Dec. 2, 1893. See also Underground Railroad, Smedley, pp. 56, 136, 142, 174.

197 Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave, written by himself, 2d ed., 1848, p. 102.

198 The letter is printed in full, together with other letters, in Still’s Underground Railroad Records, pp. 590, 591.

199 Levi Coffin, Reminiscences, p. 316.

200 Protectionist, Arnold Buffum, Editor, New Garden, Ind., 7th mo., 1st, 1841.

201 Reminiscences, pp. 317, 321.

202 Still’s Underground Railroad Records, p. 613.

203 Ibid., p. 598. In the fragment of a letter from which Mr. Still quotes, Mr. Douglass says, “They [the fugitives] usually tarry with us only during the night, and are forwarded to Canada by the morning train. We give them supper, lodging, and breakfast, pay their expenses, and give them a half-dollar over.”

204 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 21.

205 Ibid., pp. 23, 57, 79.

206 Ibid., p. 74. The “Three C’s” is now the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, or “Big Four” Route.

207 Conversation with Thomas Williams, of Pennsville, O.; letter of H. C. Harvey, Manchester, Kan., Jan. 16, 1893.

208 Letter of I. Newton Peirce, Folcroft, Pa., Feb. 1, 1893.

209 Letter of Sidney Speed, Crawfordsville, Ind., March 6, 1896. Mr. Speed and his father were both connected with the Crawfordsville centre.

210 Life and Poems of John Howard Bryant, p. 30; letter of William H. Collins, Quincy, Ill., Jan. 13, 1896; History of Knox County, Illinois, p. 211.

211 Letter of George L. Burroughes, Cairo, Ill., Jan. 6, 1896.

212 Ibid.; conversation with the Rev. R. G. Ramsey, Cadiz, O., Aug. 18, 1892.

213 J. B. Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years, p. 216.

214 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 174, 176, 177, 365. The following letter is in point:—
“Schuylkill, 11th Mo., 7th, 1857.
William Still, Respected Friend:—There are three colored friends at my house now, who will reach the city by the Philadelphia and Reading train this evening. Please meet them.
Thine, etc.,
E. F. Pennypacker.”

215 Letter of John W. Jones, Elmira, N.Y., Jan. 18, 1897.

216 Letter of the Hon. Andrew D. White, Ithaca, N.Y., April 10, 1897.

217 Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, pp. 28, 38.

218 Letter of William I. Bowditch, Boston, April 5, 1893. Mr. Bowditch says: “Generally I passed them (the fugitives) on to William Jackson, at Newton. His house being on the Worcester Railroad, he could easily forward any one.” Captain Austin Bearse, Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave Law Days in Boston, p. 37.

219 Letter of Brown Thurston, Portland, Me., Oct. 21, 1895.

220 Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, pp. 27, 30.

221 Austin Bearse, Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave Law Days in Boston, 1880, pp. 34-39.

222 Smedley, Underground Railroad, letter of Robert Purvis, of Philadelphia, p. 335.

223 Still, Underground Railroad Records, pp. 165-172. For other cases, see pp. 211, 379-381, 437, 558, 559-565.

224 See p. 312, Chapter X.

225 Letters of Brown Thurston, Portland, Me., Jan. 13, 1893, and Oct. 21, 1895.

226 For letters from Mr. Garrett to William Still, of the Acting Committee of Vigilance of Philadelphia, notifying him that fugitives had been sent by boat, see Still’s Underground Railroad Records, pp. 380, 387.

227 Letter of S. T. Pickard, Portland, Me., Nov. 18, 1893.

228 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. 368; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 325; New England Magazine, January, 1890, p. 580.

229 Letter of A. P. Dutton, of Racine, Wis., April 7, 1896. As a shipper of grain and an abolitionist for twenty years in Racine, Mr. Dutton was able to turn his dock into a place of deportation for runaway slaves.

230 A. J. Andreas, History of Chicago, Vol. I, p. 606.

231 Letter of Mr. Weiblen, Fairview, Erie Co., Pa., Nov. 26, 1895.

232 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 46.

233 Ibid., p. 50.

234 The names of the last six boats given, as well as several of the others, were obtained from freedmen in Canada, who keep them in grateful remembrance.

235 Narrative of William W. Brown, by himself, 1848, pp. 107, 108.

236 Mr. Quincy’s report of the case, quoted by M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 35.

237 See p. 38.

238 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 356-361.

239 Levi Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 548-554.

240 This account is condensed from a report given in the Troy Whig, April 28, 1859, and printed in the book entitled, Harriet the Moses of Her People, pp. 143-149.

241 See Appendix E, pp. 403-439.

242 William Birney, James G. Birney and His Times, p. 435.

243 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 56.

244 Letter of Mrs. Pamela S. Thomas, Schoolcraft, Mich., March 25, 1896.

245 Letter of Mrs. Laura S. Haviland, Englewood, Ill., June 5, 1893.

246 Letter of M. M. Fisher, Medway, Mass., Oct. 23, 1893.

247 E. G. Mason, Early Chicago and Illinois, 1890, p. 110.

248 Letter of Sarah C. Pennypacker, Schuylkill, Pa., June 8, 1896.

249 Letter of H. B. Leeper, Princeton, Ill., Dec. 19, 1895.

250 Letter of E. S. Hill, Atlantic, Ia., Oct. 30, 1894.

251 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 67.

252 Letter of W. D. Schooley, Nov. 15, 1893.

253 Letter of James H. Frazee, Milton, Ind., Feb. 3, 1894.

254 Henry Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. I, p. 335. See also History of Brown County, Ohio, p. 443.

255 History of Franklin and Pickaway Counties, Ohio, p. 424.

256 Letter of Dr. N. B. Sisson, Porter, Gallia Co., O., Sept. 16, 1894.

257 Letter of Gabe N. Johnson, Ironton, O., November, 1894.

258 Article in the New Lexington (O.) Tribune, signed “W. A. D.,” fall of 1885; exact date unknown.

259 Henry Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, p. 380.

260 Fairchild, The Underground Railroad, Vol. IV; Tract No. 87, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 97.

261 Deut. xxiii, 15, 16.

262 Delivered in Melodeon Hall, Boston, Oct. 6, 1850. The Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850. See Vol. II, No. 2, of the Scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, compiled by Miss C. C. Thayer, Boston Public Library.

263 William Birney, James G. Birney and His Times, p. 435.

264 Letter of H. B. Leeper, Princeton, Ill., Dec. 19, 1895.

265 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 355.

266 Letter of Frederick Douglass, Cedar Hill, Anacostia, D.C., March 27, 1893. Mr. Douglass escaped from slavery in 1839.

267 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 13, 104, 105.

268 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 7, 8, and the references there given.

269 Letter of Colonel D. W. H. Howard, Wauseon, O., Aug. 22, 1894.

270 See Chapter VII, p. 203.

271 Conversation with the Hon. James M. Ashley, Toledo, O., August, 1894.

272 Narrative of Lyman Goodnow in History of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, p. 462.

273 See p. 355, Chapter XI.

274 S. B. Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery, p. 198.

275 American Church History, Vol. XII; see article on “The Society of Friends,” by Professor A. C. Thomas, pp. 242-248; also Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery, pp. 198-219.

276 H. N. McTyeire, D.D., History of Methodism, 1887, pp. 375, 536, 601, 611.

277 Conversation with Major J. C. Brand, Urbana, O., Aug. 13, 1894.

278 Conversation with Thomas M. Hazlett, Freeport, Harrison Co., O., Aug. 18, 1895.

279 Conversation with Mrs. Mary B. Carson, Piqua, O., Aug. 30, 1895.

280 Letter of Professor F. L. Parker, Grinnell, Ia., Sept. 30, 1894.

281 Wm. B. Sprague, D.D., Annals of the American Pulpit, Vol. IV, 1858, p. 137; Robert E. Thompson, D.D., History of the Presbyterian Churches in the United States, 1895, p. 122.

282 Robert E. Thompson, D.D., History of the Presbyterian Churches in the United States, 1895, pp. 136, 137.

283 Address by J. C. Leggett, in a pamphlet entitled Rev. John Rankin, 1892, p. 9.

284 Letter of Mrs. A. M. Buchanan, Savannah, O., 1893; conversation with Thomas L. Smith, Fredericksburg, Wayne Co., O., Aug. 15, 1895.

285 Professor George Churchill, in The Republican Register, Galesburg, Ill., March 5, 1887.

286 Charles C. Chapman & Co., History of Knox County, Illinois, p. 210.

287 Joseph S. White, Note-book containing “Some Reminiscences of Slavery Times,” New Castle, Pa., March 23, 1891.

288 James H. Fairchild, D.D., The Underground Railroad, Vol. IV of publications of the Western Reserve Historical Society, Tract No. 87, p. 111.

289 See the general map.

290 James H. Fairchild, D.D., Oberlin, the Colony and the College, p. 117.

291 Ibid., p. 116. See also Henry Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, p. 383.

292 Letter of President W. M. Brooks, Tabor, Ia., Oct. 11, 1894.

293 I. B. Richman, John Brown Among the Quakers, and Other Sketches, p. 15.

294 Letter of Professor L. F. Parker, Grinnell, Iowa, Sept. 30, 1894.

295 J. B. Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years, p. 87.

296 Letter of Professor L. F. Parker, Grinnell, Iowa, Sept. 30, 1894.

297 Conversation with Professor Henry H. Barber, of Meadville, Pa., in Cambridge, Mass., June, 1897.

298 Theodore Parker’s Scrap-book, Boston Public Library.

299 This view agrees with the testimony gathered by correspondence from surviving abolitionists.

300 This statement is based on a mass of correspondence.

301 Professor A. C. Thomas on “The Society of Friends,” in American Church History, Vol. XII, 1894, pp. 284, 285.

302 Oliver Johnson, William Lloyd Garrison and His Times, 1879, p. 322.

303 Professor A. C. Thomas, in American Church History, Vol. XII, p. 285.

304 Life of Garrison, by his children, Vol. I, p. 455.

305 Ibid., Vol. III, p. 412.

306 Oliver Johnson, William Lloyd Garrison and His Times, p. 310.

307 History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850, Vol. I, p. 75.

308 Letter of N. L. Van Sandt, Clarinda, Iowa. (Mr. N. L. Van Sandt is the son of John Van Zandt.) See also Wilson’s Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. I, pp. 475, 476; T. R. Cobb, Historical Sketches of Slavery, p. 207; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 42.

309 See pp. 274, 275, Chapter IX.

310 Pamphlet proposing a “Defensive League of Freedom,” signed by Ellis Gray Loring and others, of Boston, pp. 5, 6. See Chapter IX, p. 275.

311 Ibid.

312 5 McLean’s United States Reports, p. 64 et seq.; see also The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888; account by Rush R. Sloane, pp. 47-49; account by H. F. Paden, pp. 21, 22; Chapter IX, pp. 276, 277.

313 Commonwealth, June 28, 1854; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 45, 46; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 443, 444. See Chapter X, pp. 331-333.

314 Pamphlet proposing a “Defensive League of Freedom,” pp. 1, 3, 11 and 12.

315 Letter of Frederick Douglass, Anacostia, D.C., March 27, 1893.

316 Life of Frederick Douglass, 1881, p. 271.

317 Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, pp. 30-44, 67-71, 121-132; also letters of Alexander M. Ross, Toronto, Ont.

318 Conversations with Professor N. S. Townshend, Columbus, O.

319 Conversation with Miss Mary L. Morse, Poland, O., Aug. 11, 1892; letter of Mrs. Emma Kirtland Hine, Poland, O., Jan. 23, 1897.

320 See Chapter X, pp.

[321] Letter of T. W. Higginson, Dublin, N.H., July 24, 1896.

322 Conversation with J. Addison Giddings, Jefferson, O., Aug. 9, 1892.

323 Letter of I. Newton Peirce, Folcroft, Sharon Hill P.O., Pa., Feb. 1, 1893.

324 George W. Julian, The Life of Joshua R. Giddings, 1892, p. 289.

325 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 36, 38, 46.

326 Conversation with the Hon. James M. Ashley, Toledo, O., July, 1894.

327 Conversation with ex-Governor Sidney Edgerton, Akron, O., Aug. 16, 1895.

328 Conversation with Judge J. W. Finney, Detroit, Mich., July 27, 1895.

329 Letter of S. T. Pickard, Portland, Me., Nov. 18, 1893.

330 Letter of Aldis O. Brainerd, St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 21, 1895.

331 Letter of Joseph Poland, Montpelier, Vt., April 7, 1897.

332 O. B. Frothingham, Life of Gerrit Smith; National Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. II, pp. 322, 323.

333 Pamphlet of the Rev. D. Heagle, entitled The Great Anti-Slavery Agitator, Hon. Owen Lovejoy, pp. 16, 17, 34, 35.

334 J. B. Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years, p. 207.

335 Ibid., pp. 217, 218.

336 T. W. Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, 1884, Vol. II, p. 238.

337 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 52.

338 William Birney, James G. Birney and His Times, p. 435.

339 J. C. Leggett, in a pamphlet entitled Rev. John Rankin, 1892, pp. 8, 9; see also History of Brown County, Ohio, p. 443.

340 Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.

341 John Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, 1864, p. 95.

342 John Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, 1864, p. 96.

343 Lillie B. C. Wyman, in New England Magazine, March, 1896, p. 112; William Still, Underground Railroad Records, pp. 623-641; R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 237-245; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 60.

344 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, 2d ed., p. 694.

345 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 712.

346 Anti-Slavery Days, p. 81; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 61.

347 Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 66.

348 Ibid., p. 68.

349 John Brown and His Men, p. 173.

350 See pp. 123-125, this chapter.

[351] Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, pp. 296, 297.

352 Southern Quakers and Slavery, p. 242.

353 Ibid., p. 242. See also Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, pp. 12-31.

354 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 238, 244.

355 Ibid., p. 326.

356 Letter of John Hunn, Wyoming, Del., Sept. 16, 1893.

357 In the Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the facsimile of a letter addressed to him by a slave, pp. 171, 172.

358 R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 355, letter from Robert Purvis printed therein.

359 Chapter III, p. 68.

360 Wm. Still, Underground Railroad, p. 41. “The Underground Railroad brought away large numbers of passengers from Richmond, Petersburg, and Norfolk, and not a few of them lived comparatively within a hair’s breadth of the auction block.” Wm. Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. 141.

361 Conversation with Mrs. Elizabeth Cooley, a fugitive from Norfolk, Va., Boston, Mass., April 8, 1897.

362 Letter of Frederick Douglass, Anacostia, D.C., March 27, 1893.

363 Conversation with Mrs. Tubman, Boston, Mass., April 8, 1897.

364 R. J. Hinton, John Brown and His Men, pp. 172, 173.

365 Harriet Tubman has told the author that she did not travel by the mountain route. In his book entitled The Underground Railroad (p. 37), Mr. R. C. Smedley illustrates the value of the Alleghanies to the slaves of the regions through which they extend: “William and Phœbe Wright resided during their entire lives in a very old settlement of Friends, near the southern slope of South Mountain, a spur of the Alleghanies, which extends into Tennessee. This location placed them directly in the way to render great and valuable aid to fugitives, as hundreds, guided by that mountain range northward, came into Pennsylvania, and were directed to their home.”

366 Underground Railroad, p. 36.

367 See pp. 33 and 34, Chapter II.

368 R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. For a description of the routes of this region, our dependence is almost wholly upon Mr. Smedley, whose intimate knowledge of them was obtained by conversation and correspondence with many of the operators. Ibid., Preface, p. x.

369 The special map of these counties will be found in a corner of the general map.

370 The Underground Railroad, p. 209. For a description of the secret paths in southeastern Pennsylvania, see Smedley’s book, pp. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 50, 53, 77, 85, 89, 90, 100, 132, 137, 142, 164, 172, 191, 192, 208, 217, 218, 219, etc.

371 Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y., Aug. 27, and Sept. 14 and 23, 1896; letters of John W. Jones, Elmira, N.Y., Dec. 17, 1896, and Jan. 16, 1897.

372 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 91.

373 See the general map.

374 Article by Dr. Magill, entitled “When Men were Sold. The Underground Railroad in Bucks County,” in The Bucks County Intelligencer, Feb. 3, 1898. Same article in the Friends’ Intelligencer, Feb. 26, 1898.

375 Letter of Horace Brewster, Montrose, Pa., March 20, 1898.

376 Letter of Mr. Jolliffe, Nov. 17, 1895.

377 Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895; letter of S. P. Stewart, Clark, Mercer Co., Pa., Dec. 26, 1895; letter of W. W. Walker, Makanda, Jackson Co., Ill., March 14, 1896; note-book of Joseph S. White, of New Castle, Pa., containing “Some Reminiscences of Slavery Times.”

378 Letters of C. P. Rank, Cush Creek, Indiana Co., Pa., Dec. 25, 1896, and Jan. 4, 1897; letter of William Atcheson, DuBois, Pa., Jan. 11, 1897.

379 Letter of Wyett Perry, Bedford, Pa., Dec. 23, 1895; letter of John W. Rouse, Bedford, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895; letter of William M. Hall, Bedford, Pa., Nov. 30, 1895.

380 Conversation with William Edwards, Amherstburg, Ont., Aug. 3, 1895.

381 Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.

382 Conversation with Mr. Purvis, Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1895.

383 Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, 1879, Preface, p. xvi.

384 Ibid., p. xiv.

385 Ibid., p. 34.

386 Letter of Frederick Douglass, Cedar Hill, Anacostia, D.C., March 27, 1893.

387 Letter of Joseph A. Allen, Medfield, Mass., Aug. 10, 1896.

388 Letter of Florence and Cordelia H. Ray, Woodside, L.I., April 12, 1897. See Sketch of the Life of Rev. Chas. B. Ray, written by the Misses Ray.

389 Letters of Martin I. Townsend, Troy, N.Y., Sept. 4 and 15, 1896.

390 C. F. Adams, Life of Richard Henry Dana, Vol. I, p. 155; History of Madison County, New York, by Mrs. L. M. Hammond, p. 721.

391 O. B. Frothingham, Life of Gerrit Smith, pp. 113, 114.

392 Letter of O. J. Russell, Pulaski, N.Y., July 29, 1896.

393 Mr. George C. Bragdon writes concerning the runaways harbored by his father, near Port Ontario: “I believe they usually went to Cape Vincent, near the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and were taken over to Canada from there.... I believe some of the slaves received by him were sent on from Peterboro by Gerrit Smith to Asa S. Wing or James C. Jackson (Mexico), and came from them to our house. They steered clear of the villages, as a rule. Our farm was favorably situated for concealing them and helping them on.” Letter of George C. Bragdon, Rochester, N.Y., Aug. 11, 1896.

394 The fugitive Jerry McHenry, after his rescue in Syracuse, was hurried to Mexico, thence to Oswego, and from this point was transported across the lake to Kingston. May, Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, pp. 378, 379.

395 Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N. Y., Sept. 14 and 23, 1896. Mrs. Crane is a daughter of Mr. Jervis Langdon mentioned in the text; letter of John W. Jones, Elmira, N. Y., Dec. 14, 1896.

396 A number of the stations along the lake shore are named in the sketches called “Romances and Realities of the Underground Railroad,” by H. U. Johnson, printed in the Lakeshore and Home Magazine, 1885-1887.

397 E. M. Pettit, in Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 30, 31, 32, gives an instance of the use of this route.

398 See p. 120, this chapter.

[399] Letter of Mr. Andrews, Providence, R.I., April, 1895.

400 Pp. 470, 471.

401 Letter of Mr. Gunn, Montague, Mass., Nov. 23, 1895.

402 Letter of Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven, Conn., Jan. 27, 1896; letter of Simeon D. Gilbert, New Haven, Conn., Feb. 27, 1896.

403 Letter of D. W. C. Pond, New Britain, Conn. Mr. Pond is one of the surviving agents of New Britain.

404 Letters of George B. Wakeman, Montour Falls, N.Y., April 21 and Sept. 26, 1896. Letter of the Rev. Erastus Blakeslee, Boston, Mass., Aug. 28, 1896.

405 The stations, as indicated on the map, are named in letters from L. S. Abell and Charles Parsons, Conway, Mass.; C. Barrus, Springfield, Mass.; Judge D. W. Bond, Cambridge, Mass.; and Arthur G. Hill, Boston, Mass. See also article on “The Underground Railway,” by Joseph Marsh, in the History of Florence, Massachusetts, pp. 165-167.

406 Letter of Mr. Fisher, Oct. 23, 1893.

407 Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, pp. 27, 28.

408 Letter of Mr. Young, Groton, Mass., April 21, 1893.

409 Letter of Mr. Robinson, Ferrisburg, Vt., Aug. 19, 1896; letter of Mr. Poland, Montpelier, Vt., April 12, 1897.

410 Letter of Mr. Brainerd, St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 21, 1895.

411 Letters of Mrs. Abijah Keith, Chicago, Ill., March 28, and April 4, 1897; letters of Mr. Poland, April 7 and 12, 1897.

412 Letter of James S. Rogers, Chicago, Ill., April 17, 1897.

413 Letters of Joel Fox, Willimantic, Conn., July 30, 1896, and Aug. 3, 1896.

414 Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.

415 “In Boston there were many places where fugitives were received and taken care of. Every anti-slavery man was ready to protect them, and among these were some families not known to be anti-slavery.” James Freeman Clarke, Anti-Slavery Days, p. 86.

416 Letter of Mr. Bowditch, Boston, April 5, 1893.

417 Letter of Mr. Higginson, Glimpsewood, Dublin, N.H., July 24, 1896.

418 T. W. Higginson, Atlantic Monthly, March, 1897.

419 Article on “The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Workings,” in Fitchburg Daily Sentinel, Oct. 31, 1893.

420 Letter of Mr. F. B. Sanborn, Concord, Mass., Feb. 1, 1896, states that “Concord was a place of resort for fugitives.” Letter of Mr. S. Shurtleff, South Paris, Me., May 25, 1896, states that “The direct line of the Underground Railroad was from Boston through Vermont, via St. Albans.”

421 Atlantic Monthly, March, 1897, p. 345; Fitchburg Daily Sentinel, Oct. 31, 1893; letter of Mr. Sanborn, Concord, Mass., Feb. 1, 1896.

422 Letter of Mr. Dodge, March, 1893.

423 Letter of Mr. Putnam, Lynn, Mass., Feb. 14, 1894.

424 Old Anti-Slavery Days, p. 150.

425 Letter of David Mead, Davenport, Mass., Nov. 3, 1893.

426 Letter of Judge Mellen Chamberlain, Chelsea, Mass., Feb. 1, 1896.

427 Letter of C. E. Lord, Franklin, Pa., July 6, 1896.

428 Letter of D. L. Brigham, Manchester, Mass., Nov. 16, 1893; letter of Professor Marshall S. Snow, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., April 28, 1896.

429 Letter of Mr. Pickard, Portland, Me., Nov. 18, 1893.

430 Letter of Mr. Thurston, Jan. 13, 1893.

431 Letter of Mr. Thurston, Oct. 21, 1895; letter of Aaron Dunn, South Paris, Me., April 9, 1896.

432 Letter of J. Milton Hall, April 30, 1897.

433 Letter of S. Shurtleff, May 25, 1896.

434 Letter of Mr. Cheney, Pawtuxet, R.I., April 8, 1896.

435 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 67.

436 Corroborative evidence as regards the routes of Morgan County is found in letters from the following persons: E. M. Stanberry, McConnellsville, O., Nov. 1, 1892; T. L. Gray, Deavertown, O., Dec. 2, 1892; Martha Millions, Pennsville, O., March 9, 1892; E. R. Brown, Sugar Grove, O.; H. C. Harvey, Manchester, Kan., Jan. 16, 1893.

437 For these features see the general map.

438 See p. 129, this chapter.

[439] See the language of Jefferson Davis, quoted on p. 312, Chapter X; letter of A. P. Dutton, Racine, Wis., April 7, 1896; E. M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 29, 30, 31; letter of Florence and Cordelia H. Ray, referred to on p. 126, this chapter.

[440] Letter of Mr. Cavins, Dec. 5, 1895.

441 Conversation with James Bayliss, Massillon, O., Aug. 15, 1895.

442 Letter of Brown Thurston, Portland, Me., Oct. 21, 1895.

443 See p. 80, Chapter III.

444 Underground Railroad, p. 174. See also pp. 176, 177.

445 Ibid., pp. 364, 365.
The following letter from Mr. Pennypacker to Mr. Still explains itself:
“Schuylkill, 11th Mo., 7th, 1857.
William Still, Respected Friend,—There are three colored friends at my house now, who will reach the city by the Philadelphia and Reading train this evening. Please meet them.
Thine, etc., E. F. Pennypacker.
We have within the past two months passed forty-three through our hands, transported most of them to Norristown in our own conveyance. E. F. P.”

446 Letter of Mr. Jones, Elmira, N.Y., Jan. 16, 1897.

447 See p. 78, Chapter III.

448 Letter of Mr. Peirce, Folcroft, Delaware Co., Pa., Feb. 1, 1893.

449 See p. 79, Chapter III.

450 Ibid.

451 Life and Poems of John Howard Bryant, p. 30. Mr. Bryant made a practice of receiving fugitives in his house in Princeton, Ill.

452 Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences, p. 27.

453 Ibid., pp. 28, 30.

454 R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 355.

455 Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave Law Days in Boston, pp. 34, 36, 37.

456 William Still, Underground Railroad Records, pp. 77, 142, 151, 163, 165, 211, etc.

457 Letter of James S. Rogers, Chicago, Ill., April 17, 1897.

458 Letter of Brown Thurston, Portland, Me., Oct. 21, 1895.

459 Letter of Aldis O. Brainerd, St. Albans, Vt., Oct. 21, 1895.

460 “They crossed at Detroit and at Niagara and at Ogdensburg. Of those in New England, some went up through Vermont, some fled to Maine, and crossed over into New Brunswick.” F. W. Seward, Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State, Vol. I, p. 170.

461 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, pp. 80, 81.

462 Silas Farmer, History of Detroit and Michigan, p. 346.

463 Edward G. Mason, Early Chicago and Illinois, p. 110.

464 See Chapter III, pp. 82, 83.

465 Letter of John G. Weiblen, Fairview, Erie Co., Pa., Nov. 26, 1895.

466 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 77.

467 Conversation with Nelson Watrous, Harbor, O., Aug. 8, 1892; conversation with J. D. Hulbert, Harbor, O., Aug. 7, 1892.

468 The following incident given by Mr. Rush R. Sloane will serve as an illustration: “In the summer of 1853, four fugitives arrived at Sandusky.
... Mr. John Irvine... had arranged for a ‘sharpee,’ a small sail-boat
used by fishermen, with one George Sweigels, to sail the boat to Canada with this party, for which service Captain Sweigels was to receive thirty-five dollars. One man accompanied Captain Sweigels, and at eight o’clock in the evening this party in this small boat started to cross Lake Erie. The wind was favorable, and before morning Point au Pelee Island was reached, and the next day the four escaped fugitives were in Canada.” The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, pp. 49, 50.

469 History of Brown County, Ohio, p. 315.

470 Conversation with ex-President James H. Fairchild, Oberlin, O., Aug. 3, 1892.

471 See the Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.

472 Conversation with Mrs. Joel Woods, at Martin’s Ferry, Aug. 19, 1892.

473 Conversation with Judge Jesse W. Laird, Jackson, O., June, 1895.

474 Conversation with Mr. Robert Purvis, at Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1895.

475 Conversation with John Evans, at Windsor, Ont., C.W., Aug. 2, 1895; John Evans was a slave near Louisville, but was given his liberty in 1850, when his master became financially involved.

476 Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 11.

477 Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown, p. 229.

478 Letter from Mr. D. B. Hodge, Oct. 9, 1894.

479 Letter from Colonel N. C. Buswell, March 13, 1896.

480 Letter from Seth Linton.

481 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 39.

482 Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 304, 305; letter of Miss H. N. Wilson, College Hill, O., April 14, 1892.

483 Laura S. Haviland, A Woman’s Life Work, p. 199.
In a letter dated Lawrence, Kan., March 23, 1893, Mr. Fitch Reed gives some of the circumstances connected with the progress of this company through the last stages of its journey. He says: “In 1853, there came over the road twenty-eight in one gang, with a conductor by the name of Fairfield, from Virginia, who had aided in liberating all his father’s and uncle’s slaves, and there was a reward out for him of five hundred dollars, dead or alive. They had fifty-two rounds of arms, and were determined not to be taken alive. Four teams from my house [in Cambridge, Mich.] started at sunset, drove through Clinton after dark, got to Ypsilanti before daylight. Stayed at Bro. Ray’s through the day. At noon, Bro. M. Coe, from our station, got on the cars and went to Detroit, and left Ray to drive his team. Coe informed the friends of the situation, and made arrangements for their reception. The friends came out to meet them ten miles before we came to Detroit, piloted us to a large boarding-house by the side of the river. Two hundred abolitionists took breakfast with them just before daylight. We procured boats enough for Fairfield and his crew. As they pushed off from shore, they all commenced singing the song, ‘I am on my way to Canada, where colored men are free,’ and continued firing off their arms till out of hearing. At eight o’clock, the ferry-boats started, and the station-keepers went over and spent most of the day with them.”

484 Conversation with Jacob Cummings, Columbus, O., April, 1894.

485 Conversation with the daughter mentioned, now the wife of William Burghardt, Warsaw, N.Y., June, 1894. Article on the Underground Railroad in the History of Warsaw, New York.

486 Letter from N. A. Hunt, of Riverside, Cal., Feb. 12, 1891.

487 Quoted by Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 71.

488 Asbury, History of Quincy, p. 74. The account of the Burr, Work and Thompson case occupies pp. 72, 73 and 74 of Asbury’s volume.

489 E. Hicks Trueblood, “Reminiscences of the Underground Railroad,” in the Republican Leader, Salem, Ind., March 16, 1894.

490 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, or How the Way was Prepared. Edited from his manuscript. Pp. 1-7.

491 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 12-14.

492 Boston Weekly Transcript, Dec. 29, 1893.

493 The Chicago Tribune, Sunday, Jan. 29, 1893.

494 Ibid.

495 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 138, 144.

496 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 11, 104-143. See also the Chicago Tribune, Sunday, Jan. 29, 1893, p. 33.

497 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 10 and 11.

498 Letter dated Evansville, Ind., March 31, 1851. Printed in Still’s Underground Railroad Records, pp. 30, 31.

499 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. 31.

500 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. 35. Letter dated South Florence, Ala., Aug. 6, 1851.

501 Conversation with Samuel Harper and his wife, Jane Harper, the two surviving members of the company of slaves escorted to Canada by Brown in March, 1859. Their home since has been in or about Windsor. I found them there in the early part of August, 1895.

502 Halloway, History of Kansas. Quoted from John Brown’s letters, January, 1859 (pp. 539-545).

503 In a letter written by Brown, January, 1859, to the New York Tribune, in which paper it was published. It was also published in the Lawrence (Kansas) Republican. See Sanborn’s Life and Letters of John Brown, p. 481.

504 Sanborn, Life and Letters of John Brown, pp. 482, 483; also Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown, pp. 219, 220.

505 Irving B. Richman, John Brown among the Quakers, and Other Sketches, pp. 46, 47, 48.

506 Irving B. Richman, John Brown among the Quakers, and Other Sketches, pp. 46, 47, 48.

507 Sanborn, The Life and Letters of John Brown, p. 483. See the letter of “The Parallels.”

508 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, p. 221.

509 Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown, p. 221.

510 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, p. 222, note.

511 Life of Frederick Douglass, 1881, pp. 280, 281 and 318, 319. Also Hinton, John Brown and His Men, pp. 30, 31, 32.

512 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, Appendix, pp. 673, 674, 675. Also Redpath, The Public Life of Captain John Brown, pp. 203, 204, 206.

513 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 80.

514 Quoted by Wilson, in his History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 80.

515 Liberator, Aug. 15, 1845, “The Branded Hand,” quoted in part by Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 83; Whittier’s Poetical Works, Vol. III, Riverside edition, 1896, p. 114.

516 Reminiscences written by George W. Clark, by request, have been used to secure an intimate acquaintance with some of the men engaged in the underground service.

517 Laura S. Haviland, A Woman’s Life Work, pp. 91-110.

518 Personal Memoir of Daniel Drayton, 1853, p. 23.

519 Personal Memoir of Daniel Drayton, p. 102.

520 A. L. Benedict, Memoir of Richard Dillingham, 1852, p. 18. Also Harriet Beecher Stowe, A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, pp. 58, 59.

521 A. L. Benedict, Memoir of Richard Dillingham, p. 18.

522 This account of Richard Dillingham is based on the Memoir written by his friend, A. L. Benedict, a Quaker, and published in 1852. Abridged versions of this memoir will be found in the Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, Appendix, pp. 713-718; and Howe’s Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, p. 590.

523 Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, pp. 80-82.

524 A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1853, Boston edition of 1896, pp. 274, 275; also Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, 1858, chaps. xii, xiii.

525 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, chaps. xvi, xvii.

526 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, pp. 149, 150.

527 Ibid., pp. 162, 163.

528 The New Lexington (Ohio) Tribune, winter of 1885-1886. Some information in regard to Cheadle appears in a series of articles on the Underground Railroad contributed to this paper by Mr. Gray.

529 History of Morgan County, Ohio, 1886, published by Charles Robertson, M.D., article on the Underground Railroad.

530 Dr. Alexander Milton Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist; from 1855 to 1865, 2d ed., 1876, p. 3. The first edition of this book was issued in 1867. For this and other works of Mr. Ross see Prominent Men of Canada, pp. 118, 119, 120.

531 Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, p. 5.

532 Ibid., p. 8.

533 Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, pp. 10, 11, 12.

534 Ibid., pp. 37, 38, 39.

535 Mr. Richard J. Hinton in his book entitled John Brown and His Men, p. 171, while writing of Captain Brown’s convention at Chatham, Canada West, mentions Mr. Ross in the following words: “Dr. Alexander M. Ross of Toronto, Canada, physician and ornithologist, who is still living, honored by all who know him, then a young (white) man who devoted himself for years to aiding the American slave, was a frequent visitor to this section (Chatham). He was a faithful friend of John Brown, efficient as an ally, seeking to serve under all conditions of need and peril.”
More or less extended notices of Dr. Ross and his work have appeared during the past few years; for example, in the Toronto Globe, Dec. 3 and 10, 1892; in the Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art and Literature, May, 1896; and in the Chicago Daily Inter-Ocean, March 18, 1896.

536 The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, p. 44.

537 See p. 3, Chapter I.

538 Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, p. 20 et seq.

539 Sarah H. Bradford, Harriet the Moses of Her People, p. 76. See also Appendix, p. 137. These testimonials were given in 1868 and were printed in connection with a short biography of Harriet in the year mentioned. The first edition of this biography has not been accessible to me, but it is mentioned by the Rev. Samuel J. May in his Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, published the following year. The second edition of the book appeared in 1886.

540 Ibid., p. 139.

541 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, p. 173.

542 Mrs. Bradford, Harriet the Moses of Her People, p. 135.

543 Ibid., pp. 136, 137.

544 Ibid., p. 406.

545 James Freeman Clarke, Anti-Slavery Days, pp. 81, 82. Also M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 62.

546 Mrs. Bradford, Harriet the Moses of Her People, p. 39.

547 Mrs. Bradford, Harriet the Moses of Her People, pp. 83, 84.

548 Ibid., p. 61.

549 Mrs. Bradford, Harriet the Moses of Her People, Appendix, p. 142.

550 Lillie B. C. Wyman, in the New England Magazine, March, 1876, pp. 117, 118. Conversation with Harriet Tubman, Cambridge, Mass., April 8, 1897.

551 “A case of this kind,” says Dr. S. G. Howe, “was related to us by Mrs. Amy Martin. She says: “My father’s name was James Ford.... He... would be over one hundred years old, if he were now living.... He was held here (in Canada) by the Indians as a slave, and sold, I think he said, to a British officer, who was a very cruel master, and he escaped from him, and came to Ohio,... to Cleveland, I believe, first, and made his way from there to Erie (Pa.), where he settled.... When we were in Erie, we moved a little way out of the village, and our house was... a station of the U. G. R. R.” The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, by S. G. Howe, 1864, pp. 8, 9.

552 Act of 30th Geo. III.

553 See the article entitled “Slavery in Canada,” by J. C. Hamilton, LL.B., in the Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, pp. 233-236.

554 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 20.

555 Ibid., p. 60; R. C. Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 26.

556 S. G. Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 11, 12.

557 William Birney, James G. Birney and His Times, p. 435.

558 Mr. Gallatin to Mr. Clay, Sept. 26, 1827, Niles’ Register, p. 290.

559 Congressional Globe, Twenty-fifth Congress, Third Session, p. 34.

560 The Patriot War defeated a foolhardy attempt to induce the Province of Upper Canada to proclaim its independence. The refugees were by no means willing to see a movement begun, the success of which might “break the only arm interposed for their security.” J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, p. 344.

561 Nineteenth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, January, 1851, p. 67.

562 Interview with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ontario, July 31, 1895. On this point Dr. S. G. Howe says: “Of course it [the Fugitive Slave Law] gave great increase to the emigration, and free born blacks fled with the slaves from a land in which their birthright of freedom was no longer secure.” Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 15.

563 Independent, Jan. 18, 1855.

564 Independent, April 6, 1855; see also Von Holst’s Constitutional and Political History of the United States, Vol. V, p. 63, note.

565 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, 1856, p. 340.

566 Ibid., p. 91.

567 Detroit Sunday News Tribune, quoted by the Louisville Journal, Aug. 12, 1894.

568 Conversation with Henry Stevenson, Windsor, Ont., July, 1895.

569 Conversation with Elder Anthony Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

570 E. M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, pp. 66, 67. See also Chapter I, p. 14, and Chapter VI, p. 178.

571 Conversation with William Johnson, at Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

572 Conversation with Allen Sidney, Windsor, Ont.

573 Conversation with John Evans, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.

574 Conversation with John Reed, Windsor, Ont.

575 The Rev. J. W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman, 1859, told by himself; chap. xxiv, pp. 338, 340.

576 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 209.

577 Mission of Upper Canada, Vol. I, No. 17, Wed., July 31, 1839.

578 Ibid.

579 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.

580 May, Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 303.

581 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, p. 175.

582 Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 249, 250.

583 Ibid., p. 251.

584 Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.

585 Niles’ Register, Vol. XXV, p. 289.

586 Howe, Refugees in Canada West, p. 68.

587 Levi Coffin, Reminiscences, pp. 252, 253.

588 Benjamin Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 292.

589 George Bryce, Short History of the Canadian People, p. 403.

590 Benjamin Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 291.

591 S. G. Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 107, 108.

592 History of Knox County, Illinois (published by Charles C. Chapman and Co.), p. 203. Here it is stated: “Mr. Wilson arranged with the authorities to have all supplies for the fugitive slaves admitted free of customs duty. Many were the large well-filled boxes of what was most needed by the wanderer taken from the wharf at Toronto during that winter [1841] by E. Child, mission-teacher. He was then a student at Oneida Institute, N.Y., but for many years has resided in Oneida, this county. He went into Canada for the purpose of teaching the fugitives.”

593 Conversation with Jacob Cummings, a fugitive from Tennessee, now living in Columbus, O. Mr. Cummings was at one time a collecting agent for a settlement at Puce, Ont. He told the author, “While agent, I was sent to Sandusky. I would collect goods for the settlement, and ship it to Detroit, marked ‘Fugitive Goods.’ Brother Miller, at the Corners, a little place about fifteen miles from Detroit, would take care of these, and Canada wouldn’t charge any duty on ‘fugitive goods.’”

594 J. C. Hamilton, Magazine of American History, Vol. XXV, p. 238.

595 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 311, 368.

596 Ibid., p. 322.

597 Quoted by Drew, p. 326.

598 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.

599 Ibid., p. 367.

600 Ibid., pp. 367, 369; Austin Steward, Twenty-two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman, p. 272.

601 Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 68, 69.

602 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 308.

603 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, 1852, p. 115. See also Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, 1858, p. 171. Mr. Drew ascribes the honor of the original conception of this Institute to the Rev. Hiram Wilson. (See A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.) Mr. Henson, after asserting that he and Mr. Wilson called the convention of 1838, continues, “I urged the appropriation of the money to the establishment of a manual-labor school....” (Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, p. 169.) It appears that both Wilson and Henson were placed on the committee on site. As they were friends and coworkers, it is safe to accord them equal shares in the undertaking.

604 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, p. 169.

605 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 115.

606 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 311.

607 First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 17. See also Drew’s North-Side View, p. 311.

608 Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.

609 Ibid., p. 117.

610 A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.

611 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, pp. 182-186.

612 The dimensions of the model house-were twenty-four by eighteen feet, and twelve feet high.

613 Third Annual Report, September, 1852, quoted by Drew in North-Side View of Slavery, p. 293.

614 Fourth Annual Report, September, 1853. See Drew’s work, p. 294.

615 Fifth Annual Report, September, 1854; Drew’s work, p. 295.

616 Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 70, 71.

617 Ibid., p. 108.

618 Ibid., p. 110.

619 Laura S. Haviland, A Woman’s Life Work, pp. 192, 196, 201.

620 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 69, 70.

621 A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 367.

622 The Life of Josiah Henson, as narrated by Himself, p. 117.

623 Conversation with the Rev. Jacob Cummings, a refugee now living at Columbus, O.

624 Ibid.

625 First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, Appendix, p. 22.

626 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 148.

627 Ibid., p. 349.

628 Ibid., p. 369.

629 First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, 1852, p. 22.

630 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 236.

631 Ibid., p. 322.

632 Ibid., pp. 294, 325.

633 Third Annual Report (1852), quoted by Drew, p. 293.

634 Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 109, 110.

635 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 309.

636 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 118.

637 Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 69.

638 A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 235.

639 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 521.

640 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 189.

641 Ibid., p. 190.

642 Drew, North-Side View of Slavery, p. 190.

643 A statement to this effect, which appeared in the Marine Journal of New York, is quoted in McClure’s Magazine for May, 1897, p. 618.

644 See the letter signed “D. F.,” printed in McClure’s Magazine, May, 1897, p. 618.

645 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 251. The italics are my own.

646 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.

647 Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 16.

648 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, p. 253.

649 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, Appendix, p. 99.

650 Quoted by Howe in The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 17.

651 Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1895.

652 John Brown and His Men, p. 171.

653 The Underground Railroad, p. 127.

654 Ibid., p. 166.

655 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 15, 17.

656 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, p. 173 et seq.

657 This is substantiated by the testimony of various Canadian refugees.

658 First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.

659 Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life, pp. 165, 166; Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 196, 369.

660 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 120.

661 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 65, 66. See also Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 368.

662 Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, p. 128.

663 First Annual Report of the Society, pp. 16, 17.

664 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 100.

665 Dr. Howe quotes the following statement from Mr. Brush, town clerk of Malden: “A portion of them (the colored people) are pretty well behaved, and another portion not.... A great many of these colored people go and sail (are sailors) in the summer-time, and in the winter lie around, and don’t do much.... We have to help a great many of them, more than any other class of people we have here. I have been clerk of the council for three years, and have had the opportunity of knowing. I think the council have given more to the colored people than to any others.” See also A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 58.

666 A North-Side View of Slavery, p. 62.

667 Ibid., p. 94.

668 Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 63.

669 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.

670 A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 94, 119, 147, 234, 321, 344, 348, 376, 378.

671 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 63, 64. See also Mitchell’s Underground Railroad, pp. 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-139, 142-144, 146, 148 et seq.

672 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 95, 101, Appendix, pp. 109, 110. In her book, A Woman’s Life Work, p. 193, Mrs. Laura S. Haviland reports some interesting cases of this sort.

673 Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, pp. 140, 164, 165.

674 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 341, 342.

675 Ibid., pp. 118, 147, 235.

676 Ibid., p. 341.

677 Ibid., p. 308.

678 First Annual Report of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, p. 15.

679 A Woman’s Life Work, pp. 192, 193.

680 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 77.

681 Drew, A North-Side View of Slavery, pp. 236, 237.

682 Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 92.

683 Ibid.

684 Still, Underground Railroad Records, 2d ed., pp. 59, 65, 105, 137, 193, 249, 263, 291, 293, 337, 385, 448, 490.

685 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 61, 62.

686 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xxvii.

687 Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, Appendix, p. 108.

688 Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. xvii.

689 Mitchell, The Underground Railroad, pp. 155, 156.

690 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, p. 102. William Still, who made a trip through Canada West in 1855, expressed a view similar to that above quoted, and added the words: “To say that there are not those amongst the colored people in Canada, as every place, who are very poor,... who will commit crime, who indulge in habits of indolence and intemperance,... would be far from the truth. Nevertheless, may not the same be said of white people, even where they have had the best chances in every particular?” Underground Railroad Records, p. xxviii.

691 Chronotype, Oct. 7, 1850.

692 Clipping from the Commonwealth, preserved in a scrap-book relating to Theodore Parker, Boston Public Library.

693 Conversation with Mr. Oliver, Windsor, Ont., Aug. 2, 1895.

694 Conversation with the Rev. James Poindexter, Columbus, O., summer of 1895.

695 History of Summit County, Ohio, pp. 579, 580.

696 Letters of Mrs. Susan L. Crane, Elmira, N.Y.

697 See p. 250, this chapter.

[698] The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 29, 1893.

699 Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.

700 Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 297.

701 Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, p. 304; see also E. B. Andrews’ History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 36.

702 Conversation with Mr. Sanborn, Cambridge, Mass., March, 1897.

703 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, p. 97.

704 James H. Fairchild, The Underground Railroad, Tract No. 87, in Vol. IV, Western Reserve Historical Society, p. 106.

705 G. M. Stroud, A Sketch of the Laws Relating to Slavery, 2d ed., 1856, pp. 281, 282.

706 Statutes of the State of Ohio, 1841, collated by J. B. Swan, pp. 595-600.

707 Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 367.

708 Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 380. The newspapers named by Mr. May are, The Advertiser and The American of Rochester, The Gazette and Observer of Utica, The Oneida Whig, The Register, The Argus and The Express of Albany, The Courier and Inquirer and The Express of New York.

709 The Underground Railroad, pp. 13, 14.

710 Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 93.

711 The Fugitive Slave Law and Its Victims, by Samuel May, Jr., 1861, p. 19.

712 Ibid., p. 31. See Appendix B, p. 374.

713 Ibid., p. 68 et seq.

714 See Appendix B, p. 375.

715 Congressional Globe, New Series, Vol. XXII, Part I, p. 793.

716 F. Bowen on “Extradition of Fugitive Slaves,” Vol. LXXI, p. 252 et seq.

717 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, p. 1583; also M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 31.

718 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, Vol. II, p. 306.

719 Samuel J. May, Some Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 353.

720 John Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 94.

721 Article by the Rev. S. D. Peet, in History of Ashtabula County, Ohio, pp. 33, 34.

722 “No sooner was the deed done, the Fugitive Slave Act sent forth to be the law of the land, than outcries of contempt and defiance came from every free state, and pledges of protection were given to the colored population. It is not within the scope of my plan to attempt an account of the indignation meetings that were held in places too numerous to be even mentioned here.” S. J. May, Some Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 349.

723 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 65-70, and the references there given.

724 Scrap-book of clippings, circulars, etc., presented to the Boston Public Library by Mrs. L. L. Parker.

725 C. E. Stevens, Anthony Burns, A History, 1856, p. 208.

726 Quoted by F. B. Sanborn, in his Life of Dr. S. G. Howe, the Philanthropist, pp. 237, 238, 239. Similar stories are related by Lydia Maria Child, in her Life of Isaac T. Hopper, pp. 455-458.

727 Letter of John F. Hogue, Greenville, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895; letter of the Rev. James Lawson, Franklin, Pa., Nov. 25, 1895.

728 Life of William Lloyd Garrison, Vol. III, p. 302. See also Rhodes’s History of the United States, Vol. I, p. 198.

729 The Life of Josiah Henson, formerly a Slave, as narrated by Himself, pp. 97, 98, 99.

730 Conversation with Mr. Bingey, Windsor, Ont., July 31, 1896.

731 Life of Garrison, Vol. III, p. 302; also foot-note, pp. 302, 303.

732 “Some of the boldest chose to remain, and armed themselves to defend their freedom, instinctively calculating that the sight of such an exigency would make the Northern heart beat too rapidly for prudence!” Weiss, Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. II, p. 92.

733 Letter of Mr. Higginson, Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 5, 1894.

734 R. C. Smedley, History of the Underground Railroad, p. 210.

735 C. E. Stevens, Anthony Burns, A History, p. 208. In a foot-note it is said, “The church is a neat and commodious brick structure, two stories in height, and handsomely finished in the interior. It will seat five or six hundred people. The whole cost, including the land, was $13,000, of which, through the exertion of Mr. Grimes, $10,000 have already (1856) been paid....”

736 Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, pp. 202, 203.

737 Rev. Calvin Fairbank During Slavery Times, pp. 46, 48, 49.

738 Article by A. H. Grimké, on “Anti-Slavery Boston,” in The New England Magazine, December, 1890, p. 458.

739 S. J. May, Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 289.

740 Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave, pp. 106, 107, 108.

741 Letters of Mrs. Susan Crane, Elmira, N.Y.; letters of John W. Jones, Elmira, N.Y.; see also Still, Underground Railroad Records, p. 530.

742 Letters of Mr. Martin I. Townsend, Troy. N.Y., Sept. 4, 1896, and April 3, 1897.

743 Conversation with Mr. Poindexter, Columbus, O., in the summer of 1895.

744 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 17, 18.

745 Statutes at Large, I, 302-305.

746 Professor Eugene Wambaugh, of the Law School of Harvard University, in a letter to the author, comments as follows on the source of the injustice wrought by the Fugitive Slave acts: “The difficulty lay in the initial assumption that a human being can be property. Grant this assumption, and there follow many absurdities, among them the impossibility of framing a Fugitive Slave Law that shall be both logical and humane. Human beings are entitled to a trial of the normal sort, especially in a case involving the liability of personal restraint. Chattels, however, are entitled to no trial at all; and if a chattel be lost or stolen, the owner may retake it wherever he finds it, provided he commits no breach of the peace. (3 Blackstone’s Commentaries, 4.) If slaves had been treated as ordinary chattels, there could have been no trial as to the ownership of them, unless, indeed, there were a dispute between competing claimants. There would have been, however, the fatal objection that thus a free man—black, mulatto, or white—might be enslaved without a hearing. Here, then, is a puzzle. If the man is a slave, he is entitled to no trial at all. If he is free, he is entitled to a trial of the most careful sort, surrounded with all the safeguards that have been thrown up by the law. When there is such a dilemma, is it strange that there should be a compromise? The Fugitive Slave Laws really were a compromise; for in so far as they provided for an abnormal and incomplete trial, a hearing before a United States Commissioner, simply to determine rights as between the supposed slave and the supposed master, they conceded the radical impossibility of following out logically the supposition that human beings can be chattels, and, in so far as they denied to the supposed slave the normal trial, they assumed in advance that he was a slave. I need not write of the dilemma further. A procedure intermediate between a formal trial and a total denial of justice was probably the only solution practicable in those days; but it was an illogical solution, and the only logical solution was emancipation.”

747 5 Sergeant and Rawle’s Reports, 63. See Appendix B, p. 368.

748 14 Wendell’s Reports, 514. See Appendix B, p. 368.

749 In the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. 2 Paine’s Reports, 352.

750 2 Western Law Journal, 282.

751 Amendments, Article VII.

752 Ibid., Article V.

753 12 Wendell’s Reports, 315-324.

754 2 Pickering’s Reports, 12. See Appendix B, p. 368.

755 Amendments, Article IV; 2 Pickering’s Reports, 15, 16.

756 2 Pickering’s Reports, 19.

757 In the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 1 Baldwin’s Circuit Court Reports, p. 571 et seq. See Appendix B, p. 368.

758 2 Paine’s Reports, 350. See Appendix B, p. 369.

759 16 Peters’ Reports, 613.

760 2 Western Law Journal, 282. See Appendix B, p. 371.

761 1 Baldwin’s Circuit Court Reports, 571; Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, Vol. II, p. 444.

762 16 Peters’ Reports, 613.

763 12 Wendell’s Reports, 311, 316-318.

764 See Appendix B, p. 370.

765 16 Peters’ Reports, 579.

766 Ibid., 588-590.

767 Ibid., 595.

768 Ibid., 602.

769 Ibid., 612-617.

770 See Chap. II, pp. 28, 32.

771 2 Western Law Journal, 279-293.

772 3 Western Law Journal, 65-71; also, 3 McLean’s Reports, 530-538.

773 5 Howard’s Reports, 215 et seq.

774 2 Western Law Journal, 281, 283; 3 McLean, 530.

775 2 Western Law Journal, 288.

776 3 McLean’s Reports, 532; 3 Western Law Journal, 65.

777 5 Howard’s Reports, 230, 231.

778 2 Paine’s Reports, 354; 2 Western Law Journal, 282.

779 2 Paine’s Reports, 354, 355; also, 2 Western Law Journal, 289.

780 See Section 3 of the act, Statutes at Large, I, 302-305.

781 16 Peters’ Reports, 598.

782 16 Peters’ Reports, 608, 622. See also Marion G. McDougall’s Fugitive Slaves, pp. 108, 109.

783 M. G. McDougall’s Fugitive Slaves, p. 28.

784 See Chap. IX, pp. 245, 246, and Chap. X, p. 337.

785 Statutes at Large, IX, 462.

786 Henry W. Rogers, Editor, Constitutional History of the United States as seen in the Development of American Law, Lecture III, by George W. Biddle, p. 152.

787 Section 3 of the law of 1793 provided that “the person to whom such labour or service may be due, his agent or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize and arrest such fugitive from labour, and to take him or her before any judge of the circuit or district courts of the United States,... within the state, or before any magistrate of a county (etc.)... wherein such seizure... shall be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of such judge or magistrate... it shall be the duty of such judge or magistrate to give a certificate thereof... which shall be a sufficient warrant for removing the said fugitive... to the state or territory from which he or she fled.”
Section 6 of the act of 1850 provides that “the person or persons to whom such service or labour may be due, or his, her, or their agent or attorney... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a warrant... or by seizing and arresting such fugitive, where the same can be done without process, and by taking, or causing such person to be taken, forthwith before such court, judge or commissioner, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine the case... in a summary manner; and upon satisfactory proof... to make out and deliver to such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certificate... with authority... to use such reasonable force... as may be necessary... to take and remove such fugitive person back to the State or Territory whence he or she may have escaped as aforesaid.”

788 Sims’ case, tried before the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, March term, 1851. See 7 Cushing’s Reports, 310.
Miller vs. McQuerry, tried before the Circuit Court of the United States, in Ohio, 1853. See 5 McLean’s Reports, 481-484.
Ex parte Simeon Bushnell, etc., tried before the Supreme Court of Ohio, May, 1859. See 9 Ohio State Reports, 170.

789 Norris vs. Newton et al., tried before the Circuit Court of the United States, in Indiana, May term, 1850. See 5 McLean’s Reports, 98.
Ex parte Simeon Bushnell, etc. See 9 Ohio State Reports, 174.
United States vs. Buck, tried before the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1860. See 8 American Law Register, 543.

790 Booth’s case, tried before the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, June term, 1854. See 3 Wisconsin Reports, 3.
Ex parte Simeon Bushnell, and ex parte Charles Langston, tried before the Supreme Court of Ohio, May, 1859. See 9 Ohio State Reports, 111, 114-117, 124, 186.

791 Sims’ case. See 7 Cushing’s Reports, 290. Booth’s case. See 3 Wisconsin Reports.

792 For the text of the Slave Laws, see Appendix A, pp. 359-366.

793 Marion G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 43 and 44, with the references there given; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 304, 305. See Appendix B, p. 372.

794 7 Cushing’s Reports, 287. The constitutional requirement will be found in Article III, Section 1, of the Constitution of the United States.

795 5 McLean’s Reports, 481.

796 3 Wisconsin Reports, 39.

797 6 McLean’s Reports, 359.

798 9 Ohio State Reports, 176.

799 3 Wisconsin Reports, 64.

800 6 McLean’s Reports, 359, 360.

801 Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, Vol. II, p. 747.

802 5 McLean’s Reports, 481.

803 1 Blatchford’s Circuit Court Reports, 636.

804 Washington’s Circuit Court Reports, 327-331.

805 Baldwins Circuit Court Reports, 571-605.

806 Washington’s Circuit Court Reports, 327-331.

807 McLean’s Reports, 612.

808 Howard’s Reports, 215-232; see also Schuckers, Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase, 53-66; Warden, Private Life and Public Services of S. P. Chase, 296-298.

809 McLean’s Reports, 402-426.

810 5 McLean’s Reports, 92-106.

811 2 Wallace Jr.’s Reports, 324-326.

812 6 McLean’s Reports, 259-273. Mr. Sloane’s account of the case will be found in The Firelands Pioneer for July, 1888, pp. 46-49. A copy of the certificate of the clerk of court there given is here reproduced:—
“Louis F. Weimer vs. Rush R. Sloane. United States District of Ohio, in debt.
October Term, 1854.
Judgment for Plaintiff for $3000 and costs.
Received July 8th, 1856, of Rush R. Sloane, the above Defendant, a receipt of Louis F. Weimer, the above Plaintiff, bearing date Dec. 14th, 1854, for $3000, acknowledging full satisfaction of the above judgment, except the costs; also a receipt of L. F. Weimer, Sr., per Joseph Doniphan, attorney, for $85, the amount of Plaintiff’s witness fees in said case; also certificates of Defendant’s witnesses in above case for $162; also $20 in money, the attorney’s docket fees attached, which, with the clerk and marshal’s fees heretofore paid, is in full of the costs in said case.
(Signed) William Miner, Clerk.”

813 For the first trial (1845), see 3 McLean’s Reports, 631; s. c. 5 Western Law Journal, 25; 7 Federal Cases, 1100; for the second trial (1847), see 10 Law Reporter, 395; s. c. 5 Western Law Journal, 206; 7 Federal Cases, 1093; for the third trial (1849), see 5 McLean’s Reports, 64; s. c. 7 Western Law Journal, 222; 7 Federal Cases, 1095. See also The Firelands Pioneer, July, 1888, pp. 41, 42.

814 5 Illinois Reports, 498-518; 14 Howard’s Reports, 13, 14.

815 4 McLean’s Reports, 504-515.

816 2 Wallace Jr.’s Reports, 313, 317-323.

817 21 Howard’s Reports, 510; The Fugitive Slave Law in Wisconsin, with Reference to Nullification Sentiment, by Vroman Mason, p. 134.

818 Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 107, 108; 2 Wallace Jr.’s Reports, 159.

819 Still’s Underground Railroad Records, pp. 348-368; Smedley, Underground Railroad, pp. 107-130; 2 Wallace Jr.’s Reports, pp. 134-206; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 50, 51; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 328, 329.

820 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. I, p. 477.

821 Letter of Mr. Hayes, Fremont, O., Aug. 4, 1892.

822 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, pp. 548, 549.

823 Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 364. The others representing the rescuers were Franklin T. Backus and Seneca O. Griswold. See J. R. Shipherd’s History of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, p. 14.

824 Conversation with Judge William H. West, Bellefontaine, O., Aug. 11, 1894.

825 M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 35.

826 Ibid., pp. 44, 46, 47.

827 G. H. Woodruff, History of Will County, Illinois, p. 264.

828 The Ottawa Republican, Nov. 9, 1891. The hearing occurred Oct. 20, 1859.

829 The Pontiac (Ill.) Sentinel, 1891-1892.

830 The Tabor (Ia.) Beacon, 1890-1891, Chap. XXI of a series of articles by the Rev. John Todd, on “The Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa.”

831 Underground Railroad Records, p. 367.

832 Smedley, Underground Railroad, p. 359.

833 This case is given by Mr. Noah Brooks, in his Washington in Lincoln’s Time, 1895, pp. 197, 198.

834 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. III, p. 395.

835 Congressional Globe, Thirty-seventh Congress, First Session, 1356.

836 Liberator, May 1, 1863. Extract from the Frankfort Commonwealth, quoted by M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 80.

837 Congressional Globe, Thirty-eighth Congress, First Session, 2913. See also M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 85.

838 Laws and Ordinances of New Netherlands, 32.

839 Ibid.

840 Ibid., 104.

841 Laws of New Netherlands, 344.

842 Acts of Province of New York from 1691 to 1718, p. 58.

843 Ibid., 193.

844 Statutes at Large, Hening, Laws of Virginia, I, 253.

845 Ibid., I, 401.

846 Ibid., I, 439.

847 Ibid., II, 239.

848 Ibid., IV, 168.

849 Maryland Archives, Assembly Proceedings, 147.

850 New Jersey Laws, 82.

851 Ibid., 109.

852 Charters and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay, 386, 750 (1707 and 1718 respectively).

853 Proceedings of General Assembly, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Providence, 177; Records of Colony of Rhode Island, 177.

854 Acts and Laws of His Majestie’s Colony of Connecticut, 229 (1730 probably).

855 Province Laws of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1725; Province Laws of Pennsylvania, 325.

856 Laws of North Carolina, 89 (1741); Ibid., 371 (1779).

857 Acts of Province of New York, 77 (1705); Laws of Province of New York, 218 (1715); Marion G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, 8.

858 Plymouth Colony Records, IX, 5; Marion G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, 7.

859 Peter Force, on the Ordinance of 1787, in the National Intelligencer, 1847. See also E. B. Chase’s volume, entitled Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen, or the “Founders of the Republic” on Slavery, 1860, pp. 155, 160, 161, 169.

860 E. B. Chase, Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen... on Slavery, p. 9.

861 Alexander Johnston’s careful survey of the subject in the New Princeton Review, Vol. IV, p. 183; J. H. Merriam, Legislative History of the Ordinance of 1787, Worcester, 1888; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 64.

862 These views are quoted by E. B. Chase, in his Teachings of Patriots and Statesmen... on Slavery.

863 Ibid. See also Elliot’s Debates, Vol. III, 182, 277.

864 Appendix B, p. 367, 6. First recorded case of rescue (Quincy’s case, Boston).

865 Appendix B, p. 367. Washington’s fugitive, October, 1796.

866 Chapter II, p. 22; Chapter V, p. 120.

867 Ibid.

868 William Goodell, Slavery and Anti-Slavery, pp. 231, 232.

869 House Journal, Fourth Congress, Second Session, p. 65; Annals of Congress, pp. 1741, 1767.

870 House Journal, Sixth Congress, Second Session, p. 220; Annals of Congress, p. 1053; House Journal, Seventh Congress, First Session, p. 34; Annals of Congress, p. 317.

871 House Journal, Seventh Congress, First Session, p. 125; Annals of Congress, pp. 422, 423.

872 The vote stood 46 to 43.

873 House Journal, Seventh Congress, First Session, pp. 125, 128; Annals of Congress, pp. 423, 425.

874 W. E. B. Du Bois, The Suppression of the American Slave Trade, pp. 105-109.

875 House Journal, Fifteenth Congress, First Session, pp. 50, 86, 182, 186, 189, pp. 193, 198; Annals of Congress, pp. 446, 447, 513, 829-831, 838, 840, 1339, 1393. Senate Journal, Fifteenth Congress, First Session, pp. 128, 135, 174, 202, 227, 228, 233; House Journal, p. 328; Annals of Congress, pp. 165, 210, 259, 262, 1339, 1716; T. H. Benton, Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, Vol. VI, pp. 35, 36, 37, 110; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 21-23; Lalor’s Cyclopædia, Vol. II, pp. 315, 316; Schouler, History of the United States, Vol. III, p. 144.

876 McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 23.

877 Chapter II, pp. 21, 22.

878 Annals of Congress, Sixteenth Congress, First Session, pp. 1469, 1587. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 23. It will be remembered that according to the compromise Missouri was to be admitted into the Union as a slave state, while slavery was to be prohibited in all other territory gained from France north of 36 degrees 30 minutes. See Appendix A, p. 361.

879 House Journal, Sixteenth Congress, First Session, p. 427.

880 Senate Journal, Sixteenth Congress, First Session, pp. 319, 326; Annals of Congress, p. 618; House Journal, Seventeenth Congress, First Session, p. 143; Annals of Congress, pp. 553, 558, 710. Annals of Congress, Seventeenth Congress, First Session, pp. 1379, 1415, 1444; Benton, Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, Vol. VI, p. 296; McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 23, 24.

881 Niles’ Weekly Register, Vol. XXXV, pp. 289-291; S. G. Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West, pp. 12-14; William Goodell, Slavery and Anti-Slavery, p. 264; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 25.

882 Chapter II, p. 37.

883 Ibid., pp. 37, 38.

884 William Birney, James G. Birney and His Times, p. 435.

885 Chapter II, p. 27.

886 James Monroe, Oberlin Thursday Lectures, Addresses, and Essays, 1897, p. 116. See Appendix B, pp. 367-377, for cases under the Slave laws.

887 These quotations are taken from the summary of Bourne’s The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable, given in the Boston Commonwealth, July 25, 1885, since the original was inaccessible to the present writer. The summary is known to be trustworthy. See The Life of Garrison, by his children, Vol. I, postscript to the Preface, and the references to the original there given.

888 Preface, p. viii.

889 Preface, pp. vii, viii.

890 A Treatise on Slavery, reprinted by the American Anti-Slavery Society, 1840, p. 59.

891 Ibid., p. 107. In advocating political action Mr. Duncan said, “The practice of slaveholding in a slave state need not deter emancipators or others from the privilege of voting for candidates to the legislative bodies, or from using their best endeavors to have men placed in office that would be favorable to the cause of freedom, and who may be best qualified to govern the state or commonwealth, but it ought to prevent any from officiating as a magistrate, when his commission authorizes him to issue a warrant to apprehend the slave when he is guilty of no other crime than that of running away from unmerited bondage.” This was not the first time political action was proposed, for Mr. Bourne declared in his work (The Book and Slavery Irreconcilable): “Every voter for a public officer who will not destroy the system, is as culpable as if he participated in the evil, and is responsible for the protraction of the crime.” See the Boston Commonwealth, July 25, 1885.

892 A Treatise on Slavery, p. 123.

893 Ibid., pp. 21, 32-40, 82, 84, 87-94, 96, 107. Mr. Duncan held that slavery was “directly contrary to the Federal Constitution.” See pp. 110, 111.

894 Letters on American Slavery, Preface, p. iii.

895 Ibid., p. 20.

896 Letters on American Slavery, pp. 104, 107.

897 Chapter IV, p. 109.

898 The Life of Garrison, by his children, Vol. 1, p. 306.

899 Ibid., postscript to Preface.

900 Ibid., p. 207.

901 The Life of Garrison, Vol. I, p. 140.

902 Memoir of S. J. May, by George B. Emerson and others, pp. 76, 78, 87, 139, 140. See also Life of Garrison, Vol. I, p. 213, foot-note.

903 Life of Garrison, Vol. I, pp. 305, 306; Vol. III, pp. 379, 380.

904 G. M. Weston, Progress of Slavery in the United States, p. 22.

905 McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 38, 39.

906 J. W. Schuckers, The Life and Public Service of Samuel Portland Chase, p. 52. For portrait see plate facing p. 254.

907 Congressional Globe, Twenty-fifth Congress, Third Session, p. 34.

908 Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. I, pp. 552, 553.

909 Ibid., p. 563.

910 “The wonder is how such an Act came to pass, even by so lean a vote as it received; for it was voted for by less than half of the Senate, and by six less than the number of senators from the slave states alone. It is a wonder how it passed at all; and the wonder increases on knowing that, of the small number that voted for it, many were against it, and merely went along with those who had constituted themselves the particular guardians of the rights of the slave states, and claimed a lead in all that concerned them. These self-instituted guardians were permitted to have their own way, some voting with them unwillingly, others not voting at all. It was a part of the plan of ’compromise and pacification’ which was then deemed essential to save the Union; under the fear of danger to the Union on one hand, and the charms of pacification and compromise on the other, a few heated spirits got the control and had things their own way.” Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, Vol. II, p. 780.

911 See Rhodes’ History of the United States, Vol. I, pp. 130-136, for a discussion of the question whether the Union was in danger in 1850.

912 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, Appendix, p. 1583.

913 Life and Speeches of Henry Clay, Vol. II, pp. 641, 643. The speech from which the above quotations are made was delivered Feb. 5 and 6, 1850.

914 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, Second Session, Appendix, p. 1051; McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 31.

915 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, Appendix, p. 1615.

916 Ibid., p. 1592.

917 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, Appendix, pp. 1622, 1623.

918 Ibid.

919 Webster’s Works, Vol. V, pp. 354, 355, 357, 358, 361.

920 Von Holst, Constitutional and Political History of the United States, Vol. IV, pp. 18, 19. The hundred and thirty-six Northern members comprised seventy-six Whigs and fifty Democrats.

921 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, Second Session, Appendix, p. 324. See also Von Holst’s work, Vol. IV, p. 27.

922 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, Second Session, pp. 15, 16. Von Holst, Constitutional and Political History of the United States, Vol. IV, p. 15.

923 McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 53.

924 “These prosecutions attracted more attention to the slavery question in a few months than the abolitionists had been able to arouse in twenty years.” Professor Edward Channing, The United States of America, 1765-1865, p. 241.

925 F. W. Seward, Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State, 1891, Vol. I, pp. 169, 170. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 44, 47-51, 58, 59.

926 Boston Atlas, Dec. 17, 1850.

927 For references see Appendix B, 53, Christiana case, p. 373.

928 S. J. May, Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, p. 349.

929 Ibid., pp. 373-384; Frothingham, Life of Gerrit Smith, p. 117; McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, pp. 48, 49; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 327, 328.

930 C. E. Stowe, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, pp. 71, 72.

931 A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, p. 5; Charles Dudley Warner in The Atlantic Monthly, September, 1896, p. 312.

932 A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, p. 23; C. E. Stowe, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, p. 93; Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, pp. 102, 103; J. W. Shuckers, Life of Chase, p. 53.

933 A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin, p. 54.

934 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, pp. 147-151; Howe, Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. II, p. 104; see also article on “Early Cincinnati,” by Judge Joseph Cox in the Cincinnati Times-Star, Feb. 6, 1891; a report of “The Story of Eliza,” as told by the Rev. S. G. W. Rankin, printed in the Boston Transcript, Nov. 30, 1895, an article on Harriet Beecher Stowe, in the Cincinnati Enquirer, Nov. 3, 1895, p. 17.

935 Quoted by Charles Dudley Warner in The Atlantic Monthly, September, 1896, p. 315.

936 Ibid.

937 Life of George Ticknor, Vol. I, p. 286.

938 History of the United States, Vol. I, pp. 284, 285.

939 Peirce, Life of Sumner, Vol. III, p. 283.

940 Ibid., p. 289.

941 Ibid., p. 292.

942 Peirce, Life of Sumner, Vol. III, pp. 296, 297; Congressional Globe, Vol. XXV, p. 1112.

943 Congressional Globe, Vol. XXV, p. 1112; Peirce, Life of Sumner, Vol. III, p. 297.
In a public speech made in 1850 Mr. Garrison had this to say, “Who are among our ablest speakers? Who are the best qualified to address the public mind on the subject of slavery? Your fugitive slaves,—your Douglasses, Browns and Bibbs,—who are astonishing all with the cogency of their words and the power of their reasoning.” Life of Garrison, Vol. III, p. 311.

944 Peirce, Life of Sumner, Vol. III, p. 309, foot-note; Vol. IV, pp. 71, 175-177.

945 S. J. May, Some Recollections of our Anti-Slavery Conflict, pp. 380, 381. Mr. May says another convention was held ten days later to condemn the action of the rescuers, and did so, but not without dissent.

946 See the reports after 1850.

947 For selected cases see Appendix B, p. 372.

948 The Kansas-Nebraska legislation, repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which was at this time before Congress, is here referred to.

949 Vroman Mason on “The Fugitive Slave Law in Wisconsin, with Reference to Nullification Sentiment,” in the Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1895, pp. 122, 123.

950 Ableman vs. Booth; for references see Appendix B, 62, Glover rescue case, p. 374.

951 This account of Booth’s case is in the main a condensation of the excellent and exhaustive discussion given by Mr. Vroman Mason in the Proceedings of the State Historical Society, 1895, pp. 117-144. Other material will be found in The Story of Wisconsin, 1890, by R. G. Thwaites, pp. 247-254; A Complete Record of the John Olin Family, 1893, by C. C. Olin, pp. liii-lxxiv; the Liberator, April 7 and 24, 1854; 3 Wisconsin Reports, pp. 1-64; 21 Howard’s Reports, p. 506 et seq.; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 444-446.

952 T. W. Higginson in The Atlantic Monthly, for March, 1897, p. 349-354; Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. I, pp. 500-506; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. II, pp. 434, 444.

953 John Reynolds’ History of Illinois, 1855, pp. 269-271.

954 The Cincinnati Enquirer, the leading Democratic paper of southern Ohio at the time, said of the contention arising out of the attempted arrest of Addison White: “The designation of the attorney-general by Governor Chase to aid the lawyer retained by the sheriff of Clark County, is equivalent to a declaration of war on the part of Chase and his abolition crew against the United States Courts. Let war come, the sooner the better.” Quoted in the Life of Chase, by J. W. Schuckers, p. 179, foot-note. Material relating to the Addison White case will be found in Shuckers, Life of Chase, pp. 177-182; Warden, Life of Chase, pp. 350, 351; Beer, History of Clark County, Ohio; the same quoted by Henry Howe in his Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. I, pp. 384-386. The writer has also had the advantage of a conversation with Mrs. Amanda Shepherd (the daughter of Udney Hyde), who was an eye-witness of the attempts to capture White at her father’s house.

955 J. R. Shipherd, History of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue. The resolutions appear at pp. 253, 254.

956 Ibid., pp. 231-235.

957 The Plain Dealer, July 6, 1859, quoted by Shipherd, p. 267.

958 Shipherd, History of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, pp. 253, 254.

959 The Cleveland Herald, June 3, 1859.

960 Chapter IX, p. 282.

961 Joel Parker, Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery in the Territories, 1861, pp. 10, 11.

962 J. B. Robinson, Pictures of Slavery and Anti-Slavery, 1863, pp. 332, 333; M. G. McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 70; Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. II, p. 74. Mr. Rhodes says of the personal liberty bills: “They were dangerously near the nullification of a United States law, and had not the provocation seemed great, would not have been adopted by people who had drunk in with approval Webster’s idea of nationality.... While they were undeniably conceived in a spirit of bad faith towards the South, they were a retaliation for the grossly bad faith involved in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Nullification cannot be defended, but in a balancing of the wrongs of the South and the North, it must be averred that in this case the provocation was vastly greater than the retaliation.”

963 Hinton, John Brown and His Men, pp. 31, 32.

964 Ibid., p. 30.

965 History of the Negro Race in America, Vol. II, pp. 58, 59.

966 Benton’s Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, Vol. VII, p. 296.

967 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, Appendix, p. 1601.

968 Ibid., p. 1603.

969 Ibid., p. 1605.

970 Von Holst, Constitutional and Political History of the United States, Vol. III, p. 552.

971 Congressional Globe, Thirty-first Congress, First Session, p. 202. See also Von Holst’s work, Vol. III, p. 552, foot-note.

972 J. F. H. Claiborne, Life and Correspondence of John A. Quitman, Vol. II, p. 28.

973 J. F. H. Claiborne, Life and Correspondence of John A. Quitman, Vol. II, p. 30. His figures are, of course, not correct.

974 Census of 1860, pp. 11, 12. See Table A, Appendix C, p. 378.

975 See Tables B and C, Appendix C, p. 379.

976 This computation was first printed by the writer in the American Historical Review, April, 1896, pp. 462, 463.

977 Conversation with M. J. Benedict, L. A. Benedict and others, Alum Creek Settlement, Ohio, Dec. 2, 1893.

978 E. M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, Introduction, p. xi. Wilson gives an account of the American Colonization Society in his Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, Vol. I, pp. 208-222; see also the Life of Garrison, by his children, Index.

979 McDougall, Fugitive Slaves, p. 71.

980 Congressional Globe, Thirty-sixth Congress, Second Session, p. 356; see also ibid., Appendix, p. 197.

981 Accounts of Anderson’s case will be found in a collection of pamphlets in the Boston Public Library; in the Liberator, Dec. 3, 1860 and Jan. 22, 1861; in A Woman’s Life Work, by Laura S. Haviland, pp. 207, 208; in the History of Canada, by J. M. McMullen, Vol. II, p. 259; in the History of Canada, by John MacMullen, p. 553; and in Fugitive Slaves, by M. G. McDougall, pp. 25, 26.

982 Journal of the Senate, Thirty-sixth Congress, Second Session, p. 10.

983 Journal of the Senate, Thirty-sixth Congress, Second Session, p. 18.

984 For a complete list of these resolutions see Mrs. McDougall’s monograph on Fugitive Slaves, Appendix, pp. 117-119.

985 Rhodes, History of the United States, Vol. III, pp. 252, 253.

986 Congressional Globe, Thirty-seventh Congress, First Session, p. 30.

987 Congressional Globe, Thirty-seventh Congress, First Session, p. 30; see also M. G. McDougall’s Fugitive Slaves, p. 79.

988 House Journal, Thirty-seventh Congress, Second Session, p. 265; Senate Journal, Thirty-seventh Congress, Second Session, p. 285; Congressional Globe, Thirty-seventh Congress, Second Session, p. 1243.

989 The names of colored operators are marked with a +.

990 This list of names is taken from Bearse’s Reminiscences of Fugitive-Slave Law Days in Boston, pp. 3, 4, 5, 6.

991 Sanborn, in his Life and Letters of John Brown, pp. 125 and 126, prints this roll of members.

992 This list will be found in the Autobiography of the Rev. J. W. Loguen, p. 396.

993 These names are given in Still’s Underground Railroad Records, pp. 610, 611, 612.