Washington the Soldier

Chronological and Biographical Index

Note.—The contemporaries of Washington named in this index are in general only persons so associated with or opposed to the cause he stood for as to influence his military action.

Events are treated and indexed in chronological order, so that the index becomes thereby a miniature biography of the characters taking part in the events narrated. It may often prove interesting to note the age of a prominent actor in these events at the time, by calculating it from the year of his birth when given below.

Abbreviations.—For various nationalities: Am. (American); Br. (British); Fr. (French); H. (Hessian). In the biographical notices, b. for birth and d. for death are used; and occasionally, k. for killed, w. for wounded, and like familiar abbreviations may be found. The subsequent career of many is indicated thus—Cornwallis, sub. gov.-gen. India.

Acts of Parliament to be resisted, 17

Adams, John—statesman; sub. pres, twice; b. 1735, d. 1826.
in first Continental Congress, 16
on special naval committee, 60
commissioner in the interests of peace, 116
his influence abroad, 309

Adams, Samuel—orator; b. 1722, d. 1803.
exempted from the proffered pardon, 32
his opinion of a regular army, 299

Agnew, James— Br. maj.-general;
k. at Germantown, 196

Alamance, N.C., battle of, May 16, 1771, 84

Albany Convention of July 4, 1754, 12

Allen, Ethan—col.; b. 1637, d. 1789.
captures Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, 30
tries to capture Montreal, without orders, 62
captured and sent to England, 62
insubordination commented upon by Washington, 62

Alliance frigate, twice takes Lafayette to France, 253, 362

American army,
wholly composed of militia, 21
call for 30,000 under arms, 22
officially recognized, 32
its strange experience, March 2, 1776, 75
occupies Boston, March 17, 1776, 80
begins its first campaign, 83
April muster, 1776, 87
August muster, 1776, 101
September muster, 114
85 regiments authorized, 116
its condition, Sept. 10, 1776, 119
October muster, 122
its lack of discipline, 123
Lee’s grand division, 135
special muster ordered by Washington, Nov. 23, 1776, 136
its condition, Dec. 30, 1776, 147
parades in Philadelphia, 183
August muster, 1777, 184
condition at Valley Forge, Dec., 1777, 205–6
at Newport, 1778, 242
assignments of divisions, 1778, 247
fixed at 80 battalions, 252
at Philadelphia, weakened in discipline, 252
its condition, Dec., 1779, 269
its condition, Nov. 7, 1780, 296
reorganization proposed, 298
new basis, of 36,000 men, 299
divisions again assigned, 300
its condition, 1781, 306
mutinous elements noticed, 307
at the South, 315–317
at Peekskill, 1781, 333
before Yorktown, 1781, 356
by States (Appendix A), 377

American Civil War referred to, for comparison (Preface), vii
policy defined, 91
commissioners appointed in the interests of peace, 115
cow-boys near New York, 255
speculators feed the British, 306

Americo-Spanish War of 1898 illustrating the principle of “Strategy and Statesmanship in War” (Preface), x, xii

André, John—Br. major, sub. asst. adjt.-gen.; b. 1751, d. 1780.
taken prisoner, at St. John’s, 62
arranges fête in honor of Howe, 215
at capture of Charleston, 275
his antecedents noticed, 289
former relations to Miss Shippen, 289
executed as a spy, 290
his fate regretted, 290
exchange for Arnold morally impracticable, 291

Angel,—col. at Fort Mercer, R.I., 201
at Battle of Springfield, 283–4

Arbuthnot, Mariot—Br. admiral; b. 1711, d. 1794.
arrives at New York, 261
relieves Sir George Collier, 261
fights a French fleet, 326

Armies of modern times, 370–1
of the Revolution as given by the British authority, Stedman (Appendix D), 386

Arms from France, 164

Armstrong, John—brig.-gen.; b. 1758, d. 1843.
at Brandywine, 186
on the Schuylkill, 192

Arnold, Benedict—sub. maj.-gen.; b. 1740, d. 1801.
takes a company to Boston, 30
hastens to Lake Champlain, 30
anticipated by Allen, 30
organizes a naval force, 30
loved by Washington, 45
returns in angry mood, 51
proposes conquest of Canada, 51
his expedition for Quebec, 55
his disastrous march, 64
wounded in a bold assault, 66
his captains refuse longer service, 66
the siege of Quebec fails, 66
at Providence, 163
unjustly treated by Congress, 165
gallantry at Ridgefield, 166
in command at Philadelphia, 167
gallantry in Burgoyne campaign, 176
finally promoted, 176
court-martialed, 274
is married to Miss Shippen, 289
suffers from old wound, 222, 288
in command at West Point, 288
corresponds with Clinton, 288
invites André to visit him, 290
dictates price of his treason, 290
antecedents in Philadelphia, 289
his treason anticipated by Lord Germaine, 289
his exchange for André impossible without dishonor, 291
leaves N.Y. with troops, 310
overtaken by a storm, 310
his discretion doubted by Clinton, 310
plunders Richmond, Va., 311
cannot intimidate Jefferson, 311
returns to fortify Portsmouth, 311
writes to Lafayette, 331
treated with silent contempt, 331
tries threats to no purpose, 331
relations with Gen. Phillips, 331
ordered back to New York, 331
lays waste New London, 351
his recall explained, 351

Arnold, Mrs. (formerly Miss Shippen)—ignorant of Arnold’s treason, 289
honored by Washington, 291
sympathy of Lafayette, 291

Articles of Confederation finally adopted, 309

“Art of War” (Preface), x–xii

Ashe, John—brig.-gen.; b. 1721, d. 1781; declares while speaker of the North Carolina Assembly, concerning the Stamp Act, “We will resist its execution to the death,” 13

Atlee, Samuel J.—col.; b. 1738, d. 1786.
joins the army at Brooklyn, 105
commands Pennsylvania Rifles, 105
makes a gallant fight, 107
prisoner with Stirling, 107

Augusta 74, Br.; blown up in the Delaware, 202

Aux Trembles reached by Benedict Arnold, 65
reached by Montgomery, 65
reached by Carleton, 66

Baltimore pays honor to Rochambeau and Washington, 351

Bancroft, George—diplomat and historian; b. 1800, d. 1891.
as to the invasion of Canada, 54
his estimate of Washington, 250

Barras, Paul François Jean, Count DE—Fr. admiral; b. 1755, d. 1829.
sails from Newport, 354
enters the Chesapeake, 355
signs capitulation of Yorktown, 360
also signs for Count de Grasse, 360

Bennington unwisely attacked by Burgoyne; anticipated by Washington, 176

Berlin conference noticed, 370

Biddle, Nicholas—appointed naval captain, 60

Billingsport raided by Cornwallis, 203

Bird—Br. lieut.-col.; k. at Germantown, 196

Blackstone—chief of the Senecas; friend of Washington, 260

Bordentown occupied by Donop (H.), 139
occupied by Cadwallader, 156
visited by British troops, 213

Boston, massacre of March 5, 1770, 15
Tea Party entertainment, Dec. 16, 1773, 15
Port Bill, 1774, 15
surrounded by 20,000 minute men, 30
deliverance from British control a fixed purpose, 30
not a proper British base, 33
bombarded three nights, 74, 77
evacuated, 80
visited by D’Estaing, 243
visited by Greene, 246
visited by Lafayette, 244
visited by Rochambeau, 361

Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo—Ital. historian; b. 1768, d. 1837.
as to Battle of Long Island, 113
as to Battle of Trenton, 149
reviews New Jersey campaign, 159

Boville, De—Fr. maj.-gen.; reconnoitres with Washington, 336

Bowdoin, James—pres. Mass. Council; b. 1727, d. 1790;
addressed by Charles Lee, 139

Braddock’s operations noticed, 7

Bradley, Joseph P.—Justice U.S. Supreme Court; b. 1813, d. 1892;
corrects a tradition as to Lafayette’s alleged reminiscence of Washington’s profanity, 235

Brandywine, Battle of, 185

British army, at various dates (Appendix D), 383
troops quartered by British Parliament in Boston, 1768, 14
estimates for troops, by British ministry, 96
foreign auxiliaries opposed by British statesmen, 96
four military operations proposed, 97
its movements after Battle of Long Island, 116
advances to Horn’s hook (see map), 120
lands at Throgg’s Neck (see map), 125
advances beyond New Rochelle, 126
awaiting reënforcements, 127
in New Jersey, 139
invades the Illinois country, 253
opposed by Gov. Jefferson, 253
fed by Am. speculators, 296

British military policy defined, 95

British Parliament urges king to arrest Americans, 1769, 14
rejects “Conciliatory Bill,” 1775, 18
restricts New England trade, 18
favors certain colonies, 18

Brookline, Mass., furnished fascine rods, 78

Brooklyn, N.Y., occupied by Lee, 85
fortified by Greene, 102
evacuated by Washington, 112

Bull Run, 1861, illustrates Brandywine (Preface), x

Bunker Hill or Breed’s Hill, significance of the battle, 34

Burgoyne, Sir John—lieut-gen.; b. 1730, d. 1792.
arrives at Boston, 33
describes rebels as peasants, 34
calls battle on Breed’s Hill “a great catastrophe,” 40
reaches Canada from Ireland, 89, 171
issues an unwise proclamation, 172
responded to by Washington, 172
has no sympathy with “hire of Indians”, 172
sharp letter from Gates, 173
his noble response, 173
captures Ticonderoga, 175
his diversion to Bennington an error, 175–6
surrenders his army, 176
organization of his army (Appendix E), 387

Burke, Edmund—Br. statesman; b. 1730, d. 1797.

Burr, Aaron—col.; sub. vice-pres.; b. 1750, d. 1830.
accompanies Arnold to Quebec, 55

Butler, Thomas—col.; at storming of Stony Point, 257

Byron, John—Br. admiral; b. 1723, d. 1786.
relieves admiral, Lord Howe, 239
fleet scattered by a storm, 239
arrives off Boston, 245

Cadwallader, John—brig.-gen.; b. 1743, d. 1786.
guarding the Delaware, 141
fails to cross river, 142
crosses Delaware at Bristol, 146
arrives at Trenton, 151
at Princeton, 156
at Bordentown, 156

Cæsar, Julius—Roman general; b. 100 B.C., d. 44 B.C.
his campaigns cited in comparison (Preface), viii
his methods imitated by Washington, 313

Caldwell, James—his church burned by the British, 271
his wife shot by the British, 279
furnishes hymn books for gun-wadding at Springfield, 284

Campbell, William—Am. col.; b. 1745, d. 1781;
at Battle of King’s Mountain, 293

Canada lost to France, 1763, 10
as a British base, 30
invasion urged by Congress, 50
Arnold its active spirit, 51
Congress again moves, 52–3
difference in religious faith, 52
two expeditions planned, 55
did not support Burgoyne, 55
failure of the expeditions, 66
visited by commissioners, 88
visited by small-pox, 88
costs five thousand American lives in sixty days, 88
British reënforcements come, 89
abandoned by the American army, 89
the excuse of Congress, 89

Canadian Acts of Parliament, 50
expeditions of Schuyler and Montgomery, 52, 55
expedition again suggested, but opposed by Washington, 252

Carleton, Sir Guy—gov., of Canada, sub. gov. New York; b. 1724, d. 1808.
Arnold’s report of his small force in Canada, 51
flees from Montreal in disguise to Quebec, 64
pays military honors to his old comrade, Montgomery, 66
his magnanimous parole of American prisoners of war, 66
being largely reënforced in June, 1776, takes the offensive, 89
succeeds Clinton in N.Y., 362
coöperates with Washington, 363
surrenders New York, 363

Carrington, Edward—col., sub. quartermaster-gen. (South); b. 1749, d. 1810.
indorsed by Chief Justice Marshall, 301
explores the Southern rivers, 302
commissioner to exchange prisoners, 318

Carroll, Charles—last survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; b. 1737, d. 1832;
commissioner to Canada, 88

Carroll, Rev. John—sub. Archbishop of Maryland; visits Canada and reports a terrible condition of affairs, 88

Catharine II. of Russia—b. 1729, d. 1796;
is hostile to British commerce, but favors American interests, 296

Charleston, S.C., captured by Clinton, 275

Charlestown Heights, neglected by British, 34
occupied by Americans, 34
occupied by British, 35
abandoned, 61

Charlottesville, Va., a Hessian prison-camp, visited by Tarleton, 340

Chase, Samuel—Md.; b. 1741, d. 1811;
appointed commissioner to Canada, 88

Chastellux, François Jean, Marquis DE—maj.-general; b. 1734, d. 1789.
accompanies Rochambeau to America, 286
a relative of Lafayette, 286
marches from Newport to Ridgebury, Conn., 333
in conference at Wethersfield, 333
commands a division, 337

Chatham, Lord (William Pitt)—orator and statesman; b. 1756, d. 1835.
Pittsburgh named in his honor, 10
describes the First Continental Congress, 17
his conciliatory bill defeated, 18
as to making slaves of American Englishmen, 20
as to Battle of Guilford, 320

Chatterton Hill, battle near White Plains, 129

Chemung, Battle of, noticed, 260

Chesapeake Bay memorable in naval warfare, 354

“Chimney-corner patriots” disgust Washington, 328

China stimulated by American example, 370

Civil liberty requires right execution of military power, 304

Clinton, James—brig.-general; b. 1736, d. 1812.
gallantry at Fort Clinton, 179
in Indian expedition, 260

Clinton, George—gov., brig.-gen.; sub. vice-pres.; b. 1736, d. 1812.
commands in the Highlands, 166
his services noted, 178, 190

Clinton, Sir Henry—lieut.-gen.; b. 1758, d. 1795.
arrives in America, 33
urges attack upon Cambridge, 35
overruled by Howe, 35
expects an independent command, 70
anticipated by Washington, 70
visits Tryon in New York, 85
ordered to destroy Southern cities, 85
in attack upon Fort Sullivan, S.C., 85
returns to New York, 89
in battle of Long Island, 107
expects large success, 110
at Newport, R.I., 150
in expedition up the Hudson, 178
outgenerals Putnam, 178
captures Forts Clinton and Montgomery, 179
did not intend to join Burgoyne, 180
returns to New York, 182
relieves Howe in command, 215
gives a fête to Howe, 215
attempts capture of Lafayette, 216
fails to capture Lafayette, 217
his policy outlined, 221
evacuates Philadelphia, 222
moves toward Monmouth, 223–4
followed by Lafayette, 225
prepares for battle, 229
abandons position at night, 234
regains New York, 234
escapes the French fleet, 238
tries to reënforce Newport, 245
reports to Lord Germaine, 249
inactive at New York, 252
captures Stony Point, 253
reoccupies Stony Point, when Washington abandoned it, 259
declines to attack West Point, 261
abandons Newport and New England, 262
sails for Charleston, 268
reports his force, 270
reports as to Provincials, 272
expedition suffers from storm, 274
captures Charleston, 275
issues absurd proclamation, 275
reënforced by Rawdon, 276
returns to New York, 282
plans a new expedition, 283
invades New Jersey, 283
Battle of Springfield, 283–4
burns Springfield, 285
“needs rest for his army”, 285
plans descent upon Newport, 286
writes Lord Germaine as to West Point, 288
corresponds with Arnold, 289
again writes Lord Germaine, 289
closes bargain with Arnold, 290
cannot exchange Arnold for André, 291
watches the American mutiny, 309
advises with Lord Germaine, 309
sends Arnold to Virginia, 310
doubts Arnold’s discretion, 310
sends good officers with him, 310
equally powerless with Cornwallis, 324
learns of effort to capture Arnold, 325
sends Phillips to support Arnold, 326
orders Arnold to New York, 331
disturbed by Arnold’s correspondence with London officials, 332
receives Washington’s decoy letters, 335
“in a state of siege”, 335
other decoy letters reach him, 336
orders Cornwallis to report to him, 337
calls for reënforcements, 338
intercepts other decoy letters with plans enclosed, 346
outgeneraled by Washington, 347–8
writes Cornwallis—promising help, 350
advises Cornwallis to strike Philadelphia, 352
does not understand Washington, 352
hears from Cornwallis, 358
sails for Yorktown too late, 358
contemporaneous surrender of Cornwallis, 359–60
is relieved of command in New York, 361
succeeded by Sir Guy Carleton, 361

Collier, Sir George—Br. commodore.
convoys Clinton and his troops up the Hudson, 253
his fleet visits New Haven, 256
relieved by Admiral Arbuthnot, 261

Colonial Congress at New York, 1765, 11
nine Colonies represented; others ratify action, 11
names of Colonies that were not represented, 11
the Declaration of Rights, 11
denounces Stamp Act, Oct. 7, 1755, 13

Colonial expeditions, 1755, 10
additional, 1758, 10

Colonial governments and their forms described, 16

Columbian Exposition, 1892, noticed, 372–3

Commissioners sent to Canada, 88
General and Admiral Howe meet American commissioners in New York, 98
arrange terms between Cornwallis and Washington, 359

Committee of Congress visits Boston, 60

Committee of Correspondence, 1773, and their purpose, 15

Connecticut Farms, N.J., burned by General Knyphausen, 279

Connecticut sends 2,000 men to Boston, April 26, 1775, 23
assigns Putnam, Wooster, and Spencer to command, 23
sends volunteers to New York with Lee, 71
her militia greatly reduced, 116
responds to Washington’s appeal, 116
twice invaded by Tryon, 166, 256
invaded by Arnold, 351

Continental Army organized, 32

Continental Congress adopts militia about Boston as the American Continental Army, 32
forms Light Infantry corps, 32
appoints Washington Commander-in-Chief, 32
accompanies commission with pledge of support, 32
sends committee to Washington at Cambridge, 52
disclaims purpose to operate against Canada, 54
but initiated and pressed every expedition, 54
sends a second committee to Cambridge, 60
authorizes a navy, 60
urges attack upon Boston, 61
sends committee to N.Y., 85
orders additional troops to Canada, 88
proposes to hire Indian allies, 88
appoints commissioners to Canada, 88
authorizes abandonment of New York, 117
confers large powers upon Washington, 140
imparts dictatorial powers, 148
makes promotions without consulting Washington, 165
adjourns to Lancaster and to York, 194
honors the defenders of Fort Mifflin, 202
places enemies of Washington in responsible commands, 205
sends a committee to Valley Forge, 212

Continental money worth 3 cents on the dollar, 252

Conway, Thomas—Irish adventurer; brig.-gen. at Battle of Germantown, 195
promoted major-general and inspector-general, 205
resigns his commission, 207
responsible for the “Conway cabal”, 212
departs for France, 212

Cornwallis, Charles, Lord—sub. lieut.-gen. India; b. 1738, d. 1805.
sails for America, 97
lands at Wilmington, N.C., 97
accompanies Clinton to Charleston, S.C., 97
returns to New York, 99
in Battle of Long Island, 107
enforces the surrender of Sullivan and Stirling, 108
assaults Fort Washington, 132
invades New Jersey, 136
halts at Brunswick, 137
on eve of departure for England, 150
ordered back to New Jersey, 150
advances upon Trenton, 152
threatens Washington’s position, 154
strengthens his own position, 154
outgeneraled by Washington, 156
retires to Brunswick, 156
again on the aggressive, 167
attempts to gain Washington’s defences, 169
retires to Staten Island, 169
in skirmish upon invasion of Pennsylvania, 185
moves up the Brandywine, 188
leads the advance of Howe’s army, 188
surprises Sullivan’s division, 187–9
moves to Chester, 192
enters Philadelphia, 194
lands in New Jersey, 203
compels Americans to destroy their galleys, 203
threatens Washington at Chestnut Hill, 204
skirmishes with Morgan, 204
makes incursion into New Jersey, 248
in command at the South, 275
suspends invasion of North Carolina, 293
fails to subjugate the people, 293
sore over Tarleton’s defeat at Cowpens, 315
presses closely upon Greene, 315
informs Clinton of his condition, 317
abandons Charleston, 317
expects no aid from Virginia, 318
his proclamation to rebels, 318
arranges for exchange of prisoners, 318
parols militia as prisoners, 318
seeks to control upper fords, 318
is outgeneraled by Greene, 319
in need of all supplies, 319
at Guilford Court-House, 319
cannot improve success, 320
practically a defeat, so judged by contemporaries, 320
retires to Wilmington, leaving his wounded, closely pursued by Greene, 321
his position, and that of Clinton, noticed, 324
reminiscence of earlier campaign, 325
his effective force reduced, 329
arrives at Yorktown from Wilmington, 333
sustained by British ministry, 337
Clinton wants his troops, 338
promises to expel Lafayette from Virginia, 338
in pursuit of Lafayette, 38–9
his course described by Lafayette, 339
abandons the pursuit, 339
is followed by Lafayette, 340
returns to headquarters, 341
finds old despatches from Clinton, 341
takes boats for Yorktown, 341
his movements reported to Washington, 342
is warned by Clinton of danger, 350
relations to Clinton noticed, 352–3
must destroy Lafayette’s army to hold Virginia, 353
attempts escape by Gloucester, 358
the movement abandoned, 358
graphic report to Clinton, 358
terms of surrender fixed, 359
surrender completed, 360
courtesies between officers of the three armies, 361
his interview with Lafayette, 361

Cornwallis, Frederick—acts as Br. commissioner to exchange prisoners, 318

Coudray, Monsieur DE—ordered to complete defensive works along the Delaware, 192

Court-martial of Arnold, 274

Court-martial of Lee (Appendix G), 389

Cowpens, Battle of, 312

Coxe, Daniel—urges union of Colonies, 1722, 12

Crimean War noticed, 313

Cromwell, Oliver—Lord Protector of England; b. 1599, d. 1659.
cited by Washington’s officers as a precedent for assuming permanent command, 364

Crown Point, expedition against, 1755, 10
visited by Allen and Arnold, 30
captured by Seth Warner, 51

Custis, Mrs. Martha—b. 1732, d. 1802.
her marriage to Washington, 8

Danbury, Conn., invaded (with Ridgefield) by Tryon, 166

Dartmouth, George, Lord—Br. statesman; b. 1748, d. 1791.
comments upon Lexington and Concord, 20
opposed military occupation of Boston, 33
advised Howe to attack Southern cities, 69
regarded New York as the true British base, 69

Dayton, Elias—col.; b. 1735, d. 1807.
his regiment in battle, 278–9

Deane, Silas—b. 1737, d. 1834.
on naval committee, 60
commissioner to France, 209
returns to Philadelphia, 238

Deborre, Prudhomme—brig.-gen.; disgraced at Brandywine, 189

Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776, 91

D’Estaing, Charles Hector, Count—Fr. lieut.-general; b. 1729, d. 1794.
reaches the Delaware with French fleet, 238
sails at once for New York, 239
unable to cross the bar, 240
arrives at Newport, R.I., 240
consults Sullivan as to attack, 242
not affronted by Sullivan’s landing first, 243
is confronted by British fleet, 243
both fleets dispersed, 243
returns to Newport, 243
sails for Boston to refit; notices Sullivan’s protest, 243
his manly course vindicated, 244
sails for the West Indies, 245
off the coast of Georgia, 261
his siege of Savannah, urged by Lafayette, 267
twice wounded, 268

De Fleury, Louis—Fr. lieuten’t, sub. col.
at defence of Fort Mercer, 202
planned Fort Mifflin, 202
wounded in its defence, 203

De Grasse, François Joseph Paul—Fr.; b. 1723, d. 1788.
arrives in the Chesapeake, 342
limited in period of operations, 342
urges assault upon Yorktown, 342
yields to Lafayette’s judgment, 343
is visited by Washington, 354
has naval fight with Admiral Graves (see map), 355
suggests a plan of action, 356
opposed by Lafayette, 356
sails for the West Indies, 361
his trophies at Yorktown (Appendix F), 388

De Heister—H. lieut.-gen.; lands at Gravesend, Aug. 25, 1776, 106
captures Sullivan and Stirling, and parts of their commands, 108
advances to support Howe, 126

De Kalb, John, Baron—maj.-gen.; b. 1732, d. 1780.
comes to America with Lafayette. Note to Chap. XVIII, 191
reports as to the army, 205
appointed inspector-general, 207
commands Maryland and Delaware troops, 277
Southern campaign, 291
k. in Battle of Camden, 292

Delaware troops always efficient, 277
gallantry at Camden, 292

Denmark and Sweden hostile to England, 296

Destouches, Chevalier—succeeds De Ternay, deceased, 298
supports Washington, 323
indorsed by Washington, 326

De Ternay, Chevalier—convoys Rochambeau’s army from France, 286
blockaded by British at Newport, 298
dies at Newport, 298
is succeeded by Destouches, 298

Dickenson, John—in first Continental Congress, 17

Dinwiddie, Robert—gov. of Virginia; b. 1690, d. 1770; sent Washington as commissioner to French frontier, 6

Donop—H. col.;
in the storming of Chatterton Hill, 129
abandons Bordentown, 146
k. in storming Fort Mercer, 201
is buried by the Americans, 202

Dorchester Heights occupied by the Americans, 76–80

Drayton, William H.—b. 1742, d. 1779; chief justice, South Carolina, 1776, 86

Dumas, Mathieu, Count DE—Fr. col.; sub. marshal-de-camp and historian; b. 1753, d. 1837; gallantry at Yorktown, 357
Note.—He was wounded in storming redoubt.

Dundas, Francis—Br. lieut.-col.; b. 1750, d. 1824; goes to Virginia with Arnold, 310

Dunmore, John Murray, Lord—Br. gov. Virginia; b. 1732, d. 1818.
seizes colonial powder, 28
opposed by Patrick Henry, 28
takes refuge on board the man-of-war Fowey, 28
bombards Norfolk, New Year’s day, 1776, 68
is visited by Gen. Clinton, 85

Du Portail, Lebegue—Fr. brig.-gen.; d. 1802.
captured at Charleston, 300
succeeded as engineer by Kosciusko, 300
reconnoitres with Washington, 336
visits the Count de Grasse with Washington, 353

Effingham, Lord—Br.; resigns when ordered to America, 21

Elizabethtown, N.J., visited by Knyphausen, 227

Engineering defined, with note (Preface), xi

Erskine, Sir William—Br. brig.-gen.; captured by Am. privateer at sea, 98, 99
warns Cornwallis at Trenton, 155
attempts to capture Lafayette, 216

Eutaw Springs—the last battle at the South, 321

Evacuation of Boston (Br.), 80
Brooklyn (Am.), 113
New York (Am.), 127
Philadelphia (Br.), 222
Charleston (Am.), 267
Yorktown (Br.), 361
New York (Br.), 363

Ewing, James—brig.-general; failed to cross at Trenton, 1776, on Christmas night, 162

Fairfax, Bryan, Lord—b. 1730, d. 1802; friend of Washington, 5

Fairfield, Conn., raided by Governor Tryon, 255

Febiger, Christian—colonel at Stony Point, 257

First Continental Congress, at Philadelphia, Sept. 5, 1774, 16
its officers and members noticed, 16
Washington a member, 17
honored by Lord Chatham, 17
supports Massachusetts, 17

Fleury, Louis de. See De Fleury.

Forman—brig.-gen.,
at Battle of Germantown, 195

Forrest’s battery (Am.) at Trenton, 145

Forts Clinton and Montgomery captured (see map), 179

Fort Du Quesne, became Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh), 10

Fort Mercer and its gallant defence, 201

Fort Mifflin, planned by De Fleury (Fr.), 202

France retains certain American possessions by Treaty of Paris, 1763, 11
makes a formal alliance with America, 213
sends an ambassador to America, 238
sends a fleet to America, 238
sends a second fleet to America, 261
sends an army to America, 286
sends a third fleet and troops to America, 342
sends money to America, 348
shares in the trophies of Yorktown, 388

Franco-Prussian war cited in comparison (Preface), vii

Franklin, Benjamin—philosopher, diplomat, and statesman; b. 1716, d. 1790.
urges a union of the Colonies, 1754, 12
the convention of July 4, 1754, the result, 12
reasons for its failure, 12
on passage of Stamp Act, writing to Charles Thompson, 13
Thompson’s reply quoted, 13
describes the servile attitude of the English people, 18
chairman Penn. Committee of Safety, 28
his opinion of fight at Breed’s Hill, 34
commissioner to Canada, 88
commissioner to meet Gen. and Admiral Howe, 116
secures French support, 209
writes as to Washington’s standing abroad, 308
influence with Holland and Spain noticed, 309
secures a loan from Holland, 348

Frederick II.—third king of Prussia (called “the Great”); son of Frederick William I.; b. 1712, d. 1786; like Washington in reticence, 44

French army at Newport, R.I., 286
marches through Connecticut, 335
joins Washington, 335
threatens New York, 336
supports Lafayette, 342
parades in Philadelphia, 349
reviewed by the president of Congress, 349
in siege of Yorktown, 357
competes with Americans, in action, 358

French fleet off the Delaware, with French Ambassador, 238
unable to enter New York, 240
sails for Newport, R.I., 240
engages fleet of Howe, 243
repairs at Boston, 243
at Savannah, Ga., 261
blockaded at Newport, 295
off the Chesapeake, 350
engages with British fleet, 354
leaves America, 361

Frigate Le Sensible (Fr.) brings French treaty to America, 213
La Chinier (Fr.) brings French minister to America, 238

Frigates built during the war, and their fate (Appendix B), 378

Gage, Thomas—Br. lieut.-gen.; b. 1721, d. 1787.
appointed gov. Massachusetts and Commander-in-Chief, 16
his fatal movement upon Concord, 20
succeeded by Howe, 58

Gates, Horatio—maj.-general, sub. adj.-general; b. 1728, d. 1806.
his antecedents, 36
succeeds Sullivan in Canada, 88
the confidant of Charles Lee, 127
confidential letter from Lee, 127
another letter from Lee, 138
reports for duty, 139
absent without leave, 141
dodges Battle of Trenton, 142
insolent letter to Burgoyne, 173
its lofty rebuke, 173
relieves Schuyler, and himself relieved, 173
declines command of Ticonderoga, 173
insulting letter to Washington, 173–4
Washington’s reply, 174
appeals to congressmen, 174
on leave of absence, 174
supersedes Schuyler, 176
captures Burgoyne’s army, 176
congratulated by Washington, 179
reports direct to Congress, 179
president of Board of War, 205
still corresponds with Lee, 205
commands at Peekskill, 212
on Council of War, 217
letters to Lee known to Washington, 220
declines to fight Indians, 259
“unequal to the command,” 260
spends winter in Virginia, 281
Congress gives him the Southern Department, 281
sarcastic letter from Charles Lee, 281
in command at the South, 291
criticised by Irving, 291
routed at Camden, 292
his disgraceful flight, 292
his abject apology, 292
could have saved the battle, 292
attempts to gather his army, 293
the tidings reaches Washington, 295
is succeeded by Greene, 300
turns command over to Greene, 302
retires to his farm, 302

George III.—King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith; b. 1738, d. 1820.
does not understand Englishmen in America, 20
hears of Burgoyne’s surrender, 208
unwisely adjourns Parliament, 208

Gerard (De Rayvenal), Monsieur Conrad A.; d. 1790.
pledges to Franklin and Deane French support, 209
first Fr. ambassador to America, 238

Germaine, George (Viscount Sackville), Lord—Br. Prime Minister; b. 1716, d. 1785.
correspondence with Howe, 98
with Clinton, 249, 289

Germantown, Battle of, Chapter XIX., 192–7

Gimât—Fr. col. on Washington’s staff.
at Monmouth, 233
witness on Lee’s trial, 233
at siege of Yorktown, 357

Gist, Mordecai—brig.-gen., sub. gov. Del.; b. 1743, d. 1792.
skirmishes with Cornwallis, 204
recruits for Greene’s army, 301

Glover, John—col.; sub. brig.-gen.; b. 1732, d. 1797.
at Battle of Long Island, 108
covers the retreat, 111
resists British landing at Throgg’s Neck, 125
at Battle of Trenton, 142

Gordon, Rev. William, as to Battle of Monmouth, 234

Grand tactics defined, with note (Preface), x

Grant, James—Br. maj.-gen.; b. 1720, d. 1806.
at Battle of Long Island, 107
watches Washington from Brunswick, N.J., 143
compliments Washington’s sagacity, 143
put Hessians off their guard, 143

Grant, Ulysses Simpson—Gen. U.S.A., sub. pres. twice; b. 1822, d. 1885.
his example cited, 66

Graves, Thomas, Baron—Br. admiral; b. about 1725, d. 1802.
ordered to burn coast towns, 59
counter-action of Washington, 59
attempts to capture Lafayette, 216
sails for the Chesapeake, 355
misses Count de Barras, 355
engages a superior French fleet, 355
returns to New York, 355

Gray—Br. maj.-gen.
surprises Wayne at Paoli, 193
in attack upon Washington at Chestnut Hill, 204
attempts to capture Lafayette, 216
surprises Light Horse, at Tappan, 248

Great Britain sublimely faces world-wide antagonisms, 296
unjust to her Provincial troops, 362
Washington aids Carleton in their behalf, 363

Greene, Ashbel—chaplain at Monmouth; sub. pres. Princeton College, N.J.; b. 1762, d. 1848;
as to Washington’s interview with Lee at Monmouth, 236
See also Washington’s letter as to the language used by him, 391

Greene, Christopher—colonel; b. 1737, d. 1781.
in Arnold’s expedition to Canada, 55, 200
commands Fort Mercer, 200

Greene, Nathaniel—maj.-gen.; b. 1740, d. 1786.
commands Rhode Island troops, 24
a Quaker youth and blacksmith’s apprentice, 25
studied by forge-light, after work hours, 25
announces principles essential to success, 25
thorough work as member of the Kentish Guards, 26
antecedents and studies, 26
likened to Grant and Lee, 26
outline of his career anticipated, 39
his brigade noticed, 69
in charge of Brooklyn Heights, 87
completes the defences, 102
prostrated by fever, 104
succeeded by Putnam, 104
advises retreat, 115
describes Washington at Kipp’s Bay, 119
assumes command in New Jersey, 122
describes corrupt practices of surgeons, 123
joins for duty, 127
prepares for campaign in New Jersey, 130
regards Fort Washington as defensible, 132
at Battle of Trenton, 142
commands advance posts before Trenton, 151
leads the advance, Jan. 2, 1777, 155
visits Congress, 166
advances to meet Howe, 168
his plan vindicated, 169
selects position on the Brandywine, 185
commands the reserve, 186
with Washington, covers the retreat, 189
at Battle of Germantown, 195
enters New Jersey, 203
assigns Lafayette to duty, 203
at Council of War, 217
at Monmouth, 230, 233
at Boston, as quartermaster-general, 246
describes the winter, 1780, 271
in Battle of Springfield, 283
manœuvres for position, 284
scientific movements noticed, 285
succeeds Arnold at West Point, 291
submits plan for Southern campaign, 300
succeeds Gates and goes South, 300
relieves Gates, 302
his reports and letters, 302
graphic letter to Marion, 303
“spies are the eyes of an army”, 303
acts as if under the eyes of Washington, 303
initiates his campaign, 313
his army without clothing, 315
uses blankets, “Indian style”, 315
rides 125 miles to see Morgan, 315
joined by Harry Lee, 316
provides for Morgan’s prisoners, 316
his wise strategic methods, 317
expects no aid from Virginia, 318
decides to fight Cornwallis, 318
battle of Guilford Court-House, 319
drives Cornwallis into Wilmington, 320
his report to Washington, 320
fights Rawdon, at Hobkirk Hill, 321
the casualties stated, 321
fights Stewart, at Eutaw Springs, “the final battle at the South”, 321
redeems Georgia and the Carolinas, 322
welcomes Lafayette to the South, 326
regards capture of Cornwallis as settled, 327
his army reënforced by Lafayette’s self-denial, 330

Greenfield, Conn., raided by Tryon, 256

Green Mountain Boys, Vt., regularly organized, 51
resist Carleton’s advance from Canada, 62
decline to reënlist after capture of Montreal, 63

Grenville, George—Br. Prime Minister; b. 1712, d. 1770;
ordains a revenue system, 1764, 12

Gridley, Richard—col.; b. 1711, d. 1796.
Engineer-in-Chief at Bunker Hill, 23
resigns, and succeeded by Knox, 61

Griffiths—Am. col.; skirmishes with Donop (H.), 146

Hale, Edward Everett—clergyman, journalist, and author; b. Boston, Mass., 1822.
his tribute to Nathan Hale, 120, 121

Hale, Nathan—Am. captain; b. 1755; d. 1776.
confidential messenger of Washington, 120
executed as a spy, Sept. 22, 1776, 121
his memorable last words, 121
his career sketched by the Rev. E. E. Hale, 120–121
place of his execution identified by Lossing, 131

Hamilton, Alexander—col., sub. eminent financier; b. 1757, d. 1804.
occupies Chatterton Hill, with two guns, 128
is sent to Gates for troops, 204
with Lafayette at Monmouth, 226
reports New York Harbor too shallow for French fleet, 240
gallantry at Yorktown, 357

Hammond, Sir Andrew—Br. commodore;
arrives with troops, 261

Hampton, Wade—col.; b. 1754, d. 1835;
honored by Washington, 312

Hancock, John—statesman and maj.-gen.; b. 1737, d. 1793.
pres. Mass. Provincial Congress, 17
advises Washington of Howe’s movements, 183
at siege of Newport opposes departure of D’Estaing, 243

Hand, Edward—col.; b. in Ireland, 1744, d. 1802.
in skirmish on Long Island, 104
falls back to Prospect Hill, 105
delays British landing at Throgg’s Neck, 125
skirmishes with the Hessian Yagers, 126
in front of Trenton, 1776–7, 151
in Sullivan’s expedition, 260
becomes adjt.-gen., vice Scammon, resigned, 300

Hannibal—Carthaginian prince and general; b. 229 B.C., d. 183 B.C. (Preface), v

Harrison, Benjamin—signer of Declaration of Independence; b. 1740, d. 1791;
visits Boston on naval affairs, 60

Harrison, Robert H.—col.
secretary to Washington, 300
becomes C.J. of Maryland, 300

Harrison, Thomas—speaker of Virginia House of Burgesses;
addressed by Washington, 250

Haslet—col. Delaware reg’t; b. in Ireland, d. 1777.
joins army at Brooklyn, 105
makes a gallant fight, 107
attacks the Queen’s Rangers successfully, 126
k. at Battle of Princeton, 154

Hazelwood, John—Am. naval officer; b. 1726, d. 1800;
gallantry on the Delaware, 202

Hazen, Moses—col., sub. brig.-gen.; b. 1733, d. 1802;
threatens Staten Island, 347

Heath, William—maj.-general; b. 1735, d. 1814.
appointed brig.-gen, 36
his antecedents, 36
subsequent career outlined, 39
describes occupation of Dorchester as “never so much done in so short a space”, 77
ordered to New York, 82
efficient at New York, 104
aids in the retreat, 110
makes a night march, 128
commands in the Highlands, 131
at Fishkill, 135
advised of Washington’s plans, 141
ordered to take the offensive, 147
special assignment to duty, 156
reprimanded for mismanagement, 157–8
ordered to Boston, 254
again in the Highlands, 268
commands camp in New Jersey, 346

Hebrew military and civil antecedents (Preface), viii, ix

Henry, Patrick—orator and statesman; b. 1736, d. 1799.
charged with treason, 13
denounces British Stamp Act, 13
in first Continental Congress, 17

Hessian prisoners taken at Saratoga remain in America, 248
quartered in Virginia, 248

Hessian soldiers misunderstood, 363

Hildreth, Richard—historian; b. 1807, d. 1865.
criticises Samuel Adams, 299
Mr. Adams’ position sound in principle, 299

Hillhouse, James—captain, sub. eminent lawyer and senator; b. 1754, d. 1832.
resists Tryon’s invasion of New Haven, 256

Hobkirk Hill noticed, 321

Hood, Sir Samuel—Br. admiral; b. 1724, d. 1816.
arrives in America, 354
looks into Delaware Bay, 354
proceeds to New York, 354
reports to Admiral Graves, 354

Hornblower, Joseph C.—Chief Justice of New Jersey; b. 1777, d. 1864;
misreported as to Washington’s language at Monmouth, 235

Howe, Lord Richard—admiral; b. 1725, d. 1799.
reaches N.Y. July 12, 1776, 98
joint commissioner with General Howe, 98
refuses to recognize Washington’s military title, 96
does so in order to secure Erskine’s exchange, 99
returns to New York, 245
sails for Boston, 245

Howe, Sir William—lieut.-gen.; b. 1730, d. 1814.
declares martial law, 32
offers pardon to all but Samuel Adams and John Hancock, 32
established in America, 33
overrules Clinton’s advice to attack Cambridge, 35
his martinet discipline, 48
ordered to succeed Gage, 58
issues an unwise proclamation, 58
Washington’s counter-proclamation, 58
orders coast towns to be devastated, 59
instructed by Lord Dartmouth, 69
“New York is the proper British base”, 70
overruled by Gage, 70
Dorchester Heights seized, 77
his report to Lord Dartmouth, 77
fails to recapture the Heights, 80
evacuates Boston, 80
embarks for Halifax, 80
sails from Halifax for New York, 97
lands troops on Staten Island, 98
confers with Governor Tryon, 98
writes Lord Germaine as to plans, 98
addresses George Washington, Esq., 98
changes the address to secure a military exchange, 99
“dispensing pardon to repentant sinners,” as Washington styles Howe’s mission, 99
brilliant landing of his army, 106
the battle outlined, 107–9
negotiations with American commissioners, 108
advance of his army, 117
makes enormous requisitions for troops, 118
movements anticipated by Washington, 120
writes Lord Germaine as to a long campaign, 124
will not attack Harlem Heights, 125
lands at Throgg’s Neck, 126
orders storming of Chatterton Hill, 126
awaits reënforcements, 126
outgeneraled by Washington, 129
crosses to the Hudson, 129
anticipated by Washington, 130
tries to deter American enlistments, 130
guarantees “liberties and properties”, 130
captures Fort Washington, 132
knew of Adjutant Dumont’s treason, 133
excuse for not following Washington, 133
specific instructions given, 133
sends Cornwallis into New Jersey, 137
“weather too severe for field service”, 137
returns to New York, 139
winter quarters specified, 139
surprised by news from Trenton, 150
calls for 20,000 more troops, 150
hurries Cornwallis to New Jersey, 150
withdraws troops from Newport, 163
plans anticipated by Washington, 165
marches again into New Jersey, with 17,000 men, 167
details of the campaign, 168–170
will invade Pennsylvania, 177
writes a decoy letter, which Washington detects, 177
no doubts of Burgoyne’s success, 181
sails for the Chesapeake, 182–183
skirmishes with American advance, 185
masterly strategy in the Battle of Brandywine, 187–190
cares for the wounded of both armies, 192
his rear threatened by Washington, 194
his headquarters at Germantown, 195
repels Washington’s attack, but does not attack in turn, 195
after battle returns to Philadelphia, 196
threatens American army at Chestnut Hill, 204
explains the failure of his movement, 204
succeeded in command by Clinton, 215
his army in detail (Appendix D–2), 384

Huntington, L.I., raided by Tryon’s expedition, 256

Hyde Park, Mass., where fascine rods were made available, 78

Independence, National, proclaimed at Philadelphia, July 4, 1776, 91

Independence proclaimed at Charlotte, N. C., May 20, 1774, 29

Indian atrocities during the Revolution, 249
summarily avenged, 252, 260

Indian auxiliaries advocated by Great Britain, 172
advocated by Congress, 88
denounced by Burgoyne, 172–3
ridiculed by Schuyler, 88

Irving, Washington—diplomat, historian, scholar; b. 1783, d. 1859.
his personal aid acknowledged by the author (Preface), xiv
his sketch of Washington’s youth, 1
his tribute to Mary Washington, 5

Japan honors the example and teachings of Washington, 370

Jay, John—statesman and jurist; b. 1745, d. 1829.
in first Continental Congress, 17
suggests to burn New York, 108
commissioner to France, 309
his services recognized, 309

Jefferson, Thomas—patriot and statesman, governor Va., sub. pres. twice; b. 1743, d. July 4, 1826.
sees basis for a constitution in government of Iroquois Indian Confederacy, 12
protects the western frontier, 253
advised by Washington, 300
defies Arnold’s threats, 311
narrowly escapes capture by Tarleton, 340
is vindicated by Lafayette, 343

Jomini, Henri, Baron DE—gen.; chief of staff to Napoleon; aide-de-camp Emperor of Russia; military writer; b. 1799, d. 1869.
gives grounds of Napoleon’s success (Preface), xiii
as applied to Washington, 44
as to retreats, 73

Jones, John Paul—lieut., captain in the navy, sub. admiral in the Russian navy; b. 1747, d. 1792.
appointed in the navy, 59
history of his name, 379
his naval success, 379

Joshua—the Hebrew captain, an antetype of Washington upon completion of his mission, 373

Jubilee, Am., at Valley Forge, 213
French alliance honored, 213
Br. at Philadelphia, 215
General Howe honored, 215
noted participants, 215

Kent, James—chief justice, jurist, and author, N. Y.; b. 1763, d. 1847;
his opinion of General Schuyler, 37

Kentish Guards, R.I., identified with Greene, 26
their prompt start for Boston, 27
their subsequent promotions in the service, 26

Keppel, Augustus—Br. admiral; b. 1725, d. 1786; gives an opinion of the war, 21

King’s Mountain, Battle of, mentioned, 293

Kingston, N. Y., burned by Gen. Vaughn, 179

Knowlton, Thomas—capt., sub. col.; b. 1740, d. 1776.
at Bunker Hill, 122
k. at Harlem Heights, 122

Knox, Henry—chief of artillery, sub. maj.-gen.; sub. Sec. of War; b. 1750, d. 1806.
succeeds Gridley, resigned, 61
efficient in ordnance department, 71
mounts Ticonderoga cannon at Cambridge, 71
reports his artillery force, 102
efficient at Trenton with Forrest’s battery, 145
recruits artillery in Mass., 163
establishes gun-factory at Springfield, 163
visits Count de Grasse, with Washington, 353

Knyphausen, Wilhelm, Baron VON—H. lieut.-general; b. 1730, d. 1789.
arrives in America and joins Howe, 126
in attack upon Fort Washington, 132
at Brandywine, 186–7
conducts Clinton’s baggage-train from Philadelphia, 224
pushes for Monmouth, 224
reaches New York, 229
invades New Jersey, 271
in Battle of Springfield, 279
acts the part of Pharaoh, instead of that of Moses, 280

Kosciusko, Thaddeus—Polish maj.-general; b. 1750, d. 1817.
perfects fortifications at West Point, 212
appointed chief engineer, vice Du Portail, captured, 300
ordered to the South, 302
his efficiency, 302
his antecedents, 305
locates earthworks, 317

Lafayette, or La Fayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Rock-Gilbert Dumotier, Marquis DE—maj.-general; b. 1757, d. 1835.
arrives in America, 191
reaches Philadelphia, 191
joins Washington, in council, 191
his first scout, 185
commands a division, 203
visits Albany as to Canadian movement, 211
rejoins Washington, 212
concurs with his chief, 213
skilful at Barren Hill, 215
amusing incident of the battle, 216
outmanœuvres Clinton, 216
attends a Council of War, 217
pursues Clinton, 225
reports progress, 226
his relations to Lee, 228
skirmishes with Queen’s Rangers, 229
protests against retreat, 229
commands second line at Monmouth, 231
conduct during the battle, 235
alleged statement as to Washington at Monmouth disproved, 235
a letter to his wife, 236
on duty at Newport, 241
corresponds with D’Estaing, 244
makes quick trip to Boston, 244
covers retreat to Newport, 245
occupies Bristol, 245
sails for France, 253
returns to America, 276
joins Washington, 276
reports to Congress, 276
his proclamation as to Canada, 288
his sympathy with Mrs. Arnold, 291
his estimate of Washington, 305
extols the American army, 306
intrusted with arrest of Arnold, 312, 323
starts on his expedition, 324
an interesting reminiscence, 325
letters to his wife, 325
wounded at Brandywine, 325
his active movements, 325
orders from Washington, 326
has confidence of Greene, 327
how he treated deserters, 327
harasses the enemy, 329
his letter to Washington, 330
headquarters established, 331
ignores Arnold’s letters, 331
complimented by Washington, 332
marches to meet Wayne, 338
reports his movements, 339
takes the offensive, 339
joined by Wayne and unites with Steuben, 340
intercepts Tarleton’s correspondence, 340
in sharp action at Williamsburg, 341
gallantry noticed, 341
writes Washington in full, 342
reports landing of French troops, 342
declines grave risks, 342
outgenerals Cornwallis, 343
ready for Washington’s arrival, 343
has Cornwallis inclosed, 343
complains of “rusty wheels”, 343
vindicates Gov. Jefferson, 343
confident of victory, 343
receives special orders from Washington not to let Cornwallis escape, 345
sends despatches to Washington, 349
his twenty-fourth birthday, and incidents, 350
writes to his wife as to his “thrilling adventures” and “enviable lot”, 350
welcomes Washington at his headquarters, 351
hastens Washington’s army from Baltimore, 353
relations to the French court, 356
overrules plans of De Grasse, 356
storms a redoubt, 357
pleasantry with Baron Vioménil, 358
relations to Cornwallis, 361
their mutual appreciation, 362
expedition to Charleston abandoned, 362
sails from Boston for France, 362
bids farewell to Washington, 362

Laurens, Henry—statesman; b. 1724; d. 1792.
vice-president of South Carolina, 86
reports New York Harbor too shallow for French fleet, 240
in the siege of Savannah, 268
sent commissioner to Holland, 296
taken prisoner in London, 296
in London Tower for high treason, 296
sent on special mission to France, 296
arrives in Paris, 309
speaks plain words at Paris, 309
returns to America with funds and pledges of French support, 348

Lauzun, Armand Louis de Goutant, Duke DE—b. 1747, d. 1793.
with Rochambeau, 333
threatens Morrisania, 334
in concert with General Lincoln, 335
his lancers in action, 337
tendered a banquet at Philadelphia, 350
despatches from Lafayette read, 350
at Yorktown, 357

Ledyard, William—col.; b. 1750, d. 1781;
massacred at Fort Griswold, 351

Lee, Charles—retired Br. officer, maj.-general; b. 1731, d. 1782.
first noticed, 36
his characteristics, 37
how regarded by Washington, 45
distrusts American troops, 56
opposes Washington’s plans, 56
is sent to Connecticut, 70
advises occupation of New York, 70
writes about “crushing serpents”, 70
ordered to New York, 71
fortifies Brooklyn Heights, 85
arrogates authority, and is reprimanded, 85
ordered to South Carolina, 85
his conduct at Charleston, 86
returns north for duty, 127
abuses Congress, 127
curious letter to Gates, 127
finally joins Washington, 128
in charge of reserve camp, 131
his grand division noticed, 135
withholds troops required by Washington, 135
finally enters New Jersey, 137
is taken prisoner, 137
writes Gates, insulting Washington, 138
writes Heath, insulting Washington, 138
writes James Bowdoin as to Washington, 139
mistakes the man addressed, 139
his capture noticed by Washington, 139
effect of his independent action, 141
his risks as prisoner of war, 164
Washington’s firmness in the matter, 164
unsoldierly conduct, 174
placed on parole, 217
reports for duty, 217
compared with Arnold, 218
letters to Congress, 218
letters to Washington, 218
Washington’s stinging reply, 218
conferences with Howe brought to light in 1872, 219
joins army at Valley Forge, 220
opposes Washington’s plans, 225
his theory noticed, 225
relations to Lafayette, 227
declines a special command, 227
his contemptuous reference to Washington’s plans, 227
begs for it, afterwards, 227
writes Lafayette, in great distress, 228
pretends to be satisfied, 228
commands the advance troops, 228
orders retreat against Lafayette’s protest, 229
never handled a command before, 230
never under fire during the war, 230
is rebuked by Washington, 232
the incident described, 232
his conduct during the day,, 233
his trial, suspension, and death, 234
vindication of Washington from traditions as to language upon meeting Lee, 235
Notes of Lee’s Court-martial (Appendix G), 389–392

Lee, Henry—colonel, sub. brig.-gen.; b. 1756, d. 1818.
at storming of Stony Point, 257
captures Paulus Hook, 259
joins General Greene, 303
opinion as to Battle of Guilford, 319

Lee, Richard Henry—statesman; b. 1732, d. 1794.
in first Continental Congress,, 17
in March, 1775, urges Virginia to arm, 26

Lee, Robert Edward—eminent confederate general, 1861–5; b. 1810, d. 1870;
shared peculiarities of Washington and Grant, 44

Lee, Thomas S.—gov. Md.; addressed by Washington, 300

Leslie, Alexander—Br. maj.-general; b. 1740, d. 1794.
commands the assault at Chatterton Hill, 129
joins Cornwallis, 298
fortifies Norfolk, 301
at battle of Guilford, 320
in the Virginia campaign, 331

Lincoln, Benjamin—maj.-gen.; b. 1733, d. 1810.
joins the army with Mass. troops, 122
reaches Peekskill, with four thousand New England militia, 157
threatens Fort Independence, 157
at Charleston, S.C., 253
has a fresh command, 334–5
commands a division, 337
receives sword of Cornwallis at Yorktown, 360

Livingston, Henry B.—col.; b. 1757, d. 1823;
saves Fort Edward, 295

Livingston, Philip—signer of Declaration of Independence; b. 1716, d. 1778;
in first Continental Congress, 17

Logistics defined, with note (Preface), x, xi

Lossing, Benson J.—historian, b. 1813, d. 1891;
gratefully noticed by the author (Preface), xiv

Louis XVI.—king of France; b. 1754, d. 1793.
officially supports America, 213
his purpose anti-British, 302
opposed occupation of New York, 352–3

Lynch, Thomas—patriot; b. 1720, d. 1776.
in first Continental Congress, 17
at Cambridge, 60

Magaw—col.;
at Fort Washington, 130–2
betrayed by his adjutant, 133
casualties of the assault, 133

Manly, John—Am. captain;
makes valuable captures at sea, 60

Marie Antoinette—queen of France; b. 1755, d. 1793;
friend of Lafayette and of America, 356

Marion, Francis—brig.-general; b. 1732, d. 1795.
addressed by Greene, 303
esteemed by Washington, 312

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of—gen., sub. field marshal; b. 1650, d. 1722;
cited in comparison (Preface), viii

Marshall, John—chief justice U.S., jurist and historian; b. 1755, d. 1836.
as to Asst. Quartermaster-General Carrington, 301
as to American mutiny, 307
as to troops sent South, 327

Maryland troops always efficient, 277
gallantry at Camden, 202
at Rattle of Guilford, 320

Massachusetts leads resistance to Stamp Ac, 13
resolves its Assembly into a Provincial Congress, 17
elects John Hancock as its first president, 17
organizes a force of “Minute Men”, 17
organizes a Committee of Safety, 17
summons 30,000 men to instant duty, 22
drafts one-fifth of her able-bodied men, 116
orders a monument to Chevalier de Saint Sauveur, 247
liberal to troops during a mutiny, 308

Matthews—Br. maj.-gen. in attack upon Fort Washington, 132
lays waste Portsmouth and Norfolk, 253
in Battle of Springfield, 278

Matthews, John—jurist; b. 1774, d. 1802;
on special War Committee. 73

Maxwell, William—brig.-gen.; b. in Ireland, d. 1798.
in command at Morristown, 141
on special duty, 147
stationed at Elizabethtown, 164
moves against Howe, 168
at Red Clay Creek, 185
accompanied by Lafayette, 185
gallantry at Chadd’s Ford, 186
active in New Jersey, 222
obstructs Clinton’s retreat, 224
in Battle of Springfield, 279
associated with Lafayette, 324

McClellan, George Brinton—maj.-gen. U.S.A.; b. 1826, d. 1885;
his qualities cited in comparison, 162

McCrea, Jane—her murder not chargeable to Burgoyne, 173

McDougall, Alexander—brig.-gen.; b. 1750, d. 1786.
occupies Chatterton Hill, 128
fights the battle known as “White Plains”, 129
on special duty at Morristown, 147
succeeds Heath at Peekskill, 166
in Battle of Germantown, 195
established at Peekskill, 206
accompanies Kosciusko to West Point, 212
again in the Highlands, 248

McDowell, Charles—colonel; b. 1743, d. 1815;
at King’s Mountain, his descendants honored, 293

Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, 29
County, North Carolina, eminently patriotic, 293

Meigs—Am. col.;
attacks Sag Harbor, 167
at storming of Stony Point, 257

Mercer, Hugh—brig.-general; b. 1721, k. at Battle of Princeton, 1777 154

Mifflin, Thomas—brig.-general; b. 1744, d. 1800.
efficient before Boston, 72
provides barracks in New York, 83
in battle of Long Island, 106
skilful in the retreat, acting under confidential orders, of Washington, 110
absence from Valley Forge disastrous, 206
rejoins camp, 217
criticised by Washington in letter to Gouverneur Morris, 217

Milton, Mass., where Rufus Putnam found fascine rods, 78

Minnigerode—H. col.; k. in attack upon Fort Mercer, 201

Monckton, Henry—Br. lieut.-col.; b. 1740, k. 1778, at Monmouth, 233

Monmouth, Battle of, described (see map), 229–237

Monroe, James—lieutenant, sub. pres.; b. 1758, d. 1831.
at battle of Trenton, 142
helps capture two guns, 145
wounded in battle, 145

Montgomery, Richard—Am. brig.-gen.; b. 1737, k. before Quebec, 1775.
his military antecedents, 36
subsequent career outlined, 38
a comrade of Carleton when Wolfe fell, 38
in despair at condition of the troops, 38
starts for Canada, 55
reaches Ticonderoga, 61
receives imperative orders from Washington, 61
sympathetically sustained by Washington, 63
his Orderly Book, 63
occupies Montreal, 63
tries a forlorn-hope assault upon Quebec, 63
goes to Arnold’s relief, 65
is killed in battle, 65
buried with honors of war, 66

Montreal captured by British, 1760, 10
captured by Montgomery, 1775, 63

Moore, George H.—sec. N.Y. His. Soc.;
brings to light Charles Lee’s papers, 219

Morgan, Daniel—brig.-general; b. 1737, d. 1802.
captured at Quebec, 65
attacks Hessians in New Jersey, 169
skirmishes with Cornwallis, 204
supports Maxwell in N.J., 225
serves under Lafayette, 225
reports to Gen. Greene, 303
fights Battle of Cowpens, 314
is visited by Greene, 315
retires from the army, 315

Morris, Gouverneur—statesman; b. 1752, d. 1816;
his letter from Washington, 1778, 217

Morris, Robert—financier and statesman; b. 1734, d. 1806;
friend of Washington, 164

Morristown headquarters described, 265

Moses—Hebrew deliverer of his people; model legislator; founder of modern civil codes; b. about 1570 B.C., d. about 1450 B.C.
the Hebrew Commonwealth and its military system noticed (Preface), viii
his decimal army organization (Preface), viii
his sanitary and police regulations (Preface), viii
patriotic instruction of Hebrew youth imperative by his laws (Preface), viii
his general order, “Forward,” when he led his people to national independence, quoted, as Washington marched through Philadelphia for Brandywine, 184

Muhlenburg, Peter—maj.-gen.; b. 1746, d. 1807.
at Battle of Brandywine (see map), 186
active in Virginia, 301

Murphy—maj.;
leads N.C. troops at Stony Point, 257

Murray, Lindley—grammarian; b. 1745, d. 1826;
friend of Greene, 25

Mutiny of Connecticut troops, 277
of Pennsylvania troops, 306–7
a natural outbreak, 308

Napoleon I.—Bonaparte (Buonaparte), Emperor of France; b. 1769, d. 1821.
his military maxims noticed (Preface), viii
his Italian campaign compared with the First New Jersey campaign in the Am. Revolution (Preface), xiii
the basis of his success given by Jomini (Preface), xiii

Nash, Abner—gov. N.C.; b. 1716, d. 1786;
addressed by Washington, 300

Nash, Francis—brig.-general; b. 1720, k. at Battle of Germantown, 1777, 195–6

New England discriminated against by Great Britain, 18
experience in earlier wars, 21
her governors in conference with committee of Congress, 60
finally relieved from British hostilities, 262

New Hampshire liberality during the American mutiny, 308

New Haven, Conn., invaded by Tryon, 256

New Jersey seizes the Provincial treasury and raises troops, 28
the chief battleground, 161
more than meets her quota, 272
her noble women, 272, 285
a continuous battlefield and the strategic center, 285

Newport, R.I.; Howe’s strategic objective, 1776, 118
occupied by the British, 150
besieged by Franco-American forces, 241
abandoned by the British, 262
occupied by Rochambeau, 286

New York city as a British base, 94

New York Committee of Public Safety aroused, 27
its assembly becomes a Provincial Congress, 27

Nook’s Hill fortified, March 10, 1775, 60
evacuation of city a necessity, 60

Norfolk, Va., laid waste by Matthews, 253

North Carolina “will resist Stamp Act to the death”, 13
defies its Provincial governor, 28
adopts the cause of Boston, 28
a convention meets at Charlotte, May 20, 1775, 29
the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, 29
sends Gen. Moore with two battalions to New York, 115
two companies in storming of Stony Point, 257

North, Frederick, Lord—Earl of Guilford; b. 1733, d. 1792.
British Prime Minister, 1769, 15
abolishes all duties except on tea, 15
the consequences noted, 15

Norwalk, Conn., raided by Tryon, 256

Ogden—Am. col.;
as to panic at Monmouth, 231

O’Hara, Charles—Br. maj.-gen.; b. 1756, d. 1791.
makes the surrender of army of Cornwallis, 360

Onondaga Indians near Syracuse, N.Y., punished, 252

“On to Philadelphia,” like the “On to Richmond” of 1861, ill-judged, 198

Panic at Brooklyn controlled by Washington, 112
at Kipp’s Bay, noticed, 119, 237
at Toulon, compared, 120
at Princeton, controlled by Washington, 154
at Monmouth, turned by Washington into victory, 231
at Camden, 292

Paoli, birthplace of Wayne, visited by British, 193

Paris, Treaty of, 1763, and its terms, 11

Parker, Sir Peter—Br. admiral; b. 1716, d. 1811.
sails from Ireland, 97
repulsed by Moultrie, 97
joins Howe in New York, 99

Parliament of Nations, 1892, noticed, 372

Parsons, Samuel H.—brig.-gen.; b. 1737, d. 1789.
his brigade at Kipp’s Bay, 119
were trusted by Washington, 119
redeemed their good name, 119
a parallel case cited under Napoleon, 120
before Fort Independence, 157
on duty in Connecticut, 163
joins Washington, 168
in the Highlands, 179

Peabody, Nathaniel—statesman; b. 1741, d. 1823;
on special War Commission, 273

Penn, William—b. 1644, d. 1718;
urged a Colonial Union, 1697, 12

Pennington, William—gov. N.J., and speaker U.S. House; b. 1717, d. 1791;
as to Washington’s language at Monmouth, on meeting Lee, 236

Pennsylvania appropriates money for troops, 28
her Assembly corresponds with Washington, 207

Penobscot, Me., a British post 270

Percy, Hugh, Earl—Br. lieut.-gen., Duke of Northumberland; b. 1742, d. 1817.
his soldierly qualities noticed, 35
fails to recapture Dorchester Heights, 80
at Battle of Long Island (see map), 105
joins Howe before White Plains, 128
in the attack upon Fort Washington, 132

Philadelphia takes action, April 24, 1775, 28
her citizens overawe the opposing element, 28
visited by Washington’s army, 183, 192
mighty ovation to the soldiers, 184
supplies the suffering army, 194
is occupied by Howe, 196
its winter experiences, 1778, 210
the Howe carnival and its magnificence, 215
evacuated by Clinton, 221–222
occupied by Arnold, 222
visited by Washington and Rochambeau, 348–9

Phillips, William—Br. maj.-gen.; b. 1731, d. 1781.
sent to Virginia, 326
destroys much property, 329
his relations to Arnold, 331
his death and its effects, 331

Pigot, Sir Robert—maj.-gen.; b. 1720, d. 1796;
at Newport, R.I., 241

Pomeroy, Seth—brig.-general; b. 1706, d. 1777.
his military antecedents, 24
appointed brig.-gen., 36
declines further service, 38

Portsmouth, Va., laid waste by Matthews, 253

Pownall, Thomas E.—Br. gov. Mass.; b. 1722, d. 1805;
his prediction, 368

Prescott, Richard—Br. maj.-general; b. 1725, d. 1788;
taken prisoner, and exchanged for Lee, 217
at Savannah, 267

Prescott, William—colonel; b. 1726, d. 1795.
conducts the Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) fight, 34
Governor’s Island, N.Y., 102
safely removes all stores, 112
repels Howe’s advance at Throgg’s Neck, 125

Prevost, Sir Augustine—Br. maj.-gen.; b. 1725, d. 1786;
outgenerals Lincoln but without substantial results on either hand, 253

Proctor, Thomas—Am. capt. of artillery; b. in Ireland, 1739, d. 1806.
with battery at Chadd’s Ford Brandywine, 186
in Indian expedition, 260

Pulaski, Casimir, Count—Polish maj.-gen.; b. 1747, k. 1779, in siege of Savannah, 268
dear to Washington, 305

Putnam, Israel—maj.-general; b. 1718, d. 1790.
his military antecedents, 23
conspicuous at Bunker Hill, 38
subsequent career outlined, 38
commands at New York, 87
succeeds Sullivan at Brooklyn, 104
instructed by Washington, 104–5
succeeded by Washington in person, 107
fortifies Hudson River shore, 115
favors retreat from New York, 115
his laconic utterance, 115
commands New York city, 115
a division at White Plains, 129
at Philadelphia, 153
located at Peekskill, 178
grants unwise furloughs, 178
outgeneraled by Clinton, 179
regains position, 180
on the Long Island shore, 206
returns to Peekskill, 206
at Danbury, Conn., 248
in command on the Hudson, 254

Putnam, Rufus—col.; b. 1738, d. 1824;
his efficiency as civil engineer at Boston, 75

Quebec, captured in 1759, 10
assaulted by Montgomery and Arnold, 1776, 66
magnanimity of General Carleton at death of Montgomery, 66

Queen’s Rangers (Provincial), noticed, 204, 255, 279
Washington’s magnanimity toward them, reciprocating Carleton’s action at Quebec, 363

Rahl (Rall), John Gottlieb—H. col.; b. 1720, d. 1776.
storms Chatterton Hill, 129
commands at Trenton, 139
k. in battle, 146

Rawdon, Francis, Lord—Marquis of Hastings, earl, sub. gov.-gen. India; b. 1754, d. 1825.
gallantry at Bunker Hill, 35
reënforces Clinton at the South, 276
in battle of Hobkirk Hill, 321

Reed, Joseph—adjt.-general, sub. gov. Penn.; b. 1741, d. 1785.
in Washington’s confidence before Boston, 71
describes the army at Harlem Heights, 123
in the secret of Washington’s attack upon Trenton, 141

Religious distinctions among the colonies harmonized, 266

Rhode Island sends 1,500 men to Boston, April 25, 1775, 22
her troops under Nathaniel Greene, 25
seizes British stores, 27
calls for protection of her ports, 87
two regiments in Continental pay, 87
sends additional troops to New York, 115

Richmond, Charles Lennox, Duke—Br. Sec. of State; b. 1735, d. 1806.
denounces hire of Hessian troops, 96
his prediction verified, 209

Ridgefield, Conn., invaded by Tryon, 166

Riedesel, Friedrich Adolph, Baron—H. maj.-general; b. 1730, d. 1800.
reaches Canada with troops, 89
in Burgoyne’s command, 387

Roberts, Charles G. D.—prof. King’s College, N.S.;
his history of Canada cited 63

Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur de—Fr. marshal; b. 1725, d. 1807.
arrives in America, 286
appreciates Washington, 287
writes as to American conditions, 287
confers with Washington at Hartford, 297
sends his son to France, 298
again in conference at Wethersfield, 333
asks coöperation of Count de Grasse, 333
at West Point with Washington, 347
moves southward, 347
advances $20,000 in gold to American army, 347
parades in Philadelphia, 349
receives despatches from Washington, 350
entertained at Baltimore, 351
guest of Washington at Mt. Vernon, 351
opposed occupation of New York, 353
visits Count de Grasse with Washington, 353
signs articles of Cornwallis’ surrender, 360
honored by Congress, 361
remains with Washington, 361
visits New England, 361
sails for the West Indies, 361

Rowan county, N.C., eminently patriotic, 293

Rutledge, Edward—statesman, signer of Declaration of Independence; b. 1749, d. 1800;
commissioner with Adams and Franklin to meet Gen. and Admiral Howe, 1776, 118

Rutledge, John—sub. gov. and chief justice, S.C.; b. 1739, d. 1800.
pres. Republic of South Carolina, 86
controls the conduct of Charles Lee, 86
his characteristics, 86
aids in siege of Savannah, 267

Saint (St.) Clair, Arthur—maj.-gen; b. 1734, d. 1818.
at Battle of Princeton, 154
writes a boastful letter, 175
abandons Ticonderoga, 175

Saint (St.) John, N.B., founded by British Provincials, 363
May 17th its natal day, 363
honors Washington, 363

Saint (St.) John’s, captured Nov. 3, 1775, 62
André among the prisoners, 62

Saint (St.) Ledger, Barry—Br. col.; b. 1737, d. 1789;
invades the Mohawk valley, 171

Saint (St.) Luc, La Corne de—b. 1712, d. 1784.
as to hiring Indians, 173
is rebuked by Burgoyne, 173

Saint (St.) Memin, Charles Balthazar Julien Favre de—Fr. artist; b. 1770, d. 1852;
his profile of Washington, by a crayon process of his own, the last portrait of Washington taken, frontispiece

Saint (St.) Sauveur, Chevalier DE—Fr.; k. at Boston, 247
a monument to his memory ordered, 247

Saint (St.) Simon, Claude Henri, Count DE—Fr.; b. 1760, d. 1825.
arrives with De Grasse, 342
lands 3,000 French troops, 342
reports to Lafayette for duty, 342
waves seniority of rank, 343
urges immediate assault, 343
yields to Lafayette’s judgment, 343
sails for the West Indies, 362

Salem, Mass., declines benefits of Boston Fort Bill, 16

Savannah, Ga., responds to call from Lexington, 29
intercepts royal letters to governors, 30
Committee of Safety, acts promptly, 30
besieged without success, 267–8

Schovalhoff, Count—Russian statesman; his prediction at the Berlin Conference verified in 1898, 370

Schuyler, Philip—maj.-general; sub. U.S. senator; b. 1733, d. 1804.
appointed maj.-gen., 36
his antecedents, 36
his career outlined, 37
honored by Kent and Webster, 37–8
ordered to Canada, 55
among the Six Nations, 61
urged forward by Washington and joins Montgomery, 61
advised as to Allen’s misadventure, 62
suspends resignation at Washington’s request, 63
his Orderly Book, 63
again advised by Washington,, 64
is to expect a bloody summer, 87
ridicules hiring Indians, 88
to resist Carleton’s advance, 163
is relieved by Gates, 173
is promptly restored, 173
offers Gates a command, 173
it is sneeringly declined, 173
his energetic action, 174
is absent, sick, without fault, 175
has a prophetic letter from Washington, 175
organizes a large army, 176
is superseded by Gates, 176
returns to Congress, 273
on committee to visit Washington, 273
is urged to be Secretary of War, 328
gives reasons for declining, 328

Second Continental Congress, May 10, 1775, 31
provides money and munitions, 31
delegates from Georgia make action unanimous, 31
rules and articles of war adopted, 31
denounces acts of Parliament as “unconstitutional, oppressive, and cruel”, 31

Second New Jersey campaign, and its results, 167

Sevier, John—Am. col.; b. 1745, d. 1815;
at King’s Mountain, his descendants honored, 293

Sharpe, Granville—Br. philanthropist; b. 1734, d. 1813;
resigns rather than aid the war, 21

Shelby, Isaac—col., sub. gov. Kentucky; b. 1750, d. 1826.
at King’s Mountain, his descendants honored, 293
summoned to Virginia, 1780, 314

Sheldon, Elisha—col.; attacked by Tarleton, 255
on expedition with Lauzun, 334
supports Washington, 334–5–6
has a spirited scout, 337

Sheridan, Philip Henry—general U.S.A.; b. 1831, d. 1888;
his example cited, 162

Sherman, William Tecumseh—general; b. 1820, d. 1891;
his march to the sea cited by way of comparison, 162

Shippen, Miss, belle of the Philadelphia fêtes, 216
becomes the wife of Arnold, 289
had no knowledge of Arnold’s treason, 291
highly esteemed by Washington and Lafayette, 291

Shuldham—Br. admiral;
relieves Graves at Boston, 68
comments on seizure of Dorchester Heights, 77

Siege of Quebec closed, 66
Boston, 80
Newport, 245
Savannah, 268
Yorktown, 268
Charleston, 275
New York, 347

Signal-fires in New Jersey, 280

Simcoe, J. Graves—Br. lieut.-col., Queen’s Rangers; sub. gov. Canada; b. 1752, d. 1806.
active in forays, 248
in the Battle of Springfield, 279
in Virginia with Arnold, 310
raids Virginia, 320
popular misconceptions of his character, 363

“Six Nations” (Iroquois) a model for Jefferson’s constitution, 12
as a confederacy, 13
invaded by Sullivan, 260
devastated by Sullivan, 260
their estimate of Washington, 260–1

Smallwood, William—brig.-gen.; sub. governor Md.; b. 1732, d. 1792.
with Maryland troops at Long Island, 105
makes a gallant fight, 107
deplores ignorance of officers, 123
in Pennsylvania, later, 193
in battle of Germantown, 195
on duty near Philadelphia, 206
as governor, recruits for Greene’s army, 301

Smith, Samuel—lieut.-colonel; b. 1752, d. 1839;
with Maryland troops at Fort Mifflin, 200

Sons of Liberty organized, 14

South Carolina denounces the Stamp Act, 13
seizes the colonial magazine, April 21, 1775, 29
first news from Lexington, 29
intercepts royal packages, 29
declares a Republic, with officers, congress, army, navy, and all the accessories of an independent state, 86

Spain joins France against Great Britain, 1761, 11

Spencer, Joseph N.—brig.-gen.; b. 1714, d. 1789.
his military antecedents, 36
his subsequent career, 39
attempts capture of Newport by Washington’s order, 163

“Spies,” says Greene, “are the eyes of an army”, 303

Springfield, Mass., selected by Knox for a gun-factory, 163

Springfield, N.J., Battle of, 278–9
its lesson emphasized, 283
its casualties noticed, 285
tested the Continental troops, 286

Stamp Act of 1755 noticed, 13
repealed in 1766, 14

Stark, John—maj.-gen.; b. 1728, d. 1822.
in the Battle of Bunker Hill, 32
at the Battle of Trenton, 142
at the Battle of Springfield, 283

Statesmanship in war defined, with note (Preface), xii
as stated by Jesus (Preface), xii

Stedman, Charles—Br. staff officer and historian; b. 1745, d. 1812.
as to Burgoyne campaign and Clinton, 180
as to loose Br. discipline, 210
as to Battles of Guilford and Hobkirk Hill, 321
as to Br. and Am. forces in 1776 and 1777 (Appendix D), 386

Stephen, Adam—Am. maj.-gen.; b. 1730, d. 1791.
service at Brandywine, 189
at Battle of Germantown, 195
dismissed for drunkenness, 196

Stephens, Edward—brig.-general; b. 1745, d. 1820;
conducted prisoners, taken at Cowpens, northward, 316

Sterling—Br. col., sub. maj.-general. [Should not be confused with Lord Stirling, in the Am. service, see below.]
along the Delaware, 194
k. in Battle of Springfield, 278

Steuben, Frederick William Augustus, Baron—maj.-gen.; b. 1730, d. 1794.
instructor at Valley Forge, 210
promoted maj.-gen, 212
acts in harmony with Washington and Lafayette, 213
at Battle of Monmouth, 233
ordered to the South, 300
in charge of powder and lead supplies, 302
in concert with Lafayette, 327
his depot at Elk Island attacked, 340
joins Lafayette’s division, 340
in the siege of Yorktown, 357

Stewart—Br. col.;
succeeds Rawdon at the South, 321
fights Green at Eutaw Springs, 321

Stiles, Ezra—pres. Yale College; b. 1727, d. 1795;
friend of Greene’s youth, 25

Stirling, William Alexander, Lord [his claim to Br. title and estates had been in dispute]—Am. col., sub. maj.-gen.; b. 1726, d. 1783.
in Battle of Long Island, 105
his brigade of picked regiments, 105
fights both Grant and Cornwallis, 107
taken prisoner by superior numbers, 108
is exchanged and returns to duty, 122
reaches White Plains, 128
established at Princeton, 136
in Battle of Princeton, 154
engages Cornwallis, 169
in Battle of Brandywine, 186
his good conduct, 189
in Battle of Germantown, 195
at a Council of War, 217
in Battle of Monmouth, 233
threatens Staten Island, 271
president at Charles Lee’s court-martial (Appendix G), 389

Stony Point stormed by Wayne, 257–8
abandoned by Washington, 259

Strategy defined, with note (Preface), x

Sullivan, John—maj.-general; b. 1740, d. 1795.
personal notice, 36
his career outlined, 39
sent to Canada, 87
succeeded by Gates, 88
ambitious letter to Washington, 89
Washington’s discreet reply, 89
his attitude defined, 89
succeeds Greene on Long Island, 104
succeeded by Putnam, 104
a peculiar letter, 104
his specious report, 107
taken prisoner, 108
on exchange, takes Lee’s division, 139
accompanies Washington to Trenton, 142
incident of the march, 144
enters the lower town, 145
frets about appointments, 166
Washington’s rejoinder, 166
again in New Jersey, 167
fails in the attack upon Staten Island, 184
joins Washington in time for Brandywine, 184–5
his position at Brandywine (as per map), 186
ordered to attack Cornwallis, 187
flanked by Cornwallis, 187
ordered to change position, 187
movement beyond his capacity, 188
difficult under best conditions, 188
loses control of his division, 188
personal valor undoubted, 189
treated justly by Washington, 190
surprised by Howe, 191
in Battle of Germantown, 195
his gallantry noticed, 196
urges attack upon Philadelphia, 207
attempts siege of Newport, 241
relations to the Count d’Estaing, 242–3
issues an intemperate order, 243
prudently modifies the same, 243
advised by Washington to retreat, 244
manly course of D’Estaing, 244
retires to Providence, 245
devastates the Six Nation region with unsparing desolation, 260
comments upon that invasion, 260–261
resigns and enters Congress, 297
laconic appeal to him by Washington, 297

Sumter, Thomas—col.; b. 1734, d. 1832;
honored by Washington, 312

Symonds, Thomas—Br. royal navy.
led attack upon Fort Sullivan (Moultrie) in 1776, 359
signs terms of capitulation of Yorktown, 359

Tarleton, Banestre—Br. lieut.-col.; b. 1754, d. 1833.
attacks Sheldon’s cavalry quarters, 255
raids Westchester County, N.Y., 259
Washington’s counter-stroke, 259
makes no progress at the South, 293
pursues Morgan, 314
completely routed at Cowpens, 314
acknowledges the American success, 321
makes a raid upon Charlotte, 340
fails to capture Jefferson, 340
compliments Lafayette, 340
covers the retreat of Cornwallis, 341
joins him at Yorktown, 341
skirmishes with Lafayette, 341

Ternay. (See De Ternay.)

Thanksgiving Proclamations of Washington—
at Valley Forge, 214
at White Plains, 246
at Yorktown, 360
at New York, 365

Thayer—Am. maj.;
in defence of Fort Mifflin, 203

Thomas, George Henry—maj.-gen. U.S.A.; b. 1815, d. 1870;
his example cited, 26

Thomas, John—major-general (Mass.), Continental brig.-gen.; b. 1725, d. 1776.
military antecedents, 23, 36
subsequent career noticed, 39
efficient in the siege of Boston, 78
sent to Canada, 84, 86
a victim to small-pox in camp, 88

Thompson, Charles—Secretary of first Continental Congress, and his correspondence with Franklin noticed, 13, 16

Ticonderoga taken by Ethan Allen, 30
retaken by Burgoyne, 182

Towers, Robert, of Philadelphia, to receive and pay for arms, 141

Trumbull, Jonathan—gov. Conn.; statesman; the original Brother Jonathan; b. 1710, d. 1788.
anxious about sea-coast exposure, 56
his correspondence with Washington, 56
always Washington’s fast friend, 56
furnishes troops for New York city, 83
sends nine more regiments to Washington, 102

Trumbull, Jonathan Jr.,—col., statesman; b. 1740, d. 1804.
commissary at Long Island, 110
becomes secretary to Washington, 300

Tryon, William—gov. N.C.; b. 1725, d. 1788.
his relation to the British Stamp Act, 13
his career in North Carolina, New York, and Connecticut, 84
holds a conference with Gen. Howe, 98
invades Connecticut, 166
fights Worcester and Arnold at Ridgefield, 166
again invades Conn., 256
resisted by Yale College students at New Haven, 256
in the Battle of Springfield, 278

Tully, Monsieur DE—sails for the Chesapeake, 323
is obliged to return, 323
his reasons satisfactory to Washington, 326

Union of the Colonies advocated in 1697, 1722, 1754 by Penn, Coxe, and Franklin, 12

United States of America, a “stupendous fabric of freedom and empire,” as predicted by Washington, and the fulfilment, 365, 366, 368
“asylum for the poor and oppressed of all nations,” as predicted by Washington, and comments, 365, 368
respect for law and religion the basis of Washington’s character, and of the confidence he inspired in the American people, 367–8
shares with Great Britain bequests under Magna Charta, 371
harmony in that fruition, the possible future, 371
three hundred millions of treasure, her free-will offering to man, 374
her alms, recorded in the census of 1890, the gauge of her maturing sympathy with humanity, 374

Valley Forge established as headquarters, 206
special Council of War noticed, respecting “On to Philadelphia!”, 212
French alliance announced in camp, 213
a grand parade ordered, 214
a Thanksgiving proclamation made, 214
special Council of War, April 20, 1777, 217
its ordeal made soldiers, 231

Varnum, James Mitchell—brig.-gen.; b. 1749, d. 1789.
his brigade reports for duty, 203
in Battle of Monmouth, 233
enters Congress, 315

Vaughan, Sir John—Br. maj.-gen.; b. 1738, d. 1795;
burns Kingston, N.Y., 179

Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Count DE—Fr. minister of foreign affairs; b. 1717, d. 1787.
comments on the Battle of Germantown, 197
proclaims the French alliance and the active support of American Independence, 209
is advised by Rochambeau of American conditions, 287
regards the American Congress as too exacting, 308
guarantees a loan from Holland, 348

“Victory or Death” the countersign and alternative proclaimed by Washington, 149

Vioménil, Baron Antoine Charles de Houx—Fr. gen.; b. 1728, d. 1792.
storms a redoubt at Yorktown, 357
pleasantry of Lafayette noticed, 358

Virginia aroused by the Stamp Act, 13
responds to Patrick Henry’s appeal, 14
includes Washington in her delegation to First Continental Congress, 17
catches the news from Lexington, 28
excited conflict with Lord Dunmore, 28
called upon for more troops, 115
her troops at Middlebrook, 247
receives Greene and other officers gladly, 301
invaded by Arnold, 310, 311
Lafayette in command, 326, 330
Cornwallis arrives, 331
adjournment of Assembly to Charlotte, 338
liberal in its enactments, 338
Lafayette’s gallantry at Williamsburg, 341
Jefferson sustained by Lafayette, 343
arrival of Washington, 351

Ward, Artemas—maj.-general; b. 1727, d. 1800.
his antecedents, 23
appointed senior maj.-gen., 35
his brief career noticed, 37
occupies Boston, March 17, 1776, 80

Warner, Seth—colonel; b. 1744, d. 1785.
a volunteer at Bunker Hill as well as at Ticonderoga, 35
accompanies Allen to Ticonderoga, 35
his subsequent career, 35

Washington, Augustine—father of the Soldier; b. 1694, d., in his son’s eleventh year, 1743, 4

Washington, George—gen., sub. pres. twice; b. 1732, d. 1799.
his boyhood, tastes, and training as described by Irving, 1
physical appearance as described by Mercer, 2
physical accomplishments, 3
personal characteristics, 4
choice of a profession, 4
parentage, and mother’s influence, 4
first victory won, 4
surveyor, inspector, adjutant-general, 5
commissioner to the French, 6
frontier service, 6
with Braddock, 7
military studies and maxims, 8
marriage, and in House of Burgesses, 8
anticipates revolution, 14
in the First Continental Congress, 17
predicts a bloody future, 18
appointed Commander-in-Chief, 32
his associates in command, 35
starts for Cambridge, 40
assumes command, 41
his army noticed, 41
withholds some commissions, 44
his reticence compared with that of other generals, 44
his trust in Providence, 44
method of assignments, 44
his estimate of Arnold, 45
rebukes profanity, 46
enjoins observance of the Sabbath, 47
institutes courts-martial for “swearing, gambling,” etc., 47
skilled in logistics, 48
regard for private soldiers, 49
deserters rebuked, 49
games of chance prohibited, 49
invasion of Canada forced by Congress, 50
visited by Committee of Congress, 52
risks of Canadian invasion, 53
denounces religious bigotry, 53
after Boston, then New York, 54
expeditions to Canada urged by Congress, 55
attitude of Gen. Charles Lee, 56
ignores sea-coast raids, 56
writes Gov. Trumbull, 57
would burn Boston, 57
policy as to holding cities, 57
straggling rebuked, 58
appeals to Congress, 58
privateering regulated, 59
visited by Congressmen and secures a navy, 60
laconic letter to Congress, 61
writes Schuyler as to Northern expeditions, 63
writes Congress as to same, 63
begs Schuyler not to resign—for sake of “God and Country”, 63
writes Schuyler as to British action, 64
plans operations against New York, 69
sends Lee to New York, 70
would cross to Boston on the ice, but opposed by Council, 71
laconic letter to Joseph Reed, 72
preparations for assault, 72
his inflexibility of purpose, 72
preparations for future service, 72–3
experimental bombardment, 74
enforced silence in camp, 75
his confidential staff, 75
secret plan near execution, 76
second bombardment, 76
third bombardment and occupation of Dorchester Heights, 77
British criticism, 77
contingency of failure anticipated, 79
a general bombardment, 80
Nook’s hill fortified, 80
Boston evacuated, 80
his mission to Boston completed, 81
reorganization of the army, 82
movement to New York begun, 82
advises Congress and Governor Trumbull of his plans, 83
disciplines delinquent officers, 83
establishes a regular Pay System, 83
visits Connecticut to hasten troops forward, 84
reaches New York, 84
rebukes Lee and sends him South, 85
forced by Congress to send more troops to Canada, 86
details more troops to Canada under order of Congress, 86
compels citizens to choose between Britain and America, 86
deprecates detachment of troops to Canada, 87
predicts danger to both the armies, 87
warns soldiers not to right their own wrongs, 87
learns of British contracts for Hessians, 87
notes change in Canadian sentiment, 87
writes Schuyler predicting a bloody summer, 87
describes Sullivan’s characteristics, 89
apology of Congress for Canadian disaster, 90
strategic conditions at New York, 91
Declaration of Independence and its effect, 91
British plans noticed, 93
correspondence with Howe, 98
describes British commissioners, as dispensing pardon to repenting sinners, 99
spreads Howe’s proclamation broadcast, 99
denounces gossip-mongers, 100
informs Gov. Trumbull that to trust Providence without effort is to tempt Providence, 102
issues stringent orders as to discipline, 103
reënforces garrison at Brooklyn, 104
details Sullivan, vice Greene, sick, 104
a remarkable letter from Sullivan, 104
Putnam supersedes Sullivan, 104
issues orders to Putnam as to wasteful firing, 105
skulkers must be shot down on the spot, 105
an “army” not a “mob”, 105
will make battle costly to enemy, 108
omnipresent in tent or trench, 108
plans to withdraw to New York, 109
consummate ruse to prevent demoralization of troops, 110
withdrawal consummated, 112
its incidents and success, 112
comment of historian Botta, 113
labors without sleep for forty-eight hours while assembling the untrained army, 114
laconic notice of bad habits in officers and men, 114
describes the militia as “dismayed, intractable, and impatient to return home”, 114
notices periodical homesickness, 115
its contagious virulence before battle, 115
again demands a sufficient regular army, 115
denounces robbing orchards and gardens, 115
orders three daily roll-calls, to stop straggling, 115
writes Congress as to vacating the city, 115
advises Gov. Trumbull to deal with deserters, 116
generous response of Mass. and Conn, 116
describes the situation, 117
initiates retirement from the city, 119
denounces a panic at Kipp’s Bay, 119
his personal exposure to rally fugitives, 119
a mournful letter to Congress, 120
Edward Everett Hale’s account of the execution of Nathan Hale as a spy serving under Washington’s orders, 120
embezzlement by regimental surgeons, 123
offers reward for Hessian troopers and their horses, 126
his skirmishers successful, 126
outgenerals Howe and gains White Plains, 127
is joined by Greene and Lee 127
letter of Lee to Gates, censuring Washington, 127
operations at White Plains, 128
battle of Chatterton hill, 129
British preparations for attack, 129
retires to North Castle Heights, 129
advises Congress of Howe’s plans, 129
advises with Greene as to Fort Washington, 131
crosses into New Jersey, 131
orders Lee to follow, 131
so advises Gov. Trumbull, 131
writes forcibly to Congress, 131
judicious order in logistics, 131
boys or old men enlisted at officers’ risk, 131
warns Congress of certain invasion of New Jersey by Howe, 132
abandons Fort Lee, 133
enters upon his first New Jersey campaign, 133
a misnomer to call it simply a “masterly retreat”, 135
musters his army, 136
skirmishes with Cornwallis, 136
controls the Delaware river, 136
plans Dec. 5, to take the offensive, 137
notes the capture of Lee, 139
Sullivan takes Lee’s division, 139
other letters of Lee, 138–9
his powers enlarged by Congress, 140
places Philadelphia under military rule, 140
takes the aggressive, 143
battle of Trenton, with map, 144
“will drive the enemy from New Jersey”, 147
is clothed with dictatorial authority, 148
his response to Congress, 148
his motto, “Victory or death,” retained, 149
reoccupies Trenton, 152
awaits arrival of Cornwallis, 152
fights battle of Princeton (see map), 152
instructs officers having independent commands, 157
headquarters established at Morristown, 157
exercises with energy his enlarged powers, 157
his capacity for reprimand, 157
sternly rebukes Heath, 158
issues counter-proclamation to one by Howe, 158
review of his career by Botta, 160
base of operations established (see map), 161
appreciates Howe’s plans, 164
the second New Jersey campaign, 167
outgenerals Cornwallis, 169
learns of Burgoyne’s invasion, 171
replies to his proclamation, 172
tart correspondence with Gates, 174
prophetic letter to Schuyler, 175
detects Howe’s modified plan, 177
reaches Philadelphia, 183
triumphant march through the city, 184
takes position on the Brandywine, 185
battle of Brandywine, 187
its lesson, 191
reaches Philadelphia, 192
resumes the offensive, 194
attacks Germantown, 195
lesson from that battle, 197
operations along the Delaware, 200
sends Lafayette into New Jersey, 203
hostile attitude of Gates, 204
experience at Valley Forge, 206
pleads with Congress, 206
clock-work and army discipline similar, 206
sharply rebukes the Pennsylvania Assembly, 207
the Conway cabal, 207
French alliance proclaimed, 213
gives Lafayette an independent command, 215
a sharp letter to Lee, 217
follows Clinton, 224
increases Lafayette’s command, 225
advises Lafayette as to Lee, 228
advances to his support, 230
rallies the retreating army, 231
rebukes Lee on the field and takes command, 232
fights the battle of Monmouth, 233
European comments noticed, 234
Clinton escapes him to New York, 234
trial and sentence of Lee, 234
end of Lee’s career, 234
tradition as to profanity at Monmouth disproved, 235–7
at White Plains again, 237
watches D’Estaing, 240
“George Washington, Esqr.,” and Howe, 241
writes Sullivan at Newport, 242
warns him against Clinton, 244
suggests a timely retreat, 244
officially recognizes the hand of Providence, 246
removes to Fishkill, 247
assigns army divisions, 247–8
opinion of Bancroft cited, 250
visits Philadelphia, 250
writes Speaker Harrison as to corruption of the times, 250–1
social excesses of congressmen deplored, 251
opposes another expedition to Canada, 252
sacrifices his private fortune, 252
at New Windsor, 254
watches hostile demonstrations, 256
plans attack upon Stony Point, 257
its success as planned, 258
capture of Paulus Hook, 259
sends Sullivan to punish Indians, 259
honored by the Six Nations, 260–1
strengthens West Point, 261
his sublime faith, 264
his trials at Morristown, 265
postpones attack upon New York, 265
reorganization of the army imperatively necessary, 269
praises New Jersey promptness, 272
again appeals to Congress, 272–3
watches Clinton closely, 274
visited by Lafayette, just returned from France, 276
gives him a letter to President of Congress, 276
sends Southern troops southward, 277
the mutiny of troops gives him “infinite concern”, 277
outgenerals Knyphausen, 280
describes British movements, 280
new trials at hand, 281
outgenerals Clinton, 282
Battle of Springfield, 286
adroit appeal to governors at the North, 286
again threatens New York, 286
appreciated by Rochambeau, 287
assigns Arnold to West Point, 288
Arnold’s treason and the execution of André, 290
vindicates Mrs. Arnold, 291
takes post at Brakeness, 291
assigns Greene to West Point, 291
his outlook over the field, 294
his sympathy with the rank and file, 295
writes about American speculators in food, 296
appeals to Sullivan, then in Congress, 297
compares rolling small and large snowballs, 297
confers with Rochambeau, 297
writes Franklin of approaching victory, 298
reënforces Southern army, 299
temporary expedients denounced, 299
designates winter quarters, 300
addresses Southern governors, 301
places Greene in Gates’ place, 301
sends his best officers south, 303
his powers again enlarged, 304
as judged abroad, 305
“stay-at-homes” derided, 305
his “superhuman regard for man, as man”, 305
his relations to foreign officers, 305
treatment of Pennsylvania mutiny, 307
is judged by French generals, says Franklin, 308
individuality of the States, noticed, 308
keeps away from scene of mutiny, 309
elements of success in sight, and all plans matured, 313
his specific instructions to Greene, 313
his use of “pick and spade,” 313
writes Greene as to Cowpens, 316
is advised of Greene’s movements, 320
plans for capture of Arnold, 323
the war approaches its crisis, 324
writes Lafayette as to French support, 326
modifies Lafayette’s orders, 326
“never judges the past by after events”, 326
urges Schuyler to be Secretary of War, 328
startling extracts from his diary, 328
“chimney-corner patriots” denounced, 328
“venality, corruption and abuse of trust universal”, 329
indorses Lafayette’s strategy, 330
approves his action respecting Arnold, 332
confers again with Rochambeau at Wethersfield, 333
advances toward New York, 334
joined by French army, 335
sends out decoy letters and plans, 335
builds brick ovens in New Jersey, 336
reconnoitres Clinton’s outposts, 336–7
challenges Clinton to battle, 337
hears good news from Lafayette, 339
second report from Lafayette, 341
Lafayette ready for his arrival, 343
good news from Count de Grasse, 344
urges Northern governors to action, 345
swift messengers sent everywhere, 345
his finesse outwits Clinton, 346
visits West Point with Rochambeau, 347
abandons fixed headquarters, 347
allied armies in motion not missed by Clinton, 347
grand tidings from France, 348
enters Philadelphia, not yet missed by Clinton, 348
despatches from Lafayette received, 349
starts for Chesapeake Bay, 349
meets courier from Lafayette, 350
another courier arrives, 350
welcomed with Rochambeau at Baltimore, 351
visits Mt. Vernon with French officers as guests, 351
arrives at Lafayette’s headquarters, 351
his strategy noticed, 352–3
studies the position with care, 354
visits Count de Grasse, 356
fires the first gun before Yorktown, 357
siege pushed with vigor, 357
terms of surrender settled, 359
surrender consummated, 360
issues proclamation for Public Thanksgiving, 360
a grand parade of the entire army, 360
assigns Lafayette to a Southern expedition, 361
the expedition abandoned, 361
parts with Lafayette who returns to France, 361
retains Rochambeau in America until 1782, 361
his magnanimous treatment of the Queen’s Rangers, 362
still honored in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 362–3
triumphant entry into New York, 363
formally closes the war, 364
another Thanksgiving proclamation, 364
predicts a grand future for America, 365
his trust in Divine Providence emphasized, 366
tested by military art, 367
grounds of his faith in American destiny, 371
lessons from his career, 373
founds West Point Military Academy, 373
donates sites for National University, 374
his closing appeal to the American conscience, 374

Washington, Lawrence—brother of the Soldier; b. 1718, d. 1752.
educated in England, 1
in the British army, 1
his example and influence, 1, 4

Washington, Martha—wife of the Soldier; b. 1732, d. 1802;
her marriage (see also Custis), 8

Washington, Mary—mother of the Soldier; b. 1706, d. 1789.
her will-power, 4
her moral training, 5
their permanent effect in her son’s character, 5

Washington, William—colonel; b. 1752, d. 1810.
at Battle of Trenton, 142
captures two guns at Trenton, 145
wounded in the attempt, 145
at Cowpens, 314

Washington’s “Invincibles”, 105

Wayne, Anthony—maj.-gen.; b. Paoli, Pennsylvania, 1745, d. 1796.
attacks Hessian rear-guard in N.J., 169
at Battle of Brandywine, 186, 189
surprised at Paoli, 193
at Battle of Germantown, 195
with Lafayette at Monmouth, 226
powerless at time of mutiny, 307
joins Lafayette in Virginia, 341
makes a brilliant charge at Williamsburg, 341

Webster, Daniel—statesman and orator; b. 1782, d. 1852.
his opinion of General Schuyler, 37
his sublime ideal, “Union,” in prospect, 266

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley—Br. gen., sub. field marshal; b. 1769, d. 1852;
cited for comparison (Preface), viii

Wesley, John—eminent divine; b. 1703, d. 1791;
had visited America, 21

Whipple, Abraham—Am. naval officer; b. 1731, d. 1819;
cited as to Charleston, 274

Wilkinson, James—maj.-gen.; b. 1757, d. 1825.
with Lee at his capture, 138
at Battle of Trenton, 142
his interview with Washington, 142

Willett, Marinus—col.; b. 1744, d. 1826;
operates against the Onondagas near Syracuse, 252

Williams, James—Am. col.;
at King’s Mountain, and descendants honored, 293

Wilmington, N.C., visited by Sir Peter Parker, Cornwallis and Clinton, May 3, 1776, 97

Winthrop, Robert Charles—scholar, historian, statesman; b. 1809, d. 1894; gratefully remembered by the author (Preface), xiv
Note.—Mr. Winthrop delivered the oration at laying the corner-stone of the national Washington monument, at Washington, D.C., and also at its dedication.

Woman’s heroism in the Revolution, 285

Wooster, Daniel—maj.-gen.; b. 1711, d. 1777.
his military antecedents, 23
his subsequent career outlined, 38
in movement against Fort Independence, 157
at home with the Connecticut militia, 165
resigns his commission, 165
is mortally wounded, 166

Wright, Sir James—royal governor of Georgia; b. 1714, d. 1785, noticed, 29, 30

Wyoming Valley invaded by Indians, 249
summarily avenged, 252, 260

Yale College students resist Tryon’s invasion of New Haven, 256