Chapter I
La Rochefoucauld: Moral Maxims
“Rien n’est si contagieux qui l’exemple; et nous ne faisons jamais de grand biens: ni de grand maux, qui n’en produisent de semblables.”
Rien n’est si contagieux que l’exemple, et nous ne faisons jamais de grands biens ni de grands maux qui n’en produisent de semblables.
The ancestry of Alida was of ancient date in English heraldry, some of whom emigrated to America a short time before the revolution, and settled in the southern provinces, while her father fixed his abode in the state of New-York.
NY Weekly: Essay No. I
In the calm retirement of the country, at a considerable distance from the bustle of the town, was situated his beautiful residence, which had every advantage in point of prospect that luxuriant nature could give when it is most lavish of its bounties.
.... Their eyes wander with languor and indifference, over those scenes in which nature has been most lavish of its beauties.
Alida page 207 (chapter XXIX)
The mind of its owner took particular delight in rural pleasures and amusements; in dissipating a part of his time in the innocent scenes of rustic life, and in attending to the cultivation of his estate, which was large and extensive.
Like him he was fond of rural pleasures and amusements, and to dissipate care amid the diversified scenes of rustic life, afforded him satisfaction and pleasure.
Alida page 62 (chapter IX)
Here he would contemplate, in all their variety, the natural beauties of creation, when arrayed in its richest attire; in the inimitable splendour of the surrounding scenery;
It was the beginning of autumn, and a yellow hue was spread over the natural beauties of creation.
Lives of Signers: Thornton of New Hampshire or amuse himself in attendance to diversified employments, some of which, as pastimes, served the two-fold purposes of recreation and amusement.
where, in an attendance on his diversified employments, some of which, as pastimes, served the twofold purposes of recreation and amusement....
A&M (describing Alonzo)
Thus his years glided on in the most harmonious tranquillity; where his cares were dissipated alternately in the bosom of his family, and the “tumults of life, real or imaginary, fleeted away in a mutual confidence and unreserved friendship.”
There his cares were dissipated, and the troubles of life, real or imaginary, on light pinions fleeted away. How different would be the scene when debarred from the unreserved friendship and conversation of Melissa!
NY Weekly: On Landscape Painting
Here he would accustom himself to rise at early dawn, and dwell with particular pleasure on the morning scenery. The dappled, rosy-fingered, blushing morn, arrested his attention; those mild tints that particularly express the break of day, just awakening from repose; when the curtain of the night seems insensibly withdrawn, and the varied landscape exhibits itself by degrees, while the colours of the atmosphere yet seem doubtful, and the scene imperfect to the view; when the darkness is not entirely fled, nor the light of the new day is fully seen; when coolness sits upon the hills, and the dews hang trembling upon every leaf; when the groves begin to resound with the murmurs of warbling melody, and the valleys echo with reverberated sounds.
The poets, of all ages and all languages, have dwelt with particular delight upon the morning scenery, and the epithets of the dappled, the rosy fingered, the saffron, and the blushing morn.... those chaste and reserved tints that particularly express the break of day, just awakening from repose; when the curtain of the night seems to be insensibly withdrawn, and the landscape appears to open by degrees, when the colours of the sky are yet doubtful, and the landscape imperfect to the view; in short, when darkness is not entirely fled, nor light distinctly seen....
When coolness sits upon the mountains, and freshness delights the plains, when the dews hang trembling upon every leaf, and the insects flutter on every thorn; when the groves begin to resound with the murmurs of the dove, and the vallies to echo with the twitterings from the spray....
How pleasing at such a time to adore in his works the wonders of the Creator. That period when the sun begins to diffuse his early rays, to tip the mountains with light, and the breezes in the air mildly prognosticate the soft blushes of the morning:
how pleasing at such a time are the feelings of anticipation to those who adore in his works, the wonders of the Creator!
Of that period, when the sun begins to diffuse his early rays, to tip the mountains with light, and.... those breezes in the air that mildly prognosticate, the blushes of the morning....
Timothy Dwight: The Conquest of Canaan (1785), as quoted in A&M
“For far beyond the pageantry of power,
He lov’d the realms of Nature to explore;
With lingering gaze Edenian spring survey’d—
Morn’s fairy splendours—Night’s gay curtain’d shade—
“For far beyond the pride or pomp of power,
He lov’d the realms of nature to explore;
With lingering gaze Edinian spring survey’d;
Morn’s fairy splendors; night’s gay curtain’d shade,
The high hoar cliff, the grove’s benighting gloom,
The wild rose, widow’d o’er the mouldering tomb;
The heaven-embosom’d sun—the rainbow’s dye,
Where lucid forms appear to Fancy’s eye;
The vernal flower, mild Autumn’s purpling glow,
The Summer’s thunder, and the winter’s snow.”
The heaven embosom’d sun; the rainbow’s die
Where lucid forms disport to fancy’s eye;
The vernal flower, mild autumn’s purpling glow,
The summer’s thunder and the winter’s snow.”
The Conquest of Canaan, original text
But far beyond the pride of pomp, and power,
He lov’d the realms of nature to explore;
With lingering gaze, Edenian spring survey’d;
Morn’s fairy splendors, night’s gay curtain’d shade;
The high hoar cliff; the grove’s benighting gloom;
The wild rose, widow’d, o’er the mouldering tomb;
The heaven-embosom’d sun; the rainbow’s die,
Where lucid forms disport to fancy’s eye.
The last two lines in the Alonzo and Melissa version (“vernal flower...” and “Summer’s thunder...”) do not appear to be in Dwight’s poem.
NY Weekly: On Landscape Painting
Or, when the evening approached, he would observe the twilight hour, which for a time hangs balanced between darkness and the pale rays of the western sky, communicating a solemn pleasure to every thing around.
how extatic is the twilight hour, which, for a time, hangs balanced between the dispersion of darkness, and the dapplings of the east; and which gives a solemn pleasure to every thing around!
A&M
When evening began to throw her dusky mantle over the face of nature, and the warm glow of the summer sun had departed; when the stars were glistening in the heavens, and the moon had already risen, shedding its pale lustre over the opposite islands “that appeared to float dimly among the waves, the twinkling fire-fly arose from the surrounding verdure, and illumined the meadow below with a thousand transient gems.” The rustling breezes played among the trees of the wood, while the air was filled with the fragrance of various flowers, and the sound of melodious music was wafted from the neighbouring village, rendered apparently more soft and sweet by the distance.
Evening had now spread her dusky mantle over the face of nature. The stars glistened in the sky. The breeze’s rustling wing was in the tree. The “stilly sound” of the low murmuring brook, and the far off water fall, were faintly heard. The twinkling fire fly arose from the surrounding verdure and illuminated the air with a thousand transient gleams. The mingling discordance of curs and watch-dogs echoed in the distant village, from whence the frequent lights darted their pale lustre through the gloom.
A&M (different passage)
The moon shone in full lustre, her white beams trembling upon the glassy main, where skiffs and sails of various description were passing and repassing. The shores of Long-Island and the other islands in the harbour, appeared dimly to float among the waves. The air was adorned with the fragrance of surrounding flowers; the sound of instrumental music wafted from the town, rendered sweeter by distance....
The buildings on the estate consisted of a large mansion-house, farm-house, and an ancient stone cottage that stood on the margin of the water, shaded by willow trees, and surrounded by romantic scenery.
Mrs. Sherwood: The Broken Hyacinth:
The charming appearance which nature threw around the place on which the mansion-house was situated, was scarcely less interesting in winter than in the more gay and verdant months of the summer season. The falling of the snow and hail, and the sparkling icicles hanging upon the woods and shrubbery, sometimes almost conveyed the idea of enchantment to the imagination of the spectator.
The charming country in which our house was situated, was scarcely less lovely when covered with snow than in the summer. The purity of the snow, and the sparkling icicles which hung on the woods, almost conveyed the idea of enchantment....
The view on all sides was magnificent. The bay, gently winding, glided into the river beyond, where ships, steamboats, and craft of every description, floated upon the waters, and gave interest to the appearance of several beautiful villages that were seen at a little distance in the landscape.
This villa was separated about a mile from the flourishing village of ——, where the many white buildings, some of which might be called magnificent, had a remarkably pleasing and picturesque appearance, forming a lively contrast with the evergreen trees with which they were interspersed.
Lives of Signers: Hart of New Jersey
The house of Alida’s father was the seat of hospitality;—scenes of festivity would sometimes have place within its walls;—“music and mirth would occasionally echo through its apartments.” He was kind, generous, and benevolent; while his independence, assisted by a charitable disposition, enabled him to contribute largely to the happiness of others. His manners were highly pleasing, his conversation was interesting, humorous, and instructive; and, although at this time he was rather advanced in years, yet the glow of health still shone upon his cheek and sparkled in his eye; and his fine expressive countenance still gave lustre to a peculiar dignity and energy in his personal appearance.
his house was the seat of hospitality, charity, and piety.
A&M (describing Melissa)
It was now many years since he had made this delightful spot his residence. He had married early in life a lady of engaging manners, and captivating beauty, who was amiable, sensible, and pious, and whose mind was a pattern of every female excellence, combined with a taste and judgment that had been properly directed by a suitable education; who had been taught to esteem no farther all the acquirements and qualities of which the human mind is capable than as they might be conducive to enable us to excel in the duties of the Christian religion, and cause us more fully to experience “the blessings of the truth.”
Her mind was adorned with those delicate graces which are the first ornaments of female excellence. Her manners were graceful without affectation, and her taste had been properly directed by a suitable education.
These parents had reared up all their family except Alida, their youngest child, who at this time was placed at a boarding-school, at the village of ——, where she was taught, in addition to the different studies belonging to a Christian education, the French and Italian languages.
Their elder daughters had married, and were settled at some distance from them, and their two sons were engaged in mercantile business in New-York. It was their principal endeavour, as their thoughts often revolved in anxious solicitude for the welfare and future happiness of their children, to unite their efforts to persuade them, and inculcate in their minds all that was praiseworthy, by the immediate influence of their own example, considering that the precepts which they taught them, however wise and good, would avail but little unassisted by the aid of example.
Etienne François De Vernage (1690)
“Le mauvais usage que nous faisons de la vie, la dérègle, et la rend malheureuse.”
Le mauvais usage que nous faisons de la vie la dérègle et la rend malheureuse.
It was their first care to exercise the minds of their children, in all the important moral and religious duties; to be careful in due time to regulate their natural propensities; to render their dispositions mild and tractable; to inspire them with the love, respect, and implicit obedience due to parents, blended with a genuine affection for relations and friends.
“To endeavour to form their first ideas on principles of rectitude, being conscious of the infinite importance of first impressions, and beginning early to adhere to a proper system of education, that was principally the result of their own reflections and particular observations.”
A&M (Melissa speaking)
Their children were assembled annually to celebrate the birthday of their father, together with other social friends and acquaintances, consisting chiefly of those whose beneficent feelings were in accordance with their own, in testifying their gratitude to their Creator for daily benefits, blended with a thankful cheerfulness, which is the offspring of moral excellence.
once a year my father celebrates his birth day....
In Alida, this is the first of three birthday celebrations held by Alida’s father.
Cunningham, “Ode to the New Year, 1769” (here from Poems on various subjects..., ed. Thomas Tomkins 1780), stz. 5–6
O, Thou enthroned where perfect day,
In brightest beams of glory, play
Around thy radiant throne;
Where angels strike celestial lyres,
And seraphs glow with sacred fires,
Address’d to thee alone.
O thou! alike where perfect day
In bright refulgent glories play,
Around thy awful throne!
When seraphs glow with sacred fires,
When angels tune celestial lyres,
To hymn thy praise alone!
Still may thy providential care,
With blessings crown the circling year,
Each human ill restrain:
O, may thy truth inspire my tongue,
And flow through all my varying song,
And shine in every strain.
Still may thy providential care
With blessings crown the rising year!
Impending ills restrain!
Thy wisdom guide my youthful muse!
Thy sacred eloquence diffuse,
And consecrate my strain!
Cunningham, stz. 10–11
Give me the calm, the soft serene,
Of summer, when it glads the scene,
And scatters peace around;
Bless’d image of the happy soul.
That does the heav’n-born mind control,
While conscious joys abound.
Unlike its placid form, serene,
When Zephyr breathing o’er the scene,
Sheds balmy peace around;
Bless’d emblem of the conquering soul,
Whose every passion knows controul,
While conscious joys abound!
That this may be my bounteous share,
Ascends my ever constant prayer
To Thee, all-perfect Mind!
O, aid me in the gen’rous strife,
Through each inconstant scene of life,
To all thy ways resign’d.
That this may prove my bounteous share,
Ascends my ever constant prayer,
To thee, all perfect mind;
O aid me in the arduous strife,
Through each perplexing maze of life,
To all thy ways resign’d!