Glossary
1. Familiar words slightly disguised by spelling are not included.
2. C = Cambridge MS. of The Bruce; E = Edinburgh MS.; H = Hart’s printed edition; S = Skeat’s edition for Scottish Text Society (S.T.S.); N.E.D. = New English Dictionary; A.S. = Anglo-Saxon; A.F. = Anglo-French; O.F. = Old French; O.N. = Old Norse; N.E. = Northern English; v. = verb; p.t. = past tense; p.p. = past participle; s. = substantive.
3. i and y are completely interchangeable. In such cases as ar, air, ayr (ere), consult under first or earlier form.
4. Only the more significant or interesting references have been given, or those of single occurrence.
A, one, a single: A gatis, in one way, uniformly, IV. 702
Abaid, s., delay: v., waited = abode
Abais, v., to abash, dismay, discourage;
p.p. Abaysit, dismayed
Abasing, Abaysyng, etc., s., dismay, discouragement
Abandoune, Abaundoune, give up; make subject, IV. 655, etc.; behave boldly: at abandoune, recklessly;
in abandoune, loosely
Abovin, prep. and adv., above (A.S. ábúfan); also Abuf
Acquyt, v., free
Ado, to do = at do (N.E. infin.), X. 348
Afald, “one fold,” single, XX. 618
Affeir, Affer, s., bearing, pomp
Afferis, belongs to, becomes (Anglo-Fr. afferir, to belong). See Effeir
Affermit, confirmed
Affy, trust
Agane, Aganis, against
Air, Ayr, s., heir
Air, Ayr, adv., ere, formerly (A.S. ǣr). See Eir
Air, v., are, IV. 704
Alabast, alabaster
Alkyn, adj., every kind
Aller, gen. pl. of all: thar aller, of them all, I. 137. See Grammar
All-gat, Allgait, always; every way, XVIII. 451
All-weldand, “all-wielding,” omnipotent
Alsone, Alsoyn(e), as soon, very soon
Als-tit, very soon
Alsua, also
Alswith, very quickly
Ameyssyt, appeased, XVI. 134 (O.F. amesir)
Amonist, v., to admonish, exhort, VIII. 348
Amonestyng, Amonystyng, s., advice, exhortation
Amorus, adj., amorous
Amouris, s., love
Amovis, v., moves;
p.p., Amovyt
Anamalyt, p.p., enamelled, XX. 305
Anciente, antiquity, VI. 252 (A.F. ancienté)
Anent, prep., near; towards; opposite to, XIX. 512
Anerly, only, merely, alone
Angyr, anger, affliction, suffering, I. 235, II. 519; also adj., Angry, difficult, unfavourable, V. 70; pained, III. 530; annoying, XVIII. 515
Anis, Anys, once: at anys, at once
A-pane, for all that, nevertheless; really a mere expletive: “at a pinch” (Skeat)
Apert, adj., open: in apert, openly, XIX. 217
Appurvait, provided
Aquynt, acquainted
Ar, Air, Ayr, adv., before, formerly (A.S. ǣr)
Ar, an oar;
pl. aris
Arbytre, judgment, decision, I. 75 (O.F. arbitre or arbitrie)
Arest, s. and v., arrest, stop
Arettit, v., p.p., accused, XIX., 20 (O.F. aretter, to accuse)
Arsoune, saddle-bow, XVI. 131
Assay, v., “essay,” try, attempt, attack; also p.t., underwent, I. 448
Assege, s., siege; also v., Assegit, besieged
Assenyhe, war-cry;
also, ensenyhe
Assentit, “assented,” agreed
Assignit, p.p., assigned
Assis, assize, court of law, XIX. 55
Assolyheit, v., p.t., absolved, set free
Assonyheit, p.p., excused (O.F. essoigner)
Assouerans, s., assurance
Assouerit, v., “assured,” give confidence to, encourage, VI. 225; also intrans., to have confidence in, rely upon, XI. 309
Ath, Ayth, oath
Atour, prep., over, above
Atour, s., gear, equipment (O.F. atour, ator, furniture, gear)
Aucht, v., ought;
p.p., possessed, I. 45
Auchty, eighty
Aulde, old
Availyhe, Availl, to be of use
Avalyhe, in phrase IX. 147, “avail what may avail,” come what will.
Availl, v., lower
Avaward, vanguard
Avenand, handsome, graceful (O.F. avenant, well-proportioned)
Avent, v., to give air to, cool, XII. 145
Aventurous, “adventurous,” dangerous, risky
Averty, shrewd, prudent
Avisè, skilful, II. 271, prudent
Avisment, Avisement, advice, consideration
Avis, advice, opinion; sound judgment, X. 269
Awayward, in their going away, XVI. 584
Awblasteris, arbalisters, crossbow-men, XVII. 236 (E). See Oblesteris
Awmener, a purse (O.F. aumosniere, a bag for alms)
Awter, altar, II. 33, 34
Aynd, s., breath (O.N. andi)
Aynding, s., breathing
Ay-quhar, everywhere
Ayr, oar;
pl. Ayris
Ayth, oath
Bacheler, Bachiller, a young knight, not displaying his own banner but following that of another
Baid. See Abaid
Baill, burning mass (A.S. bǣl, great fire)
Bailyheys, bailiffs
Bair, v., p.t., bore
Bait, Bate, a boat (A.S. bāt)
Baitit, v., p.t., baited, fed. See Bayt
Baneour, a banner-bearer
Banys, bones
Banyst, v., p.p., banished
Banrentis, bannerets, XI. 259: knights bringing vassals under their own banner. Cf. Bacheler
Bar, v., p.t., bore: bar on hand, maintained against, hence condemned, excluded, I. 62. See note
Barblyt, barbed
Barell-ferraris, vessels for carrying liquid, XV. 39. See note
Bargane, s. and v., fight, encounter
Barganyng, s., fighting, combat
Barnage, baronage (O.F. barnaige, gathering of barons)
Barnè = barnage (word of two syllables)
Barras, barriers, outwork (O.F. barres; pl. of barre, a stake)
Barrit, p.t., barred
Basnet, a helmet of conical shape (O.F. bacin, a basin, giving dimin. bacinet)
Bat(e), boat. See Bait
Bath, both
Battaillyt, Battalit, furnished with battlements
Battale, battell, a battalion, division of the army
Battel-sted, a battlefield, XV. 74
Bauld, adj., bold; also adv., Bauldly
Bayt, to feed
Bawlmyt, embalmed
Be, prep., by
Bedene, Bedeyn, straightway, quickly; in XV. 108 as an expletive, or with no particular force
Beforn, prep. and adv., before
Begouth, v., p.t. of began. See Grammar.
Begunnyn, Begonnyn, v., p.p., begun
Behaldand, v., pr. p., beholding
Behufis, v. impers., it behoves: behufit away, had to go, VI. 210
Bekand, warming, XIX. 552
Belif(f), speedily, soon
Bemys, beams
Benk, bench
Berdlass, beardless
Berfrois, a tower, modern belfry. See note X. 708
Berne, a barn
Berynes, s., burial, variant of “buriness” (A.S. byrignes, a burial)
Bet, v., beat, XIII. 158
Bet, v., p.t., improved, mended, XIX. 497 (A.S. betan, to better, repair)
Betane, pursued, p.p. (Northern) of betake, III. 159
Betaucht. See Beteche
Betraiss, to betray;
p.p. Betrasyt, Betresyt
Beteche, to commit, hand over;
part., betaucht
Betyd, v.;
pr. sub., happen
Biggit, built and so, inhabited, XIV. 383
Bikkyr, Bykkir, to skirmish;
pr. part., Bikkyrring;
p.t., Bykkerit
Blenknyt, v.;
p.t., blinked, glanced; variant of next form
Blenkyt, looked to the side, glanced, shone (A.S. blīcan, to shine)
Bodword, a message, XV. 423 (N.E. only)
Bodyn, p.p. (obs.), of Bid, bidden, challenged to fight; armed, VII. 103
Bollis, bushels
Boruch, pledge (A.S. borh, a pledge)
Bot, but
Boune, Bown, Bowne, prepared, ready;
adj. and p.p.;
v., bown, to make ready
Bow-draucht, bow-shot
Bourdand, jesting, humorous, VIII. 383 (O.F. bourder, to jest)
Boyis, fetters, X. 763 (O.F. boie, buie)
Brad, Braid, broad
Bra-syd, brae—i.e., hill-side
Brast, v., to break, “burst,” XV. 479;
p.t., Brest, Brist.
See Language, “r”
Bredis, v., expand, spread out, XVI. 68 (A.S. brædan, to spread)
Breid, breadth: on breid, in breadth (A.S. brædu, breadth)
Brig, Bryg, s., bridge: as v., Briggit, bridged
Brocht, broucht, brought
Browdyn, p.p., embroidered
Bruk(e), v., enjoy
Brulyheit, broiled, burned
Brym, shore;
originally “the line which separates the land from the sea” (Max Müller)
Bryn, to burn. See Language, “r”
Brynstane, brimstone
Bundin, Bundyn, p.p., bound
Burchis, s. pl., burghs, towns
Burd, board: Burdys, Burdis (II. 96, V. 388), the boards of a temporary table
Burgeonys, leaves, fresh shoots, V. 10
Buschement, an ambush
Busk, to prepare oneself, get ready;
past, buskit
But, prep., without: but persaving, without being seen, XVII. 92
Bynk. See Benk
Byrd, it behoved;
past of reflexive verb: VI. 316
Byrkis, birches
Byrnys, “birnies,” shirts of mail
Cald, Cauld, cold
Call, to drive. See note on X. 227; labour, XIX. 174
Can, did (auxiliary). Cf. Gan
Cant, active, brisk
Car, “care” in sense of grief, regret
Cariage, Caryage, s., baggage
Carle, Carll, churl, peasant
Carpand, v., pr. p., talking
Carpi(y)ng, s., speaking, narrative
Cataill, Catell, property, III. 735, V. 275. See Fe. Chaucer has it in this sense
Cause, Cawse (two syllables), causeway, highroad (O.Nor.F. caucie = chaussée)
Certis, certainly, I. 21, XVII. 812
Chak-wachis, s., “check-watches,” inspectors of the guard
Challans, s., challenge
Challans, v., accuse, XIX. 60 (O.F. chalonger)
Chalmer, Chamur, Chamyr, Chawmer, chamber. See on Language, “m”
Chapyt, p.p., escaped
Charge, business on hand, I. 141
Chargeand, pr. p. of charge, load, XVI. 458;
p.p., chargit, IV. 401, etc.
Charre (two syllables), s., a collection of chariots or waggons
Chasty, v., to chasten; check, I. 122; reprove, IX. 742, 743, 751
Cheis, Cheys, choose. See Ches
Chekys, gate-posts, X. 229
Chemyr, “Chimer,” a loose gown, specially that of a bishop, to which the lawn sleeves are attached, XVI. 580
Ches, v., to choose;
p.t., Chesi(y)t;
p.p., Chosyn
Chevisance, provision, III. 402 (O.F. chevir, to furnish)
Cheyff, in: directly from the Lord Paramount
Childer, s. pl., children. See Grammar
Childyne, s.—i.e., childing, travail with a child
Chos, s., choice, III. 264
Claif, Clafe, Claff, v., p.t., clove, cleft
Clap, knock, noise, X. 401
Cled, v., p.t., clad
Cleket, catch, trigger (F. cliquet, a catch), X. 401;
XVII. 674
Clengit, cleared, emptied
Clergy, learning, IV. 689
Clerkis, men of learning, I. 249
Clething, clothing
Cleuch, a gorge, hollow
Clummyn, p.p. of Clym, climb
Cole (two syllables), a buffet. See note on VII. 623
Com, s., coming
Compering, s., comparison, I. 261
Compositur, arbiter, I. 883
Conabill, adj., proper, fitting, III. 290, V. 266 (O.F. covenable, suitable)
Confort, comfort
Conand. See Cunnand
Consaf, v., conceive;
p.p., consavit, XX. 186
Conteyning, Contynyng = containing, s., demeanour, behaviour
Conteyn, v., demean or carry oneself;
past, Contenyt
Contrar, adj., contrary; also Contrar, s., oppression, I. 461
Contraryit, v., p.t., countered, opposed
Convyn, Convyne. See Covyne
Cosynage, relationship, V. 135
Cosyne, cousin, near relative
Coupillyt, “coupled,” united
Couth, (1) could, (2) did auxiliary, III. 460, XX. 250; past of can.
See Grammar (Verb)
Covatis, covetousness
Cover, v., to recover;
p.t., Coverit
Coveryng, recovery, IX. 113
Covyne, s., counsel, XIII. 122; agreement, mental power, IX. 77; secret design or contrivance; condition, XIII. 219 (O.F. covine, couvine, convine, manner of being, contrivance)
Crakkis (“cracks”), explosions;
gynis for crakkis, engines for explosions, guns, XVII. 250; so also crakkis of wer, XIX. 399
Croice, s., cross, III. 461
Cruk, s., a “crook,” a large hook, X. 363
Crykis, crevices, X. 602, 605 (O.F. crique)
Cuke, a cook
Culter, a coulter, IV. 113
Cummyrsum, “cumbersome,” difficult to cross
Cun, v., to know, XIX. 182 (A.S. cunnan, to know)
Cunnand, s., covenant, agreement
Cunnannes, s., cunning, III. 712
Cuntyrnans = Countynans, Contenance, face, manner, IX. 273
Cunyhe, a coign, corner
Custumabilly, customarily, XV. 236
Dang. See Dyng
Dantè, Daynte, s., pleasure, eagerness, honour, affection
Daw, of, “of day”—i.e., out of life: doyn out of dawis, killed, VI. 650
Dawing, Dawyng, s., dawning
Dawit, p.t., dawned;
p.pt., Dawyn
De, v., to die;
p.t., Deit
Debowalit, Debowellit, v., p.p., disembowelled. XX. 285, 570
Ded, Deid, s., death;
pl., Dedis, XVII. 115: done to ded, slain
Dedeynyheit, him, v., p.t. impers., he deigned
Defawtyt, “defaulted,” put in fault, I. 182
Defoull, defile
Degyse (three syllables), feigned, XIX. 459 (F. déguisé, disguised)
Deill, s., part, bit: nocht a deill, not a bit
Delitabill, pleasant
Deli(y)ver, adj., nimble, quick; also adv., Deliverly, Delyverly
Demanyne, to waste, spoil, ill-treat; to rule, manage; to be behaved, to conduct oneself, V. 229: p.t., Demane(y)t (O.F. demener, to treat, exercise, etc.)
Dempt, doomed
Demyng, judgment, doom
Demys, judges, decides (A.S. dēman, to judge)
Den, v., to dam, XIV. 354
Depart, to part, depart, VI. 552
Der, v., dare, risk. III. 382
Deray, disorder, injury (O.F. desrai, disorder, harm)
Derenyhe, v., prove, vindicate (O.F. desraisnier, to render a reason, defend);
s., single combat or duel, XIII. 324, 325
Derff, strong, daring
Deris, v., harms (A.S. derian, to harm)
Det, s., debt
Devis, v., narrate; determine, propose, plan (F. deviser, speak, decide, etc.); also noun, at all devis, in every way, IV. 264, etc.;
at thair devis, to their liking, according to their plan, X. 363
Devour, duty (O.F. deveir)
Dey, v., to die;
p.t., Deyt.
See De
Dicht, v., dress, prepare (A.S. dihtan, to prepare);
p.p., Dycht
Digne, worthy
Dik, ditch, entrenchment; as v., Dik thame, entrench themselves, XVII. 271
Disclar, v., declare, I. 75
Discrif, Discryre, v., describe;
p.p., Discrivit
Discure, v., discover
Discurrouris, “discoverers,” scouts, spies
Disese, s., discomfort
Disherys, Dysherysys, v., disinherit
Dispari(y)t, v., p.p., in despair
Dispend, v., to spend
Dispending, s., what they might spend—i.e., money—VIII. 509
Dispitous, adj., spiteful, cruel; also adv., spitefully, severely, angrily
Disponis, v., disposes
Dispulyheit, p.p., despoiled
Dissaf, v., deceive
Dissat, s., deceit
Distrenyhit, compelled
Distrowbilling, s., disturbance, annoyance, V. 216
Dittit, closed up (A.S., dyttan, to close up)
Do, thrive, succeed, II. 128
Dochtrys, daughters, I. 200
Dongen, Dungin. See Dyng
Dosnyt, Doysnyt, stunned, dazed
Dour, determined, stubborn, severe
Dowtyne, s., doubting, XIV. 230
Doyne, p.p. of do, done
Dre, Drey, v., endure (A.S. drëogan, to suffer)
Dreid, s., dread, fear: but drede, doubtless, IV. 277;
withouten dreid, without doubt, V. 579
Dreuch, Drewch, drew, dragged
Drif, Dryf, Dryve, v., to drive; continue, X. 699; pull, X. 255;
Drafe, Drivin
Drouery, Drowry, love. See note on VIII. 492
Dule, sadness, grief (O.F. duel, dueil, sorrow, suffering)
Dulfull, “doleful,” sad
Dusche, a heavy blow
Duschit, fell heavily, XVII. 693
Dyng, v., strike;
past, Dang;
p.p., Dungin, Doungyn
Dynnyt, made a sound, XVI. 131
Dyspitit, v., p.t., treated spitefully, hated, IV. 596
E, Ey, s., eye. See Eyn
Effer, Effeir(e), Effere (also Affeir), s., bearing, demeanour, I. 361, V. 608, VII. 126, etc.; stature, XX. 515; equipment, belongings, XI. 196; business, X. 305 (O.F. afaire, thing, business, etc.)
Efferis. See Afferis
Effray, fear;
also Effraying
Effrait, Effrayit, p.p., terrified; also adv., Effrayitly
Eft, again, VI. 378
Eftir, adv., afterwards;
prep., after;
also Eftirward, Efterwartis
Eftsonis, soon after
Egging, s., urging, pressing
Eild, Elde, s., age
Eir, Er(e), adv., “ere,” before
Eisfull, easy, V. 70
Ek, v., add to
Ek, adv., also (A.S. ēac)
Eld-fadir, grandfather
Eldris, Eldrys, elders, forefathers
Elys, eels, II. 577
Emang, among
Embandownyt, v., p.p., subjected. See Abandoune
Enchawfyt, v., p.p., heated, incensed
Enchesoun(e), Enchesone, occasion, reason, cause (O.F. enchaison; Lat. occasionem)
Enclynit, v., p.t., inclined
Endentur, s., indenture
Endlang, prep. and adv., along; forward, XIX. 356: endlang furth, right along forward, XVI. 548
Eneuch, enough
Enew, adj. pl., enough
Enfors, s., force, XVII. 448
Enforsaly, Enforcely, forcibly
Enforsit, “enforced,” strengthened
Engreif, Engreiff, grieve, annoy
Engynour, engineer, XVII. 434, 663
Enkrely, Encrely, especially; really, III. 529; earnestly, heartily
Enpres, Enpris, Empris, enterprise; price, value, X. 507
Ensample, Ensampill, etc., s., example
Enselyt, v., p.t., sealed
Ens(s)enyhe, war-cry (O.F. enseigne, banner, war-cry)
Entencioune, intention, X. 527
Ententif, attentive;
also adv., Ententily
Entremas, or Entremess, something served between the courses of a banquet (O.F. entremès = entremets)
Enveronyt, environed, surrounded
Erar, adv., sooner, rather
Erd, earth: at erd, on the ground
Erding, Erdyng, s., burial
Erdit, v., p.p., buried
Ernystfully, earnestly, seriously, VIII. 144
Erynes, fear, II. 295
Es, Eys, ease, I. 228: male es, mail eis, disease, XX. 73, 74. See Male-ess
Escheiff, XIX. 778. See Escheve
Eschele, Eschell, a squadron, company (O.F. eschele)
Escheve, v., to achieve;
past, Eschevyt;
p.p., Eschevit
Eschewe, v., to eschew, avoid
Espyne, a long boat, XVII. 719 (O.N. espingr)
Et(e), v., to eat;
Ete, Eyt, Etyn, VII. 169, 170
Etlyng, Etling, aim, endeavour, intention
Everilk, every
Exorcisaciones, exorcisings, IV. 750
Eym(e), uncle (A.S. ēam);
Emy’s, uncle’s
Eyn(e), eyes;
pl. of E, Ey
Eyth, easy, XVII. 454 (A.S. īethe)
Fa, Fay, a foe (A.S. fāh);
pl., Fais, Fayis; also Famen, foemen
Failyhe, v., to fail, give way, faint, lose
Fair, s., manner, XI. 256; condition, success, XVI. 21; journey
Falding, s., falling, change
Faldyn, fallen, XI. 547. See note
Fall-brig, “fall-bridge,” drawbridge, XVII. 419
Fallow, s., fellow, companion
Fallow, v., to follow
Falset, Falsat, Falsade, falsehood
Fand, v., p.t., found
Fanding. See Faynd
Fantiss, Fayntice, faintness of heart;
Fantyss, deceit, XVII. 51
Far, v., to fare, go;
p.p., Farn, Faryne;
s., ‘fare,’ circumstance, pomp; effort, XVII. 400; good cheer, XIX. 730;
adv., fairly, becomingly
Farand, Farrand, handsome, fit, II. 514, XI. 95
Fardele, a bundle
Farlyit, v., p.t., wondered. See Ferly
Farsis, v., stuffs (F. farcir, to stuff)
Fassoun, Fassownys (pl.), fashion, way
Fast, adv., earnestly, zealously, I. 42; strongly, vigorously, XIII. 129
Faucht, Fawcht, fought
Fawt, Faute, fault
Fay, faith, fealty: at a fay, “at one faith”—i.e., subject to the same lord
Faynd, v. (Scots form of Fand, obsolete verb), try, tempt;
past, Fayndit;
p.p., Fayndit (A.S. fandian, to try, prove); also s., Faynding, “tempting of Providence” (Skeat), III. 268. Cf. XII. 364
Fe, Fee, cattle; property, XIII. 725 (A.S. feoh, cattle, goods);
Chaucer has “catel” (cattle) in this sense of wealth;
of fee, by fief, in feudal ownership, XI. 456;
pl., here Feys, I. 58
Feble, v., to become feeble, II. 384
Feblis, v., to enfeeble;
p.p., Feblist
Fechand, fetching, III. 428. See Language, etc.
Fecht, to fight
Fechting, Fechtyne, s., fighting
Fechting-sted, s., place of fighting
Feill, Fele, Feyll, adj., many (A.S. fele)
Feir, Fer, adj., unhurt: haill and feir, safe and sound
Feir, Fere, s., companion (A.S. gēfera, a travelling companion)
Fell, v., pertained, XVII. 176; befell, happened
Felloun(e), Feloune, “terrible,” cruel, wicked; also adv., Fellounly, etc.
Felly, adv., cruelly, severely, exceedingly; also Fellely
Felouny, s., cruelly, fierceness, harm
Fendis, fiends, IV. 224
Fens, defence, XX. 384
Fenyhe, v., to feign; also s., Fenyheyng, feigning, I. 74
Fer, adv., far: fer out the mair, very much the more, VI. 666;
on fer, afar;
Fer-furth, far forward, XIX. 376
Ferd, fourth
Ferd, v., p.t., fared. See Far
Ferlifull, wonderful
Ferly, s., a wonder
Ferly, adj., wonderful (A.S. fǣrlīc, “fear-like,” strange); also adv.
Ferm, adj., firm;
adv., Fermly
Ferrer, Ferrest, adj., farther, farthest, XIX. 537, 530
Ferryit, farrowed
Fersly, fiercely
Fesnyng, Festnyng, s., fastening, compact, XX. 57; confinement, XV. 309
Fetrys, fetters
Fewte, fealty, service
Fey, dying, doomed, XV. 45 (Icel. feigr, doomed to die)
Feys, fiefs, I. 58
Ficht. See Fecht. Fichtyne = Fechting
Flaggatis, faggots
Flaikes, hurdles, XIX. 742*. See footnote
Flang, v., p.t., flung
Flatlyngis, flat, XII. 59
Flaw, flew;
p.t. of Fle
Flawmand, “flaming,” fluttering brightly, XI. 192
Flechand, cajoling
Fletand, Fleting, floating
Fleying, s., “fleeing,” flight, XIX. 459
Fleyit, p.p., frightened, scared
Flicht, Flycht, flight
Flote, a fleet (cf. A.S. flota, a ship);
on flot, afloat, XIV. 359
Flure, floor, V. 400
Fluss, pool, XIII. 20
Flyt, float, III. 420
For, prep., against, XIV. 115
Forbeft, quite beaten, XVII. 793;
Beft (N.E.) means “to strike, to beat”;
“For” is intensive
Forby, by
Fordid, “did for,” spoiled
Forfalt, forfeited, XIII. 499
Forfayr, go to ruin;
past subj., Forfure, go wrong, fail, X. 529 (A.S. forfaran)
Forgane, “fore-gainst,” opposite to, XVI. 555
Forlorn, quite lost, X. 246
Forly, v., violate, I. 199
Formast, adv., foremost
Forouch, For(r)outh, For(r)ow, prep., “for with,” before
Forout, Forowt, without
Forouten, Foroutyn, Forowtyn, prep., without, besides (A.S. forūtan)
Forouth. See Forouch
Forow, Forrow, before
Forsicht, Forsycht, s., foresight
Forsuk, avoided, turned from, XIV. 315
Forspokyn, v., p.p., agreed upon
Forswat, v., p.p., covered with sweat, VII. 2
Forsy(e), strong
Forthi, therefore (A.S. forthī)
Forthirmar, adv., farther
Fortravalit, v., p.p., exhausted by labour
Forwounderit, v., p.p., greatly surprised, VI. 10
Foundyn, v., p.p., found
Foysoun(e), Fusioune, abundance, great number (O.F. foison, plenty)
Fra, from
Frakly, eagerly, VII. 166 (A.S. frac, bold)
Franchis, liberty, XI. 268 (O.F. franchise, freedom)
Fra-thine, from that time forward
Fray, s., fear, XV. 255
Fraying, clanking, clashing, X. 653 (O.F. freiier, to rub)
Frely, noble, III. 578. See note (A.S. frēolic, free-handed, noble)
Frer, a friar, XVIII. 300
Frest, delay (Icel. frest, delay)
Freyast, freest
Freyndsome, friendly
Froggis, frocks, X. 375
Froytis, fruits, X. 191
Frusch(e), s., rush, crash, charge;
v., to crush in or break violently (O.F. fruissier, froissier, to break)
Fudyr, “fodder,” a load, specially a waggon-load, as here, X. 198 (A.S. fōther, a load)
Fule-hardyment, s., fool-hardiness, VI. 337, 340
Fundyng, benumbment with cold (O.F. emfondre).
Fundyn, Fundin, v., p.p., found, provided for
Funyheit, “foined,” fenced
Fur(e), p.t. of Fare, fared, went on his way; behaved, II. 503
Furrit, furred
Fusioune. See Foysoun
Fut-breid, s., foot’s-breadth, XI. 365
Fute, person. III. 578. See note
Fut(e)-hate, “foot-hot,” with all speed
Fyschit, v., p.p., fixed, resolved, XX. 178
Ga, go;
p.p., Gane, gayn
Gabbing, s., lie, deceit (A.S. gabban, to lie, jest);
p.p., Gabbit, IV. 290
Gaddering, Gaderyng, s., gathering; as v., p.t., Gad(d)eret
Gadwand, goad or whip, X. 232. (A.S. gād)
Gaf(f), Gaiff, gave
Galay, v., reel, II. 422
Gam(m)yn, game, play (A.S. gamen, sport)
Gan, v. = p.t. of ginnen, used as an auxiliary, did. Cf. Can
Gang, go;
walk, in phrase gang no ryd, IV. 193;
pr.p., Gangand
Garris. See Ger
Gast, ghost, XIX. 214
Gat, way: a gatis, in one way, IV. 702
Gayne-cumming, “against-coming,” attack, II. 450
Gayne-geving, “again-giving,” restoration, I. 115
Geddis, pikes (the fish) (O.N. gedda)
Ger, v., to cause;
p.t., Gert
Gestis, joists, beams, XVII. 597. See note
Ghyle, guile, I. 172
Gif(f), Gyff, conj., if: bot gif, unless
Gladschip, gladness (A.S. glaedscipe)
Gle, Glew, glee; also game or business, affair in yheid the gle, I. 90, etc
Glemand, gleaming
Gliffnyt, v., p.t., looked quickly up
Glowand, glowing
Gottyn, Gottin, p.p., got
Governale, government, skill in governing
Graith, ready;
also adv., Graithly, Grathly, directly, speedily (O.N. greithr, ready)
Granting, confession, XIX. 45
Granys, groans
Grathit, v., p.t. and p.p., made ready
Gravyn, v., p.p., buried, IV. 309
Gret(e), to weep (A.S. grētan); also s., Greting, weeping
Gretumly, greatly, extremely
Grevis, s., groves, V. 13
Grewit thame, v., p.t., impers., it made them shudder. See Grow
Grow, to quake with terror, to shake;
p.t., Growit, Grewit
Gruching, grudging, XVI. 19;
Gruchys, v., objects, II. 123
Grund, “ground,” land, XX. 325. See note
Grundyn, p.p., ground
Gude, s., property, XVII. 105;
pl., Gudis
Gyit, p.p., guided; still Sc. in “guy-rope,” guiding-rope (O.F. guier, to guide)
Gyn, s., device, stratagem;
Gyne, engine, XVII. 682, 691;
Gynnys, pl., contrivance, some sort of net or trap, II. 576 (O.F. engin, from Lat. ingenium)
Gynour, s., engineer. See above
Gyrd, s., a sharp stroke, blow; also pr. p., Gyrdand, rushing forward, II. 417
Gyrnand, growling, speaking angrily, IV. 322;
Skeat says “grinning,” of which it is a variant by metathesis of r, but also with a different shade of meaning; it is an ordinary Scots word in sense given
Gyrs, s., grass (A.S. gers)
Gyrth, sanctuary
Hachit, s., hatchet
Haill, Hale, Halle, adj., whole, sound: all haill, wholly; also = adv., Halely, Halyly, Haly
Hailsyt, Halsit, saluted, II. 153
Haldaris, s., holders
Half-deill, half-part, half, XIV. 188, 497
Hals, neck
Halsing, salutation, VII. 117
Haltand, pr. p., “halting,” lame
Haly, holy (A.S. hālig)
Hamly, adj. and adv., homely, kindly, in a friendly way
Hansell, s., a present at the commencement, V. 120
Hardis, s., “hards,” or bundles of flax-fibres
Hardnyt, v., p.t., emboldened, urged on, XII. 500
Harnas, armour (O.F. harnois, with dialectal form harnas)
Harnys, brains
Hat, v., p.t., was named;
p.p., Hattyn (A.S., hātan, to be called);
p.p., haten, N.E.
Hat, Hate, Het, adj., hot; also adv., Hat, hotly
Hawbrekis, hauberks
Hawbryschownys, habergeons
Hawch, s., haugh, low-land, XVI. 336
Hawtane, proud, I. 196 (O.F. haltain, high)
Haym(e), home
He, Hee, Hey, adj., high; also adv., loud (A.S. hēh)
Hecht, to promise; to be named (A.S. heht, pret. of hātan; used as present, N.E. See Hat)
Hede-soyme, the rope attaching the yoke to the waggon, X. 180
Heill, v., cover;
p.t. and p.p., Helit, Helyt, covered, hid (A.S. helan, to cover)
Heirschip, harrying, wasting (A.S. hergian, to ravage with an army, here)
Helde, v., to incline;
pr. p., Heldand, inclining, V. 153
Heling, s., covering
Helmys, helmets
Hely, adv., highly, loudly
Hendir, behind, past. Cf. Hendirmar, Henmast
Her, master (Skeat, reading doubtful), IX. 640
Herbery, Herbry, s., lodging (A.S. herebeorga, shelter for an army)
Herbery v. reflex, to “harbour” themselves, take lodging;
p.t. Herberyd, Herbryit
Herbreouris, men sent on to secure lodgings
Herd, adj. and adv., hard
Herrodis, heraulds (O.F. heraut)
Hertit, heartened, encouraged, XVI. 662
Hevede, s., head, V. 11 (A.S. hēafod)
Heych, adj., high;
s., Heycht, Hicht, a height: into the hicht, openly, V. 487
Heyt, p.p., raised “high,” exalted
Hicht, s., a promise
Hicht, v. See Hecht or Heych
Hiddillis, Hyddillis, a hiding-place (sing.), VI. 382 (A.S. hydels, a den)
Hidwys, adj., hideous;
adv., Hydwisly
Hing, Hyng, to hang
Hint, Hynt, seized, took (A.S. hentan, to seize)
Ho, s., delay, XX. *429. See note
Hobland, tossing about, IV. 447
Hobleris, light horsemen—i.e., riders on unarmoured horses—(Anglo-Fr. hobeleor—our, derivative of hobin. See next)
Hobynis, light horses not strong enough to wear armour (O.F. hobin, hobi, apparently of English origin)
Holl, adj., hollow, deep, VIII. 176
Holl, adj., whole, VI. 78
How-gatis, how. See Gat
Howis, holes, XI. 153
Howis, “hoes,” picks on long poles for warlike purposes, XVII. 344 (F. houe, a hoe)
Hoyn, s., delay
Hude, a hood; pl. Hudis, XIX.
332
Hufe, remain, lie in wait;
pr. p., Hufand, Huvande
Humely, Humylly, humbly
Huntand, pr. p., hunting
Husband, a small farmer
Huvande. See Hufe
Hy, s., haste;
v. reflex, to hasten (A.S. higian, to hie)
Hyde, skin, III. 584. II. 511
Hye, adj., high;
adv., loudly;
v., to heighten
Hyne, s., a hind, lad, XII. 460
Hyrcheoune, hedgehog (O.F. heriçon, a hedgehog)
Ic, I
Ik, adv., eke; also III. 326. See Ek
Ilk, Ilka, same, each. See Grammar for distinction
Ilkan(e), Ilkone, everyone, each one
Inew, adj., enough. See Enew
Inewch, enough
Infair, a house-warming, XVI. 340
Inforcely, adv., with great force
Inforsit, v., p.t., “enforced,” strengthened, IV. 65
Ingrevand, pr. p., “engrieving,” annoying
In-myd, prep., amid
Innouth, prep., within
In-sundir, adv., asunder
Intermelle, mixed up, confusedly, XIV. 215
In-till, prep., in, into
Intwyn, asunder, VIII. 175
Isch, v., to issue;
p.t., Ischyt
Iwiss, adv., certainly, truly, XVI. 154 (A.S. gewis, certain)
Jolely, handsomely, well
Joly, handsome, good; gay, high-spirited, VIII. 446 (F. joli)
Journee, a day’s work, a battle or feat of arms (Fr.)
Jowele, jewel, XVIII. 360
Juntly, close up, XVII. 689
Justing, s., jousting, XIX. 520
Karlis, “churls,” fellows (O.N. karl, a man)
Ken, v., to know, recognize, perceive; instruct, direct, show;
pres., Kennys, IV. 748;
p.t., Kend;
p.p., Kend
Kendlyt, v., p.p., kindled
Kep, Keip, s., heed: takand na kep, taking no heed, I. 212
Kers, Carse, low land bordering a river
Kest, v., p.t., cast
Kinrik, Kynrik, kingdom
Knaf, Knave, a boy: knaiff child, a male child
Knawyng, s., knowledge
Ky, pl. of cow (A.S. cū, cȳ)
Kyndly, adj., of nature, IV. 721, etc.
Kyne, s., kind: na kyn(e), of no kind
Kynrik, kingdom, royal power
Kyrnaill, s., a battlement (O.F. crenelle)
Kyt, a wooden vessel or pail
Ladis, s., loads
Lafe, Laif(f), Layff, Lave, the rest, the remainder (A.S. lāf)
Landar (E., Lavender), Layndar, a laundress
Land-brist, surf
Lang, long. Cf. Langar
Lansit, Lansyt, bounded, dashed forward (O.F. lancier, throw forward; the O.Nor.F. form lancher has been adopted as “Launch”)
Lans, s., rush, leap, X. 414
Lap, v., p.t., leapt
Lardener, a larder. V. 410
Larg(e), liberal (O.F. large)
Larges, bounty, liberty: at his larges, to the full, VII. 378
Lasair, Lasare, Laser, Laseir, leisure
Lat, s., let, hindrance, XII. 516
Lat, v., let
Lat, Layt, adj., late
Late, s., manner, behaviour, VII. 127 (O.N. læte, manners)
Lauchand, laughing
Laute, Lawte, Leawte, loyalty, truth (O.F. leaute)
Law, Lawch, low: compar., Lawer
Lawchtane, dull coloured, dark (Gaelic lachdunn = Irish lachtna, N.E.D.), XIX. 672
Lawit, v., lowered
Layd-men, s., “load-men,” the men in charge of the pack-horses, VIII. 466
Lechis, doctors
Lechyng, s., healing
Leddir, a ladder
Lege, full, free: in lege poustè, “in health and full possession of one’s faculties” (N.E.D.), V. 165
Leif, v. and s., leave: but leif, without leave, XVII. 863
Leis, v., lose;
p.t. and p.p., Lesit (A.S. lēosan, to lose)
Leit, think, consider (A.S. lǣtan)
Leit, v., let, XVII. 850. See Lat
Lele, Leile, Leyle, adj., leal, faithful; also adv., Lely, Lelely, Lelyly
Lendit. See Leynd
Lenteryne, Lent, the spring
Lenye, “lean”
Lesing. s., lying (A.S. lēasung, falsehood)
Lesit, Lessit, Lesyt, v., lost
Lest, List, imper. v., it pleases, VII. 314 (A.S. lystan, to please)
Let, Letting, s., hindrance;
adv. Letless, without hindrance XVI. 568
Let, v., to hinder, allay, prevent;
p.t., Letit, Lettyt
Leve, to leave, to remain
Levir, rather
Levit, Levit: war levit of, had taken their leave of, XX. 577
Leyme, flame, XI. 191 (A.S. lēoma, a ray of light)
Leynd, to remain, wait
Leysch, leash
Libbard, leopard
Licht, Lycht, light
Lichtit, v., p.t., alighted
Lift, s., sky, XVI. 692 (A.S. lyft, air)
Lik, v., to please
Lisnyt, v., p.t., listened
Losengeour, a traitor, IV. 108 (O.F., losengier, a flatterer, a traitor)
Lovit, v., p.t. and p.p., praised; and s., Loving, praise
Low, flame
Lownyt, sheltered, XV. 276;
v., Lown, to become calm, to shelter (N.E. and Scots)
Lowp, v., to leap
Lows, v., to loose;
p.p., Lowsyt
Lowtit, Lowtyt, bowed before or to
Luff, s. and v., love
Lufre, “livery,” gift (O.F. livrée; Anglo-Fr. liveré)
Lurdane, s., rascal (O.F. lourdin, a heavy [lourd], i.e., stupid fellow)
Lusumly, “lovesomely,” pleasantly
Lychtyt, v., p.t. and p.p., lightened
Lyknyt, v., p.p., likened, compared
Lyng, a line
Lynyng, linen, XIII. 422
Lypnyng, s., trust
Ma, v., to make;
pres., Mais, Mays
Ma, May, adj., more. Comp. Ma(i)r, Ma([i.])st
Magre, s., ill-will, XVII. 60 (O.F. mal grè, ill-will); also as prep., in spite of: magre his, in spite of him;
magre thairis, in spite of them
Maill-eiss, Male-ess, disease (F. mal aise)
Maistri, s., “mastery,” strength
Maistris, arts, XIX. 182
Man, v., must, VII. 137; also Mon
Manauce, Mannasyng, s., “menace,” threatening
Manausyt, Mannausit, v., p.t., menaced
Mandment, commandment
Manhede, Manheid, “manhood,” valour
Mankynd, s., manliness, IV. 530
Manrent, homage
Manteme, Ma(y)nteym, maintain
Marcheand, pr. p., “marching with,” bordering. See next
Marchis, marches, borders (A.S. mearc, a boundary)
Marras, morass
Martirdome, slaughter
Martymes, Martinmas (Nov. 11)
Mas, s., plur. maces
Mastrice, mastery, superiority;
“masterly” skill, VI. 566 (O.F. maistrise)
Mastry, “mastery,” skill; force, VII. 354 (O.F. maistrie, skill)
Mate, dull, dispirited (O.F. mat, dull)
Maturite, s., deliberation XI, 583
Maucht, might
Mavite, wickedness, guile (O.F. mauvitie for malvaistié)
Mawch, kinsman, especially, as here, by marriage, XV. 274 (A.S. maeg)
Mayn(e), s., “moan,” lamentation
Mekill, much, large (A.S. micel)
Melland, v., pr. p., mixing (O.F. meller, to mix);
p.p., Mellit
Melle (two syllables), a mixture, whence, a battle, etc.
Mellyng, Mellyne, s., encounter; mixture, V. 406
Menand, v., moaning (A.S. mǣnan);
p.t. Menit, Menyt
Mengit, v., p.t., mixed (A.S. mengian)
Menyhe, Mengne, host, company
Menounys, “minnows,” small fish
Mensk, honour, dignity (O.N. mennska, humanity)
Menskfully, honourably
Menyng, s., lamentation
Menyng, s., remembrance, IV. 326. See Meyn
Menys, think, XII. 269 (A.S. mǣnan, to think on). See Meyn
Merdale, camp-followers, IX. 249
Merk-schot, XII. 33. See note
Mesour, Mesur, s., “measure,” moderation: our mesur, beyond measure;
at all mesure, in every proportion, X. 281
Mesurabill, adj., moderate
Meyn, v., to think of, be mindful of; mention, X. 736
Meyne, v., to moan, lament, XV. 237
Misteir, Mister, trade, craft (O.F. mestier; F. métier)
Mister, Myster, need (as above); also v., Mysteir, be necessary, XVII. 215;
adj., needful
Mocht, Moucht, v., might
Mody, adj. See Mude, Mudy
Mon, v., must
Mone, to remember, bear in mind (O.N. muna, to remember)
Mony, many
Monyst, admonished, XII. 379
Mot, v., may be, IV. 26
Mow, a heap of corn, IV. 117
Mowence, mutation, change, I. 134 (O.F. muance)
Mubill, “movable” property, V. 275 (F. meuble, furniture)
Mude, mood, XX. 203; courage, XIX. 622 (A.S. mōd);
adj., Mudy
Murnyn(g), s., mourning
Muryt, blocked up, IV. 164 (F. mur, a wall)
Mut, make mention, XIII. 60
Mycht, s., might: at thar mychtis, as much as they could, III. 190;
that all mychtis may, that is able to do all things, III. 366
Mydlike, adv., moderately, III. 71
Mydwart, s., midway, III. 682
Myrk, Merk, dark;
s., Myrknes, darkness
Myschieff, misfortune, danger, loss; evil fate, XIX. 71 (O.F. meschief)
Mystrowing, suspicion;
v., Mystrowit, suspected, X. 327
Myt, s., “mite,” a bit
Na, adj., no;
conj., nor: na thay war, but they were, V. 372;
na (ne) war, were it not
Nakit, adj., naked, bare, XIII. 459; generally, however = without armour on
Nakyn, of no kind: nakyn wis, in no wise
Namly, especially
Nanys, For the, for the nonce, X. 58
Nave, fist;
pl., Nevis, Nevys
Navyn, s., shipping, III. 393
Nedlyngis, adj., necessarily
Neid-way, adv., of necessity
Neist, Neyst, nearest, next
Neuth, prep., beneath
Nevo, nephew
Newlyngis, adv., newly
Nigramansy, s., necromancy, IV. 747
Noblay, nobility
Nocht, not
Nocht-for-the, adv., nevertheless
Nouthir, conj., neither;
adv., not, VI. 522
Novelreis, novelties, XIX. 394
Noy, annoy, hurt (O.F. nuire, to injure)
Noyn(e), noon
Noyus, disagreeable, XIX. 742
Nynt, ninth
Nysste, “nicety,” folly
Nychtbur, Nychtbour, s., neighbour
Nygramansour, necromancer, IV. 242
Nyt, v., p.t., denied, I. 52 (O.F. noier, neier, to deny)
Obeiss, to obey;
pr. p. as adj., Obeysand
Oblesteris, “arblasteris,” crossbow-men, XVII. 236
Occisioune, slaughter, XIV. 220
Ocht, aught, III. 282
Off lyve, alive, I. 293
Of-new, anew
Oftsis, often (“oftsithes,” oft-times, A.S. sīth, a time)
Oftymis, adv., oft-times
On-ane, anon, immediately
Ony, adj., any
Oost, Ost, host, army
Otow, prep., beyond
Oucht, Owcht, adv., at all; very, XV. 428
Ouirmair, Owyr-mar, farther away
Our, prep., over
Our, Owyr, adv., too, very; over, across; also in compounds: e.g., Our-drawyn, etc.
Ourdriff, “drive over,” survive
Our-ga, “go over,” overcome
Our-hy, v., “hie or hasten over,” overtake
Ourta(k), overtake;
manage, VIII. 190; cover, XI. 125;
p.p. Ourtane, “done for,” condemned, XIX. 55
Ourthwort, adv., “overthwart,” beyond on each side
Ourtummyllit, “over-tumbled,” upset
Outane, Outtak, Outaken, Outakin, besides, except
Out-our, prep., across, beyond, over
Outraying, s., harm, injury, XVIII. 182
Owk, week (still an Aberdeenshire word)
Owth, prep. and adv., above, outside; beyond, XIV. 352.
Oysis, v., uses, are used;
p.t. and p.p., Oysit (O.F. user, to be in the habit);
Oys, s., use
Pailyhownys, Palyheonis, etc., pavilions, tents
Panch, s., paunch
Par, for (O.F. par): e.g., par cheryte, for charity
Parage, rank, lineage, I. 102, 276
Paramouris, adv., as a mistress
Paske (in comps), Pasche, Easter
Pautener, adj., low, rascally (O.F. pautonier, vagabond)
Peill, a fort with stockade and ditch. O.F. pel; Late Lat. pelum (acc.), a stake, X. 137
Peir, v., to equal, match
Pennystane, a flat stone used as a quoit, XIII. 581 (E and H, see note)
Percas, adv., by chance (O.F. per cas)
Perde = par dieu (F.), an expletive, truly, etc. See next
Perfay, “by my faith,” truly (O.F. per fei, by my faith)
Perfornyst, performed, XII. 61 (O.F. parformir)
Perquer, by heart, thoroughly (O.F. per quer (cuer), by heart)
Peth, path, pass
Petwisly, Pitwysly, piteously
Pik, s., pitch, XVII. 611
Planer, full, I. 624
Play, s., pleasure, V. 73; tricks, XIX. 364
Plenyhe, v., to complain
Plewch, plough
Pollis, pools, XII. 395, 404
formed, shaped, X. 281
Pouerale, “poor-folk,” camp-followers (O.F. pouraille, poor folk)
Poustè, Powstè, power; for lege poustè, see Lege
Poynt, s., moment, opportunity; feat of arms, in poynt of weir, XVI. 492, and alone, XVI. 499;
at poynt, in good condition, favourable, III. 702;
in sic poynt, in such array, XII. 93;
into sic point, at such a “point” or crisis, IV. 331
Pray, v., to prey; also s., with plur. Prayis
Preif, v., to prove;
p.t., Previt
Presand, s., present: in or intill presand, as a present
Prek, Prik, v., prick, wound, spur; Prikand, riding
Prevate, s., “privity,” privacy, secrecy; secret design, X. 161
Pris, Prys, v., to prize, esteem, praise
Proplexite, s., perplexity
Pryme, prime (six o’clock), the first of the “canonical hours”
Pundelan, hero, warrior
Punsoune, a dagger
Punyhe, a skirmish
Pupill, people
Purchas, v., to get, procure (O.F. porchacier, pourchacier, to follow, to procure)
Purchas, s., effort; contrivance, plot, XIX. 12
Purvians, “purveyance,” provisions, IV. 397
Pusoune, s., poison
Put againe, push back, repulse
Pyne, pain, suffering, distress (A.S. pin, pining, suffering)
Queyr, choir, XX. 293
Quhar, where;
also in compounds, Quharfor, Quhar-throuch, etc.
Quhedirand, whizzing or roaring. XVII. 684
Quheill, s., wheel
Quhestling, Quhistlyng, s., “whistling,” baying (of a dog), VI. 94, 87
Quhet, s., wheat, V. 398
Quheyn(e), adj., “wheen,” few; also Quhoyn;
comp. Quhenar
Quhilum, “whilom,” once
Quhyne, whence, VII. 240
Quod, v., “quoth,” said, XVIII. 57
Quyntis, s., “quaint” devices or decorations on the armour or on flags, XI. 194; XIII. 183
Quytly, securely, X. 548; freely, completely
Quyrbolle, leather hardened by heating, etc., XII. 22.
See note
Rad, adj., frightened, afraid
Radness, fear
Raid, v., p.t., rode
Rair, Rar, v., to roar
Rais, Rase, s., “race,” strong current
Rais, v., p.t., rose
Raith, Rath, soon
Rakit, v., p.t., moved with speed (A.S. racian)
Randoun, s., onrush, force (O.F. randon, force)
Rangale, Rangald, Rangall, rabble
Range: on range “in rank,” in “Indian file,” X. 379
Rangit, v., p.p., ranged, ranked, XI. 431
Ranyt, v., p.t., rained
Rath, adv., soon
Ratret, Retret, retreat
Raucht, v., p.t., reached, dealt.
See Reik
Raw, s., row
Realtè, Reawtè, royalty, kingdom
Rebaldaill, Rybbaldaill, rabble; also Rebaldis, rogues
Rebelland, pr. p., as adj., “rebelling,” rebellious
Rebours, at, in great dislike
Reboytit, Rebutyt, repulsed; also Reboyting, s., repulse (A.F. reboter: O.F. rebouter)
Reconsalit, v., pp., reconciled
Recour, recovery, II. 543
Recryand, recreant, cowardly
Red(e), Reid, s., counsel;
tane to red, come to the conclusion, taken the advice, XII. 389, XVII. 267 (A.S. rǣd, counsel)
Red(e), v., to advise
Red, v., save, IV. 132, XIX. 677
Redyit, v., p.t., got ready, IX. 171
Refe, Reve, v., to take away;
p.t., Reft;
p.p., Revede, reft, V. 12
Refrenyhe, v., to refrain
Regnyt, reigned, XIII. 698
Reif, s., plunder (A.S. rēaf)
Reik, v., reach, XVII. 419;
p.t., Raucht
Reik, Reyk, s., smoke
Releif, s., payment on taking possession of a property, XII. 320
Releyit, p.p., provided with a fresh supply, IV. 456
Relit, Relyt, v., p.t. reeled
Rely, v., to rally;
p.t., Releyt;
p.p., Releit
Renconfort, v., to encourage
Rengye, Renyhe, Reynye, rein
Renk, “rink,” space, II. 365. See note
Renyit, v., p.p., denied (O.F. renier, to deny)
Renyhe, Reynye, s., rein
Repair, s., dwelling, haunt, place of meeting or retreat
Repreif, s., reproof
Reprief, v., to reprove
Rerit, v., p.t., reared
Rescours, rescue (O.F. rescos, rescousse, succour)
Reset, refuge (O.F. recet, place of refuge); also v., p.p., Resettit, received
Revede. See Reve
Rewis, streets (F. rue)
Riall, Ryoll, adj., royal;
s., Rialtè, royalty, royal power
Richtwisness, righteousness, adj., Rychtwis;
adv., Rychtiously
Rif, v., rive
Rik, kingdom (A.S. rīce, a kingdom, sovereignty)
Rocht, Roucht, v., p.t. See Raucht
Rod, s., road, path
Roucht, v., p.t., I should not reck or care, VII. 24 (A.S. rēcan, rōhte)
Routit, snored, V. 632
Rownand, Rowning, pr. p., whispering, XII. 360; as s., Rownyng, XII. 368
Rowt, Rout, s., a blow; also Rowt, s., a company, troop
Roydly, Ruydly, rudely, fiercely
Rude-evyn, s., Eve of the Exaltation of the Rood or Cross, XVII. 634
Rusche, to rush, drive back, overthrow, repulse; also Rus, XII. 527;
p.t., Ruschit, Rouschit
Rybbaldy, s., dissipation, I. 341
Ryde, adj., severe, XII. 557
Ryg, ridge
Rymmyll, s., blow
Ryng, v., to reign. See on Language
Ryoll, adj., royal, XIII. 30
Ryot, v., in ryot to, made “riot” in, ravaged
Ryth, adv., “right,” utterly, I. 194
Sa, so
Sa yhe, say ye, VII. 258
Sad, steadfast, XII. 134. See next
Sadly, firmly, compactly, steadfastly, XIII. 374, 494, XVII. 576 (Mid. E. sad = firm, etc., as in Chaucer)
Sair, Sayr, sorely: by sair, pay for dearly, XVIII. 514
Sakless, innocent
Salit, v., p.t., sailed;
pr. p., Saland
Sall, shall
Sals, sauce, III. 540
Salt, s., assault; also Sawt
Salusit, saluted, IV. 509
Sam(m)yn, adv., together
Sam(m)yn, adj., same
Sanct, s., saint;
v., p.p., sainted
Sanyt. See Sayn
Sar, Sayr, sorely
Sarraly, close together; also adj. and adv., Sarray, close, closely
Sary, sorry
Saucht, v., p.p., reconciled, X. 300 (cf. A.S. saht, peace)
Sauf, Sawff, v., to save
Saufly, safely
Sauftè, Savitè, safety
Savourit, scented, XVI. 70
Sawin, v., p.p., sown, IV. 685
Sawt, s., assault: also Salt
Sayn, v., s., bless;
p.t., Sanyt (O.F. seignier, to bless with the sign of the cross; Lat. signare)
Saynd, a message, V. 196 (A.S. sand, a sending)
Scaffatis, scaffolds
Scaill, s., a scattered company, men in loose order
Scale, Scaill, v., to scatter, separate;
p.t. Scalit;
p.p. Scalit;
also Skalyt
Scarsly, scarcely
Scath, s., harm: also v., to harm
Scathfull, Scathless, harmfull, unharmed
Schar, Schair, Schare, cut, carved;
p.t. of Scher
Schavalduris, vagrants, V. 205. See note
Schaw, v., show;
p.t. Schew, X. 161, or Schawit
Schaw, s., thicket, grove
Schawdest, adj., super., shallowest, IX. 354
Sched, clove, divided
Schent, v., p.p., shamed
Scher, v., to shear, cut up
Schiltrum, a close-packed body of men: so in E;
C has childrome (A.S. scild, a shield, truma, a troop)
Schipfar, s., a journey in a ship
Schir, s., sir
Schire, adj., bright; also adv., Schyre (A.S. scīr, bright)
Scho, pron., she
Schoir, Schore, adj., sheer, steep
Schonand, shunning, V. 201
Schop, v., prepare; more usual Schap, XVI. 573
Schore, adj., “sheer,” steep
Schoyne, “shoon,” shoes, II. 510
Schoyr, loud threats (cf. Withoutin outher bray, or bost, or schore.—King Hart)
Schup(e), “shaped,” purposed, attempted;
p.t. of Schap
Schynand, v., pr. p., shining
Scowking, s., “skulking,” cowardice
Scowryt, v., p.p., scoured
Scrymmyng, s., skirmishing, XIX. 521 (O.F. escrimer, to fence)
Se, v., to see, watch over
Segis, seats (F. siege, a seat): astrological term as “mansions”
Seik, adj., sick
Seir, Ser, various, separate
Sekir, safe, sure, firm, steadfast
Sekirly, Sekyrly, certainly
Sekirnis, security, certainty
Sekkis, s., sacks
Sembland, “semblance,” show
Semble, s., assembly, body of men, II. 380
Sen, since
Send, v., p.t. of Send;
p.p., Send, Sent
Sent, s., scent
Sentens, meaning, IV. 260
Senyhory, Senyhoury, sovereignty, lordship, rule
Sermonyng, s., speech, explanation, IV. 278
Sesand, v., pr. p., seizing
Sesing, s., possession, VI. 496
Setis, snares, III. 479
Seyle, s., good, I. 303 (A.S. sǣl). Cf. adj. Sely (silly) (A.S. sǣlig)
Schawis, v., shows
Shraf, v., p.t., shrived, XI. 377
Sib, related, kin
Sib-man, relative
Sic, Sik, such
Sich, v., to sigh
Sith, Syth, times, unaltered plur; also Sis, Sythis (A.S. sīth, a time).
See Grammar
Skaith, scath, hurt, injury. See Scath
Skalyt. See Scalit
Skill, reason
Skunnyrrit, v., p.t., avoided in dislike
Sla, v., slay;
pr. p., Slayand
Slaid, v., slid
Slak, s., a hollow
Sle, sly, crafty, skilled. Cf. Slear, Sleast;
adv., Slely
Sleuch, v., p.t., slew
Sleuth, slot, track (O.N. sloth, a track)
Slew, v., p.t., struck in slew fyre (A.S. slean, to strike)
Slike, Slyk, mud, slime. For first Skeat gives “slick,” rapidly (?), VI. 78
Slop, a gap, opening;
pl., Sloppis.
Cf. slaps and stiles in “Tam o’ Shanter”
Smat, v., p.t., smote
Snell, biting, sharp, severe (A.S. snell, quick, sharp)
Snuk(e), a promontory, I. 188 IV 556
Socht, Soucht, v., p.t., sought
Solacious, adj., pleasant, X. 290
Somdeill, adv., somewhat, to some extent
Sop, s., a sup, a hasty meal
Sop, s., a close body of men;
pl. Soppis, heaps
Southren, southern
Sowing, s., pricking, piercing, XVI. 628
Soym, trace of a cart. See Hede-soyme
Soyn(e), Sone, Soune, adv., soon
Spar, v., faster, bar;
p.t., Sparit, Sperit, Spyryt, etc.
Spayn, span, grasp
Spering, Speryng, s., asking, information; also v., Sperit, inquired (A.S. spirian)
Spoulyheing, s., spoiling
Sprent, v., p.t., sprang, XII. 49
Spryngaldis, shooting-machines, XVII. 247. See note
Spulyheit, v., p.p., spoiled
Squyary, a body of “squyares” or esquires
Stablist, v., p.t., “established,” settled
Stad, “bested,” hard pressed
Staffing, s., thrusting, pushing, XVII. 785
Staff-slyngis, slings on sticks, XVII. 344. See note
Staill, a fixed position, XVII. 97
Standand, v., pr. p., standing
Stane, s., stone;
pl., Stanis
Stay, adj., steep
Sted(e), Steid, “stead,” place (A.S. stede)
Steir, v., stir, IX. 382 (A.S. styrian): on steir, a-stir
Steir, Ster(e), s., a rudder (A.S. steōr, steering, rudder)
Steir, Steyr, v., to “steer,” direct, govern
Stekis, v., closes
Stekit, v., p.t., stuck, stabbed
Stemmand, steering, straight, V. 25
Stent, v., to pitch, set up;
p.t., Stentit
Sterand, “stirring,” prancing, XI. 129
Stern, a star;
pl., Sternis, Steris
Stert, v., to start;
p.t., stert
Stertling, s., restless motion. (Cf. fische wantounly stertland.—Complaynt of Scotlande)
Stew, mist, vapour, XI. 614
Stint, v., stop, X. 716;
s., Stinting, stopping
Stith, Styth, “stiff,” strong, hardy (A.S. stīth, strong); also adv., Stithly
Stoking, thrusting, XVII. 785 (F. estoquer, to thrust)
Stole, “stool,” seat
Stonay, v., to astonish, terrify, defeat;
p.t. and p.p., Stonayit
Stot, drive back
Stound, s., time, while
Stour, s., conflict, battle (A.F. estur)
Stowpand, v., pr. p., stooping, VIII. 297
Straif, v., p.t., strove
Straucht, Strawcht, adj., straight; also adv.
Straucht, v., p.t., stretched out; also p.p.
Strecour, s., a young hound, VI. 487
Strekit, v., p.t., and p.p., stretched, extended: strekit weill, clearly defined, XX. 317
Strenyheit, p.p., constrained
Strikand, pr. p., “striking” leading, VI. 238;
p.p. Strikin, fought
Strowit, p.p., strewn
Stroy, v., destroy
Sture, sturdy, strong (A.S. stōr, great)
Sua, Swa(y), so
Suagat, Swagat, so, in such a manner
Succudry, pride, presumption (O.F. sorcuiderie)
Sudjorne, s. and v., sojourn
Suelt, died, IV. 311 (A.S. sweltan, to die)
Suet, life-blood, life, XIII. 32
Suld, should
Sum, as suffix, altogether, in all: e.g., fiff-sum, five in all; six-sum, etc.
Sumdeill, Sumdele, adv., somewhat, to some extent
Sumkyn, adv., of some kind. Cf. Nakyn
Summer, the bearing or principal beam; same word as next, XVII. 696
Summer, a sumpter-horse, XIX. 746 (O.F. sommier)
Suppowale, support, reinforcement, XVI. iii, 139
Sur-noune, surname, XVII. 152
Suth, adj., true;
s., truth
Suthfast, adj., true;
s., Suthfastnes;
adv., Suthley
Swa. See Sua.
Swak, a blow, V. 643
Swappit, drew quickly, threw, cast
Swar, v., p.t., swore; also Swoir
Swat, s., sweat
Swonand, swooning, XVII. 648
Swilk, Swylk, such
Swith, Swyth, quickly, soon: als swith, as quickly as possible
Swoir, v., p.t., swore; also Swar
Swome, v., to swim, III. 431
Sychand, pr. p., sighing
Sykis, streams in a muddy bottom, XI. 300. See note
Syn(e), adv., afterwards, then, next, at last
Syndir, Syndri, adj., sundry, various, separate;
adv., Syndrely
Sythyn, adv., afterwards
Syttyn, v., p.p., sat
Ta, v., take;
p.t., Tuk;
p.p., Tan(e), Tayne;
pr. p., Takand
Ta; the ta = thet a, the one (see Grammar); also the tane = thet-ane
Taill, payment by an heir on succeeding to an estate, XII. 320
Tais, v., takes
Tailyhe, agreement, XX. 134;
v., Talit (E. Tailyheit), agreed upon, XIX. 188
Taknyng, Takynnyng, sign, token, evidence (A.S. tācnung, a sign)
Takyn, a token, sign, signal (A.S. tācn, a token)
Tald, v., p.t., Told
Tale, number, XI. 5 (A.S. tal, number)
Talent, s., desire: so also in Chaucer, B. 1137
Tane the, the one. See Ta
Tasit, drew back, V. 623. See note
Taskar, a thresher (A.S. therscan, to thresh)
Tastit, v., tested, tried
Taucht, v., p.t., gave
Tauld, v., p.t., told
Te, v., to tie, XV. 282
Tell, count (A.S. tellan)
Tend, tenth
Tene, Teyne, anger, vexation, II. 377: for propyr tene in his personal vexation (A.S. tēona, injury, insult)
Tent, care, heed
Ter, tar, XVII. 611
Tha(y), those. See Grammar
Thak, thatch
Than, adv., then; even, I. 217
Thar, impers. v., it needs, it is necessary, VIII. 257, XII. 300;
p.t., Thurt
Thar, adv., there; and in compounds, Thareftir, Thar-fra, therefrom;
Thartill, thereto;
Thar-throuch, thereby
Tharup, “up there”
The-quhethir, however, and yet, nevertheless. See Grammar (Conj).
Thine, thence;
fra thine, from thence, V. 190;
Thine-furth, thenceforth, XVII. 722
Thir, these. See Grammar (Pron.)
Thocht, conj., though
Thole, Thoill, v., to suffer, endure;
p.t., Tholyt;
p.p., Tholit (A.S. tholian, to suffer)
Thouch(t), though
Thowlesnes, heedlessness, I. 333
Thra, eager (O.N. thrār, stubborn)
Thrang, s. “throng,” crowd, press; difficulty, distress, X. 117, XV. 353
Thraw, a little time (A.S. thrāg, a space of time)
Thrawing, s., throwing
Threllis, “thralls,” slaves; also Thryll;
Threldome, s., thraldom
Thretty, thirty
Thrillag(e), Thryllage, thraldom; also Thrildome, Thryldome
Thrillit, pierced (A.S. thirlian, to pierce)
Thring, Thryng, v., to throng;
pr. p., Thringand (A.S. thringan, to press, crowd)
Thristill, a throstle, thrush
Thristing, s., thrusting, XIII. 156
Throppill, the windpipe, the throat
Throuch, Throw;
prep., through
Throwand, pr. p., writhing, XV. 230
Thurt. See Thar
Thyrland, piercing, making holes in, II. 540;
pr. p. of Thrillit
Tid, Tyd, time (A.S. tīd)
Till, prep., to
Till-hewyn, p.p., scarred, cut in different directions, XX. 367;
p.t., Till-hewyt, clove, cut down, II. 381
Tit, Tyt, adv., soon, quickly;
comp. Titar, Tyttar
Tit, Tyt, v., snatch, pull, V. 603, XVI. 132
Tithand, Tithing, s., tidings, news
To-fruschyt, v., p.p., crushed, broken in pieces (A.S. to, in two; O.F. froissier, to break)
To-ga, fled
To-morn, to-morrow
Top-castellis, top-castles or fighting-tops of a war-ship
To-stonay, to astound thoroughly. (“To” is intensive = Ger. Zu)
Tothir in the tothir, second. See Grammar
Tournys, v., turns
To-waverand, wandering in different directions
Towme, a tomb
Toym, Tume, leisure, V. 642 (Icel. tōm, emptiness, leisure). See note
Trammys, war-engines, structures of wood, XVII. 245
Trane, Traine, Trayn, stratagem, plot
Tranonting, Tranontyne s., stratagem, specially, apparently, a forced march, VII. 508, 608;
v., Tranontit, XVIII. 360
Trappit, furnished with trappings, armoured (of horses)
Trast, Traist, adj., trusty; secure, XIV. 466;
comp., Trastar;
v., Trast, Trastit;
adv., Trastly, Traistly, trustfully, securely, confidently;
comp. Trastlyar;
also Trast, subs., appointment, XVII. 36
Travaill, v., to travel, work hard, pr. p.; also Travale, trouble, interfere with, VI. 602
Travaill, Travell, s., a difficult journey, IV. 48; labour, hardship;
pl., Travalys: also Travailyhe
Travaland, toiling, travelling;
p.t., Travalit, troubled, harassed, etc.
Tray, s., vexation, XVIII. 233 (A.S. trega)
Trayne, v., draw, entice, XIX. 354
Tretis, s., a treaty; proposes to treat, X. 125
Treuth, s., troth, trust;
gaf treuth, believed, IV. 223
Trew, v., trust, believe
Trewis, Trowis, s., truce; also as plur., XIX. 200, 203
Treyn, adj., wooden
Trist, “tryst,” place of meeting;
set trist, appointed, VII. 235
Tropellis, troops, small bodies (O.F. tropel, dimin. of trope = troupeau, a troop)
Trow, v., believe;
Trowit, Trowit
Trumpe, to sound the trumpet;
pr. p., Trumpand;
p.t., Trumpit, XIX. 429.
See note
Trumpe, v., to sound on a trumpet;
pr. p., Trumpand
Trumpit, p.p., deceived, XIX. 712 (?) (F. tromper, to deceive)
Trunsioune, a truncheon, staff of office
Trymbill, v., to tremble, II. 295;
pr. subj., Trymmyll, XII. 268
Tulyheit, v., p.t., harassed, IV. 152
Tume, leisure, XVII. 735. See Toym.
Tummyll, v., tumble: p.t., Tumlit, pulled down
Turs, v., truss, pack up (O.F. torser); Tursit, Tursit
Tutlyng, tooting on a horn, XIX. 604
Twa(y), two
Twist, a twig, a small branch, VII. 188
Twyn, adj., twain, IV. 691
Tyd, v., to betide, happen
Tymbrys, crests (F. timbre)
Tyne, v., to lose;
p.t., Tynt (Icel. tyna, to lose)
Tynsale, loss, harm
Tysday, Tuesday
Tyt. See Tit
Umbecast, v., to consider, think over
Umbeset, v., beset
Umbestount, adv., sometimes, VII. 398
(A.S. ymbe, about; stund, a time)
Umbethink, Umbethoucht, bethink, bethought
Umquhill, sometimes (A.S. hwīl, a time)
Unabasitly, boldly
Unbondyn, v., p.p., unbound
Under-ta(k), v., undertake;
p.p., Undertane
Unfair, Unfayr, unfortunate, evil
Unseill, s., misfortune (A.S. unsǣl)
Unwittandly, unwisely
Unwemmyt. See Wem
Upcom, s., way up; also Upgang
Ure, s., fate, luck, “especially ‘good luck’” (Skeat) (O.F. eur. Cf. bonheur)
Utelauys, outlaws
Utouth, outside, II. 299
Valayis, s., valleys;
pl., of Valè
Vanys, veins
Vaslage, Vassalage, prowess, valour (such as was expected from a vassal)
Vath, s., danger (O.N. vāthi)
Vaward, vanguard
Vencus, Vencust, v., vanquish, vanquished
Vere, spring
Verty. See Averty
Veschall, “vessels”; i.e., plate, XI. 117 (F. vaisselle)
Viage, s., voyage
Vittelleris, Vittelouris, s., “victualers,” foragers
Volageous, “flighty,” dashing, unsettled, VIII. 445, X. 553
Vyre, a bolt for a crossbow
Vyre, cast, XVII. 704 (O.F. virer)
Wa, Way, s., woe;
adj., sad, sorry
Wach, Wauch, v., watch, guard
Wafand, waving
Wageouris, s., “waged soldiers,” mercenaries, XI. 48
Waik, weak. Cf. Waykar
Wald, s., wold
Wald, v., would
Walk, v., to wake, watch;
p.t., Walknyt.
See Language, “l”
Walkyn, v., to awake. See Language, “l”
Wallyt, p.p., walled
Walopyt, galloped, II. 440
Wan(e), v., p.t. of won
Wane, Wayne, quantity, XVI. 454
Wapnys, s., weapons
Wappyt, v., p.t., struck, knocked, XVII. 691
War, s., ware, merchandise, XIX. 194
War, adj., aware; wary, X. 333
War, adv., worse, XIII. 219
War, v., were
Warisoune, Warysoun, s., reward
Warn, v., to refuse, IV. 392;
p.t., Warnyt, opposed; warned (A.S. wyrnan, to refuse)
Warnist, v., p.t. and p.p., stored, provided with;
s., Warnasyng, Warnysyng (O.F. warnir; F. garnier, to provide)
Warnisoun, garrison
Warpyt, v., threw (A.S. weorpan, to throw)
Warrand, Warand(e), s., refuge, place of safety, protection;
v., Warand, to protect
Warrar, adj., comp. more aware, V. 546
Warra(y), v., to war against;
pr. p., Warrayand, warring upon, making war
Warraying, s., “warring,” warfare
Waryit, cursed (A.S. wergian, to curse)
Wassand, weasand, throat, VII. 584
Wat, adj., wet
Watyt, v. p.t, “waited,” lay in wait for, I. 202
Wat(e), v., wot, know
Wauch. See Wach
Waverand, v., pr. p., wandering about
Wayn, Weyn, “weening,” thought, purpose
Wayndist, gave way, swerved, recoiled (O.F. wandir, gandir, to turn aside, escape)
We, “wee,” a small space or short time
Wecht, s., weight
Weddir, “wether,” sheep
Weid, dress;
armour, XVI. 580;
pl. Wedis (A.S. wæd, clothing)
Weill, Weile, Wele, Weyle, adv., well very
Weir, s., war
Weir, s., doubt;
but weir, without doubt
Weld, v., “wield”;
pr. p., Weldand, ruling, guiding
Weltir, v., upset, XI. 25;
pr. p., Weltrand, rolling. III. 719;
p.t., Weltryt, rolled
Wem, stain, scar (A.S. wam);
v., p.p., Wemmyt, scarred, XX. 368
Wend, v., to go;
p.t., Went
Wend, v., “weened,” thought, expected;
p.t., Wenit
Wene, Weyne, s., supposition;
but we(y)ne, without doubt (A.S. wen)
Wenyng, “weening,” supposing, foretelling, IV. 765
Wer, adj., worse; also War
Wer(e), v., to defend, XVI. 594
Wer, Weyr, s., doubt: but wer, without doubt.
See Weir
Werd, We(i)rdis, fate, destiny, and pl.
Wicht, adj., strong, brave, active
Wikkid, adj., poor, cruel;
s., Wikkidness, timidity, weakness, XII. 280;
Wikidly, severely, XVII. 809
Will, adj., wild, astray, VII. 2 (see note): will of red—of wane, at a loss
Wis, adj., “wise,” way (A.S. wīs)
Wissill, mutually destroy, XII. 580
With, Wyth, prep., against, I. 520; by, I. 521
Withsay, v., gainsay, oppose, I. 210
With-thi, conj., on condition that
Wittely, adv., wisely
Wittering, Witting, s., knowledge, information
Witterly, Wittirly, for certain
Witty, adj., wise, prudent
Wlispyt, v., lisped (Old Low Germ. wlispen)
Wod, Woud, s., wood
Wone, v., p.p., wont, accustomed
Wonnand, v., pr. p., dwelling;
p.t., Wounyt (A.S. wunian, to dwell)
Wonnyn, v., p.p., won
Wonnyng, s., dwelling
Worschip, s., valour
Worth (Worthis), Worthit, v., becomes, became;
p.p., Worthyn: hym worthit neid, it became necessary for him, XIX. 209;
wo worth, woe be to, I. 515
Worthyhede, honour
Woude, “wud,” mad, XVII. 106 (A.S. wōd); also Wood, XX. 483
Woude, v., p.t., waded (A.S. wadan, wod)
Wouk, v., p.t., kept watch (A.S. wacan, woc, to watch, watched)
Woux, Wox(e), v., p.t., waxed, grew
Wrate, Wrat, Wrayt, v., wrote
Wre(y)th, Wreythyt, v., became enraged, enraged;
p.p., Wrethit, XVII. 45
Wrichtis, wrights, workmen
Wrocht, Wroucht, v., p.t., wrought
Wyndland, pr. p., rolling, tumbling over one another, XVII. 721.
“Windle-straws” in Scots = dog’s grass
Wysk, s., whisk, a quick blow.
Y, Yh. See also under I.
Yare(e), Yha(i)r, adj., ready; also adv.
Yheld, Yhald, Yholdyn, v., yield, yielded
Yharn(e), Yharnit, v., yearn, yearned for
Yharne, adv., diligently
Yheid, Yhed, Yhude, v., went (A.S. ēode)
Yheit, Yheyt, yet
Yhemar, a keeper, groom
Yhemsall, Yhemsell, Yheymseill, s., care (Icel. geimsla, guardianship)
Yheyme, Yhemyt, v., guard, take care of (A.S. gȳman, to watch over)
Yhet, Yhate, s., gate (A.S. geat)
Yhoill-evyn, “Yule-even,” Christmas Eve
Yhon(e), adj., yon;
adv., Yhongat, in that way, in such a way
Yhouthheid, s., youth
Yneuch, adj. as indef. pron., enough, XIV. 235, 364
Ynkirly Ynkurly, adv., specially, particularly. See Enkrely
Ysche, v. See Isch
Ysching, s., “issuing,” sally
Ysche, s., “issue,” way out; sally; outlet, XIV. 354
Yscheill. See Eschele
Ythand, adj., diligent, constant, tenacious, also adv., Ythandly