Books, Papers, and Manuscripts Cited and Consulted
Abdy, Edward S., Journal of a Tour of the United States. 3 vols. London, 1835.
Adams, John Quincy, Memoirs of, ed. by C. F. Adams. 12 vols. Philadelphia, 1876.
Ambler, Charles Henry, Thomas Ritchie: A Study of Virginia Politics. Richmond, 1913.
Anonymous, Life of Lewis Cass. Detroit, 1848.
Baber, George, The Blairs of Kentucky. Register Kentucky Historical Society, XIV.
Bassett, John Spencer, Life of Andrew Jackson. 2 vols. New York, 1911.
Bennett, James Gordon. See Isaac C. Pray.
Benton, Thomas H., Thirty Years’ View, or a History of the Working of the American Government from 1820 to 1850. New York, 1861. See Theodore Roosevelt.
Beveridge, Albert J., Life of John Marshall. 4 vols. Boston, 1916-19.
Biddle, Nicholas. See Reginald C. McGrane.
Binney, C. N., Life of Horace Binney. Philadelphia, 1903.
Binney, Horace. See C. N. Binney.
Blair, Gist, The Annals of Silver Springs. Columbian Historical Society, XXI.
Bradley, Cyrus P., Life of Isaac Hill. Concord, 1835.
Branch, John. See Marshall de Lancey Haywood.
Buchanan, James. See John Bassett Moore.
Buell, Augustus C., Life of Andrew Jackson. 2 vols. New York, 1904.
Butler, William Allen, A Retrospect of Forty Years. New York, 1911.
Calhoun, John. See John Stilwell Jenkins, H. von Holst, Richard K. Cralle.
Cass, Lewis. See Andrew C. McLaughlin, W. L. G. Smith, William T. Young, Anonymous.
Catterall, Ralph C. H., The Second Bank of the United States. University of Chicago, 1903.
Clay, Henry. See Calvin Colton, Carl Schurz, Joseph M. Rogers.
Clayton, John M. See Joseph P. Comegys.
Colton, Calvin, editor, Works of Henry Clay. 10 vols. New York, 1904.
Comegys, Joseph P., Memoir of John M. Clayton. Wilmington, 1882. Papers, Historical Society of Delaware, vol. 4.
Cralle, Richard K., editor, Works of John C. Calhoun. 6 vols. New York, 1883.
Crawford, Mary C., Romantic Days of the Early Republic. Boston, 1912.
Crawford, William H. See J. E. D. Shipp.
Crockett, Davy, Life of Martin Van Buren. Philadelphia, 1835.
Curtis, George Ticknor, Life of Daniel Webster. 2 vols. New York, 1870.
Davis, Jefferson, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. 2 vols. New York, 1881.
Ellet, E. F., Court Circles of the Republic. Hartford, 1869.
Fisher, Sidney George, The Real Daniel Webster. Philadelphia, 1911.
Fiske, John, Historical and Political Essays. 2 vols. New York, 1902.
Foote, Henry S., A Casket of Reminiscences. Washington, 1874.
Forsyth, John, manuscript letters.
Foster, John W., A Century of American Diplomacy. Boston, 1901.
Hale, Edward Everett, Memories of a Hundred Years. 2 vols. New York, 1902.
Hamilton, James, Reminiscences of Hamilton, or Men and Events at Home and Abroad During Three Quarters of a Century. New York, 1869.
Hamilton, Thomas, Men and Manners in America. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1833.
Hammond, Jabez D., Life of Silas Wright. New York, 1848.
Harrison, W. H. See H. Montgomery.
Hart, Albert Bushnell, American History Told by Contemporaries. New York, 1902.
Harvey, Peter, Reminiscences of Daniel Webster. Boston, 1877.
Hayne, Robert Y. See Theodore Dehon Jervey.
Haywood, Marshall de Lancey, John Branch (pamphlet). Raleigh, 1915.
Hill, Isaac. See Cyrus P. Bradley.
Holland, W. H., Life of Martin Van Buren. Hartford, 1835.
Hone, Philip, Diary. New York, 1889.
Houston, David F., A Study of Nullification in South Carolina. New York, 1896.
Hunt, Charles Havens, Life of Edward Livingston. New York, 1902.
Hunt, Gaillard, First Forty Years of Washington Society (Letters of Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith). New York, 1906.
Hunt, Louise Livingston, Life of Mrs. Edward Livingston. New York, 1902.
Jackson, Andrew. See James Parton, Augustus C. Buell, John Spencer Bassett, William Graham Sumner, William MacDonald, Charles H. Peck, Francis Newton Thorp, Frederic Austin Ogg.
Jackson, R. P., The Chronicles of Georgetown, Washington, 1878.
Jenkins, John Stilwell, Life of John C. Calhoun (Arlington edition). Life of James K. Polk. Buffalo, 1850.
Jervey, Theodore Dehon, Robert Y. Hayne and His Times. New York, 1909.
Johnston, Alexander, American Political History. 2 vols. N. Y., 1905.
Kemble, Frances A., Records of a Girlhood. New York, 1884.
Kendall, Amos, Autobiography. Boston, 1902.
Kennedy, John P., Life of William Wirt, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1849.
Knight, Lucian Lamar, Reminiscences of Famous Georgians. Los Angeles, 1907.
Laborde, Maximilian, History of South Carolina College. Columbia, 1859.
Legaré, Hugh Swinton, Works. 2 vols., ed. by sister. Charleston, 1846.
Linder, Usher F., Reminiscences of the Early Bench and Bar of Illinois. Chicago, 1879.
Livingston, Edward. See Charles Havens Hunt.
Livingston, Mrs. Edward. See Louise Livingston Hunt.
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Life of Daniel Webster. Boston, 1883 (American Statesmen).
MacDonald, William, Jacksonian Democracy. New York, 1906 (The American Nation).
McGrane, Reginald C., Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle. Boston, 1919.
McKee, Thomas H., National Conventions and Platforms. Baltimore, 1906.
Mackenzie, William L., Life of Martin Van Buren. Boston, 1846.
McKinney, Thomas Lorraine, The Office-Holder’s Sword of Damocles. See Albert Bushnell Hart.
McLaughlin, Andrew C., Life of Lewis Cass. Boston, 1899 (American Statesmen).
McMaster, John Bach, History of the People of the United States. 8 vols. New York (Library edition), 1914.
March, Charles W., Reminiscences of Congress. New York, 1853.
Marryat, Capt. Frederick, A Diary in America. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1839.
Martineau, Harriet, A Retrospect of Western Travel. 2 vols. London, 1838.
Miller, S. F., The Bench and Bar of Georgia. 2 vols. Philadelphia.
Montgomery, H., Life of William Henry Harrison. Cleveland, 1852.
Moore, John Bassett, Works of Buchanan. 12 vols. Philadelphia, 1908.
Northern, William Jonathan, Men of Mark in Georgia. Atlanta, 1907.
Ogg, Frederic Austin, The Reign of Andrew Jackson (Chronicles of America, vol. X.) Yale University Press, 1919.
O’Neall, James Belton, Bench and Bar of South Carolina. 2 vols. Charleston, 1859.
Parton, James, Life of Andrew Jackson. 3 vols. New York, 1860.
Payne, George Henry, A Short History of Journalism in the United States. New York.
Peck, Charles H., The Jacksonian Epoch. New York, 1899.
Poinsett, Joel R. See Charles J. Stillé.
Polk, James K. See John Stilwell Jenkins.
Poore, Benjamin Perley, Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1886.
Pray, Isaac C., Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett. New York, 1855.
Quincy, Josiah, Figures of the Past from Leaves of Old Journals. Boston, 1883.
Richardson, James Daniel, Messages and Papers of the Presidents. 10 vols. Washington, 1900.
Rogers, Joseph M., The Real Henry Clay. Philadelphia, 1905. Life of Thomas H. Benton. Philadelphia, 1905 (American Crisis).
Roosevelt, Theodore, Life of Thomas H. Benton. Boston, 1890 (American Statesmen).
Sargent, Nathan, Public Men and Events. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1875.
Sato, Shosuke, History of the Land Question in the United States. Johns Hopkins University Studies, IV, 259-441.
Schouler, James, History of the United States of America under the Constitution. 5 vols. New York, 1889-91.
Schurz, Carl, Life of Henry Clay. 2 vols. Boston, 1887 (American Statesmen).
Scott, Nancy N., Memoir of Hugh Lawson White. Philadelphia, 1856.
Seward, Frederick, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat. New York, 1916.
Seward, William H., Autobiography. 3 vols. New York, 1891.
Shepard, Edward M., Life of Martin Van Buren. Boston, 1899 (American Statesmen).
Shipp, J. E. D., Life of William H. Crawford. Americus, Georgia, 1908.
Smith, Oliver H., Early Indiana Trials and Sketches. Cincinnati, 1858.
Smith, Mrs. Samuel Harrison. See Gaillard Hunt.
Smith, W. L. G., Life of Lewis Cass. New York, 1856.
Sparks, W. H., Memories of Fifty Years. Philadelphia, 1882.
Stanwood, Edward, History of Presidential Elections in the United States. Boston, 1912. American Tariff Controversies of the Nineteenth Century. Boston, 1903.
Stillé, Charles J., Life and Services of Joel R. Poinsett (pamphlet). Philadelphia, 1888.
Story, Joseph. See W. W. Story.
Story, W. W., Life and Letters of Joseph Story. 2 vols. Boston, 1851.
Sumner, William Graham, Life of Andrew Jackson. Boston, 1882 (American Statesmen).
Taney, Roger B. See Samuel Tyler.
Taussig, F. W., A Tariff History of the United States. New York, 1888.
Thorp, Francis Newton, The Statesmanship of Andrew Jackson. New York, 1909.
Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, Letters and Times of the Tylers. 2 vols. Richmond, 1884.
Tyler, Samuel, Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney. Baltimore, 1872.
Van Buren, Martin, Autobiography, edited by John C. Fitzpatrick.
American Historical Association Report, 1918, vol. II.
Vigne, Godfrey T., Six Months in America. Philadelphia, 1833.
Von Holst, H., The Constitutional and Political History of the United States. 6 vols. Chicago, 1889. Life of John C. Calhoun. Boston, 1886 (American Statesmen).
Webster, Daniel. See Henry Cabot Lodge, Peter Harvey, George Ticknor Curtis, Sidney George Fisher, and Fletcher Webster.
Webster, Fletcher, Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster. 2 vols. Boston, 1857.
Weed, Thurlow, Autobiography. 2 vols. Boston, 1884.
Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth, Social Life of the Early Republic. Philadelphia, 1902.
White, Hugh Lawson. See Nancy N. Scott.
Willis, N. P., American Scenery. 3 vols. London, 1840.
Wilson, Rufus R., Washington the Capital City. Philadelphia, 1901.
Wilson, Woodrow, History of the United States. 5 vols. New York, 1902.
Wirt, William. See John P. Kennedy.
Wise, Barton, Life of Henry A. Wise. New York, 1899.
Wise, Henry A., Seven Decades of the Union. Philadelphia, 1872. See Barton Wise.
Wright, Silas. See Jabez D. Hammond.
Congressional Debates and Congressional Globe, 1830-37.
The National Intelligencer, 1829-37.
The Washington Globe, 1831-37.
Documentary History of the U.S. Capitol Buildings and Grounds. House Doc. 646, 58th Congress, 1st Session.
Biographical Congressional Directory. Senate Doc. 654, 61st Congress, 2d Session.
John Forsyth MSS., in possession of Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
Notes
1 Life of Binney, 104.
2 Benton’s explanation of the delay of the Bank messenger with the petition for a recharter. Thirty Years’ View.
3 Van Buren to Butler, Retrospect of Forty Years, by Butler, 39-43.
4 Washington Globe, Nov. 17, 1832.
5 Thomas Hamilton, Men and Manners in America, 14.
6 Harriet Martineau, Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 143.
7 Retrospect of Forty Years, 47.
8 The present site of the National Hotel.
9 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 53-54.
10 On the site of the present Metropolitan.
11 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 43.
12 Present site of the Willard.
13 Retrospect of Forty Years, 48.
14 N. P. Willis, American Scenery, III, 49.
15 Men and Manners in America, 20, note.
16 Four o’clock.
17 Men and Manners, 20.
18 Frederick Seward’s Reminiscences, 17-19.
19 American Scenery, III, 49.
20 Men and Manners, 17.
21 Public Men and Events, I, 54.
22 American Scenery, II, 55.
23 Captain Marryat, A Diary in America, 163.
24 Public Men and Events, I, 55.
25 Public Men and Events, I, 54.
26 Life of Crawford, 183.
27 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 160.
28 Ibid., I, 144.
29 Public Men and Events, I, 54.
30 Godfrey T. Vigne, in Six Months in America, thought that “in the distance” Arlington “has the appearance of a superior English country residence.”
31 The Octagon House still standing and being preserved by the Institute of American Architects.
32 Men and Manners, 75.
33 Miss Martineau tells of visits to the museum and the skylight, I, 159.
34 William H. Seward’s Autobiography, I, 277.
35 Ibid.
36 Miss Martineau comments severely upon the levity of the women, I, 180.
37 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 179.
38 Men and Manners, 16.
39 Ibid., 65.
40 Six Months in America, 64.
41 Both Hamilton (Men and Manners) and Vigne, the English barrister (Six Months in America), were shocked at the utter lack of respect for the dignity of American courts, but were impressed with the solemnity and decorum in the Supreme Court.
42 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 165.
43 Men and Manners, 21.
44 Senator Tazewell of Virginia was one of these.
45 Van Buren to Butler, Retrospect of Forty Years, 39-43.
46 National Intelligencer, Jan. 30, 1831, advertised a house in Georgetown on Gay Street, “convenient for the accommodation of a genteel family, having all necessary outhouses, stabling, etc.,” for $300 a year payable quarterly.
47 Public Men and Events, I, 55.
48 Hamilton, in Men and Manners, comments severely upon this incongruity.
49 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 143.
50 Peggy Eaton and Mrs. Hugh Lawson White.
51 Retrospect of Forty Years, 59.
52 Near Fourteenth Street on the north side of the street.
53 Adams’s Memoirs, March 8, 1834.
54 Ibid., March 11, 1834.
55 Ibid., March 12, 1834.
56 Mrs. Margaret Bayard Smith, who recorded it in First Forty Years of American Society, Jan. 12, 1835, thought it exaggerated.
57 Mrs. Seaton, wife of the editor of the Intelligencer.
58 Mrs. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe lived in the house still standing on Lafayette Square, known in recent years as “The Little White House.” She was a famous hostess. President W. H. Harrison contracted the cold that killed him while walking through the slush from the White House to the Tayloes’ to offer a diplomatic post to the master of the house.
59 First Forty Years, 356.
60 Ibid., 368.
61 Men and Manners, 17.
62 Irving to Van Buren, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 610.
63 Letters and Times.
64 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 107.
65 Story to Sarah Waldo Story, Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
66 Story wrote the following lines to Miss Kemble:
“Genius and taste and feeling all combine
To make each province of the drama thine.
She first to Fancy’s bright creation gives
The very form and soul; it breathes—it lives.
She next with grace inimitable plays
In every gesture, action, tone and gaze.
The last to nature lends its subtlest art
And warms and wins and thrills and melts the heart.
Go, lovely woman, go. Enjoy thy fame.
A second Kemble with a deathless name.”
Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
67 Hone’s Diary, March 3, 1834.
68 “The public is most respectfully informed that, in consequence of the weather, the performance advertised for Thursday is postponed until Saturday evening, September 17th, 1831.” (National Intelligencer, Sept. 17, 1831.) “The Tyrolese Minstrels have to announce that, in consequence of the severity of the weather, their concert which was advertised for Saturday will be deferred until Monday evening.” (Ibid., Dec. 19. 1831.)
69 Advertisement in the Globe.
70 Life of Binney, 127.
71 Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
72 This charge was made on the floor by Henry A. Wise.
73 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 120.
74 Men and Manners, 20.
75 American Scenery, II, 50.
76 Diary in America, 163.
77 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 143.
78 A. Lafore, a coiffeur from Paris, had his establishment at Mrs. Doynes’s millinery store on the Avenue between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and advertised his skill in the local papers. National Intelligencer, Jan. 1, 1831.
79 First Forty Years, Jan. 26, 1830.
80 National Intelligencer, Jan. 2, 1831.
81 National Intelligencer, Feb. 16, 1831.
82 Miss Martineau thus describes the life of a lady of fashion, Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 145.
83 First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
84 Quoted by Ellet in Court Circles of the Republic, 163 n.
85 Letter to Mrs. Sarah Waldo Story, Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
86 Figures of the Past.
87 Mrs. Wharton’s Social Life of the Republic, 139, 179.
88 First Forty Years, Aug. 29, 1831.
89 Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 226.
90 A poet describing one of the Adams parties referred to “Forsyth with her group of graces”—her beautiful daughters.
91 Retrospect of Forty Years, 60.
92 Quincy, in Figures of the Past, was thus impressed, particularly with the daughter of Calhoun.
93 These descriptions of Miss Martineau’s are in harmony with those that sprinkle the pages of Mrs. Smith’s work.
94 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Miss Martineau’s Retrospect of Western Travel, and Adams’s Diary all indicate a gossipy city.
95 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 152.
96 The original from “Alphonse” in possession of Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
97 This, too, in the possession of Waddy Wood.
98 Court Circles of the Republic, 180.
99 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 168.
100 Retrospect of Forty Years, 60.
101 Mary C. Crawford, Romantic Days of the Early Republic, 207.
102 Francis Blair’s description, quoted in Rufus Rockwell Wilson’s Washington, the Capital City.
103 Hamilton, in Men and Manners, describes such garb at a ball given by the French Minister to the members of Congress.
104 First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
105 Butler, in his Retrospect of Forty Years, refers to this peculiarity of Fox’s (p. 61), and Bodisco, who gave the most brilliant dinners and dances, figured in the celebrated marriage to a girl of seventeen during Van Buren’s Administration.
106 Washington Globe, Feb. 1, 1833, announces these operas with Miss Hughes and Mrs. Anderson in leading rôles.
107 Advertisement in Washington Globe.
108 Announcing the opening of a spring school, and commenting on the general preference for the spring over the winter term, Carusi, in the Globe of Jan. 3, 1831, explained the disadvantages of the winter term to be “the disagreeable and long walks... the frequent inclemency of the weather, and the liability of sickness from exposure.”
109 Advertisement of Birchard & Company’s Shows, Washington Globe, June 13, 1833.
110 Chapman had not then been given the contract for the historical paintings in the Capitol rotunda, and exhibited fifty paintings on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Fourth Street, in the winter of 1833, charging twenty-five cents for admission and a catalogue. His advertisement in the Globe, Jan. 21.
111 Retrospect of Forty Years.
112 Six Months in America, 101.
113 Figures of the Past.
114 Weed’s Autobiography, 308-09.
115 Bradley’s Life of Isaac Hill. This circular may be seen in the Congressional Library.
116 Johnston and Woodburn’s American Political History.
117 Adams’s Memoirs.
118 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
119 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
120 Ibid., Jan. 12, 1829.
121 Ibid.
122 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
123 Webster’s Correspondence.
124 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
125 Buell, in his Life of Jackson, says he went to the Indian Queen, “where he was temporarily domiciled.” Mrs. Smith and President Adams, who were on the ground, agree that he stopped at Gadsby’s. It is possible that he went first to the Indian Queen and then removed to Gadsby’s.
126 Webster’s Correspondence.
127 Wirt wrote Monroe asking his advice about resigning, and Monroe advised this course, but expressed the opinion that Jackson would not want to dispense with his services.
128 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 96.
129 Amos Kendall’s Autobiography.
130 Later in the Cabinet.
131 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 283.
132 Adams, Crawford, and Calhoun.
133 Van Buren was thus known in his day.
134 Van Buren in his Autobiography ascribes his selection to the party managers.
135 See letter of Tazewell to Ritchie regarding the establishment of a party organ in Washington in Ambler’s Life of Thomas Ritchie.
136 See Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 101.
137 See ibid., p. 97, on Ingham’s original ambition.
138 Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 99, makes this unqualified statement. Professor Bassett, in his admirable Life of Jackson, p. 416, says that Jackson told Calhoun to notify the delegation of his willingness to see them. Knowing the delegation to be opposed to the man he favored, and to prefer Van Buren’s candidate, it seems more probable that Hamilton was the emissary and not the Carolinian.
139 The Carolinian’s opposition to Ingham was due to his tariff views.
140 From speech of Branch, quoted in Haywood’s brochure on Branch, pp. 14-15.
141 Adams knew of McLean’s treachery, and in his Memoirs denounces him bitterly.
142 Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 24, 1829.
143 Ibid., Feb. 28, 1829.
144 Wilson’s Washington, the Capital City, I, 251.
145 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 295.
146 Adams’s Memoirs, March 4, 1829.
147 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 98.
148 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 165-66.
149 Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 100, tells of his report to Jackson on Barry’s application.
150 Hamilton. See Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 90-91.
151 Mrs. Smith thus writes in the First Forty Years, and her salon was the center of Whig gossip.
152 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
153 Adams’s Memoirs, March 14, 1829.
154 First Forty Years, March 12, 1829.
155 Adams’s Memoirs, March 12, 1829.
156 American Statesmen Series.
157 Adams’s Memoirs, April 4, 1829.
158 Benton’s characterization of Van Buren’s Classification Bill; Thirty Years’ View.
159 Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 149.
160 Senator Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences, 59.
161 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 65.
162 Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
163 First Forty Years, Feb. 25, 1829.
164 Buell’s Life of Jackson.
165 His message of 1819, found in Haywood’s brochure on Branch, deals with the strangely barbarous custom of the times of lopping off the ears of perjurers.
166 Haywood relates this incident in his brochure.
167 Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 155.
168 Senator Foote describes it, in his Casket of Reminiscences, p. 14.
169 Perley’s Reminiscences.
170 Sketches of Public Characters. New York, 1830.
171 Lucian Lamar Knight, Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
172 Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
173 This speech was incorporated in the 4th volume of Elliot’s Debates as an exposition of the Constitution.
174 Knight’s Reminiscences.
175 Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
176 Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 148.
177 “Every State in New England is now ruled by the same aristocracy that ruled in 1798—that ruled during the late war.... A band of New England Democrats have encountered the dominant party at vast odds—they have suffered every species of persecution and contumely. Shall these men not be protected by the Administration of the people under General Jackson? If that Administration fail to extend this protection, then indeed it will fail of one of the principal objects for which the people placed them in power by at least two to one of the votes of the Union.”
178 Kendall’s Autobiography, 307.
179 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
180 Ibid.
181 Adams turned out but five.
182 Quoted by Francis P. Blair to Buell, author of the Life of Jackson.
183 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
184 McMaster’s History of the People of the United States.
185 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
186 Samuel Swartwout to Jesse Hoyt, in Mackenzie’s Life of Van Buren.
187 Ingham to Jesse Hoyt, Shepard’s Life of Van Buren, 210-11.
188 Shepard’s Life of Van Buren, 210.
189 Amos Kendall’s Autobiography, 286.
190 First Forty Years, 283.
191 Amos Kendall in a letter to his wife describes the extravagant lives of these clerks. Autobiography, 278.
192 Schouler’s History of the United States, 457.
193 Isaac Hill, quoted in Cyrus Bradley’s Life of Hill.
194 History of the United States.
195 Thirty Years’ View, I, 160.
196 Kendall’s Autobiography.
197 Bradley’s Life of Hill.
198 McKinney, The Office-Holder’s Sword of Damocles.
199 Story related by William Allen to Buell.
200 M. M. Cox.
201 William Pinckney.
202 John B. Swanton.
203 Timothy Upham.
204 D. L. White.
205 J. Robertson.
206 R. Arnold.
207 Asa Rogerson.
208 These facts are taken from Ritchie’s Richmond Enquirer, and are quoted in Professor Tyler’s Letters and Times of the Tylers.
209 Lodge’s Life of Webster, 167.
210 Professor Tyler’s Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 236.
211 Letter to his wife, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 288.
212 Letter to Dr. Curtis, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 305.
213 National Intelligencer, Sept. 15, 1859.
214 To Dr. Curtis.
215 The prediction of Justice Baldwin of the Supreme Court.
216 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 360.
217 Letter to John Rutherford, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 378.
218 G. P. R. James.
219 Letters and Times of the Tylers.
220 Tyler’s term, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
221 History of the United States.
222 Henry S. Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 99.
223 Henry S. Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 99.
224 Letter to Richard T. Brown, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 409.
225 Mrs. Smith, in First Forty Years, p. 253, refers to such conversations.
226 Letter to R. W. Christian, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
227 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
228 Von Holst.
229 Ritchie, in the Richmond Enquirer.
230 General Bernard, chief of staff of the engineers.
231 Von Holst, 58.
232 Joseph Story.
233 Adams’s Memoirs.
234 Webster wrote to his brother: “I hope all of New England will support Mr. Calhoun for the Vice-Presidency.” (Webster’s Correspondence.)
235 Von Holst, 62-63.
236 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 108.
237 Ibid., 109.
238 Sargent tells of his interview with Joseph McIlvaine, Recorder of Philadelphia, I, 108.
239 Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
240 Jefferson Davis in his Memoirs describes Calhoun’s eyes as “yellow-brown,” while his contemporary biographer, Jenkins, tells us they were dark blue. It seems unlikely that Davis, who knew him well, could have been mistaken.
241 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 13-40.
242 Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 28, 1830.
243 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
244 Philadelphia Gazette.
245 March’s idea.
246 Henry Cabot Lodge.
247 Lodge’s Life of Webster, 118.
248 Senator Foote, in A Casket of Reminiscences, 34-36, describes his early struggles to overcome defects in enunciation, and Ludwig Lewisohn, in his History of Literature in South Carolina, refers to his first oratorical triumph.
249 March, an idolater of Webster, in his Reminiscences of Congress, is almost extravagant in his praise, and Benton, in his Thirty Years’ View, is even more complimentary.
250 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 172.
251 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
252 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
253 Lodge’s Life of Webster, 177.
254 First Forty Years, 310.
255 Thirty Years’ View, I, 142.
256 Adams, in his Memoirs, refers to the speech as “a remarkable instance of readiness in debate—a reply of at least four hours to a speech of equal length. It demolishes the whole fabric of Hayne’s speech, so that it leaves scarcely a wreck to be seen.”
257 Letter from Washington Alston Hayne, grandson, to Jervey, Hayne’s biographer.
258 Parton’s Life of Jackson.
259 Van Buren’s Autobiography.
260 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 414.
261 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 415.
262 Van Buren is authority for the statement that the President, who had prepared the toast as given in the text, really gave it—“Our Union—it must be preserved,” and that Hayne left his seat and hastened to him to beg him to insert the word “Federal.” “This,” says Van Buren, “was an ingenuous suggestion, as it seemed to make the rebuke less pungent, although it really had no such effect. The President cheerfully assented because, in point of fact, the addition only made the toast what he originally designed it to be—he having rewritten it in the bustle and excitement of the occasion, on the back of the list of regular toasts which had been laid before him, instead of using the copy in his pocket, and having omitted that word inadvertently.” (Van Buren’s Autobiography, 415).
263 Isaac Hill’s description.
264 Hamilton to Forsyth, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 369.
265 This he afterwards amended to the extent of saying that Calhoun had urged a reprimand of some sort.
266 Letter to Judge Tait, Shipp’s Life of William H. Crawford, 152.
267 Crawford in his letter to Calhoun quotes Senator Noble of Indiana, who lived in the same lodging-house with Edwards, to this effect. Shipp’s Life of Crawford, 247.
268 Crawford’s Washington country home was situated near Thomas Circle, five blocks from the Willard Hotel, and all beyond was farmlands.
269 The scene at the Crawford home is elaborately described by an eye-witness in Shipp’s biography of Crawford.
270 Van Buren, in his Autobiography, p. 376, convincingly exonerates himself from all complicity.
271 Adams’s Memoirs, Jan. 30, 1831.
272 Memoirs, Jan. 15, 1831.
273 Ibid., Jan. 26. 1831.
274 Ibid., Jan. 30, 1831.
275 Attorney-General in Monroe’s and Adams’s Cabinets.
276 Memoirs, Feb. 4, 1831.
277 Ibid., Feb. 4. 1831.
278 Ibid., Feb. 5, 1831.
279 Memoirs, Feb. 12, 1831.
280 This letter of Crawford’s was returned to the writer, according to Shipp’s Life of Crawford, p. 210, which contains the letter—a vicious philippic—and Calhoun’s brief note on returning it.
281 Memoirs, Feb. 16, 1831.
282 Ibid., Feb. 17, 1831.
283 Memoirs, Feb. 21, 1831.
284 Ibid., Feb. 22, 1831.
285 It was not until Jackson had asked Hamilton for Forsyth’s letter that the latter told Van Buren of its contents. Van Buren’s Autobiography, 373.
286 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 168.
287 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 122.
288 Perley’s Reminiscences.
289 First Forty Years, 253.
290 Haywood’s Branch.
291 Rev. J. N. Campbell.
292 Schouler, III, 492.
293 First Forty Years, 311.
294 Haywood’s Branch.
295 Adams’s Memoirs, March 18, 1830.
296 Shepard.
297 Vaughan of Great Britain and the Russian Minister.
298 Mrs. Smith.
299 Mary C. Crawford, Romantic Days of the Early Republic, 219.
300 Memoirs, March 3, 1830.
301 Ibid., July 8, 1829.
302 Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 6, 1830.
303 Van Buren probably gives the true story in his Autobiography, 343-44.
304 Adams’s Memoirs.
305 Later Vice-President and noted as slayer of Tecumseh.
306 Letter from Branch, in Haywood’s Branch.
307 First Forty Years, 311.
308 The story of the resignation is told in detail in Van Buren’s Autobiography.
309 Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 130, tells of the ride to Wilmington.
310 Published in Haywood’s Branch.
311 Letters published in Haywood’s Branch.
312 During the Bank controversy Ingham attacked Jackson and defended the Bank. He died in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1860, never having held office after leaving the Jackson Cabinet.
313 Berrien’s position is clearly disclosed in conversations with Francis Scott Key, who wrote Roger Taney. See Tyler’s Life of Taney.
314 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 423.
315 At Philadelphia, where he met Dallas, an intimate, Livingston appears to have discussed nothing more important than his rosebuds at Montgomery Place. Hunt’s Life of Livingston.
316 First Forty Years, 252, 319.
317 Letter from F. W. Armstrong, quoted in Nancy Scott’s Memoir of Hugh Lawson White.
318 Nancy Scott’s Memoir of Hugh Lawson White.
319 Van Buren commenced the cross-examination of Cass in a flippant manner, but was almost instantly sobered by the demeanor and dignity of the witness. Young’s Life of Lewis Cass.
320 Key’s letter to Taney, Tyler’s Life of Taney.
321 Tyler’s Life of Taney.
322 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 423.
323 Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
324 Letter to Taney, Tyler’s Life of Taney.
325 First Forty Years, 320.
326 MS. letter of Arthur Schaaf to Senator John Forsyth, written from Georgetown June 25, 1831, furnished the author by Mr. Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
327 Memoirs, April 25, 1831.
328 Hamilton took the stump in a vain attempt to defeat his reëlection.
329 Senator Beveridge, in his monumental work on John Marshall, gives in detail the legal phases of the controversy, IV, 100-16.
330 Hunt’s Life of Livingston describes in detail Livingston’s activities in connection with the battle of New Orleans.
331 These came to be known as the “Coodies,” and Taney was known an “King Coodie” to indicate his unquestioned leadership. Tyler’s Life of Taney.
332 Drayton was Congressman from Charleston during the Nullification fight and strongly supported Jackson.
333 Tyler relates the incident of a personal friend of Taney’s, temporarily connected with the custom house in New York, sending him a box of cigars without his card, while he was Attorney-General. Not knowing who sent them, Taney put them aside. After leaving office, and learning the donor’s identity, he wrote an appreciative note enclosing the price of the cigars.
334 See McLaughlin’s Life of Cass, 99, 100, for details of his fight against British insults and interference.
335 See Smith’s Life of Cass for letter.
336 “France: Its King, Court and Government”; “Three Hours at St. Cloud’s”; and “The Modern French Judicature.” He also, on the request of Jackson, wrote the best account of the battle of New Orleans.
337 See McLaughlin’s Life of Cass; Young’s biography, written during Cass’s lifetime, in Smith’s Life of Cass.
338 Kendall’s Autobiography, 73.
339 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 156.
340 Kendall’s Autobiography, 175.
341 Henry Watterson’s oration on Prentice, “Compromises of Life.”
342 Kendall’s Autobiography, 303.
343 Ibid., 278.
344 Ibid., 279.
345 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 130.
346 Rufus Rockwell Wilson, Washington the Capital City, I, 263.
347 Kendall is thus described at forty-five.
348 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 155-57.
349 Sumner’s Life of Jackson.
350 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 325.
351 Ibid., 579.
352 In the Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919) are numerous letters between the banker and Lewis, indicative of a desire on the part of the latter to conciliate the former and save his chief from the hazards of a bitter fight.
353 Professor J. S. Bassett’s Life of Jackson, II, 399.
354 Professor Frederic Austin Ogg’s Reign of Andrew Jackson.
355 Bradley’s Life of Hill.
356 General Leavenworth’s letter, quoted in Bradley’s Life of Hill.
357 Hill took notice of this brutality: “There is an Almighty Power Who tempers the wind to the shorn lambs, Who will preserve us from such a calamity, and Who will not suffer our intellectual vision to be dimmed until our work shall be accomplished.”
358 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 541.
359 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 109.
360 Ibid., 247.
361 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 128, gives the version of the establishment of the Globe which Van Buren in his Autobiography quotes.
362 Kendall’s Autobiography, 370-74.
363 George Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky, Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol. XIV.
364 George Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky. Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol. XIV.
365 Globe, Feb. 17, 1834.
366 This is Kendall’s story in his Autobiography. He gives no hint that Jackson contributed a penny. George Henry Payne, in his History of Journalism in the United States, says that the establishment of the Globe cost Jackson $50,000 a year, but as this version is Green’s, it is not at all convincing or probable.
367 Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky.
368 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 323.
369 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 191.
370 Cong. Globe, April 14. 1836.
371 Ibid., April 20, 1836.
372 Ibid., May 13, 1836.
373 Mr. Williams of Kentucky, ibid., May 30. 1836.
374 Cong. Globe, June 3, 1836.
375 Buchanan to Livingston. Buchanan’s Works, II, 899.
376 Buchanan’s Works, II, 300-01.
377 The public improvement feature of internal improvement was of less importance with the politician than the pork-barrel phase. See Schouler’s History.
378 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 187.
379 First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
380 Adams’s Memoirs.
381 Colton’s Life and Correspondence of Clay.
382 Clay to Senator Johnson, Clay’s Works, IV, 265.
383 Clay’s Works, IV, 275.
384 Ibid., IV, 321.
385 Jackson refers to his instructions in his Message of December, 1831.
386 Benton, by quoting the instructions and Gallatin’s report, shows the dishonesty of the simulated indignation. (Thirty Years’ View, I, 216-17.)
387 Rufus King had furnished a precedent when he described the John Adams Administration to the British. (King’s Works.)
388 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 217.
389 Senator Holmes of Maine.
390 Jervey’s Robert Y. Hayne.
391 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 427.
392 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
393 Weed’s Autobiography, 375.
394 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 219.
395 Bradley’s Life of Hill.
396 So described by Senator Smith of Maryland.
397 Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 314.
398 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
399 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 46.
400 Clay’s Works, IV, 328-29.
401 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 438.
402 Adams in his Memoirs makes numerous references to these calls.
403 Adams’s Memoirs, March 2, 1832.
404 Ibid., March 3, 1832.
405 March, in his Reminiscences of Congress, describes him as “cold, passionless and inscrutable as the Egyptian sphinx, whose fate, too, his own resembled.”
406 Brother of John C.
407 O’Neall’s Bench and Bar of South Carolina.
408 Figures of the Past.
409 Public Men and Events, I, 117.
410 O’Neall’s Bench and Bar of South Carolina.
411 “I know that he had no faith in Nullification.” (O’Neall.) “It would seem that he was willing to rest the case of the State upon the bare right of revolution.” (David F. Houston’s Study of Nullification in South Carolina.)
412 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 81.
413 Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 340.
414 Clay’s Works, IV, 331.
415 “He [King] has availed himself of another’s aid, and the hand of the Senator from Missouri is as visible in the composition, as if his name had been subscribed to the instrument.” (Clay’s speech of June 20, 1832.)
416 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 150.
417 Hill’s explanatory speech in the Senate, March 3, 1834, differs radically from the generally accepted story, and has the ring of truth.
418 Schouler, IV, 44.
419 In Reginald C. McGrane’s Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, see Biddle to John Harper, 67; to John Nichol, 72; to Robert Lenox, 72; to A. Dickens, 77; to Major Lewis, 80; to Samuel Jaudon, 82.
420 Pray, Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett, I, 148.
421 Ibid.
422 Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
423 Parton, II, 654.
424 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 88.
425 Ibid., 91.
426 Biddle to Samuel Smith, ibid., 94.
427 Ibid., 97.
428 Charles Augustus Davis, ibid., 101.
429 Clay to Biddle, ibid., 105.
430 Lewis to Biddle, ibid., 103.
431 Roswell L. Colt, ibid., 104.
432 Josiah Nichol to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
433 Biddle to Nichol, ibid., 107.
434 Clay to Biddle, ibid., 110.
435 Biddle to Clay, ibid., 115.
436 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 124.
437 Ibid., 126.
438 See Biddle’s memorandum on conference, ibid., 128.
439 Speech at Cincinnati, Clay’s Works, VII, 396.
440 Commenting on it in the Globe, Jan. 14, 1832, Blair concludes: “The object of the Bank and politicians who build their hopes upon its power is at once to procure a new charter from a Congress which has not been elected by the people to pass upon that question.”
441 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 234.
442 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 235-36.
443 Ibid., 234-35.
444 Edward Shippen to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 136.
445 Ibid., 138.
446 Robert Gibbs to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 139.
447 C. F. Mercer to Biddle, ibid., 140.
448 Clay to Biddle, ibid., 142.
449 Webster to Biddle, ibid., 145.
450 Site of the Willard, 14th Street and the Avenue.
451 These ten, Dickerson of New Jersey, Dallas and Wilkins of Pennsylvania, Smith of Maryland, Mangum of North Carolina, Forsyth of Georgia, Poindexter of Mississippi, Kane and Robinson of Illinois, and Hendricks of Indiana.
452 For Cadwalader’s reports see Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 146-61.
453 McLane to Biddle, ibid., 165.
454 Webster to Biddle, ibid., 169.
455 Weed’s Autobiography, I, 373.
456 Weed’s Autobiography, I, 373.
457 Ingersoll to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 187.
458 Ibid., 188.
459 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 243.
460 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 244.
461 Biddle to Cadwalader, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 191.
462 Ibid., 192.
463 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 192.
464 Clay’s Works, IV, 340.
465 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 243.
466 Ingersoll to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 183.
467 Van Buren’s Political Parties in the United States, 314.
468 Ibid.
469 Buell.
470 Van Buren’s Political Parties in the United Slates, 218.
471 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 193.
472 Political Parties in the United States, 313-14, and 317.
473 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
474 Blair reproduced this in the Globe of July 26th in the midst of the campaign.
475 Washington Globe, July 14, 1832.
476 Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
477 Political Parties in the United States, 321.
478 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View.
479 Globe, Aug. 29, 1832.
480 This document is in Amos Kendall’s Autobiography, 296-303.
481 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 429.
482 Judge Brooke.
483 Clay to Brooke. Clay’s Works, IV, 332-33.
484 Globe, Aug. 25, 1832.
485 Globe, Aug. 29, 1832.
486 Ibid., Sept. 5, 1832.
487 Ibid., Sept. 7, 1832.
488 Anti-Mason candidate for Governor.
489 Clay to Bailbache, Clay’s Works, IV, 289.
490 Richard Rush to Clay, Clay’s Works, IV, 299.
491 Clay’s Works, IV, 304.
492 Ibid., 306.
493 Ibid., 307-08.
494 See Kennedy’s Life of Wirt.
495 Clay’s Works, IV, 316.
496 Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 314.
497 Ibid., 318.
498 William H. Seward’s Autobiography, 100.
499 Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 339.
500 Wirt to Carr, Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 328-29.
501 Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 331.
502 Globe, Oct. 8, 1832.
503 McMaster, IV, 145.
504 Van Buren’s Political Parties, 323.
505 McMaster, IV, 146.
506 See Biddle to James Hunter, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 127.
507 John Tilford.
508 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 197.
509 Globe, Sept. 26, 1832.
510 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 281.
511 Van Buren’s Political Parties, 323.
512 Editor of the Intelligencer.
513 Globe, Sept. 15, 1832.
514 Ibid., Feb. 1. 1832.
515 Parton’s Jackson, III, 423; McMaster, IV, 147. Some of these cartoons may be seen at the Congressional Library.
516 Globe, Sept. 26, 1832, affidavit of John C. Rives.
517 Globe, July 28, 1832.
518 Duff Green’s expression.
519 Globe, Oct. 17, 1832.
520 Clay’s home.
521 Globe, Oct. 23, 1832.
522 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 248.
523 M. Chevalier, as quoted by Sargent, Public Men and Events, I, 249.
524 From the Globe.
525 Description in the Globe.
526 Globe, Jan. 14, 1832.
527 Ibid., Jan. 18, 1832.
528 Ibid., July 21, 1832.
529 Globe, Aug. 22, 1832. The Globe published Hill’s speech in full, the only one thus noticed in the campaign except Forsyth’s tariff speech attacking Clay, and C. K. Ingersoll’s tribute to Jackson at Philadelphia.
530 That this was done is disclosed in the Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle.
531 Clay’s Works, IV. 337.
532 Life of Wirt, II, 378.
533 This story was related by William Allen of Ohio to Buell, who uses it in his Life of Jackson.
534 Letters to Hamilton, Reminiscences, 231.
535 Blair, as quoted by Buell.
536 See Houston’s Nullification in South Carolina, 27-28.
537 Ibid., 70.
538 Stillé’s Life and Services of Joel R. Poinsett.
539 For this letter in full see Calhoun’s Works, or Jenkins’s Life of Calhoun, 195-232.
540 Poinsett’s letter to Jackson, Oct. 23, 1830. Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
541 Adams’s Memoirs, May 13, 1830.
542 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 247.
543 George Breathitt, brother of the Governor of Kentucky.
544 Smith’s Life of Cass, 269-71.
545 Cass to Scott, Smith’s Life of Cass.
546 Jackson to Poinsett, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
547 Letter to Poinsett, Feb. 7, 1833, Life of Poinsett.
548 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 248.
549 These letters, in possession of the Livingston family, were used by Hunt in his Life of Livingston.
550 Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
551 Lodge’s Life of Webster, 208.
552 Beveridge’s John Marshall, IV, 570-73.
553 Letter to Richard Peters, Life and Letters of Story, II, 113.
554 Memoirs, Dec. 25, 1832.
555 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 152.
556 Ibid.
557 Ibid., 153.
558 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 448.
559 Ibid., 451.
560 Richmond Enquirer, Dec. 13, 1832.
561 Diary, Dec. 12, 1832.
562 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 250.
563 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 545-53.
564 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 553.
565 For Van Buren’s report, see Autobiography, 550-52.
566 Jervey’s Robert Y. Hayne.
567 Memoirs, Dec. 26, 1832.
568 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
569 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 14, 1832.
570 Jenkins, 246.
571 First Forty Years, Dec. 25, 1832.
572 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
573 Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
574 Letter to Jackson, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
575 Poinsett to Drayton, Stillés Life of Poinsett.
576 Letter to Poinsett, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
577 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 460.
578 Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
579 Instructions in letter of Cass to Scott, Smith’s Life of Cass.
580 Jackson to Poinsett, Feb. 7, 1833, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
581 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 140.
582 March’s Reminiscences of Congress, and Perley’s Reminiscences.
583 Story to Brazier, Life and Letters of Story, II, 124.
584 March, in his Reminiscences of Congress, gives the best description of the Force Bill debate.
585 Jackson to Poinsett, Feb. 17, 1833, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
586 Thirty Years’ View.
587 Life of Webster, 214-15.
588 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 201.
589 Thirty Years’ View, I, 342.
590 Ibid.
591 Ibid.
592 Comegys, Memoir of Clayton.
593 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
594 Thirty Years’ View.
595 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 343.
596 Perley’s Reminiscences.
597 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 138.
598 Clayton’s speech on the compromise tariff.
599 Van Buren thought Clay’s action patriotic and Webster’s “bloody.” (Autobiography, 554-57.)
600 Globe, Feb. 20, 1833.
601 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
602 Jackson to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences.
603 Letcher’s character and status are discussed by Adams, Memoirs, March 5, 1831.
604 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
605 Benton makes the point that Clayton, and not Clay or Calhoun, was the master of the situation. (Thirty Years’ View, I, 344.)
606 Globe, March 2, 1833.
607 Thirty Years’ View, I, 345.
608 Mohawk Gazette.
609 Adams’s Memoirs, March 2, 1833.
610 Autobiography, 600.
611 Professor Bassett credits the appointment to McLane (Life of Jackson), and Parton has it that it was a personal appointment of Jackson’s (Parton’s Life of Jackson, II, 632).
612 See George Henry Payne’s History of Journalism in the United States, 176-89.
613 These editorial comments were copied in the Globe by Blair.
614 Henry Lee, quoted by Bassett, Life of Jackson, II, 633.
615 Thurlow Weed’s Autobiography.
616 Hone in his Diary, hostile, recorded, after witnessing the ovation, that he was “certainly the most popular man we have ever known.” (June 13, 1833.)
617 Josiah Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
618 Memoirs, June 17, June 18, June 27, July 2, 1833.
619 See Quincy’s Figures of the Past for graphic description of the Massachusetts ovations.
620 Hamilton had been previously warned of the plan by McLane. (Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 253.)
621 Van Buren gives the impression that he actually helped Jackson work out his plans on this trip. (Autobiography, 602-03.)
622 Hamilton’s story in his Reminiscences.
623 Memoirs, July 2, 1833.
624 Catterall’s Second Bank of the United States, 128.
625 Cooper to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 208.
626 Globe, March 23, 1833.
627 Catterall, Second Bank of the United Slates, 290.
628 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 251.
629 Kendall’s Autobiography, 374-75.
630 See Theodore Roosevelt’s Life of Benton, 103 and 110, on Biddle’s character.
631 Kendall’s Autobiography.
632 Taney’s letter to Jackson at Rip Raps in August thus referred to this advice previously given. (Tyler’s Life of Taney.)
633 Kendall’s Autobiography, 376.
634 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 602.
635 During this time Jackson was deluged by propaganda letters on behalf of the Bank from “friends.” (Blair to Van Buren, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 607.)
636 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 214.
637 Kendall’s Autobiography.
638 Bennett soon afterwards established the New York Herald.
639 Significantly enough, Van Buren overlooks this incident in his Autobiography.
640 Kendall’s Autobiography, 383.
641 Globe, July 31, 1833.
642 Pennsylvanian.
643 Globe, Sept. 7, 1833.
644 Blair carefully collected all such threats and published them in the Globe.
645 Kendall’s Autobiography, 391.
646 Letter to Stevenson, in Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 160.
647 Diddle was trying to make it appear that the real fight was “between Chestnut Street and Wall Street—between a Faro Bank and a National Bank,” as shown in his letter to Dr. Cooper. (Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 209.)
648 Tyler’s Life of Taney.
649 Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 203.
650 Kendall, in his Autobiography, gives no hint of such discouragement or advice.
651 Letter in Tyler’s Life of Taney.
652 The story of the added paragraph is told in Tyler’s Life of Taney.
653 Kendall’s Autobiography, 886.
654 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 266.
655 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 379.
656 These notes are incorporated in the 5th Exhibit accompanying Duane’s Address to the People of the United States.
657 Kendall charges that Duane hoped to “feather his nest.” (Autobiography, 385.)
658 He served the Bank feebly during the fight that followed.
659 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 216.
660 Van Buren’s first choice was John Forsyth, or some Southerner, “if he is a speaking man.” (Autobiography, 606.) He tells of Daniel’s timidity in his Political Parties in the United States, 322.
661 See Van Buren’s letter to Butler, in William Allen Butler’s A Retrospect of Forty Years, 39-43.
662 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 280.
663 Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 318.
664 Ibid.
665 Diary, Nov. 18, 1833.
666 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 218.
667 Hone’s Diary, Dec. 27, 1833.
668 Hone’s Diary, Dec. 30, 1833.
669 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 270.
670 William Appleton.
671 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 219.
672 Catterall severely criticizes the banker for this attitude; for Catterall’s righteous sentence on this state of mind, see Second Bank of the United States, 229.
673 Second Bank of the United States, 321.
674 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 219.
675 Notably James Watson Webb.
676 Binney to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 220.
677 Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 222.
678 Ibid., 218.
679 Memoirs, April 14, 1834.
680 Hone’s Diary, Jan. 28, 1834.
681 Ibid., Feb. 7, 1834.
682 Kendall’s Autobiography, 411.
683 History of the United States, IV, 201.
684 Kendall’s Autobiography, 412.
685 Seven Decades of the Union, 107.
686 Catterall’s view, Second Bank of the United States, 344.
687 Laborde.
688 Wilson’s Washington the Capital City, I, 244.
689 Seven Decades of the Union.
690 Ibid.
691 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 6, 1833.
692 Cong. Globe, I, 20-21.
693 Cong. Globe, 23.
694 Written Dec. 30, 1833, and quoted by Catterall.
695 Webster to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 218.
696 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 19, 1833.
697 Story to Webster, Life and Letters of Story, II, 156-58.
698 Clay’s Works, V, 379.
699 Mrs. Smith, in First Forty Years, touches on this feature.
700 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 424.
701 Cong. Globe, I, 74 and 123.
702 Van Buren vividly describes these scenes, in his Autobiography, 726-27.
703 Cong. Globe, I, 101.
704 Senator Frelinghuysen, Cong. Globe, I, 129.
705 Cong. Globe, I, 203.
706 Cong. Globe, I, 228.
707 Clay’s Works, V, 377.
708 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 484.
709 Cong. Globe, I, 344.
710 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 422.
711 Washington Globe, Feb. 13, 1834.
712 Clay’s Works, VII, 575-620.
713 Adams’s Memoirs, Jan. 23, 1834; Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 353.
714 March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
715 Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 333.
716 Ibid.
717 Clay’s Works, V, 377.
718 Such is Catterall’s view.
719 Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 143.
720 Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 336.
721 Cong. Globe, I, 264.
722 “Our city is full of distress committees. The more the better.” (Clay to Brooke, Works, V, 377.)
723 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 420.
724 Van Buren’s statement to Senator Foote, as given in the Casket of Reminiscences.
725 Clay’s speech, Cong. Globe, I, 269.
726 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 424.
727 See Richardson’s Messages and Papers of the Presidents.
728 Cong. Globe, I, 317.
729 Ibid., 318.
730 Ibid.
731 Ibid., 321.
732 Ibid., 323.
733 Feb. 10, 1834.
734 Cong. Globe, I, 328.
735 Ibid., 368.
736 Especially the famous passage inspired by memories of his emotions on the ramparts of Quebec.
737 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, II, 213.
738 Cong. Globe, I, 24.
739 Cong. Globe, 25.
740 Ibid., 43.
741 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 23, 1833.
742 Cong. Globe, I, 68.
743 Ibid., 84-94.
744 Washington Globe, June 3, 1834.
745 Adams’s Memoirs, March 28, 1834.
746 Adams refers to his “cadaverous look.”
747 Cong. Globe, I, 272.
748 Jenkins, Life of Polk.
749 The report very clearly explained the reasons. (Cong. Globe, I, 446-48.)
750 Cong. Globe, I, 409.
751 Cong. Globe, I, 454.
752 Letters and Times of the Tylers.
753 Hone’s Diary, March 4, 5, 6, 1834.
754 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 282.
755 Hone’s Diary, March 21, 1834.
756 Ibid., April 15, 1834.
757 Hone’s Diary, April 23, 1834.
758 Ibid., May 12, 1834.
759 Professor Tyler, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 478, graphically shows the hotchpotch nature of the alliance.
760 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie.
761 Van Buren, finding his friend treacherous, discusses the resignation and the character of McLane at length in his Autobiography, 611.
762 Biddle to Appleton, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 240.
763 Hamilton to Woodworth, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 244.
764 Hone’s Diary, Oct. 4, 1834.
765 Cong. Globe, I, 318.
766 Diary, Oct. 31, 1834.
767 Ibid., Nov. 5, 1834.
768 Diary, Nov. 6, 1834.
769 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 160.
770 Ibid., 166.
771 The story of the Mississippi contest is told by Senator Foote in A Casket of Reminiscences, 217-18.
772 Diary, Nov. 5, 1834.
773 Weed’s Autobiography, I, 372.
774 Albany Journal, Nov. 15, 1834.
775 Hone’s Diary, April 17, and Dec. 14, 1841.
776 Ibid., Jan. 18, 1844.
777 Cong. Globe, I, 176.
778 Thirty Years’ View, I, 550.
779 The words of the official reporter of the Congressional Globe.
780 Professor MacDonald, in Jacksonian Democracy, p. 246, says that “a large part of the deficit, however, was fairly chargeable to the cost of the large number of post-offices and post-routes established in 1832.”
781 Cong. Globe, I, 206.
782 Cong. Globe, I, 283, merely refers to the excitement. Sargent’s Public Men and Events gives the details.
783 Jacksonian Democracy, 51.
784 A Casket of Reminiscences, 65.
785 Kendall’s Autobiography, 337.
786 Ibid.
787 Autobiography, 351.
788 Miss Martineau graphically describes the attempt in her Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 161.
789 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 509.
790 Washington Globe, Feb. 2, 1835.
791 Cong. Globe, I, 183-84.
792 Washington Globe, Feb. 7. 1835.
793 Washington Globe, Feb. 23, 1835, sets forth all these facts.
794 Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 163.
795 Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years, 335.
796 Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years.
797 Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years, 336-41; also, Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences, 218-20.
798 Washington Globe, Feb. 28. 1835.
799 Forsyth of Nydie, by Forsyth de Fronsac.
800 J. F. H. Claiborne, in The Cabinet: Past and Present.
801 Knight’s Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
802 In a letter written Mrs. Forsyth on board the U.S.S. Hornet bearing him to the Court of Spain, now in possession of Waddy Wood, a descendant, Washington, D.C., the beautiful relations of the Forsyths are impressively disclosed.
803 Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
804 Ibid.
805 Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
806 Knight’s Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
807 Claiborne’s The Cabinet: Past and Present.
808 Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years.
809 See Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences; Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia; and Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
810 This letter from Arthur Schaaf to Forsyth, written from Georgetown, June 25, 1831, is in possession of Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
811 Livingston to McLane, Messages and Papers, III, 130.
812 Buchanan’s diary, Sept. 12, 1833, Buchanan’s Works, II, 388.
813 Buchanan’s Works, II, 290-91.
814 Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 130.
815 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 163.
816 Associated with Blair in the publication of the Globe.
817 Wise’s Seven Decades of the Union, 145-46.
818 Lewis to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 283.
819 Hone’s Diary, Dec. 3, 1834.
820 Ibid., Jan. 1, 1835.
821 Letter to Judge May, Life and Letters of Story, II, 192.
822 Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 132.
823 Ibid.
824 Ibid., 135-36.
825 Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 137-38.
826 De Rigny to Livingston, ibid., 138-39.
827 Washington Globe, Dec. 6, 1834.
828 Ibid.
829 Ibid., Dec. 17, 1834.
830 Cong. Globe, II, 95.
831 Leigh and Preston.
832 Cong. Globe, II, 125.
833 Hunt’s Life of Livingston; Messages and Papers, III, 202-08.
834 Notes exchanged between Forsyth and Serurier, Messages and Papers, III, 144-45.
835 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 283.
836 Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 284.
837 Cong. Globe, II, 309-10.
838 Ibid., 310-11.
839 Cong. Globe, II, 312.
840 Ibid., 312-13.
841 Ibid., 313.
842 Binney’s Diary; Life of Binney, 126.
843 Cong. Globe, II, 320.
844 Cong. Globe, II, 322.
845 General Linder’s Early Bench and Bar of Illinois, 48.
846 Cong. Globe, II, 322.
847 Buchanan’s Works, II, 439-41.
848 Thirty Years’ View, I, 594.
849 The then prevalent belief.
850 Cong. Globe, II, 330.
851 Serurier to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 211; Forsyth to Livingston, ibid., 210.
852 Hone’s Diary, March 14, 1835.
853 Quoted by Benton, Thirty Years’ View, I, 592.
854 Messages and Papers, III, 178-79.
855 Hone’s Diary, June 23, 1835.
856 Hone’s Diary, July 4. 1835.
857 Hone’s Diary, Jan. 26, 1836.
858 Hunt’s Life of Livingston.
859 The naval activities in France are set forth by Benton, in Thirty Years’ View, I, 592-93.
860 Cong. Globe, II, 91-92.
861 Ibid., 92.
862 At that time it was generally believed that a Congress died at midnight on the 3d of March rather than at noon on the 4th, as now assumed.
863 Webster’s Works, IV, 205-29.
864 Cong. Globe, II. 130-32. Reference is also made to the debate in Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 309.
865 Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 29, 1836.
866 Messages and Papers, III, 221-22.
867 Fiske’s Historical Essays, I, 308.
868 Ibid., 307.
869 Foster’s A Century of American Diplomacy, 273.
870 Lewis to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 259.
871 Clay’s Works, V, 393-94.
872 Benton’s Thirty Years’ View.
873 This letter was published in the Frankfort Argus and copied by Blair into the Washington Globe, Nov. 28, 1835.
874 Washington Globe, Nov. 30, 1835.
875 Polk to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 254.
876 Washington Globe, April 2, 1835.
877 May 28th, “Mr. Bell and the Speakership”; May 30th, “Mr. Bell and Judge White”; June 1st, “The Bank President and Mr. Bell”; June 2d, “Mr. Bell and the Bank”; June 3d, “Mr. Bell—His Banking Facilities”; June 4th, “The Result of Mr. Bell’s Machinations”; July 3d, “Bell and Gales”; July 10th, “John Bell and Davy Crockett”; August 21st, “Mr. Bell’s Preparation to Bargain Off Judge White’s Party in the House of Representatives.”
878 Washington Globe, June 5, 1834.
879 Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 170.
880 Clay’s Works, V, 393-95.
881 Ibid., 397-99.
882 Clay’s Works, V, 399.
883 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 519.
884 John Quincy Adams could see no other object.
885 Clay’s Works, V, 378.
886 Forsyth to Van Buren, Butler’s Retrospect of Forty Years, 78, 79.
887 See Montgomery’s Life of Harrison, 308-10.
888 This is Shepard’s view in his Life of Van Buren, 256.
889 Crockett’s Life of Van Buren, 26.
890 Ibid., 58.
891 Ibid., 27.
892 Crockett’s Life of Van Buren, 80.
893 Adams’s Diary, April 13, 1835.
894 Hone’s Diary, Oct. 26, 1835.
895 Van Buren’s Autobiography, 225-26, n.
896 Tyler’s Life of Taney.
897 Blair gives the details of the conversation, in which he participated, in the Globe of August 12, 1835.
898 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 527.
899 Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 537.
900 Cong. Globe, 1st Session, 24th Congress, 308.
901 For story of the attempt see Foster’s letter to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 337-38.
902 Black of Mississippi; Leigh of Virginia; Nicholas and Porter of Louisiana; and Preston of South Carolina.
903 Cuthbert, Moore, and Walker.
904 Calhoun and White.
905 Cong. Globe, 1st Session, 24th Congress, Dec. 21, 1835.
906 Ibid.
907 Ibid.
908 Ibid.
909 Calhoun’s speech, Cong. Globe, April 12, 1836.
910 Ibid.
911 Cong. Globe, April 13, 1836.
912 Ibid.
913 Thirty Years’ View, I, 587.
914 Charles. H. Peck in The Jacksonian Epoch, implies (p. 281) that the tie vote was arranged by Van Buren’s friends, but Benton, who was one of the most intimate, takes the opposite view. In his Autobiography, Van Buren makes no reference to the incident.
915 Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 340-42.
916 South Carolina’s candidate for President.
917 Cong. Globe, Feb. 17, 1836.
918 Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 333-34.
919 Adams’s Memoirs, Nov. 11, 1836.
920 Ibid., Oct. 9, 1834. As we have noted, however, Adams in other parts of his diary is cordial to Van Buren, and Van Buren’s Autobiography shows the latter to have admired Adams.
921 Hone’s Diary, April 8, 1836.
922 Clay to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 367. Clay’s real dislike of Webster is discussed by Van Buren in his Autobiography, 677-79.
923 For Jackson’s activities in Tennessee see Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 356.
924 White’s speech, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 346-55.
925 Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 198.
926 Appendix, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress, 274-77.
927 Schouler, IV, 133.
928 Afterward Senator.
929 Fairfield’s testimony, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress.
930 Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 334.
931 Appendix, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress, 135.
932 Removal of deposits.
933 Thirty Years’ View, I, 727.
934 Sargent describes Clay’s manner and the effect, Public Men and Events, I, 337-39.
935 Sargent, Public Men and Events I, 341.
936 Thirty Years’ View, I, 730.
937 Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 143.
938 Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 144.
939 Richardson, Messages and Papers.
940 Wilson, Washington the Capital City, I, 328.
941 Mrs. Wharton, Social Life of the Republic, 261; Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 81; Seward, Autobiography, I, 278; Frederick Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, 17; Quincy, Figures of the Past; Powers, Impressions of America.
942 Hone’s Diary, March 15, 1832; Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
943 Letter of John Fairfield, quoted from manuscript by Professor Bassett in his Life of Jackson.
944 Holloway, Ladies of the White House.
945 Holloway, Ladies of the White House, and Mary Crawford, Romantic Days of the Young Republic, 22-23.
946 Wise, Seven Decades of the Union.