Wiles of Fortune Telling
Fortune Tellers Have Existed Since Records of Events Began to Be Kept
Some of Their Methods—Charlatans Have a Great Hold on the Poorer Classes of Big Cities, Much Alike—Schools of Crime Run Full Blast—Silly and Ignorant People Undone by Vicious and Wide-Open Fraud.
War against the swindlers, impostors and blackmailers who operate in Chicago under the guise of clairvoyants, trance mediums, astro-psychics, palmists, magicians and fortune tellers, of whom there are about 1,500 in Chicago, should be driven out of the city and never allowed to return.
There exist in Chicago a horde of these brazen frauds, who ply their trade in the most open and unblushing manner. Few of them are other than organized schools for the propagation of crime, injustice and indecencies that would make an unjailed denizen of the red light district blush to even mention. We particularly refer to the army of fortune tellers, clairvoyants, Hindoo fakers, mediums, palmists, hypnotists and other skillful artists, whose sole occupation is to rob and mislead the superstitious, foolish and ignorant. The business is a paying industry, realizing, it is said, an enormous sum of money every month in Chicago, all of which is obtained by false pretenses.
Here is a very large field for police investigation. The practices of these people are of the most demoralizing tendency. Can there be anything worse than holding out love potions to married women to compel other women’s husbands to love them? Those dens of iniquity offer their services and even actually aid in the procuring of abortions, and in showing how and where a good haul can be made by robbery or burglary. They bring together the depraved of both sexes. Many of them are purveyors to our brothels and stews.
They flaunt their profession, their “spiritual mysteries,” brazenly in public in our busy thoroughfares, even invading some of our hotels. They are the hotbeds of vice and crime, from the robbing of orphans to the deflowering of innocent girls. They fall into “trances” and call up spirits from the vaults of heaven, or elsewhere, to testify to their truth, and in the turn-up of an ace of spades they see a “dark lady” or a “dark gentleman” who is pining for you, and furnish the address of either.
Panderers to Depravity
Why these panderers to depravity in all its most hideous forms are permitted to continue their depredations among every rank of society without attracting the attention of “reformers” or the grand jury is something beyond the ken of human knowledge. And as a block is a small cityful in some parts of the town, the reading of palms, the casting of horoscopes and the looking into seeds of time through the backs of a greasy pack of thumb-marked, tear-stained cards is a profitable calling. Perhaps it should be explained that the tears are not shed by the prophets of the tenements, but by the patrons who go to the oracle to learn if they are to be dispossessed next month or if their ambitious children will sometime learn a little Yiddish, so that they may talk with their own parents in their own homes, are sources of information for the settlement workers and others who try to learn the hopes and fears and ambitions, the real life of such places. But the fortune tellers are the real custodians of the Ghetto’s secrets. In their little back rooms, some of which are cluttered with the trash that suggests the occult to the believer, some as bare as the room of a lodger who has pawned the last stick of furniture, they hear confessions that court interpreters never have a chance to translate, and listen to tales of hard luck that are never told to the rabbis.
Prognostications Are Vague
But they don’t use the mails to drum up trade, and they have no barkers at the doorsteps to cajole the credulous to step inside to learn what the future has in store for them. And so, in a legal sense, they are guilty of no fraud. They are not very serious frauds in any sense, for their tricks are harmless and their prognostications are vague as the weather predictions of an almanac and as probable as the sayings of the cart-tail orators who hold forth at the street corners in campaign time.
“About this time, look for cold winds, with some snow,” sagely remarks the almanac writer, stringing the ten words of his prediction down the entire column of the month.
“In a few years,” says the fortune teller, solemnly, “you will have good friends and more money than you have now.”
“If you vote for this man,” shrieks the cart-tail orator, “rents will be lower and the street cleaner and you will get jobs. The other ticket stands for graft and greed. Vote for it if you want your children to run in the streets, because there is no room for them in the schools.”
Predicts Like a Spellbinder
Like the spellbinder, the oracle frequently builds on the look-on-this-picture-and-then-on-that plan.
“This is a strong line,” mumbles the palmist. “You will meet a man with blue eyes who will help you, but beware of a man with dark hair.”
Sometimes the helper has light hair and the man to be avoided black eyes. But invariably the good friend of the future is blond and the devil is brunette. No seer would any more think of changing that color scheme than the writer of a melodrama would dare stage a villain who didn’t have hair and mustache as black as night. That prediction is one of the traditions of the art, and no future has ever been complete without the dark and the light men or the dark and the light woman, as the case might be.
One of the most famous of fortune tellers, a woman, died suddenly. She had been reading cards in the same house for forty years, and on the day of her funeral her house was crowded with mourners, whose future she had foreseen with so much shrewdness that not one of the 200 or more men and women who filed by the coffin, to view the body had any fault to find with the services she had rendered. On the contrary, they compared notes, each trying to pay the best tribute to the dead by telling the most wonderful story of her predictions.
Warned of the Enemy
“I was sitting right in this room at that table where the flowers are today,” said one mourner, “and she said to me: ‘You have an enemy. It is here on this card where you can see it plainly. But here is a friend, a tall, light man, who will come between you and your enemy. Put your trust in the tall, light man, but keep away from a dark man. There is a dark-haired woman who pretends to be your friend, but lies about you.’”
Compare that prediction of the oracle with this forecast of Daniel Defoe’s famous deaf and dumb predictor, Duncan Campbell.
“To Mme. S——h W——d; I see but one misfortune after the year of 1725. A black man, pretty tall and fat, seems to wish you no good. Never tell your secrets to any such persons, and their malice cannot hurt you.”
And that warning wasn’t original when Mme. S——h W——d called at Duncan Campbell’s lodging in London to learn what was what. No doubt it could be traced beyond Delphi. That’s almost as safe a guess as to assume that Mme. S——h W——d was a Sarah Wood. She might have been a Wedd or a Weld, but that is doubtful.
Predictions Change Little
So, although the seer of Randolph street and all the rest probably never heard of Duncan Campbell or Nostradamus, or of their predecessors at Delphi, they have kept the profession of forecasting remarkably free of innovations.
“This art of prediction,” reads Defoe’s Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell, “is not attainable any otherwise than by these three ways. 1. It is done by the company of familiar spirits and genii, which are of two sorts (some good and some bad), who tell the gifted person the things, of which he informs other people. 2. It is performed by the second sight, which is very various and differs in most of the possessors, it being only a very little in some, very extensive and constant in others; beginning with some in their infancy and leaving them before they come to years, happening to others in a middle age, to others again in an old age that never had it before, and lasting only for a term of years, and now and then for a very short period of time; and in some intermitting, like fits, as it were, of vision that leave them for a time, and then return to be strong in them as ever; and it being in a manner hereditary in some families, whose children have it from their infancy (without intermission) to a great old age, and even to the time of their death, which they even foretell before it comes to pass, to a day—nay, even to an hour. 3. It is attained by the diligent study of the lawful part of the art of magic.”
Make Enough to Retire
Nowadays the prophets see to it that their miraculous power does not depart from them for any cause whatsoever until their own palms have been crossed with enough silver to enable them to retire in comfort. A certain Fatima who told fortunes on Madison street for years removed her card from the front window and disappeared altogether. She had bought a farm up the state, where she is now living and raising fancy breeds of poultry. There is no mortgage on the farm, and the hens have grain three times a day.
Just which one of Duncan Campbell’s three methods a certain practitioner uses is not apparent, but he was one of the most noted and successful fortune tellers, and his men patrons set more store by what he said than in the promises of the district leaders.
Answers Questions for a Dollar
He has reduced his business to a fine system, and all the questions that anybody could possibly think of are set down in a book with numbers opposite them. And these books, printed in Yiddish, English and German, anticipate all the hopes and fears of the tenements. The questions, all of a strong local flavor, are all answered by the fortune teller off-hand for $1, notwithstanding the fact that they present some of the toughest problems that the philanthropists who support the Educational Alliance and the settlement houses have been trying for years to solve. To illustrate, take this group of questions under the general classifications “Home and Children”:
“Can I learn English?”
“Can I make my son or daughter learn Yiddish?”
“Shall my children play with Christians?”
The book printed in Yiddish shows the most wear. It is divided under these heads: “Travel and Letters,” “Love and Marriage,” “Home and Children,” “Business,” “Work,” “Luck and Losses.”
Some of the questions make interesting reading and supplementary to the reports and papers of the various Hebrew charity organizations. One of the more recent of these reports gave statistics of desertions of wives, and “other women” was put down as the cause in a large number of cases.
Married Two Wives; What Will Happen?
The first question in the fortune tellers book under “Travel and Letters” is, “Where did my husband elope to?” The identity of the other woman in the case seems to be secondary in importance to the whereabouts of the deserter.
Under “Love and Marriage” are these questions, among many others:
“Is my bride’s dowry as big as she says it is?”
“I have married two wives; what will happen?”
“Shall I be married in court?”
Those who are in doubt about work have many questions to select from, the list starting off like this:
“Shall I be a letter carrier?”
“Shall I be a conductor?”
“Shall I be a street cleaner?”
“Shall I be an actor?”
“Shall I be a lady-figure?”
A lady-figure is undoubtedly a cloak model.
Under “Business” some of the questions are:
“Shall I remain a peddler or keep a store?”
“Shall I sue my partner?”
“Will my partner sue me?”
“Shall I take my wife into the store as a partner?”
“Shall I take my husband into the store as a partner?”
“Shall I buy the goods?”
“Will the bank fail?”
Under “Luck and Losses” are:
“Was I robbed by friends or strangers?”
“Does anybody look in my pockets nights?”
“Will the landlord put me out?”
Roomful of Patrons
The deviser of these books keeps his office in a rear tenement open from early morning till late at night, and there is generally a roomful of anxious patrons awaiting their turns.
At a single sitting, price $1, the man or woman who wants to know may select three questions. She puts the number corresponding to the questions on a slip of paper. The numbers do not run in regular order through the book or through any section of it.
The slip of paper is kept concealed by the questioner, and later on, when she is in the actual presence of the oracle, she writes those numbers again on another slip of paper, hidden from the fortune teller by a book cover. She also writes her name on two pieces of paper, which she places in two Bibles, opened at random by the fortune teller after she has named any three words she happens to see on the page.
Gets Pointers From Customer
Then the books are closed, the soothsayer tells his customer what her name is (he is not often absolutely accurate in that part of the game), and then he begins to talk about the past and future in such a rambling, comprehensive way that he is almost sure to hit upon, directly or indirectly, the questions she has in mind. If he is too far off the trail he asks the woman from time to time if she understands him, and from her replies and questions gets a further clew as to just which three questions she had selected from the lists. Then the rest is simple.