Index — [Figures in Italics Indicate Pages Upon Which Illustrations Occur.]
Andirons and bar, 159.
Angle blow, see beveling blow.
Annealing, 86, 87.
Anvil, 5, 6, 7.
Areas, formulas of, 197.
Art smithing, 146.
Backing-up blow, 35, 36.
“Backing-up” metal, 43.
Banding with clips, 147.
Basic iron, 174.
Bellows, 1.
Bench and measuring tools, 22-28.
Bench vise, 22, 23.
Bending, 40, 41; stock calculation for, 118-121.
Bending or twisting fork, 149; wrench, 150, 151.
Bessemer iron, 173; process, 187-193.
Bevel, 25, 26.
Beveling blow, 32, 33, 34.
Bevel or taper tool, 135.
Blackband, 164.
Blast, 168-170.
Blast furnace, see reduction furnace.
Blister steel, 184.
Block, swage, 19, 20.
Bloomery, 177.
Blooming mill, 191.
Blue billy, 180.
Blue chip, 186.
Bolsters, 136.
Bolt, hexagonal head, 66, 67.
Boring tools, 103, 104.
Box tongs, see tool tongs.
Brass tool, 101, 102.
Brown hematite, see limonite.
Bulldog, 180.
Burned steel, 189.
Butterfly scarf, 115, 116, 117.
Button head set, 19.
Butt weld, 52, 53.
Calcination, see roasting.
Calipers, 25, 26, 118, 119.
Cape chisel, 24.
Carbon, percentage of, in tool steel, 83-85.
Casehardening, 92, 93.
Cast steel, 185.
Cementation steel, see blister steel.
Center punch, 24, 25.
Chain grabhook, 80, 81, 82.
Chain making, 73, 74.
Chain swivel, 76-80.
Charcoal, 5, 167.
Charcoal iron, 174.
Checking tool or side fuller, 130, 131.
Chisel, trimming, 127, 128.
Chisels, 23, 24, 108, 109.
Chisel tongs 10, 11.
Circular cutter, 127.
Circumferences and circular areas of numbers from 1 to 100: 205, 206.
Classification of pig iron, 173.
Clay ironstone, 164.
Cleft weld, 52, 53.
Clincher, see clip tightener.
Clip, 148.
Clip former, 151, 152; holder, 152, 153; tightener or clincher, 153, 154.
Coal box, 1.
Coke, 5, 167.
Cold chisel, 23, 24, 89, 108, 109.
Cold cutters, 12, 13, 110, 111, 128-130.
Collars, see bolsters.
Colored oxides, 88, 89.
Combination fuller and set, 132, 133.
Combined spring fullers, 131, 132; top and bottom swages, 133, 134.
Connecting lever, 142, 143; rod, 138, 139.
Converter, 187, 188.
Crank shaft, 137, 138.
Crowbar, steel-faced, 113, 114.
Crucible, 184.
Crucible process, 184-187.
Crucible steel, alloys of, 186.
Crushing, 166.
Cutter, see hack.
circular, 127;
cold, 12, 13, 128-130; hardening, 14; hot, 12, 13, 14, 109, 110.
Cutting-off or parting tool, 102, 103.
Cutting stock, 128, 129, 130.
Decimals of an inch for each 1⁄64th, 198.
Designing, 146.
Diamond point tool, 104-106.
Dies, 43, 123, 124.
Dimensions of nuts and bolts, 197.
Dipper, 4.
Dividers, 25, 26.
Dolomite as a flux, 168.
Door hasp, 64-66.
Double and single offsets, 143-145.
Double-faced sledge, 9.
Drawing, 37-40.
Draw spike, 59.
Drop hammer, 123, 124.
Eccentric jaw, 140, 141.
Edge-to-edge blow, 31, 32.
Eye or ring bolts, 114, 115, 116-118.
Fagot welding, 69.
Ferromanganese, 189.
Ferrous carbonate, 164.
Fettlings, 180.
Files, 27, 28.
Finery process, see open-hearth process.
“Finished,” definition of, 137.
Fire cracks, 85.
Fire set, 159, 160; separated, 160.
Fire tools, 4.
Flat-jawed tongs, 10.
Flat right-angled weld, 70, 71, 72.
Flatter, 14, 15, 112, 113.
Fluxes, 167, 168.
Forge, XII, 1-3.
Forging, definition of, 36-37.
Forging, operations used in, 36-47.
Forgings, 123.
Forging tools, 12-28, 107-118.
Forming, 43, 44.
Formulas and tables, 197-206.
Foundry iron, 174.
Franklinite, 162.
Fuels, 4, 5, 48, 49, 167.
Fullers, combined spring, 131, 132; top and bottom, 18, 19.
Gate hook, 62, 63, 64.
Grabhook, 80, 81, 82.
Grading iron, 174, 176.
Hack or cutter, 126, 127.
Hack saw, 27.
Hammer blows, 30-36.
Hammers, 7, 8; ball peen, 8; cross peen, 8; drop, 123, 124; hand, 8; round and square-edged set, 15, 16, 111; steam, 124, 125, 126; straight peen, 8.
Handle punches, 16, 17.
Hand lever, 141, 142.
Hardening tool steel, 87-92; wrought iron and soft steel, 92, 93.
Hardy, 12, 13, 111, 112.
Hasp, door, 64-66.
Heading tool, 19.
Heating, 48-50.
Heating air for blast furnace, 168-170; tool steel, 85, 86.
Heavy boring tool, 103; flat tongs, 96, 97, 98.
Hollow bit tongs, 10, 11.
Hot cutter, 12-14, 109, 110.
Ingots, 185, 186.
Ingot stripper, 189.
Injuries to steel, 85.
Iron, cold-short, 168; colors and temperatures for, 94; distribution of, 162; native, 161; red-short, 168; welding, 47; wrought, 178.
Iron ore, 161-162; ferrous carbonate a form of, 164; limonite a form of, 163, 164; magnetite a form of, 162, 163; nickel in, 161; red hematite a form of, 163.
Iron oxide in flux, 177.
Jardinière stand or taboret, 154-157.
Jarring, see upsetting by jarring.
Jump weld, 53, 54.
Kiln, 167.
Lap weld, 50-52.
Lathe tools, 101-107.
Lengths, formulas of, 197.
Leverage blow, 34, 35.
Light boring tool, 103, 104; chain tongs, 98-101.
Limonite, 163, 164.
Link tongs, 10, 11.
Machine forgings, 137-145.
Magnetite, 162, 163.
Malleable iron, 174.
Manual training forge, 2, 3.
Material for welding, 47, 48.
Meteorites, 161.
Mild steel, 183.
Mill iron, 174.
Mushet, 186.
Nasmyth, James, 124.
Native iron, 161.
Offsets, 143-145.
Open eye, 114, 115.
Open-hearth furnace, 192, 193, 194, 195.
Open-hearth process, 177, 178, 193-196.
Ore, definition of, 161.
Ores, preparation of, 165; value of, 164, 165.
Overhanging blow, 32.
Oxides, colored, 88, 89.
Oxidizing fire, 49.
Parting tool, see cutting-off tool.
Phosphorus in iron, 168.
Pick-up tongs, 10, 11.
Pig boiling, 178.
Pig iron, classification of, 173.
Pig molding machine, 171-173.
Pigs, cast-iron, 171.
Pipe hook, 60, 61, 62.
Plug punch, use of, 136.
Preparation of ores, 165.
Presses, 124.
Puddling process, 178, 179-183.
Punches, 16, 17, 24, 25, 136, 137.
Pure iron, 162.
Questions for review, 28, 29, 57, 82, 95, 121, 122, 145, 160, 176, 196.
Ramming, see upsetting by ramming.
Reading lamp, 158, 159.
Red hematite, 163.
Reducing fire, 49, 50.
Reduction furnace, 170-173.
Refining pig iron, 177.
Refining process, four stages of, 180, 181.
Refining steel, 88.
Reverberatory furnace, description of, 179, 193, 194.
Right side tool, 106, 107.
Ring bolts, see eye bolts.
Riveting, 147, 148.
Roasting ore, 166, 167.
Rod strap, 139, 140.
Rolling machines, 183.
Rolling tool steel, 182.
Round-edged set hammer, 15, 16, 112, 113.
Round weld, 69, 70.
Rule, 24, 25.
Saddle, see yoke.
Scarfing, 50.
Scriber or scratch awl, 25, 26.
Scroll bending, 150; fastenings, 147, 148; former, 148, 149.
Shearing blow, 36, 37.
Shingling, 182.
Ship-smith eye, 117, 118.
S hook, 59, 60.
Side fuller, see checking tool.
Side tongs, 10, 11; tool, 106, 107.
Slag, 168.
Sledges, 9.
Snap, see button head set.
Solid forged, eye, 117, 118; ring, 143.
Spathic ore, 164, 165.
Spiegeleisen, 163, 164, 189, 190.
Spring fullers, 131.
Spring swages, see combined top and bottom swages.
Square, 25, 26.
Square-cornered angle, 67-69.
Square-edged set hammer, 15, 16, 111.
Standard dimensions of nuts and bolts, 197.
Staple, 58.
Steam hammer, 124, 125.
Steam hammer tools, 126-137.
Steam hammer work, exercises in, 137-145.
Steel, 183-196.
Steel, kind of, suitable for tools, 83.
Steel, tool, 83-95; annealing of, 86, 87; colors on surface of, 88, 89; injuries to, 85, 86:
hardening and tempering of, 87-92; oil-tempered, 90; percentage of carbon in, 83-85; proper and improper heating of, 85, 86; proper and improper treatment of, 91, 92; temperature and color charts for, 94; two methods of hardening and tempering, 89, 90; water annealing of, 87; welding of, 48.
Steel, uses of different grades of, 84, 85.
Stock calculation for bonding, 118-121.
Straightening, 44, 45.
Sulphur in iron and steel, 168.
Surface plate, 20, 21.
Swage block, 19, 20.
Swages, combined top and bottom, 133, 134; top and bottom, 17, 18, 134.
Swing sledge, see double-faced sledge.
Swivels, 76-80.
Tapered mandrels, 21, 22.
Taper tool, see bevel tool.
Tempering, temperature and color chart for, 94.
Tempering heat as determined by colors, 88-91; by scientific apparatus, 91, 92.
Tempering tool steel, 87-92.
Threading tool, see light boring tool.
Tilting hammer, 186.
Tongs, 9, 10, 11, 12, 96-101; chisel, 10, 11; flat-jawed, 10; heavy flat, 96, 97, 98; hollow bit, 10, 11; light chain, 98, 99, 100, 101; link, 10, 11; pick-up, 10, 11:
side, 10, 11; tool, 10,11.
Tool, checking, 130, 131; for welding a swivel, 76; heading, 19.
Tools, bench and measuring, 22-28; fire, 4; forging, 12-28, 107-118; lathe, 101-107.
Tool tongs, 10, 11.
Top and bottom, fullers, 18, 19; swages, 133, 134.
Trimming chisel, 127, 128.
Tuyère, 3, 187, 188.
T weld, 72, 73.
Twisting, 45, 46.
Twisting wrench, see bending wrench.
Umbrella stand, 157, 158, 159.
Upright blow, 30, 31.
Upsetting, 41-43;
by “backing-up,” 43; by hammering, 42, 43; by jarring, 43; by ramming, 43.
Value of ores, 164-165.
V block, 135.
Vise, bench, 22, 23.
V weld, 54-56.
Washing ore, 165.
Water swaging, 18.
Weathering ore, 165.
Weights and areas of square and round bars, 202-204.
Weights, formulas of, 197.
Weights of flat rolled steel per linear foot, 199-201.
Welded ring, 74, 75, 76.
Welding, 46, 47, 147; fagot, 69; heat, 51, 52; material for, 47, 48.
Welds, 50-56, 69-73; butt, 52, 53; cleft, 52, 53; flat right-angled, 70, 71, 72; jump, 53, 54; lap, 50-52; round, 69, 70;
T, 72, 73;
V, 54-56.
Yoke or saddle, 135, 136.