Modern Cotton Spinning Machinery

General Index

A
	Par.	Page.
Acceleration of winding velocity in mule	330	211
Action of building motion in roving machines	252	168
Action of building ratchet wheel in roving machines	257	171
Action of combing machine	198	126
Action of copping mechanism	322	205
Action of mule at end of draw	289	189
Action of fallers in mule	303	194
Action of plate wheel in roving machines	244	162
Action of rollers of mule	267	177
Advantages of rotation of backing-off wheel	296	190
Air current, conveyance of cotton by	63	32
Air current, effect of passages on	79	41
Air current in scutchers, velocity of	78	40
American cotton	21	13
Amount of lift in roving machines	233	154
Angularity of brackets in ring frames	370	240
Angularity of thread in mules	360	229
Asa Lees and Company’s rope driving for ring frames	383	254
Asa Lees and Company’s rope driving for scutchers	92	48
Ashworth Brothers’ cylinder setting	129	75
Ashworth Brothers’ cylinder driving	149	85
Ashworth Brothers’ revolving flat carding machine	129	75
Attachment of cards to cylinders and doffers	164	96
Attachment of cards to flats by rivets	166	101
Attachment of cards to flats by sewing	166	101
Attachment of cards to flats by clips	166	101
Attachment of carriage end frame bands	284	187
Attachment of pressers	228	148
Attachment of roving to mule spindles	267	177
B
Back shaft connection with scroll shaft	315	202
Back shaft connection of quadrant with	327	209
Back shaft clutch, shape of teeth	284	187
Back shaft clutch, disengagement of	293	190
Back shaft, driving of	284	184
Back shaft, driving of, ordinary method	351	221
Back shaft, position of scrolls	284	187
Backing-off chain, tightening motion	307	198
Backing-off clutch, engagement of	299	193
Backing-off clutch, release of	312	200
Backing-off, compression of spring	300	193
Backing-off, constant rotation of wheel	296	190
Backing-off, driving of wheel	282	194
Backing-off, effect of driving wheel	282	184
Backing-off lever, release of	301	194
Backing-off, operation of	270	177
Backing-off, holding out catch during	310	200
Backing-off, parts at end of	311	200
Bale breaker	28	17
Bale breaker, construction of rollers	33	19
Bale breaker, Dobson and Barlow’s	34	19
Bale breaker, draught of	30	18
Baling of cotton	27	16
Balling machines	404	281
Bands, check	315	202
Bands, tension of spindle	280	183
Bands, mule end frame	284	187
Bands, course of rim	281	183
Beaters, balancing scutcher	68	36
Beaters, blow of	69	37
Beaters, construction of scutcher	68	36
Beaters, space between grid and arms of	59	31
Beaters, pulsations of	70	37
Beaters, two and three winged	69	36
Beaters, velocity of opener	55	30
Beaters, velocity of Lord’s opener	58	31
Beaters, velocity of scutcher	69	36
Bearings, Higgins’ roving spindle	230	152
Belts, main driving speeds	13	10
Bend, Mason’s concentric	113	60
Bend, Dobson and Barlow’s	125	69
Bend, easy adjustment of flexible	134	78
Bend, Hetherington’s setting of	121	66
Bend, Hetherington’s trueing of	121	66
Bend, Howard and Bullough’s	127	70
Bend, Knowles’	128	73
Bend, Legh’s flexible	119	65
Bend, Platt’s flexible	122	67
Bend, Platt’s inspection of setting of	137	79
Bend, position of flexible	120	66
Bend, setting brackets for	113	60
Bend, setting flexible	119	65
Bend, theory of flexible	118	64
Bobbins, coated	414	291
Bobbins, doubling and throstle	413	291
Bobbins, driving roving	232	153
Bobbins, lead, reasons for	237	156
Bobbins, lift of	233	154
Bobbins and flyer leads	240	158
Bobbins, principle of driving roving	239	157
Bobbins, retardation of roving	238	157
Bobbins, ring frame	413	288
Bobbins, roving	412	287
Bobbins, Sidebotham’s patent	413	291
Brazilian cotton	20	13
Brooks’ adjustment of flats in card	131	77
Brooks’ drawing machine	208	137
Brooks’ ring spinning machine	367	234
Brooks’ revolving flat card	130	76
Brooks’ slow motion for card	174	107
Building motion, action of	252	168
Building motion, construction of	251	167
Building motion, objects of	250	166
Building motion, reversal of lift by	254	171
Building motion, roving frame	250	166
Bundling press	396	267
C
Cages, Crighton’s construction of	76	39
Cages, position of	67	35
Calender rollers of carding engines	109	55
Calculation of counts	387	257
Calculation of hank roving	387	257
Cam shaft, effect of first half turn of	292	190
Cam shaft, effect of second half turn of	345	218
Cam shaft, ordinary position of	350	220
Cam shaft, position of cams on	291	189
Cans, arrangement in drawing machine	215	143
Cans, Bridge’s corrugated	405	282
Cans, Platt’s full stop motion	221	145
Cans, position in coiler	110	55
Cans, sliver	405	282
Carding, importance of	190	119
Card clothing, attachment to flats by rivets	166	101
Card clothing, attachment to flats by sewing	166	101
Card clothing, attachment to flats by clips	166	101
Card clothing, attachment to flats by Platt’s clip	169	105
Card clothing, construction of foundation	154	91
Card clothing, counts of wire	156	92
Card clothing, counts used	157	93
Card clothing, defects of side grinding	159	94
Card clothing, deflection of flats	167	102
Card clothing, desirability of light grinding	163	95
Card clothing, improved side grinding	162	95
Card clothing, machine for winding fillets	165	96
Card clothing, manufacture of fillets	155	91
Card clothing, mode of attaching fillets	164	96
Card clothing, Platt’s fastener for	169	105
Card clothing, preparation before fixing	164	96
Card clothing, principles of setting	158	93
Card clothing, setting teeth	156	92
Card clothing, shape of teeth	159	94
Card clothing, side grinding of teeth	159	94
Card clothing, striation of teeth	161	94
Card clothing, teeth of licker-in	157	93
Card clothing, Tweedale’s clip for	168	102
Card grinding, best speed of cylinder	170	105
Card grinding, Brooks’ slow motion for	174	107
Card grinding, construction of brackets	178	110
Card grinding, Dronsfield’s emery fillets	176	109
Card grinding, Edge’s flat apparatus	182	113
Card grinding, Hetherington’s flat apparatus	181	112
Card grinding, Hetherington’s slow motion	172	106
Card grinding, Higginson’s flat apparatus	183	114
Card grinding, Horsfall roller	177	109
Card grinding, Knowles’ and Tatham’s flat apparatus	180	111
Card grinding, Knowles’ slow motion	175	108
Card grinding, machine for rollers	186	117
Card grinding, machine for Wellman flats	187	118
Card grinding, Platt’s flat apparatus	184	116
Card grinding, principles of flat	179	110
Card grinding, rollers used in	176	108
Card grinding, Sykes’ slow motion	171	105
Carding machine, action of cylinder	151	86
Carding machine, action of licker-in	150	85
Carding machine, Ashworth’s	129	74
Carding machine, Ashworth’s cylinder setting	129	74
Carding machine, Ashworth’s driving	149	85
Carding machine, Ashworth’s setting of pedestals	148	85
Carding machine, attenuation of fleece	152	86
Carding machine, Brook’s	130	76
Carding machine, Brook’s adjustment of flats	131	77
Carding machine, condition of fibres	153	88
Carding machine, construction of bend	113	60
Carding machine, construction of calender rolls	109	55
Carding machine, construction of coiler	110	55
Carding machine, construction of cylinder	107	54
Carding machine, construction of dish feed	143	81
Carding machine, construction of doffer	108	54
Carding machine, construction of doffer comb	108	54
Carding machine, construction of licker-in	106	54
Carding machine, construction of pedestals	147	84
Carding machine, construction of setting brackets	113	60
Carding machine, construction theory of bend	118	64
Carding machine, character of working settings	133	78
Carding machine, development of	104	53
Carding machine, Dobson and Barlow’s	125	69
Carding machine, Dobson and Barlow’s covers for	145	82
Carding machine, Dobson and Barlow’s pedestal setting	148	85
Carding machine, driving of parts of	146	84
Carding machine, driving of rollers	113	60
Carding machine, ease of flexible bend adjustment	134	78
Carding machine, effect of licker-in	143	82
Carding machine, feeding laps	105	53
Carding machine, Hetherington’s setting of bend	121	66
Carding machine, Hetherington’s trueing apparatus	121	66
Carding machine, Howard and Bullough’s	127	70
Carding machine, Howard and Bullough’s pedestal setting	148	85
Carding machine, inclination of teeth on rollers	112	56
Carding machine, Knowles’s	128	73
Carding machine, Leigh’s flexible bend	119	65
Carding machine, method of setting flats	132	77
Carding machine, movement of cylinder centre	135	79
Carding machine, object of	103	53
Carding machine, Platt’s bend setting	122	67
Carding machine, Platt’s inspection of setting	137	79
Carding machine, position of chain attachment	123	68
Carding machine, position of flexible bend	120	64
Carding machine, position of mote knives	144	82
Carding machine, position of under casings	144	82
Carding machine, removal of neps and short fibre	150	85
Carding machine, revolving flat	115	61
Carding machine, revolving, adjusting heel of flats	117	62
Carding machine, revolving, construction of flats	116	61
Carding machine, revolving, mode of shaping flats	116	61
Carding machine, revolving, number of flats	115	61
Carding machine, revolving, testing flats	117	62
Carding machine, roller and clearer	111	56
Carding machine, roller dirt stripper	111	56
Carding machine, setting flexible bend	119	65
Carding machine, setting licker-in and doffer	136	79
Carding machine, ultimate draught	152	86
Carding machine, velocity of cylinder	107	54
Carding machine, velocity of doffer	108	54
Carding machine, velocity of doffer comb	108	54
Carding machine, velocity of rollers	112	56
Carding machine, velocity of Wellman	141	81
Carding machine, Wellman	138	79
Carding machine, Wellman, Dobson, and Barlow’s	139	80
Carding machine, Wellman, effect of setting of flats	141	81
Carding machine, Wellman, future of	142	81
Carding machine, Wellman, principles of	138	79
Carding machine, Wellman, setting flats of	140	81
Card stripping, importance of	188	118
Card stripping, method of	189	119
Card stripping, reasons for	188	118
Capital employed in spinning	3	5
Carriage of mule, connection with square	278	183
Carriage of mule, construction of	278	183
Carriage of mule, gain of	288	189
Carriage of mule, improved slips for	360	229
Carriage of mule, reciprocal motion of	269	177
Chain attachment to flats	123	68
Chain, backing-off tightening	307	198
Chain, winding	331	212
Chain, winding tightening motion	333	213
Cleanliness, importance of	16	11
Clearers for drawing frames	212	142
Clearers, Dobson and Barlow’s	212	142
Clearers, Ermen’s revolving	212	142
Clearers, roving frames	226	148
Clearers, rollers of carding engines	112	56
Click motion	341	217
Click motion, defects of old	342	217
Click motion, holding out rod and	343	217
Coiler, construction of	110	56
Collars, Mason’s long	229	152
Combined opening machines, Dobson and Barlow’s	47	25
Combined opening machines, Platt’s	52	28
Combined opening machines, Lord’s	58	31
Combined mixing, opening, and scutching	63	32
Combined opening and scutching	93	48
Combing machine, action of	198	126
Combing machine, combing cylinder	196	125
Combing machine, detaching mechanism	197	126
Combing machine, Dobson and Barlow’s	202	130
Combing machine, Imbs’	205	135
Combing machine, nippers of, Dobson & Barlow’s	203	134
Combing machine, nipper guard	201	130
Combing machine, preparation of sliver for	192	120
Combing machine, Pinel, Lecœur, & Hetherington’s	205	135
Combing machine, speed of	200	129
Combing machine, waste from	206	136
Comparative spindle speeds	9	8
Condenser, Theisen’s patent	11	9
Cones, Asa Lees’ driving for	92	48
Cones, Platt’s driving for	87	45
Cones, roving frame	242	158
Cones, scutching machine velocity	83	42
Cones, shape of	249	166
Cones, speed	249	166
Construction of combing cylinder	196	125
Construction of drawing machine	208	137
Construction of roving frames	226	147
Constructive methods, early	7	7
Constructive methods, modern	8	7
Cops, chase of	317	203
Cops, form of	316	202
Cops, layers of yarn in	317	203
Cops, paper tubes for	316	202
Cops, winding traverse in building	317	203
Copping motion, action of	322	205
Copping motion, loose copping rail	321	205
Copping motion, object of rail	308	199
Copping motion, theory of	319	203
Copping motion, traverse of plates	320	204
Cotton, American	21	13
Cotton, Brazilian	20	13
Cotton, cleaning of	39	23
Cotton, commercial qualities	23	14
Cotton, Egyptian	19	13
Cotton gin	24	15
Cotton, Indian	22	13
Cotton, mixing	36	21
Cotton, Sea Island	18	13
Cotton fibre, structure of	17	12
Cotton fibre, strength of	17	12
Cotton mill, cost of	6	7
Cotton, pneumatic conveyance of	63	32
Cotton spinning industry	3	5
Counts of yarn, definition of	387	257
Counts of wire, how calculated	156	92
Counts of wire commonly used	157	93
Creel, roving machine	226	147
Crighton opening machine	53	29
Crighton opening, combined	63	32
Crighton opening, double	61	32
Crighton opening, distance of grids	59	31
Crighton opening, lubrication of footsteps	57	31
Crighton opening, position of fans	54	29
Crighton opening, production of	60	32
Crighton opening, shape of grids	56	30
Curtis and Rhodes’ differential motion	247	164
Curtis’ mule	358	228
D
Dead plate in scutching machine	75	39
Dead plate, effect of position of	80	41
Dead plate, Platt’s arrangement of	81	41
Dead plate, position of	77	39
Definition of lead	237	156
Deflection of flats	167	102
Detaching mechanism of combers	197	126
Development of carding machine	104	53
Differential motion, action of plate wheel in	244	162
Differential motion, Curtis and Rhodes’	247	164
Differential motion, mode of driving plate wheel	246	163
Differential motion of roving machines	243	161
Differential motion, relative velocity of plate wheel	246	164
Differential motion, theory of	244	162
Differential motion, Tweedale’s	248	165
Dirt roller of carding engine	111	56
Dobson and Barlow’s bale breaker	34	19
Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine	202	130
Dobson and Barlow’s covers for carding engines	145	82
Dobson and Barlow’s detaching mechanism	202	133
Dobson and Barlow’s governing motion	354	225
Dobson and Barlow’s nosing motion	353	223
Dobson and Barlow’s opening machine	47	25
Dobson and Barlow’s revolving flat card	125	69
Dobson and Barlow’s setting cylinders	148	85
Dobson and Barlow’s under casings	144	82
Dobson and Barlow’s Wellman machine	139	80
Doffer, carding machine	108	54
Doffer, velocity of	108	54
Doffer comb	108	54
Doffing motion for reels	394	265
Double fans in opening machines	52	28
Doubling of laps in scutchers	97	52
Doubling machine	384	284
Doubling winding machine, objects of	397	271
Doubling winding machine, Stubbs’	398	271
Draught of bale breaker	30	18
Draught of carding machine	152	86
Draught in drawing machine	211	141
Draught, effect of	211	141
Draught of machines, definition	29	18
Draught of scutching machine	98	52
Draught of scutching where occurring	101	52
Drawing machine, arrangement of sliver cans	215	143
Drawing machine, Brooks’ stop motion	219	144
Drawing machine, centres of rollers	210	141
Drawing machine, clearers for	212	142
Drawing machine, construction of	208	137
Drawing machine, deliveries of	208	137
Drawing machine, Dobson and Barlow’s, clearer for	212	142
Drawing machine, draughts in	211	141
Drawing machine, driving rollers of	209	138
Drawing machine, doubling of slivers in	215	143
Drawing machine, effect of doubling in	216	143
Drawing machine, effect of staple	210	141
Drawing machine, Ermen’s revolving clearer	212	142
Drawing machine, essential features in	214	142
Drawing machine, Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion	223	145
Drawing machine, Leigh’s loose boss rollers	208	138
Drawing machine, number of doublings	216	143
Drawing machine, number of doublings permissible	217	144
Drawing machine, objects of	207	137
Drawing machine, Platt’s full can stop motion	221	145
Drawing machine, reasons for stop motion	219	144
Drawing machine, rollers for	208	138
Drawing machine, roller laps	212	142
Drawing machine, roller relieving motion	213	142
Drawing machine, size of rollers	224	146
Drawing machine, slubs	212	142
Drawing machine, velocity of rollers	209	138
Drawing machine, velocity of rollers	224	146
Driving, Ashworth’s, of carding machine	149	84
Driving belts, speed of	13	10
Driving bobbins of roving machine	232	153
Driving carding engines	146	84
Driving rollers and clearers	113	60
Driving rollers of roving machine	231	152
Driving ropes, size and speed of	14	10
Driving, spindles of roving machine	231	152
Dronsfield’s emery fillets	176	109
Dronsfield’s roller covering machine	409	284
Dub’s governing motion	356	226
Duplex driving of mules	287	188
Dust trunks, construction of	64	32
Dust trunks, Platt Brothers	65	33
Dust trunks, position of	64	32
Dust trunks, use of	63	32
E
Early inventions	1	5
Edge’s flat grinding apparatus	182	131
Egyptian cotton	19	13
Elephant opener	28	16
Engines, steam, types of	11	8
Ermen’s revolving clearer	212	142
Essential features of drawing frames	214	142
Extent of machine making trade	3	5
F
Fans in opening machine	52	28
Feed motion dish for carding engine	106	54
Feed motion dish for carding engine	143	81
Feed motion, Lord’s piano	82	42
Feed motion, cones in scutching	84	43
Feed motion, velocity of cones in scutching	83	42
Feed rollers, draught of	98	52
Feed rollers, drawing action of	85	44
Feed rollers, scutcher	85	44
Feeding carding machines	105	53
Feeding scutching machines from laps	95	51
Fibres, position in fleece	153	88
Fillets attaching to cylinders	164	96
Fillets attaching to flats	166	101
Fillets, Dronsfield’s emery	176	109
Fillets, foundation for card	154	91
Fillets, manufacture of card	155	91
Fillets, Platt’s fastener for	169	105
Fillets, preparation of	164	96
Fillets, setting teeth in	156	92
Fillets, Tweedale’s clip for card	168	102
Fillets, winding on	165	96
Fillets, Whiteley’s clip for card	166	101
Flats, adjustment of heel in	117	62
Flats, attaching chain to	123	68
Flats, attaching clothing to	166	101
Flats, Brooks’ adjustment of	131	77
Flats, character of working setting	133	78
Flats, construction of	116	61
Flats, deflection of	167	102
Flats, Edge’s grinding apparatus for	182	113
Flats, Hetherington’s grinding apparatus for	181	112
Flats, Higginson’s grinding apparatus for	183	114
Flats, Knowles’ grinding apparatus for	180	111
Flats, number of	115	61
Flats, Platt’s grinding apparatus	184	116
Flats, Platt’s inspecting device for	137	79
Flats, shaping	116	61
Flats, setting	132	77
Flats, setting, Wellman	140	80
Flats, testing heel of	117	62
Flyers, attachment of pressers to	228	148
Flyers, construction of roving	227	148
Flyers, lead of	240	158
Flyers, retardation of	240	157
G
Gassing machine	399	272
Gauge of spindles in roving machines	227	148
Gin, cotton	24	15
Gin, Macarthy cotton	25	15
Grids, Howard and Bullough’s air bars for	74	38
Grids, pitch of projections on	60	32
Grids, position in opening machine	59	31
Grids, position in scutching machine	72	37
Grids, shape of opening machine	56	30
Grids, setting bars in	73	38
Grinding, defects of side	160	94
Grinding, desirability of light	163	95
Grinding, Horsfall roller for	177	109
Grinding, improved side	162	95
Grinding, principles of flat	179	110
Grinding, roller brackets for	178	110
Grinding, roller	186	117
Grinding, side	159	94
Grinding, slow speed of cylinder during	170	105
Grinding, striation of teeth	161	94
Grinding, Wellman flat	187	118
H
Hank, definition of	387	257
Hank, roving calculation of	387	257
Heating of mills	15	11
Heilmann combing machine	195	122
Hetherington’s flat-grinding apparatus	181	112
Hetherington’s Heilmann comber	195	122
Hetherington’s mule	352	222
Hetherington’s production of mule	...	233
Hetherington’s setting of flexible bend	121	66
Hetherington’s slow motion	172	106
Hetherington’s trueing apparatus for card	121	66
Higgins’ spindle bearing	230	152
Higginson’s flat grinding apparatus	183	114
Holding-out catch	309	199
Horsfall grinding roller	177	109
Howard and Bullough’s air bars	74	38
Howard and Bullough’s carding engine	127	70
Howard and Bullough’s clip for fillets	168	102
Howard and Bullough’s differential motion	248	165
Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion	223	145
Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion	263	174
Howard and Bullough’s production of ring frame	...	259
Howard and Bullough’s weft ring frame	382	253
Humidity of mills	15	10
I
Importance of cleanliness	16	11
Importance of efficient carding	190	119
Importance of stripping cards	188	118
Imbs’ combing machine	205	135
Inclination of carding roller teeth	112	56
Inclination of spindle in mule	280	183
Increase in production of machine	4	6
Indian cotton	22	13
Indicators for mules	417	292
Indicators for slubbing machines	417	294
J
Jack frame	225	147
Jack shaft	241	158
Jacking	361	231
K
Knowles’ revolving flat carding engine	128	73
Knowles’ slow motion	175	108
Knowles and Tatham’s grinding apparatus	180	111
L
Lap attachment to scutching machine	67	35
Lap, doubling of	97	52
Lap, effect of licker-in on	143	82
Lap, feeding on scutching machine	95	51
Lap, feeding on carding engine	105	53
Lap, selvedges of	99	52
Lap, weight and hank of	100	52
Leaf extractor, Crighton’s	77	40
Leigh’s flexible bend	119	65
Leigh’s loose boss top roller	208	138
Licker-in, action of	150	85
Licker-in, construction of	106	54
Licker-in, setting of	136	79
Licker-in, teeth of	157	93
Lift of roving bobbins	233	154
Lift, amount of	233	154
Lift, reversal of	254	171
Lift, ring rail	367	236
Lift, shortening of roving frame	235	155
Locking lever in mule	305	196
Long collar, Mason’s	229	152
Long lever in mule	290	189
Lord Brothers’ opening machine	58	31
Lord Brothers’ piano feed motion	82	42
Lord Brothers’ scutching machine	68	35
Lord Brothers’ velocity of opening beaters	58	31
M
Machine making industry, employment in	3	5
Machinery, productive power of	4	6
Main driving of mills	12	9
Margin between yarn and cotton	5	6
Mason’s long collars	229	152
Methods, earlier, of machine construction	2	5
Methods, earlier, of machine construction	7	7
Methods, modern, of machine construction	8	7
Mill, cost of	6	7
Mill, construction of modern	10	8
Mixing arrangements	35	20
Mixing by machine	37	21
Mixing, principles of	36	21
Mixing, staples of cottons in	38	22
Moisture in cotton	27	16
Mote knives, position and setting	144	82
Mule	264	176
Mule, back shaft driving of	284	184
Mule, back shaft clutch teeth of	284	187
Mule, back shaft disengagement of clutch	293	190
Mule, back shaft scrolls on	284	187
Mule, backing-off, driving of wheel	282	184
Mule, backing-off, effect of	282	184
Mule, backing-off, engagement of clutch	299	193
Mule, backing-off, operation of	270	177
Mule, backing-off, rotation of wheel	296	190
Mule, backing-off, release of clutch	312	200
Mule, backing-off, release of lever	301	194
Mule, backing-off, compression of spring	300	193
Mule, backing-off, tightening motion of chain	307	198
Mule, bands attaching to end frames	284	187
Mule, cam shaft effects, first half turn	292	190
Mule, cam shaft effects, second half turn	345	218
Mule, cam shaft, position of cams on	291	189
Mule, cam shaft, position of ordinary	350	220
Mule, click motion, description of	341	217
Mule, click motion, defects of old	342	217
Mule, click motion, holding out rod, and	343	217
Mule carriage, angularity of yarn during traverse of	360	229
Mule carriage, connection with square	278	183
Mule carriage, construction of	278	183
Mule carriage, extent of traverse of	269	177
Mule carriage, gain of	288	189
Mule carriage, reciprocal motion of	269	177
Mule carriage, relation of rollers to	276	180
Mule cop, chase of	317	203
Mule cop, form of	316	202
Mule cop, layers of yarn in	317	203
Mule cop, paper tubes for	316	202
Mule cop, position of nose of	306	197
Mule copping motion, action of	322	205
Mule copping motion, loose rail in	321	205
Mule copping motion, object of rail	308	199
Mule copping motion, theory of	319	203
Mule copping motion, traverse of plates in	320	204
Mule, Curtis’	358	228
Mule, driving arrangement of bands for	281	183
Mule, driving, back shaft	284	184
Mule, driving, dimensions of pulleys for	281	183
Mule, driving, duplex	287	188
Mule, driving, duplex, dimensions of pulleys for	287	188
Mule, driving, gear of taking-in shaft	285	187
Mule, driving, improved, for taking-in side shaft	286	188
Mule, driving rollers from rim shaft	283	184
Mule, driving scroll shaft	285	187
Mule, driving spindles	280	183
Mule fallers, action of	303	194
Mule fallers, actuating mechanism of winding	305	196
Mule fallers, construction and position of	303	194
Mule fallers, difference in upward and downward traverse of	317	203
Mule fallers, position of winding before unlocking	346	218
Mule fallers, regulating mechanism of counter	304	195
Mule fallers, regulation of unlocking winding	346	219
Mule fallers, release of strain on rods	347	219
Mule, fine yarn	361	230
Mule governing, action of motion	338	216
Mule governing, amount required	340	216
Mule governing, construction of motion	337	215
Mule governing, Dobson and Barlow’s motion	354	225
Mule governing, Dub’s motion	356	226
Mule governing, necessity for	336	214
Mule governing, release of motion	339	216
Mule, Hetherington’s	352	222
Mule, holding out catch mechanism of	309	199
Mule, holding out position during backing-off	310	200
Mule, holding out catch release of	313	201
Mule, holding out rod effect on click motion	343	217
Mule, jacking motion	361	231
Mule, long lever	290	189
Mule, locking lever, position of	305	196
Mule, locking point, relation to cop nose	306	197
Mule, locking taking-in friction	309	200
Mule, Mendoza lever	351	221
Mule, Mendoza locking	352	222
Mule nosing motion, Dobson and Hardman’s	353	223
Mule nosing motion, Platt’s	333	213
Mule nosing peg	332	213
Mule, Platt’s reasons for selecting	275	179
Mule, production of, 1835-1890	4	6
Mule production, tables of	...	233
Mule, primary parts of	266	176
Mule, regulation of releasing motions	314	201
Mule rim shaft, driving bands on	281	183
Mule rim shaft, driving back shaft from	284	184
Mule rim shaft, driving rollers from	283	184
Mule rim shaft, reversal of	302	194
Mule rim shaft, velocity of	286	188
Mule rollers, action of	267	177
Mule rollers, construction of	277	180
Mule rollers, driving of	283	184
Mule rollers, disengagement of clutch	294	190
Mule rollers, engagement of clutch	345	218
Mule scroll, diameters of	315	202
Mule scroll, connection with back shaft	315	202
Mule scroll, driving of shaft	285	187
Mule scroll, position of, on back shaft	284	189
Mule scroll, position of check	315	202
Mule scroll, revolution of shaft	315	201
Mule spindles, attaching roving to	268	177
Mule spindles, construction of	280	183
Mule spindles, dimensions of	280	183
Mule spindles, effect of taper of	324	206
Mule spindles, fitting bands on	280	183
Mule, number of spindles on	4	6
Mule, reversal of spindles	302	194
Mule, velocity of spindles	280	183
Mule spinning, definition of spinning	264	176
Mule, stages in working of	272	178
Mule stages, definition of	272	178
Mule stages, end of first	289	189
Mule stages, end of second	295	190
Mule stages, end of third	311	200
Mule stages, end of fourth	344	218
Mule stages, end of fifth	288	188
Mule stages, end of fifth	345	218
Mule stages, end of sixth	273	179
Mule stages, varying operation of parts during	274	179
Mule strap guide, lever mechanism of	297	193
Mule strap guide, mode of releasing	298	193
Mule strap guide, release of	295	190
Mule strap guide, re-locking, &c.	345	218
Mule, taking-in, action of back shaft during	315	202
Mule, taking-in, locking of clutch	309	200
Mule, taking-in, position of clutch during backing off	310	200
Mule, taking-in, release of clutch	313	201
Mule, taking-in, speed of carriage during	315	202
Mule, Threlfall’s fine	362	231
Mule, twist yarn produced	363	232
Mule, tin roller, construction of	279	183
Mule, tin roller, driving of	331	212
Mule winding, action at end of	271	178
Mule winding, acceleration of velocity during	329	210
Mule winding, application of theory	329	210
Mule winding, connection of chain with tin roller	331	212
Mule winding, construction of quadrant mechanism	330	210
Mule winding, chain tightening motion	333	213
Mule winding, chain rewinding on scroll	348	219
Mule winding, difference in velocity of	323	206
Mule winding, effect of taper of spindle on	324	206
Mule winding, elevation of initial point of	318	203
Mule winding, mode of rotating quadrant screw	335	214
Mule winding, position of parts during	271	177
Mule winding, theory of	325	208
Mule winding, theory of action of quadrant arm	328	209
Mule, weft yarn	363	232
Mule, waste spinning	364	232
N
Neps, removal of	150	85
Nipper guard	201	130
Nipper, Dobson and Barlow’s	203	134
Nosing motion, Dobson and Barlow’s	353	223
Nosing motion, Platt’s	333	213
Nosing peg	332	213
Number of doublings in drawing	216	143
Number of persons employed	3	6
Number of roving machines for various counts	225	147
Number of spindles at work	3	5
O
Opening, conditions of, successful	42	23
Opening, mode of	41	23
Opening, object of	40	23
Opening machine, combination with mixing room	63	32
Opening machine, construction of dust trunks for	64	32
Opening machine, conveyance of cotton to	63	32
Opening machine, Crighton’s	53	29
Opening machine, Dobson and Barlow’s	47	25
Opening machine, distance between beater arms and grid	59	31
Opening machine, double fans in	52	28
Opening machine, essential features of	43	23
Opening machine, forms of	44	24
Opening machine, Lord Brothers’ combined	58	31
Opening machine, lubrication of footstep in	57	31
Opening machine, pitch of projections on grid	60	32
Opening machine, Platt’s	52	28
Opening machine, Platt’s improved dust trunks for	65	33
Opening machine, porcupine rollers for	48	26
Opening machine, porcupine position and speed of	49	27
Opening machine, porcupine used as feed	50	27
Opening machine, position of dust trunks	64	32
Opening machine, position of fans	54	29
Opening machine, production of Crighton	59	32
Opening machine, shape of grids	56	30
Opening machines, Taylor, Lang and Co.’s	46	24
Opening machines, velocity of beaters in	55	30
Opening machines, velocity of beaters in Lord’s	58	31
Operation of twist wheel in roving machine	241	158
P
Paley’s traverse motion	261	173
Parallelisation of fibres in carding	151	86
Persons employed	3	5
Pedal motion, Asa Lees	91	47
Pedal motion, Howard and Bullough’s	86	44
Pedal motion, Platt’s	88	46
Pedal motion, Lord’s	82	42
Pedal motion, operation of	84	43
Pedal motion, with rollers	85	44
Pinel. Lecœur, and Hetherington’s combing machine	205	135
Pitch of drawing frame rollers	210	141
Plate wheel, action of	244	162
Plate wheel, driving of	246	163
Plate wheel, relative velocity of	246	164
Platt’s carding machine	122	67
Platt’s dust trunks	65	33
Platt’s flat grinding apparatus	184	116
Platt’s flexible bend setting	122	67
Platt’s full can stop motion	221	145
Platt’s inspection of carding setting	137	79
Platt’s mule	275	169
Platt’s opening machine	52	28
Platt’s scutching machine	88	46
Pneumatic conveyance of cotton	62	32
Polishing machines for thread	402	274
Porcupine rollers, construction of	48	26
Porcupine rollers, position and speed of	49	27
Porcupine rollers used as feed	50	27
Preparation of card fillets	164	96
Preparation of card slivers	192	120
Principles of flat grinding	179	111
Principles of mixing	36	21
Principles of setting card teeth	158	93
Principles of twisting	234	154
Production of mule spindles, 1835-90	4	6
Production, tables of mule	...	233
Production of polishing machines	402	274
Production of roving machines	...	175
Production of spooling machines	403	281
Productive power of machinery	4	6
Pugh’s under-clearer spring	226	148
Q
Quick traverse winding machines, Brooks’	401	273
Quick traverse, Dobson and Barlow	401	273
Quick traverse, Hetherington’s	401	273
R
Reeling machines, construction of	390	262
Reeling machines, doffing motions	394	266
Reeling machines, formation of hanks on	391	265
Reeling machines, Guest and Brooks’ skeining motion	395	266
Reeling machines, seven lea motion	392	265
Ribbon lap machine	194	121
Rigidity of machine framing	8	7
Ring doubling machine, English system	384	284
Ring doubling machine, manufacture of thread on	385	257
Ring doubling machine, Scotch system	384	254
Ring spinning machine, angularity of roller brackets	370	240
Ring spinning machine, Asa Lees’ rope driving	383	254
Ring spinning machine, ballooning in	378	248
Ring spinning machine, balloon guards	378	249
Ring spinning machine, Bee spindle	374	246
Ring spinning machine, Bernhardt’s anti-balloon guide	378	249
Ring spinning machine, Booth Sawyer spindle	371	241
Ring spinning machine, centrifugal action of traveller	377	248
Ring spinning machine, common spindle	371	240
Ring spinning machine, construction of	367	234
Ring spinning machine, concentricity of ring and spindle	371	240
Ring spinning machine, Coulthard’s double ring	375	246
Ring spinning machine, definition of ring spinning	366	234
Ring spinning machine, diameter of rings	375	246
Ring spinning machine, diameter of front rollers	383	254
Ring spinning machine, differential drag of traveller	379	250
Ring spinning machine, Dobson Marsh spindle	372	242
Ring spinning machine, Dodd spindle	374	245
Ring spinning machine, early use of	368	239
Ring spinning machine, effect of weight of traveller	378	249
Ring spinning machine, elastic spindles	373	242
Ring spinning machine, form of travellers for bare spindles	381	252
Ring spinning machine, frictional resistance of traveller	377	248
Ring spinning machine, gauge of spindles	383	254
Ring spinning machine, Howard and Bullough’s weft	382	253
Ring spinning machine, influence of weight of traveller	377	248
Ring spinning machine, Lancaster’s system of weft	381	252
Ring spinning machine, lift of ring rail	367	236
Ring spinning machine, lift of spindles	383	254
Ring spinning machine, loss of twist in	380	251
Ring spinning machine, manufacture of rings	375	246
Ring spinning machine, Platt’s bare spindle	382	252
Ring spinning machine, Rabbeth spindle	372	241
Ring spinning machine, self-contained spindles	372	241
Ring spinning machine, spinning on bare spindles	379	250
Ring spinning machine, tables of production	...	259
Ring spinning machine, tables of power	...	260
Ring spinning machine, unsteady running spindles	373	242
Ring spinning machine, velocity of spindles	373	242
Ring spinning machine, Whitin gravity spindles	374	242
Rollers, bale breaker	33	19
Rollers, calender	109	55
Rollers, cloth pasting machine	407	282
Rollers, construction of	406	282
Rollers, covering machines for	409	284
Rollers, drawing frame	208	138
Rollers, ending machines for	409	284
Rollers, grinding	186	117
Rollers, grinding machines for finished	411	287
Rollers, grinding machine for skins	408	283
Rollers, inclination of teeth on	113	60
Rollers, jointing of	406	282
Rollers, pitch of centres of	210	141
Rollers, relieving motion for	213	142
Rollers, rolling machine for	410	284
Rollers, size of	224	146
Rollers, splicing machine for	408	283
Rollers, velocity of	209	138
Rollers, velocity of	224	146
Ropes, speed of driving	13	10
Rope driving	13	10
Rope driving for scutchers, Asa Lees’	91	48
Rope driving for scutchers, Platt’s	87	45
Roving machines, action of building motion	252	168
Roving machines, action of plate wheel	244	162
Roving machines, action of ratchet wheel	257	171
Roving machines, amount of lift	233	154
Roving machines, building motion for	250	166
Roving machines, clearers for	226	148
Roving machines, construction of	226	147
Roving machines, construction of building motion	251	167
Roving machines, construction of collars	229	152
Roving machines, construction of differential motion	243	161
Roving machines, construction of speed cones	249	166
Roving machines, construction of spindles	227	148
Roving machines, cone motion for	242	158
Roving machines, Curtis and Rhodes’ motion	247	164
Roving machines, definition of lead in	237	156
Roving machines, difference in bobbin and flyer leads	240	158
Roving machines, effect of winding in	235	155
Roving machines, effect of diminishing rod	255	171
Roving machines, effect of ratchet wheel change	259	172
Roving machines, Higgins’ bearing for spindles of	230	152
Roving machines, Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion	263	174
Roving machines, jack frame	225	147
Roving machines, locking motion	260	173
Roving machines, Mason’s long collar	229	152
Roving machines, method of driving bobbins	232	153
Roving machines, method of giving lift	233	154
Roving machines, method of driving spindles and rollers	241	158
Roving machines, method of driving plate wheel	246	163
Roving machines, necessity for	225	147
Roving machines, necessity for retardation of bobbin	238	157
Roving machines, number employed	225	147
Roving machines, number of rollers in	226	147
Roving machines, object of building motion	250	166
Roving machines, object of creel	226	148
Roving machines, operation of twist wheel	241	158
Roving machines, Paley’s traverse motion	261	173
Roving machines, principles of reducing bobbin speed	239	157
Roving machines, principles of reducing flyer speed	240	157
Roving machines, twisting	234	154
Roving machines, winding	236	155
Roving machine, Pugh’s under-clearer for	226	148
Roving machine, pressers attachment of	228	148
Roving machine, reasons for bobbin lead	237	156
Roving machine, releasing motion	256	171
Roving machine, relation of strap and diminishing rod	258	172
Roving machine, relative velocity of plate wheel	246	164
Roving machine, reversal of lift	254	171
Roving machine, setting of spindles	227	148
Roving machine, shape of speed cones	249	166
Roving machine, shortening of lift in	235	155
Roving machine, size of rollers	226	148
Roving machine, spindle speeds	234	155
Roving machine, table of production	...	175
Roving machine, theory of action of differential motion	244	162
Roving machine, Tweedale’s differential motion	248	165
Roving machine, velocity of wheels	246	164
Roving machine, weighting of rollers	226	148
S
Scutching machine, Asa Lees’ pedal motion	91	47
Scutching machine, Asa Lees’ rope driving	92	48
Scutching machine, character of beater blow	69	37
Scutching machine, combinations of	93	48
Scutching machine combined with mixing	93	50
Scutching machine, conditions of successful working	94	51
Scutching machine, construction of air passages	79	41
Scutching machine, construction of beaters	68	36
Scutching machine, construction of feed rollers and pedals	85	44
Scutching machine, Crighton’s cages	76	39
Scutching machine, Crighton’s leaf extractor	77	40
Scutching machine, distance of dead plate from beater sheet	77	39
Scutching machine, Dobson and Barlow’s pedal motion	90	47
Scutching machine, doubling of laps in feeding	97	52
Scutching machine, draught of	98	52
Scutching machine, drawing action of rollers	85	44
Scutching machine, effect of dead plate on air current	80	41
Scutching machine, Howard and Bullough’s airbars	74	38
Scutching machine, Howard and Bullough’s pedal bowls	86	44
Scutching machine, importance of balancing beaters	68	36
Scutching machine, lap attachment	67	35
Scutching machine, lap feeding of	95	51
Scutching machine, lap even selvedge of	99	52
Scutching machine, lap weight and hank of	100	52
Scutching machine, Lord’s	68	35
Scutching machine, Lord’s piano feed	82	42
Scutching machine, number of workpeople required for	102	52
Scutching machine, object of	66	35
Scutching machine, operation of piano feed	84	43
Scutching machine, Platt’s dead plate	81	41
Scutching machine, Platt’s pedal motion	88	46
Scutching machine, Platt’s rope driving	87	45
Scutching machine, position of grids	72	37
Scutching machine, position of dead plate	75	39
Scutching machine, pulsations of beater	70	37
Scutching machine, setting of grid bars	73	38
Scutching machine, two or three winged beaters	69	36
Scutching machine, velocity of air current	78	40
Scutching machine, velocity of beaters	69	36
Scutching machine, velocity of cones	83	42
Sea Island cotton	18	13
Selvedges in carding	120	66
Selvedge, opener	52	28
Selvedge, scutcher	99	52
Setting brackets for rollers	113	60
Setting card covers	145	82
Setting card cylinders	129	74
Setting card pedestals	148	85
Setting, character of card	133	78
Setting, effect of Wellman flats	141	81
Setting flats	132	77
Setting flats, theory of	18	64
Setting flats, Wellman	140	81
Setting flexible bend	119	65
Setting licker-in and doffer	136	79
Setting mote knives	141	82
Setting, Platt’s inspection of	137	79
Setting teeth in clothing	156	92
Setting under casings	144	82
Seven lea motion	392	265
Shape of card teeth	159	94
Shortening lift in roving machines	235	155
Side grinding of card teeth	159	94
Side grinding, defects of	160	94
Side grinding, improved	162	95
Side grinding, striation of teeth by	161	94
Size of driving rollers	224	146
Size of driving ropes	14	10
Size of roving rollers	226	148
Skeining motion	395	266
Slivers, definition of	108	55
Slivers, doubling of	193	121
Slivers, doubling of	215	143
Slivers, cans for	405	282
Sliver lap machine	193	121
Slow motion, Sykes’	171	105
Slow motion, Hetherington’s	172	106
Slow motion, Brooks’	174	107
Slow motion, Knowles’	175	108
Slubbing machine	225	147
Slubs, production of	212	142
Speed cones, construction of	249	166
Speed cones, shape of	249	166
Speed of combing machine	200	129
Speed of belts and ropes	13	10
Speed of roving spindles	234	155
Spindles, comparative speed of	9	8
Spindles, construction of roving	227	148
Spindles, number at work	3	5
Spindles, setting of	227	148
Spooling machine	403	278
Spooling, production of	403	281
Standard Spinning Co’s Mill	...	298
Staple, definition of	17	12
Staple, effect in drawing	210	141
Starch pump	415	295
Steam engines, types of	11	8
Stop motion drawing frame	219	144
Stop motion winding frame	398	271
Stripping, method of	189	119
T
Table of production of roving frame	...	175
Table of production of mule	...	233
Table of production of ring frame	...	259
Tables of power for ring frame	...	260
Taylor Lang’s opening machine	46	24
Teeth, carding, setting of	156	92
Teeth, carding, licker in	157	93
Teeth, carding, principles of setting	158	93
Teeth, carding, side grinding	160	94
Testing flexible bend	119	65
Testing heel in flats	117	62
Theisen’s condenser	11	9
Theory of differential motion	244	162
Theory of mule winding	325	208
Transmission of power by belts	12	9
Transmission, loss in	13	10
Twist in yarn, rule	387	258
Twist wheel in roving frames	241	158
U
Under casings for carding machine	144	82
Under clearer for roving machine	226	148
V
Velocity of beater in opener	55	30
Velocity of beater in scutcher	69	36
Velocity of carding cylinders	107	54
Velocity of carding cylinders during grinding	170	105
Velocity of doffer	108	54
Velocity of doffer comb	108	54
Velocity of main driving belts	13	10
Velocity of main driving ropes	13	10
Velocity of porcupine cylinders	49	27
Velocity of rollers of drawing frame	209	138
Velocity of rollers of ring frame	...	259
Velocity of spindles in roving machines	234	155
Velocity of spindles in mule	280	183
Velocity of spindles in ring frame	373	242
Velocity of wheels in differential	246	164
W
Waste from combing machine	206	136
Wellman carding machine	138	79
Width of lap for combing machine	194	121
Whiteley’s clip	166	101
Whiteley’s fillet winding machine	165	96
Whiteley’s side-ground teeth	162	95
Willow, The	45	24
Workpeople employed in machine making	3	5
Wrap reel	415	294
Y
Yarn, counts of	387	257
Yarn testers	416	292

---

John Heywood, Excelsior Printing and Bookbinding Works, Hulme Hall Road, Manchester.