Chapter XIII
Turner’s The Significance of the Frontier in American History in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association, 1893, p. 211. 499
Beltrami’s A Pilgrimage in Europe and America, Vol. II, p. 202. 500
Neill’s The History of Minnesota (Fourth Edition), p. 453; Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. I, p. 468. 501
Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. III, p. 319. 502
Keating’s Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River, Vol. II, p. 60. 503
Much has been written on the founding of this colony and the romantic events connected with the struggle between the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Company, in which many of the colonists were the innocent victims. Interesting accounts are given in Kingsford’s The History of Canada, Vol. IX, pp. 108–150; Bryce’s The Remarkable History of the Hudson’s Bay Company, pp. 202–257; Bryce’s Lord Selkirk in The Makers of Canada, Vol. V, pp. 115–206; Laut’s The Conquest of the Great Northwest, pp. 113–202; Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. VI, pp. 75–89. 504
There is a summary of the early trading relations of the Red River Colony with the American settlements in the Collections of the State Historical Society of North Dakota, Vol. IV, pp. 251, 252. The arrival of these people at Fort Snelling is noted in the Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. II, pp. 124, 127; VI, p. 350. 505
“Two families of Swiss emigrants who arrived here yesterday were robbed of almost everything they possessed”.—Snelling to Taliaferro, October 19, 1824, in Taliaferro Letters, Vol. I, No. 50. See also the story of the Tully children in Van Cleve’s “Three Score Years and Ten,” Life-Long Memories of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, pp. 49–61. 506
The facts concerning the migrations of these Red River refugees are taken from the reminiscences of Mrs. Ann Adams who was herself one of the travellers.—Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. VI, pp. 75–95. See also Chetlain’s The Red River Colony. This is a small pamphlet written by the son of one of the refugees. 507
Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. XIV, p. 84. 508
Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, pp. 70, 71. 509
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, p. 16. 510
Renville to Sibley, February 22, 1835.—Sibley Papers, 1830–1840. A story is told of a certain “Simple-hearted, honest fellow” named Sinclair. “One time he was sick, at Mendota, and Surgeon Emerson, at the fort, sent by some one, a box of pills, for him to take a dose from. N. W. Kittson called on him a little while after this, and found that Sinclair had not only swallowed all the pills, but was then chewing up the box!”—Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, p. 123. 511
Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. II, pp. 127, 129. 512
Snelling to Taliaferro, October 19, 1824.—Taliaferro Letters, Vol. I, No. 50. 513
Taliaferro’s Diary, July 13, 14, 1834; Indian Office Files, 1834, No. 239. 514
Taliaferro’s Diary, July 21, 1834. 515
Indian Office Files, 1837, Nos. 448, 447, 445. 516
The Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro in the Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. VI, p. 231. 517
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, pp. 14, 15. 518
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, pp. 16, 17. 519
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, pp. 18, 23. 520
Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. II, p. 136; Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, pp. 66, 67. 521
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, pp. 23, 24. 522
Executive Documents, 3rd Session, 40th Congress, Vol. VII, Document No. 9, pp. 26, 27. 523
The Spirit of Missions, Vol. V, p. 335, November, 1840. A recent sketch of Fort Snelling states that there were “no white neighbors except traders, agents of fur companies, refugees from civilization and disreputable hangers-on.”—Hammond’s Quaint and Historic Forts of North America, p. 272. Many of the evicted settlers can not be classed among these. 524
This order is published in Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, p. 94. 525
For the expulsion of the settlers see Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, pp. 99, 100; also, Neill’s The History of Minnesota (Fourth Edition), p. 459. Williams (p. 100) says that in 1849 and 1852 memorials were presented to Congress by those who had been expelled, in which they stated that “the soldiery fell upon them without warning, treated them with unjustifiable rudeness, broke and destroyed furniture wantonly, insulted the women, and, in one or two instances, fired at and killed cattle.” Father Galtier, who was there at the time, wrote: “Consequently a deputy marshall from Prairie du Chien was ordered to remove the houses. He went to work, assisted by some soldiers, and, one after another, unroofed the cottages, extending about five miles along the river. The settlers were forced to seek new homes.” He makes no mention of personal violence.—Acta et Dicta, Vol. I, No. 1, p. 64. 526
Williams’s A History of the City of Saint Paul, p. 111. 527
See the description of St. Paul in 1849 in Seymour’s Sketches of Minnesota, the New England of the West, pp. 94–100. 528
The Minnesota Pioneer, January 30, 1850. 529
The Minnesota Pioneer, January 23, February 27, June 27, 1850. 530
The Minnesota Pioneer, November 27, 1851. 531
The Minnesota Pioneer, April 17, 1851. 532
Minnesota Historical Collections, Vol. XV, p. 534; Post Returns, July, 1855, in the archives of the War Department, Washington, D. C. 533
The Minnesota Pioneer, February 20, 27, 1850. 534
The Minnesota Pioneer, February 6, 13, 1850; Minnesota Chronicle and Register, February 10, 1851. 535
The Minnesota Pioneer, February 13, 1850. 536
Bishop’s Floral Home; or, First Years of Minnesota, pp. 152–163. 537
The Minnesota Pioneer, August 23, 1849. 538
These two treaties were the treaty with the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Sioux at Traverse des Sioux, July 23, 1851; and with the Mdewakanton and Wahpakoota bands of Sioux at Mendota on August 5, 1851.—Kappler’s Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties, Vol. II, pp. 588–593. 539