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Desert and Water Gardens of the Red Sea

by Cyril Crossland

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List of Illustrations, etc.

PAGE
Pl.I,Fig.1.Coast of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan inside cover at beginning
„II,„2.Map of Red Sea„ „ „end
„III,„3.A sandstorm frontispiece
Fig.4.Plan of Suakin harbour etc.11
„5.Suakin, the Customs House and Government buildings„
Pl.IV,Fig.6.Suakin, a mosque (Photo. by W. H. Lake, Esq.)to face 13
„V,„7.„ the causeway and town gate„14
„V,„8.„ one of Kitchener’s forts„„
„V,„9.Sunset on the Red Sea„„
„VI,„10.Portrait of a young Hamite„15
„VII,„11.An Arabian Sea captain„16
„VII,„12.A Bishari„„
„VII,„13.Negro ex-slave„„
„VIII,„14.Old Mabrûk, from Zanzibar„20
„VIII,„15.Hamitic woman„„
„IX,„16.Elderly Bishari„23
„X,„17.A veteran seaman„25
„X,„18.Mutton fat hair dressing„„
„X,„19.Daggers and amulet„„
„X,„20.A woman’s hand„„
„XI,„21.Our camel postman with native arms„28
„XII,„22.Prayer at a Shêkh’s grave„36
„XII,„23.Boys with amulets and lucky stone„„
„XIII,„24.A prophet’s tomb„38
„XIII,„25.A mediaeval tomb„„
„XIV,Figs. 26 and 27.Water carriers„50
„XV,Fig.28.Tent houses„54
„XVI,„29.Goats feeding on thorn bushes„56
„XVI,Figs. 30 and 31.Native utensils„„
„XVII,„ 32 and 33.Arabian sword dance„57
„XVII,Fig.34.Hamitic wedding dance„„
Pl.XVIII,„35.Pearling canoes under sail„60
„XVIII,„36.A pilgrim sambûk„„
Fig.37.Outline of rigging of a sambûk„
„38.Diagram of halyard 61
„39.Laden sambûk under sail 62
Pl.XIX,Fig.40.Hamitic fishermanto face 65
„XIX,„41.Small pearling gatîra„„
„XIX,„42.Large pearling sambûk with ten canoes„„
„XX,Figs. 43 to 46.The operations of a pearl fisher„66
„XXI,Fig.47.Pearl-divers„71
„XXII,„48.Spinning goats’ hair„74
„XXIII,„49.Weaving hair cloth„80
„XXIII,„50.A marriageable girl„„
„XXIV,„51.Baby girl with lamb„82
„XXV,Figs. 52 to 57.Sea-anemones and corals„84
„XXVI,Fig.58.Some stony corals„88
„XXVII,„59.A simple colonial coral„89
„XXVIII,„60.Common reef building corals„91
„XXIX,Figs. 61 to 63.The mushroom corals„92
„XXX,„ 64 and 65.Stony seaweeds„100
„XXXI,„ 66 to 70.Corals bored by molluscs and sponges„102
Diagram 1.Features of a fringing reef 104
Pl.XXXII,Fig.71.Reef flat and undercut cliffs, Rawayato face 104
Diagram 2.The building of a reef 105
„ 3.Further growth of the reef 106
„ 4.The abrasion of the coast„
„ 5.Formation of fringing reef 107
Pl.XXXIII,Fig.72.Portion of a reef flatto face 108
„XXXIII,„73.The under surface of the same stone„„
„XXXIV,„74.A fringing reef in sandstone, Cape Verde Islands„110
„XXXIV,„75.Embryo reef near Alexandria„„
„XXXV,Figs. 76 and 77.Cliffs of “coral rag” in Zanzibar„112
Diagram 6.Formation of atoll by direct growth. (From Fowler’s Science of the Sea: J. Murray)115
„ 7.Formation of a rift valley 122
„ 8.Atoll growing on summit of a volcanic mound. (From Fowler’s Science of the Sea: J. Murray)124
Fig.78.Coast of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 126
Pl.XXXVI,Fig.79.Yemêna oasis on the maritime plainto face 128
Pl.XXXVII,Figs. 80 and 81.Corals on summit of Jebel Têtâwib„129
„XXXVIII,„ 82 „ 83.Two views in Yemêna ravine„131
Fig.84.Map of reefs off Port Sudan 137
Diagram 9.Section through Rawaya and Makawar 138
Fig.85.Map of Rawaya, etc 139
Diagram 10.Levelling action of the sea 140
Pl.XXXIX,Figs. 86 and 87.Two views on Rawayato face 140
Diagram 11.Reefs off Ras Salak 142
Pl.XL,Fig.88.In a fault ravine of Abu Shagaratoto face 143
Fig.89.Sketch of Jebel Têtâwib, coral and gypsum beds 144
Diagram 12.Three steps on side of Red Sea Rift Valley 145
Figs. 90 and 91.Types of harbours 147-8

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