Historical Appendix
I. THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER, AND ITS CONNECTION
WITH THE HOUSE OF TUDOR.
Catherine, sixth and youngest daughter of Charles VI. King of France, and Isabeau of Bavaria, was born at the Hôtel, de St. Pol, Paris, Oct. 27th, 1401; and died at Bermondsey Abbey, London, Jan. 3rd, 1437. She was buried in Westminster Abbey, after many years of neglect, during which her corpse, dried to the appearance of a mummy, had been made a show to strangers. Surnamed The Fair. One historian tells us that she was a most devout woman, perpetually at prayer: but the excessively wayward, impulsive, selfish character of all her actions during her queenly life points to the conclusion that this refers exclusively to her later days: as otherwise we should be impelled to the unwelcome but unavoidable surmise that her prayers were allowed to have very little effect upon her conduct. She married—
(1) King Henry V. of England, eldest son of Henry IV. and Mary Bohun: born at Monmouth, Aug. 9th, 1387: married at Troyes Cathedral, June 3rd, 1420: died at Vincennes, of fever, Aug. 31st, 1432: buried in Westminster Abbey.
(2) Owain, surnamed Twdwr (often contemporaneously spelt Tydier), son of Meredith ap Twdwr and Margaret, daughter of David Vychan: born at Snowdon, date unknown: wardrobe-keeper to Queen Catherine, whom he married in 1428: beheaded, after the battle of Mortimer’s Cross, at Hereford, Feb. 2nd, 1461: buried in Grey Friars’ Church, Hereford.
ISSUE OF CATHERINE OF FRANCE. (A) By Henry V.:—
1. HENRY VI., surnamed The Holy, born at Windsor (in direct contravention of his father’s orders) Dec. 6th, 1421: deposed Mar. 4th, 1461; restored, Oct., 1470; again deposed, Apr. 11th, 1471; died in the Tower, London, May 21 [? 27th—see text], 1471: buried first at Chertsey Abbey, afterwards in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor.
Though to some extent weak in intellect, and subject, like his maternal grandfather, to occasional attacks of mental aberration, Henry was, on the testimony even of his enemies, one of the best men that ever lived. His strongest asseveration was “Forsooth,” at a time when it was customary for men, and even women, to use profane language in the freest manner. He was “wholly given to prayer, Scriptures, and alms-deeds.” A Bishop who was his confessor for ten years, bore witness that he had during that time, “never confessed a mortal sin.” In person, Henry was not handsome, having the large, strongly-marked features of his Valois ancestors: but his hands and feet were extraordinarily small; so much so that a pair of his boots (still preserved) can only be worn by a woman of slender proportions. His hair and eyes were dark brown. He married—
MARGUERITE, second daughter of René of Anjou, King of Naples, and Isabelle of Lorraine: born at Pont à Mousson, Mar. 23rd, 1429, and baptized in Toul Cathedral: married by proxy, in St. Martin’s Church, Tours, Apr. 10th [?], and in person at Titchfield Abbey, Hants, Apr. 22nd, 1445: died at Château Dampierre, near Saumur, in Normandy, Aug. 25th, 1482: buried in Angers Cathedral. The hope expressed in the text as to the Christian character of Marguerite is not a mere baseless imagination. There is evidence showing that in her later years at least, she possessed and was familiar with a French Bible: and in those days persons did not, as a rule, read the Scriptures in their own language as a mere matter of form or custom.
(B) By Owain Twdwr:—
2. Tacina (this singular name is authenticated by occurring on the Patent Roll, 32 B. VI.) born 1429-30, married Reginald, 7th Lord Grey de Wilton, and left issue.
3. Edmund, born at Hadham, 1431; created Earl of Richmond, Mar. 6th, 1453; died Nov. 1-3, 1456; buried, first at Caermarthen, afterwards at St. David’s. Married—
Margaret, only child and heiress of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, and Margaret Baroness Beauchamp of Bletshoe: born at Bletshoe, Apr. 1443: married, 1455: [remarried (2) Henry Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire, and (3) Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby]: died at Westminster, July 5th, 1509 [the date usually given is June 29th; but her Inquisition gives July 5]: buried in Westminster Abbey. Generally known as Margaret Countess of Richmond. She is the “Lady Margaret,” whose name has been given to professorships, lectures, streets, &c.
4. JASPAR, born at Hatfield, about 1432: created Earl of Pembroke, Nov. 23rd, 1452, and Duke of Bedford Oct. 28th, 1485: died Dec. 21st, 1495: bur. at Keynsham. According to some writers, his illegitimate daughter Helen married William Gardiner, squire and citizen of London, and was mother of Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester. He married (but left no legitimate issue),
Katherine, daughter of Richard Earl Rivers and Jaquette de St. Pol, and sister of Queen Elizabeth Widville: married at Court, in or before 1490-1.
5. Owain, born at Westminster, about 1434; monk in Westminster Abbey.
6. Katherine, or Margaret, born and died 1436.
ISSUE OF HENRY VI.:—
EDWARD, born at Westminster, Oct. 13th, 1453; created Prince of Wales, Mar. 15th, 1454; murdered after battle of Tewkesbury, on the field, May 4th, 1471: buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. Married—
ANNE, second and youngest daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury (and by courtesy of Warwick) and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick: born at Warwick Castle, 1454: married at Amboise, July or August, 1470: [re-married to King Richard III.]: died of consumption, at Westminster Palace, Mar. 16th, 1485: buried in Westminster Abbey. Some writers have endeavoured to show that the ceremony at Amboise was only a betrothal, and that the actual marriage never took place. The best authors, however, are of the contrary opinion: and the strongest evidence is afforded by the language of Warwick’s own henchman, John Rous, who distinctly terms the Prince “primus maritus prenobilissimæ Dominæ Annæ.”
ISSUE OF EDMUND EARL OF RICHMOND:—
King HENRY VII., surnamed Le Doyen des Rois: born at Pembroke Castle, July 26th, 1456: died of gout, at Richmond, Apr. 22nd, 1509; buried at Westminster. An interesting portrait of Henry VII. is drawn for us by Humphrey Brereton, who on arriving at
“Beggrames Abbey in Little Britain,
Whereas the English Prince did lie,”
was obliged to inquire of the porter how he was to recognise the Earl of Richmond, to whom he brought letters and money from the Princess Elizabeth.
“He weareth a gown of velvet black,
And it is cutted above the knee,
With a long visage and pale and black—
Thereby know that Prince may ye:
A wart he hath (the porter said),
A little alsoe above the chinn,
His face is white, his wart is redd,
No more than the head of a small pinn.”
King Henry VII. married—
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward IV. [See next section.]
II. HOUSE OF YORK.
RICHARD Duke of York, only son of Richard of Conisborough, Earl of Cambridge, and Anne Mortimer: born Sept. 21st, 1410 (Inquisition) 1412 (Patent Roll): created Duke of York 1425: killed, battle of Wakefield, Dec. 30th, 1460: buried first at Pomfret, and afterwards at Fotheringay. The only known portrait of this Prince is in the “Neville window” of Penrith Church: it exhibits him as fair-complexioned and rather good-looking, wearing a moustache and a small pointed beard. He married—
CICELY, fourth daughter of Ralph Neville, first Earl of Westmoreland, and his second wife Joan Beaufort: surnamed Proud Cis, and The Rose of Raby: born probably at Raby, date unknown, about 1418: married about 1437: died at Berkhamsted Castle, May 31st, 1495: buried at Fotheringay. In the coffin of the Duchess, tied round her neck with a silver ribbon, was found “a pardon from Rome, which, penned in a very fine Roman hand, was as fair and fresh to be read as if it had been written but yesterday.” Cicely’s portrait will be found with that of her husband in the church at Penrith: she also is fair and handsome, her face suggesting more embonpoint than his, and the expression not quite free from that haughtiness which might be expected from her character.
THEIR ISSUE:—
1. Henry, born about 1438, godson of Henry VI.; died young.
2. ANNE, born about 1439: married, (1) probably in childhood, Henry de Holand, Duke of Exeter, from whom she was divorced at her own suit, Nov. 12th, 1472: (2) after the death of her elder daughter, and while he was still a squire (Inquisition), namely, after Feb. 3rd, 1474 (Patent Roll), Thomas St. Leger, afterwards (before Nov. 28th, 1475) knighted, and made Master of the Hounds (Patent Roll; Harl. MS. 433): died at birth of younger daughter, Jan. 12th, or 14th, 1476 (Inquisition): buried in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, with second husband, who survived her for at least five years. Portrait, in Sandford’s Genealogical History of Kings of England, is not suggestive of beauty.
3. EDWARD IV., surnamed The Rose of Rouen: born at Rouen, Apr. 29th, 1441; died at Westminster Palace, Apr. 9th, 1483; buried St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. News of his death was received at York on the 7th, from which it has been inferred that the date given by all writers, the ninth, is a mistake; but the report might be premature. He married—
ELIZABETH, eldest daughter of Richard Widville, Earl Rivers, and Jaquette de St. Pol: born at Grafton Regis, probably about 1438: [married (1) about 1452, John Grey, 2nd Lord Grey of Groby]: married (2) at Grafton Regis, May 1st, 1464; died at Bermondsey Abbey, June 7th, 1492; buried in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, on Whit Sunday.
4. Edmund, Earl of Rutland, born at Rouen, May 17th, 1443; murdered by Lord Clifford, after battle of Wakefield, Dec. 31st, 1460; buried first at Pomfret, afterwards Fotheringay.
5. William, died young.
6. John, died young.
7. Humphrey, died young.
8. Elizabeth, married, in or before 1463, John de La Pole, Duke of Suffolk: died 1503.
9. GEORGE, born at Dublin, probably 1450; created Duke of Clarence, 1461, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, Mar. 25th, 1473: died in the Tower of London, Feb. 18th, 1478: buried in Tewkesbury Abbey. Married—
ISABEL, elder daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury and (by courtesy) of Warwick, and Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick: born at Warwick Castle, Sept. 5th, 1451; married in Lady Church, Calais, July 11th, 1469: died at Warwick Castle, Dec. 16th, or 22nd, 1476; buried in Tewkesbury Abbey.
10. Thomas, born 1451; died young.
11. RICHARD III., born at Fotheringay, Oct. 2nd, 1452, and as is said, with hair and teeth fully grown: surnamed Crookback: created Duke of Gloucester, 1461: killed on Bosworth Field, Aug. 22nd, 1485; buried at Leicester. He had dark auburn hair, and dark blue eyes. Married—
ANNE, widow of Edward Prince of Wales [see last section]: married (by force, against her own consent) in Westminster Abbey, after Feb. 17th, 1472 (Paston Letters) and before May 9th, 1474. (Patent Roll.) Miss Strickland’s suggested date, Mar. 30th, 1473, is probably about the true one. Portrait in Rous Roll; another engraved in Strickland’s Lives of the Queens.
12. Margaret, born 1453; married, at Damme, in Flanders, July 3rd, 1468, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy: died at Malines, Nov. 28th, 1503: buried at Malines. Portrait engraved in Paston Letters.
13. Ursula, died young.
ISSUE OF EDWARD IV. AND ELIZABETH WIDVILLE:—
1. Elizabeth, born at Westminster, Feb. 11th, 1466: married to King Henry VII., Jan. 18th, 1486: died in the Tower, Feb. 11th, 1503: buried at Westminster. Portrait engraved in Strickland’s Queens.
2. Mary, born at Windsor, Aug. 14th, 1466; affianced, 1481, to Frederic I., King of Denmark; died unmarried, at Greenwich, May 23rd, 1483: buried at Windsor. Her coffin was opened in 1817, when her corpse was found in perfect preservation; the hair of “exquisite pale gold,” the eyes “a beautiful blue, unclosed and bright.”
3. Cicely, born 1469: affianced, Dec. 26th, 1474, to James IV. King of Scotland (broken off): married (1) at Court, before Dec. 1487, John Viscount Welles; (2) without royal licence, between Feb. 1503 and Jan. 1504, Thomas Kyme: died at Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, Aug. 24th, 1507: buried at Quarr.
4. EDWARD V., born in the Sanctuary, Westminster, Nov. 4th, 1470: baptized in Westminster Abbey; created Prince of Wales, July 1st, 1471; knighted Apr. 18th, 1475: murdered in Tower of London, after July 6th [exact day much disputed], 1483. Supposed to have been buried in Tower, and afterwards removed to Westminster Abbey.
5. Margaret, born Apr. 10th, and died Dec. 11th, 1472: buried in Westminster Abbey.
6. Richard, born at Shrewsbury, May 28th, 1474, and created Duke of York, same day: knighted Apr. 18th, 1475: Earl of Nottingham, Earl Marshal, Jan. 12th, 1477; Duke of Norfolk, Feb. 6th, 1477: died and buried with eldest brother. (There seems to be very little doubt that this is the truth, and that Perkin Warbeck was an impostor. It is, however, not improbable that he was an illegitimate son of Edward IV.) Richard Duke of York married—
Anne, only child and heir of John Mowbray, fifth and (of his family) last Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Talbot: born Dec. 10th, 1472, probably at Framlingham: married in St. Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster, Jan. 15th, 1477: died young, before her husband: buried at Westminster.
7. Anne, born at Westminster, Nov. 2nd, 1475: married Feb. 4th, 1495, Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk: died between Nov. 22nd, 1510, and Feb. 1512: buried at Framlingham.
8. George, Duke of Bedford: born at Windsor, probably in 1477: died young, before 1482: buried at Windsor.
9. Katherine, born at Eltham, about Aug. or Sept., 1479: married at Court, before Oct. 1495, William Courtenay, Earl of Devon: vowed widowhood, July 13th, 1511: died at Tiverton, Nov. 15th, 1527; buried at Tiverton.
10. Bridget, born at Eltham, Nov. 10th, 1480: nun at Dartford, 1486-92: died at Dartford, 1517: buried at Dartford.
(By Elizabeth Lucy, Edward IV. had two children—
1. Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, born at Lille, 1462 and died in the Tower, Mar. 3rd, 1542, leaving female issue: 2. Elizabeth, married to Thomas Lumley, son of George, second Lord Lumley, whom he predeceased; left issue.)
ISSUE OF GEORGE DUKE OF CLARENCE:—
1. Child, born at sea, off Calais, Apr. 1470: died at birth; buried at Calais.
2. Margaret, born at Farley Castle, Aug. 14th, 1473: married at Court, before 1494, Sir Richard Pole: created Countess of Salisbury (or rather formally recognised as such by inheritance) Oct. 14th, 1513: beheaded on Tower Hill, May 27th, 1541: buried in the Tower. Left issue.
3. Edward, Earl of Warwick: born at Warwick Castle, Feb. 21st, 1475: beheaded on Tower Hill, Nov. 28th, 1499: buried at Bisham.
4. Richard, born at Tewkesbury Abbey, Oct. 6th, 1476: died at Warwick Castle, Jan. 1st, 1477: buried at Warwick.
ISSUE OF RICHARD III. AND ANNE:—
Edward, born at Middleham Castle, 1476 (Rous Roll): created Earl of Salisbury 1477; Prince of Wales, Aug. 24th, 1483: knighted Sept. 8th, 1483: died at Middleham, “an unhappy death,” Mar. 31st, 1484: buried at Middleham.
III. DE HOLAND OF EXETER.
John de Holand, second son (but eventual heir) of John, first Duke of Exeter, and Elizabeth of Lancaster (sister of Henry IV.): born Mar. 29th, 1396 (Inquisition): created Duke of Exeter, in consequence of his father’s attainder, 1443: beheaded on Goodwin Sands, Aug. 5th, 1447; buried in Church of St. Catherine by the Tower, London. Inventor of the rack,80 long called “the Duke of Exeter’s daughter.” Married—
(A) Anne, daughter of Edmund Earl of Stafford and Princess Anne of Gloucester: widow of Edmund Mortimer, last Earl of March: married 1439: died Sept. 20th or 24th, 1433 (Inquisition): buried in Church of St. Katherine by the Tower.
(B) Briatiz, natural daughter of D. Joam I., King of Portugal, and widow of Thomas 13th Earl of Arundel: marriage licence dated Jan. 20th, 1433 (Patent Roll): died Oct. 23rd, 1439: buried at Arundel.
(C) Anne, daughter of John de Montacute, third Earl of Salisbury, and Maud Francis: widow of (1) Sir Richard Hankford, and (2) Sir John Fitzlewes: died Nov. 28th, 1457 (Inquisition): buried in Church of St. Katherine by the Tower. There are certain items of bequest, and peculiarities of expression, by which Lollardism may always be detected in the last will of any person: and the testament of Anne Montacute bears a decidedly Lollard tone, as beseemed her martyred father’s daughter.
His ISSUE. By Anne Stafford:—
1. HENRY, third and last Duke of Exeter: born in the Tower, June 27th, 1430, and baptized same day in St. Stephen’s Chapel, Westminster, his sponsors being King Henry VI., Cardinal Beaufort, and his grandmother, Princess Anne, Countess of Stafford (Prob. Æt. 36 Hen. VI. 43): drowned, in sea between Dover and Calais, body cast ashore at Dover, date unknown, authorities differing greatly: some give 1473, some 1474, some 1475. He was very likely buried at Dover. No portrait known. He married—
ANNE, eldest sister of Edward IV. [See first section.]
2. (By Anne Montacute.) Anne, born 1440-1, married (1) in infancy, before Feb. 5th, 1442 (Patent Roll) John, Lord Neville of Raby: he died while she was still a child, 1451, and she married (2) by Papal dispensation, about 1456, his uncle, Sir John Neville: (3) 1473, James, 9th and last Earl Douglas: date of death unknown: buried in Black Friars’ Church, London.
ISSUE OF HENRY DUKE OF EXETER:—
ANNE, probably born about 1455: married Thomas Grey of Groby, son of John Lord Grey and Queen Elizabeth Widville. Miss Strickland says that the marriage took place at Greenwich, in October, 1466, but gives no authority. There may have been a formal betrothal at that date, but the exact date of the marriage is extremely doubtful. On the one hand, the royal assent to the marriage-settlements, which in all ordinary cases preceded the marriage, is dated Jan. 4th, 1473 (Patent Roll, 12 Edw. IV., Part 2): yet mention is therein made of Anne as the wife of Thomas Grey, which would seem to indicate that the ceremony had already taken place. If Thomas Grey were really created Earl of Huntingdon on the 4th of August, 1471, the fact would imply a strong probability that he was then married to Anne, or at least on the immediate eve of marriage. Lady Anne Grey was dead on July 18th, 1474, when negotiations were entered into for the second marriage of her husband (Patent Roll, 12 Edw. IV., Part 2). Portrait and place of burial unknown; character imaginary.
IV. NEVILLE OF WARWICK.
Richard Neville, eldest son of Ralph, first Earl of Westmoreland, and his second wife Joan Beaufort: born 1400, created Earl of Salisbury, Feb. 1st, 1439: beheaded at Pomfret, Christmas, 1462: buried at Bisham, Feb. 15th, 1463. Married—
Alesia, eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Montacute, fourth Earl of Salisbury, and Alianora de Holand: born 1407, married in or before 1439; died 1463, buried at Bisham Feb. 15th.
THEIR ISSUE:—
1. Joan, married William Earl of Arundel after Aug. 17th, 1438, when his marriage was granted to her father (Patent Roll), and before May 10th, 1459.
2. Cicely, married, 1434, Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick: died July 28th, 1450. (Dugdale says that she married, secondly, 1448-9, John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester: but this is doubtful.)
3. RICHARD, Earl of Warwick, surnamed the King-Maker; killed at Barnet, Easter Sunday, Apr. 14th, 1471; buried at Bisham. Married—
ANNE, daughter and eventual heir of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and his second wife Isabel Baroness Le Despenser: born at Caversham, July 13th, 1429: married 1434: died between 1490 and Michaelmas 1493.
4. Thomas, killed at Wakefield, and buried at Bisham Feb. 15th, 1463. Married (but left no issue),
Maud, daughter and heir of Richard Stanhope, knight: married after May 10th, 1459; died Aug. 30th, 1497: buried at Tateshale.
5. JOHN, born before May 14th, 1431 (Patent Roll), created Earl of Northumberland on defection of the Percys, and on resigning that title, Marquis of Montague, Mar. 25th, 1470: killed at Barnet, Apr. 14th, 1471: buried at Bisham. Married—
Isabel, daughter and heir of Sir Edmund Ingoldesthorp: married before July 19th, 1459 (Close Roll): [re-married Sir William Norris of Yattenden]: died 1477, and buried at Bisham.
6. GEORGE, Bishop of Exeter Nov. 25th, 1455. Lord Chancellor, 1460; Archbishop of York consecrated June 17th, 1465: died 1476.
7. Alesia, married, Henry Lord Fitzhugh: living June 1st, 1475 (Patent Roll).
8. Eleanor, married about 1459, Thomas Stanley, first Earl of Derby: buried in Church of St. James, Garlick-hithe.
9. Ralph, died young.
10. Katherine, married (1) after May 10th, 1459, William Lord Bonvile (2) before July 18th, 1461 (Patent Roll) William Lord Hastings: died in or after 1503: buried at Ashby-de-la-Zouche. She was mother of Cicely Bonvile, second wife of Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset.
11. Robert, died young.
12. Margaret, married after 1458, John de Vere, thirteenth Earl of Oxford: died after 1486; buried at Earl’s Colne.
ISSUE OF RICHARD EARL OF WARWICK:—
1. ISABEL, Duchess of Clarence [see second section],
2. ANNE, Princess of Wales and Queen [see second section].
ISSUE OF JOHN MARQUIS MONTAGUE:—
1. George, created Duke of Bedford, Jan. 5th, 1470, and affianced to Princess Elizabeth: died minor, May 4th, 1483: buried at Sheriff Hutton.
2. John, probably died young, and buried at Salston.
3. Anne, married (1) Sir William Stonor (2)... Fortescue: dead, Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition).
4. Elizabeth, married (1) Thomas Lord Scrope of Masham (2) Sir Henry Wentworth: died Sept. 20th, 1517: buried Black Friars’ Church, London.
5. Margaret, married (1) before Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition) Sir John Mortimer, (2) Robert Downes, (3) in or before 1507, Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk: died Jan. 21st, 1528 (Inquisition).
6. Lucy, married (1) before Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition) Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, (2) Sir Anthony Browne; died at Bagshot, Mar. 25th, 1533, buried at Bisham, 31st. (Harl. MS. 897, fol. 76.)
7. Isabel, aged 23, Nov. 14th, 1494 (Inquisition): married, (1) Ranulph Dacre (2) before Nov 14th, 1494, William Huddlestone, Esq., (3) Sir William Smith: died in or before 1516-7.
V. EXPENDITURE OF EDWARD IV.
Only three of this King’s Issue Rolls are extant for the period covered by the story—for the Easter and Michaelmas terms of 1469, and for the Easter term of 1471. They are unpublished, and a few of the more remarkable items can scarcely fail to be interesting.
For the Easter term (March to September) of 1469, the personal expenses of the King were—for wardrobe (purchase of silk, cloth, &c.), £1231 16s. 3-1/2d.: and for jewels, £744 13s. 4d.: those of the Queen, £209 7s.: of the “Lady Princess” (though her “diet” and that of the chaplains is reckoned together,) £100. The expenses, board, and safekeeping of Henry VI. are set down at £146 13s. 4d. The keep of four lions, two in Spain, and two in the Tower, costs £10. £33 6s. 8d., divided among three Orders of Friars, suffices for the royal alms.
The account for the Michaelmas term contains less worth noting. We are, however, there told that the annual allowance to the Queen, “considering the great expense of Elizabeth and Mary our daughters,” was £400. There are entries of £33 6s. 8d. for “the diet and custody of Henry Beauford in the Tower”—namely, the Duke of Somerset—and of £13 3s. 6d. for the clothing of Henry Percy, also a prisoner in the Tower.
But never was a state paper penned of deeper interest than the one Roll extant for 1471—for those six months which included the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury, the murders of King Henry and his son, the massacre (for it can be called by no lighter term) of the Lancastrian nobles, and the imprisonment of Queen Marguerite and the young Princess of Wales. The business-like entry on May 16th,—“To the Lord King, in his chamber, at Tewkesbury, fifty shillings”—strikes the reader with something like a shudder, from the fearful contrast between the scenes that were passing at Tewkesbury and that fifty shillings squandered on some frivolous pleasure. The items of expenditure run as follows:—
Expenses of the Queen (one item
including “the victualling of
the Tower”).............. £177 18s. 3 1/2d.
Plate, gold and silver......... 223 15s. 4d.
Jewellery and goldsmiths’ work..... 55 1s. 9d.
Wardrobe................ 1905 14s. 6d.
Armour................. 5 3s. 4d.
Horse, a Spanish jennet........ 10 0s. 0d.
Travelling expenses.......... 9 19s. 0d.
Wine.................. 197 13s. 0d.
Paid to Florentine merchants...... 6266 13s. 4d.
Household expenses........... 26,536 9s. 0d.
Expenses of the King’s chamber
(gifts, trinkets, bets, and all
sundries)............... 9456 10s.
Divine service............. 40
Alms and oblations........... 4 6s. 8d.
Total................. 44,885 14s. 6 1/2d.
There is a further entry of £135, paid for various articles, of which jewels and medicine are alone indicated; and also of £180 paid to Henry Lord Grey, to discharge all the King’s debts to him.
These are simply the private expenses, no military nor state charges being quoted, except in the one instance where the victualling of the Tower and the Queen’s expenses are entered together at £124 10s., and it is impossible to say what proportion of the sum referred to either. The list speaks for itself.
VI. FICTITIOUS PERSONS.
Those introduced in this story are the members of the Marnell and Carew families, the waiting-women of the Countess of Warwick and Duchess of Exeter (Mistress Grisacres excepted), and the relatives of John Goose, who is himself a real person: Father Alcock, Master Rotherham, and the Banasters. The name and office of John Combe are historical. The character ascribed to the Duke of Exeter is historical in all but its religious aspect, where it is probable only: that sketched for his daughter is entirely fictitious. That of Sir Thomas St. Leger rests also to some extent on probabilities. All other historical persons are drawn from life.
The names of such individuals as figure in the story are printed in small capitals in the Appendix to assist identification. Where authorities are given within brackets for dates, either the dates are (to my knowledge) hitherto unpublished, or they are corrections from first-class authorities of incorrect dates usually given.
VII. THE OATH OF SUBMISSION.
It may interest some readers to see the exact terms of the oath taken on a man’s return to his allegiance, as recorded upon the Close Roll for 1469.
“Sovereign Lord, I, Herry Percy, becom your subgette and liegeman, and promyt to God and you that hereafter of faith and trouth shall bear to you, as to my sovereign liege lord, and to your heirs, Kings of England, of life and limb and of erthlye worship, for to live and die ayenst all earthly people; and to you and to your commandments I shall be obeisant, as God me help and his holy evangelists.”
For a man to swear this unconditional oath was styled “putting himself in the King’s mercy.”
VIII. THOMAS GREY, MARQUIS OF DORSET.
While these pages were passing through the press, I discovered an entry on the first part of the Patent Roll for 1 Ric. III., which, if one quarter of its statements be true, shows Dorset to have been one of the vilest men that ever walked the earth. One offence in particular, of which all the chroniclers accuse Lord Hastings (a most unlikely man), is there distinctly charged upon Dorset, while Hastings is not even mentioned in connection with the subject. The pardon issued on the coronation of Richard III. excepted Dorset on the ground of his disgraceful character.
Stories of English Life.
BY EMILY S. HOLT.
A.D. 597
I. Imogen:
A TALE OF THE EARLY BRITISH CHURCH.
A.D. 1066
II. Behind the Veil:
A STORY OF THE NORMAN CONQUEST.
A.D. 1159
III. One Snowy Night;
OR, LONG AGO AT OXFORD.
A.D. 1189
IV. Lady Sybil’s Choice:
A TALE OF THE CRUSADES.
A.D. 1214
V. Earl Hubert’s Daughter;
OR, THE POLISHING OF THE PEARL.
A.D. 1325
VI. In all Time of our Tribulation:
THE STORY OF PIERS GAVESTONE.
A.D. 1350
VII. The White Lady of Hazelwood:
THE WARRIOR COUNTESS OF MONTFORT.
A.D. 1352
VIII. Countess Maud;
OR, THE CHANGES OF THE WORLD.
A.D. 1360
IX. In Convent Walls:
THE STORY OF THE DESPENSERS.
A.D. 1377
X. John De Wycliffe,
AND WHAT HE DID FOR ENGLAND.
A.D. 1384
XI. The Lord Mayor:
A TALK OF LONDON IN 1384.
A.D. 1390
XII. Under One Sceptre:
THE STORY OF THE LORD OF THE MARCHES
A.D. 1400
XIII. The White Rose of Langley;
OR, THE STORY OF CONSTANCE LE DESPENSER.
A.D. 1400
XIV. Mistress Margery:
A TALE OF THE LOLLARDS.
A.D. 1400
XV. Margery’s Son;
OR, UNTIL HE FIND IT.
A.D. 1470
XVI. Red and White;
OR, THE WARS OF THE ROSES.
A.D. 1480
XVII. The Tangled Web:
A TALE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.
A.D. 1515
XVIII. The Harvest of Yesterday:
A TALE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
A.D. 1530
XIX. Lettice Eden;
OR, THE LAMPS OF EARTH AND THE LIGHTS OF HEAVEN.
A.D. 1535
XX. Isoult Barry of Wynscote:
A TALE OF TUDOR TIMES.
A.D. 1544
XXI. Through the Storm;
OR, THE LORD’S PRISONERS.
A.D. 1555
XXII. Robin Tremayne:
A TALE OF THE MARIAN PERSECUTION.
A.D. 1556
XXIII. All’s Well;
OR, ALICE’S VICTORY.
A.D. 1556
XXIV. The King’s Daughters.
HOW TWO GIRLS KEPT THE FAITH.
A.D. 1569
XXV. Sister Rose;
OR, THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW.
A.D. 1579
XXVI. Joyce Morrell’s Harvest:
A STORY OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH.
A.D. 1588
XXVII. Clare Avery:
A STORY OF THE SPANISH ARMADA.
A.D. 1605
XXVIII. It Might Have Been:
THE STORY OF GUNPOWDER PLOT.
A.D. 1635
XXIX. Minster Lovel:
A STORY OF THE DAYS OF LAUD.
A.D. 1662
XXX. Wearyholme;
A STORY OF THE RESTORATION.
A.D. 1712
XXXI. The Maiden’s Lodge;
OR, THE DAYS OF QUEEN ANNE.
A.D. 1745
XXXII. Out in the Forty-five;
OR, DUNCAN KEITH’S VOW.
A.D. 1750
XXXIII. Ashcliffe Hall:
A TALE OF THE LAST CENTURY.
XXXIV. A.D. 1556
For the Master’s Sake;
OR, THE DAYS OF QUEEN MARY.
A.D. 1345
The Well in the Desert.
AN OLD LEGEND.
XXXV. A.D. 1559
All for the Best;
OR, BERNARD GILPIN’S MOTTO.
A.D. 1560
At the Grene Griffin:
A TALE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
XXXVI. A.D. 1270
Our Little Lady;
OR, SIX HUNDRED YEARS AGO
A.D. 1652
Gold that Glitters;
OR, THE MISTAKES OF JENNY LAVENDER.
XXXVII. A.D. 1290
A Forgotten Hero:
THE STORY OF ROGER DE MORTIMER.
A.D. 1266
Princess Adelaide:
A STORY OF THE SIEGE OF KENILWORTH.
XXXVIII. 1ST CENTURY.
The Slave Girl of Pompeii.
2ND CENTURY.
The Way of the Cross.
TALES OF THE EARLY CHURCH
A.D. 870 to 1580
XXXIX. Lights in the Darkness:
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
A.D. 1873
XL. Verena.
SAFE PATHS AND SLIPPERY BYE-WAYS.
A Story of To-day.
48 PATERNOSTER ROW.
Notes
80 I am anxious to correct here a mistake into which I fell in a note to the early editions of Lettice Eden, where it is suggested that the Duke of Exeter who invented the rack might have been Henry himself. The testimony of dates made that appear probable which I have now ascertained was certainly not the case: and the characters of the two Dukes were less known to me at that time.