Chap. XIX Of Their Women, Their Dispositions, Employments, Usage by Their Husbands, Their Apparell, and Modesty
To satisfie the curious eye of women-readers, who otherwise might thinke their sex forgotten, or not worthy a record, let them peruse these few lines, wherein they may see their owne happinesse, if weighed in the womans ballance of these ruder Indians, who scorne the tuterings of their wives, or to admit them as their equals, though their qualities and industrious deservings may justly claime the preheminence, and command better usage and more conjugall esteeme, their persons and features being every way correspondent, their qualifications more excellent, being more loving, pittifull, and modest, milde, provident, and laborious than their lazie husbands. Their employments be many: First their building of houses, whose frames are formed like our garden-arbours, something more round, very strong and handsome, covered with close-wrought mats of their owne weaving, which deny entrance to any drop of raine, though it come both fierce and long, neither can the piercing North winde finde a crannie, through which he can conveigh his cooling breath, they be warmer than our English houses; at the top is a square hole for the smoakes evacuation, which in rainy weather is covered with a pluver; these bee such smoakie dwellings, that when there is good fires, they are not able to stand upright, but lie all along under the smoake, never using any stooles or chaires, it being as rare to see an Indian sit on a stoole at home, as it is strange to see an English man sit on his heeles abroad. Their houses are smaller in the Summer, when their families be dispersed, by reason of heate and occasions. In Winter they make some fiftie or threescore foote long, fortie or fiftie men being inmates under one roofe; and as is their husbands occasion these poore tectonists are often troubled like snailes, to carrie their houses on their backs sometime to fishing-places, other times to hunting-places, after that to a planting place, where it abides the longest: an other work is their planting of corne, wherein they exceede our English husband-men, keeping it so cleare with their Clamme shell-hooes, as if it were a garden rather than a corne-field, not suffering a choaking weede to advance his audacious head above their infant corne, or an undermining worme to spoile his spurnes. Their corne being ripe, they gather it, and drying it hard in the Sunne, conveigh it to their barnes, which be great holes digged in the ground in forme of a brasse pot, seeled with rinds of trees, wherein they put their corne, covering it from the inquisitive search of their gurmandizing husbands, who would eate up both their allowed portion, and reserved feede, if they knew where to finde it. But our hogges having found a way to unhindge their barne doores, and robbe their garners, they are glad to implore their husbands helpe to roule the bodies of trees over their holes, to prevent those pioners, whose theeverie they as much hate as their flesh. An other of their employments is their Summer processions to get Lobsters for their husbands, wherewith they baite their hookes when they goe a fishing for Basse or Codfish. This is an every dayes walke, be the weather cold or hot, the waters rough or calme, they must dive sometimes over head and eares for a Lobster, which often shakes them by their hands with a churlish nippe, and bids them adiew. The tide being spent, they trudge home two or three miles, with a hundred weight of Lobsters at their backs, and if none, a hundred scoules meete them at home, and a hungry belly for two dayes after. Their husbands having caught any fish, they bring it in their boates as farre as they can by water, and there leave it; as it was their care to catch it, so it must be their wives paines to fetch it home, or fast: which done, they must dresse it and cooke it, dish it, and present it, see it eaten over their shoulders; and their loggerships having filled their paunches, their sweete lullabies scramble for their scrappes. In the Summer these Indian women when Lobsters be in their plenty and prime, they drie them to keepe for Winter, erecting scaffolds in the hot sun-shine, making fires likewise underneath them, by whose smoake the flies are expelled, till the substance remain hard and drie. In this manner they drie Basse and other fishes without salt, cutting them very thinne to dry suddainely, before the flies spoile them, or the raine moist them, having a speciall care to hang them in their smoakie houses, in the night and dankish weather.
In Summer they gather flagges, of which they make Matts for houses, and Hempe and Rushes, with dying stuffe of which they make curious baskets with intermixed colours and portractures of antique Imagerie: these baskets be of all sizes from a quart to a quarter, in which they carry their luggage. In winter time they are their husbands Caterers, trudging to the Clamm bankes for their belly timber, and their Porters to lugge home their Venison which their lazinesse exposes to the Woolves till they impose it upon their wives shoulders. They likewise sew their husbands shooes, and weave coates of Turkie feathers, besides all their ordinary household drudgerie which daily lies upon them, so that a bigge bellie hinders no businesse, nor a childebirth takes much time, but the young Infant being greased and sooted, wrapt in a Beaver skin, bound to his good behaviour with his feete up to his bumme, upon a board two foote long and one foot broade, his face exposed to all nipping weather; this little Pappouse travells about with his bare footed mother to paddle in the Icie Clammbankes after three or foure dayes of age have sealed his passeboard and his mothers recoverie. For their carriage it is very civill, smiles being the greatest grace of their mirth; their musick is lullabies to quiet their children, who generally are as quiet as if they had neither spleene or lungs. To heare one of these Indians unseene, a good eare might easily mistake their untaught voyce for the warbling of a well tuned instrument. Such command have they of their voices. These womens modesty drives them to weare more cloathes than their men, having alwayes a coate of cloath or skinnes wrapt like a blanket about their loynes, reaching downe to their hammes which they never put off in company. If a husband have a minde to sell his wives Beaver petticote, as sometimes he doth, shee will not put it off untill shee have another to put on: commendable is their milde carriage and obedience to their husbands, notwithstanding all this their customarie churlishnesse and savage inhumanitie, not seeming to delight in frownes or offering to word it with their lords, not presuming to proclaime their female superiority to the usurping of the least title of their husbands charter, but rest themselves content under their helplesse condition, counting it the womans portion: since the English arrivall comparison hath made them miserable, for seeing the kind usage of the English to their wives, they doe as much condemne their husbands for unkindnesse, and commend the English for their love. As their husbands commending themselves for their wit in keeping their wives industrious, doe condemne the English for their folly in spoyling good working creatures. These women resort often to the English houses, where pares cum paribus congregatæ, in Sex I meane, they do somewhat ease their miserie by complaining and seldome part without a releefe: If her husband come to seeke for his Squaw and beginne to bluster, the English woman betakes her to her armes which are the warlike Ladle, and the scalding liquors, threatning blistering to the naked runnaway, who is soone expelled by such liquid comminations. In a word to conclude this womans historie, their love to the English hath deserved no small esteeme, ever presenting them some thing that is either rare or desired, as Strawberries, Hurtleberries, Rasberries, Gooseberries, Cherries, Plummes, Fish, and other such gifts as their poore treasury yeelds them. But now it may be, that this relation of the churlish and inhumane behaviour of these ruder Indians towards their patient wives, may confirme some in the beliefe of an aspersion, which I have often heard men cast upon the English there, as if they should learne of the Indians to use their wives in the like manner, and to bring them to the same subjection, as to sit on the lower hand, and to carrie water, and the like drudgerie: but if my owne experience may out-ballance an ill-grounded scandalous rumour, I doe assure you, upon my credit and reputation, that there is no such matter, but the women finde there as much love, respect, and ease, as here in old England. I will not deny, but that some poore people may carrie their owne water, and doe not the poorer sort in England doe the same, witnesse your London Tankerd-bearers, and your countrie-cottagers? But this may well be knowne to be nothing, but the rancorous venome of some that beare no good will to the plantation. For what neede they carrie water, seeing every one hath a Spring at his doore, or the Sea by his house? Thus much for the satisfaction of women, touching this entrenchment upon their prerogative, as also concerning the relation of these Indian Squawes.
Because many have desired to heare some of the Natives Language, I have here inserted a small Nomenclator, with the Names of their chiefe Kings, Rivers, Moneths, and dayes, whereby such as have in-sight into the Tongues, may know to what Language it is most inclining; and such as desire it as an unknowne Language onely, may reape delight, if they can get no profit.
| A | |
| Aberginian | an Indian |
| Abbamocho | the divell |
| Aunum | a dogge |
| Ausupp | a Rackoone |
| Au so hau nauc hoc | Lobstar |
| Assawog | will you play |
| A saw upp | to morrow |
| Ascoscoi | greene |
| Ausomma petuc quanocke | give me some bread |
| Appepes naw aug | when I see it I will tell you my minde |
| Anno ke nugge | a sieve |
| An nu ocke | a bed |
| Autchu wompocke | to day |
| Appause | the morne |
| Ascom quom pauputchim | thankes be given to God. |
| B | |
| Boquoquo | the head |
| Bisquant | the shoulderbones |
| C | |
| Chesco kean | you lye |
| Commouton kean | you steale |
| Cram | to kill |
| Chicka chava | osculari podicem |
| Cowimms | sleepes |
| Cocam | the navell |
| Cos | the nailes |
| Conomma | a spoone |
| Cossaquot | bow and arrowes |
| Cone | the Sunne |
| Cotattup | I drinke to you |
| Coetop | will you smoake Tobaco |
| Connucke semmona | It is almost night |
| Connu | good night to you |
| Cowompaum sin | God morrow |
| Coepot | ice |
| D | |
| Dottaguck | the backe bone |
| Docke taugh he necke | what is your name |
| E | |
| Et chossucke | a knife |
| Eat chumnis | Indian corne |
| Eans causuacke | 4 fathomes |
| Easu tommoc quocke | halfe a skin of Beaver |
| Epimetsis | much good may your meate doe you |
| F is not used. | |
| G | |
| Gettoquasit | the great toe |
| Genehuncke | the fore finger |
| Gettoquacke | the knees |
| Gettoquun | the knuckles |
| Gettoquan | the thumb |
| Gegnewaw og | let me see |
| H | |
| Haha | yes |
| Hoc | the body |
| Hamucke | almost |
| Hub hub hub | come come come |
| Haddo quo dunna moquonash | where did you buy that |
| Haddogoe weage | who lives here |
| I | |
| Isattonaneise | the bread |
| Icattop | faint with hunger |
| Icattoquam | very sleepie |
| K | |
| Kean | I |
| Keisseanchacke | backe of the hand |
| Ksitta | It hurts me |
| Kawkenog wampompeage | let me see money |
| Kagmatcheu | will you eate meate |
| Ketottug | a whetstone |
| Kenie | very sharpe |
| Kettotanese | lend me monie |
| Kekechoi | much paine |
| L is not used. | |
| M | |
| Matchet | It is naught |
| Mattamoi | to die |
| Mitchin | meat |
| Misquantum | very angrie |
| Mauncheake | be gonne |
| Matta | no |
| Meseig | haire |
| Mamanock | the eye brows |
| Matchanne | the nose |
| Mattone | the lippes |
| Mepeiteis | the teeth |
| Mattickeis | the shoulders |
| Mettosowset | the little toe |
| Metosaunige | the little finger |
| Misquish | the veines |
| Mohoc | the wast |
| Menisowhock | the genitals |
| Mocossa | the black of the naile |
| Matchanni | very sicke |
| Monacus | bowes and arrowes |
| Manehops | sit downe |
| Monakinne | a coate |
| Mawcus sinnus | a paire of shooes |
| Matchemauquot | it stinketh |
| Muskana | a bone |
| Menota | a basket |
| Meatchis | be merrie |
| Mawpaw | it snowes |
| Mawnaucoi | very strong |
| Mutchecu | a very poore man |
| Monosketenog | whats this |
| Mouskett | the breech |
| Matchet wequon | very blunt |
| Matta ka tau caushana | will you not trade |
| Mowhacheis | Indian gold |
| N | |
| Nuncompees | a boy |
| Nicke squaw | a maide |
| Nean | you |
| Nippe | water |
| Nasamp | pottadge |
| Nota | sixe |
| Nisquan | the elbow |
| Noenaset | the third toe |
| Nahenan | a Turkie |
| Niccone | a blacke bird |
| Naw naunidge | the middle finger |
| Napet | the arme |
| Nitchicke | the hand |
| Nottoquap | the skinne |
| Nogcus | the heart |
| Nobpaw nocke | the breast bone |
| Nequaw | the thighes |
| Netop | a friend |
| Nenmia | give me |
| Noeicantop | how doe you |
| Nawhaw nissis | farewell |
| Noei pauketan | by and by kill |
| Nenetah ha | Ile fight with you |
| Noei comquocke | a codfish |
| Nepaupe | stand by |
| No ottut | a great journie |
| Necautauh han | no such matter |
| Noewamma | he laugheth |
| Noeshow | a father |
| Nitka | a mother |
| Netchaw | a brother |
| Notonquous | a kinseman |
| Nenomous | a kinswoman |
| Nau mau nais | my sonne |
| Naunais | my daughter |
| No einshom | give me corne |
| Nemnis | take it |
| Nenimma nequitta ta auchu | give me a span of any thing. |
| Nees nis ca su acke | 2 fathome |
| Notchumoi | a little strong |
| Negacawgh hi | lend me |
| Nebuks quam | adiew |
| Noe winyah | come in |
| Naut seam | much wearie |
| Noe wammaw ause | I love you |
| Net noe whaw missu | a man of a middle stature |
| O | |
| Ottucke | a Deere |
| Occone | a Deere skinne |
| Oqnan | the heele |
| Ottump | a bow |
| Ottommaocke | Tobacco |
| Ottannapeake | the chinne |
| Occotucke | the throate |
| Occasu | halfe a quarter |
| Onquagh saw au | you are cunning |
| Ontoquos | a Wolfe |
| P | |
| Pow-wow | a conjurer or wizard |
| Petta sinna | give me a pipe of Tobaco |
| Pooke | Colts-foote |
| Pappouse | a child |
| Petucquanocke | bread |
| Picke | a pipe |
| Ponesanto | make a fire |
| Papowne | winter |
| Pequas | a Foxe |
| Pausochu | a little journie |
| Peamissin | a little |
| Peacumshis | worke hard |
| Pokitta | smoake |
| Petogge | a bagge |
| Paucasu | a quarter |
| Pausawniscosu | halfe a fathome |
| Peunctaumocke | much pray |
| Pesissu | a little man |
| Pauseptssoi | the sunne is rising |
| Pouckshaa | it is broken |
| Poebugketaas | you burne |
| Poussu | a big bellied woman |
| Q | |
| Quequas nummos | what cheare |
| Quequas nim | it is almost day |
| Quog quosh | make haste |
| Quenobpuuncke | a stoole |
| Quenops | be quiet |
| R is never used. | |
| S | |
| Sagamore | a king |
| Sachem | idem |
| Sannup | a man |
| Squaw | a woman |
| Squitta | a fire sparke |
| Suggig | a Basse |
| Seasicke | a rattle snake |
| Shannucke | a Squerill |
| Skesicos | the eyes |
| Sickeubecke | the necke |
| Supskinge | the wrist bones |
| Socottocanus | the breast bone |
| Squehincke | blood |
| Siccaw quant | the hammes |
| Sis sau causke | the shinnes |
| Suppiske | ancle bones |
| Seat | the foote |
| Seaseap | a ducke |
| Suckis suacke | a Clam |
| Sequan | the summer |
| Soekepup | he will bite |
| Sis | come out |
| Squi | red |
| Swanscaw suacko | 3 fathomes |
| Sawawampeage | very weake |
| Succomme | I will eate you |
| Sasketupe | a great man |
| T | |
| Taubut nean hee | Thankes heartily |
| Tantacum | beate him |
| Tap in | goe in |
| Titta | I cannot tell |
| Tahanyah | what newes |
| Tonagus | the eares |
| Tannicke | a cranie |
| Thaw | the calfe of the leg |
| Tahaseat | the sole of the foote |
| Tasseche quonunck | the insteppe |
| Tonokete naum | whither goe you |
| Tannissin may | which is the way |
| Tunketappin | where live you |
| Tonocco wam | where have you bin |
| Tasis | a paire of stockings |
| Tockucke | a hatchet |
| Towwow | a sister |
| Tom maushew | a husband |
| Tookesin | enough sleepe |
| Titto kean Icatoquam | doe you nod and sleepe |
| Tau kequam | very heavie |
| Taub coi | it is very cold |
| V | |
| Vkepemanous | the breast bone |
| Vnkesheto | will you trucke |
| W | |
| Wampompeage | Indian money |
| Winuet | very good |
| Web | a wife |
| Wigwam | a house |
| Wawmott | enough |
| Whenan | the tongue |
| Whauksis | a Foxe |
| Wawpatucke | a Goose |
| Wawpiske | the bellie |
| Whoe nuncke | a ditch |
| Wappinne | the wind |
| Wawtom | understand you |
| Wompey | white |
| Wa aoy | the sunne is downe |
| Waacoh | the day breakes |
| Wekemawquot | it smells sweete |
| Weneikinne | it is very handsome |
| Whissu hochuck | the kettle boyleth |
| Waawnew | you have lost your way |
| Woenaunta | it is a warme summer |
| Wompoca | to morrow |
| Wawmauseu | an honest man |
| Weneicu | a rich man |
| Weitagcone | a cleere day |
| Wawnauco | yesterday |
| X never used | |
| Y | |
| Yeips | sit downe |
| Yaus | the sides |
| Yaugh | there |
| Yough yough | now |
| Yoakes | lice |
The number of 20.
| A quit | 1 |
| Nees | 2 |
| Nis | 3 |
| Yoaw | 4 |
| Abbona | 5 |
| Ocqinta | 6 |
| Enotta | 7 |
| Sonaske | 8 |
| Assaquoquin | 9 |
| Piocke | 10 |
| Apponna qiut | 11 |
| Apponees | 12 |
| Apponis | 13 |
| Appoyoaw | 14 |
| Apponabonna | 15 |
| Apponaquinta | 16 |
| Apponenotta | 17 |
| Apponsonaske | 18 |
| Apponasquoquin | 19 |
| Neenisschicke | 20 |
The Indians count their time by nights, and not by dayes, as followeth.
| Sawup | 1 sleepes |
| Isoqunnocquock | 2 sleepes |
| Sucqunnocquocke | 3 sleepes |
| Yoawqunnocquock | 4 sleepes |
| Abonetta ta sucquanocquock | 5 sleepes |
| Nequitta ta sucqunnocquock | 6 sleepes |
| Enotta ta sucqunnocquock | 7 sleepes |
| Soesicta sucqunnocquock | 8 sleepes |
| Pausaquoquin sucqunnocquock | 9 sleepes |
| Pawquo qunnocquock | 10 sleepes |
How they call their Moneths.
| A quit-appause | 1 moneths |
| Nees-appause | 2 moneths |
| Nis-appause | 3 moneths |
| Yoaw appause | 4 moneths |
| Abonna appause | 5 moneths |
| Nequit appause | 6 moneths |
| Enotta appause | 7 moneths |
| Sonaske appause | 8 moneths |
| Assaquoquin appause | 9 moneths |
| Piocke appause | 10 moneths |
| Appona quit appause | 11 moneths |
| Appon nees appause | 12 moneths |
| Appon nis appause | 13 moneths |
| Appon yoaw appause | 14 moneths |
| Nap nappona appause | 15 moneths |
| Nap napocquint appause | 16 moneths |
| Nap nap enotta appause | 17 moneths |
| Napsoe sicke appause | 18 moneths |
| Nappawsoquoquin appause | 19 moneths |
| Neesnischicke appause | 20 moneths |
| Neesnischicke appon a quit appause | 21 moneths |
| Neesnischicke apponees appause | 22 moneths |
| Neesnischick apponis appause | 23 moneths |
| Neesnischick appo yoaw appause | 24 moneths |
The names of the Indians as they be divided into severall Countries.
Tarrenteens
Churchers
Aberginians
Narragansets
Pequants
Nipnets
Connectacuts
Mowhacks
The Names of Sagamores.
| Woenohaquahham | Anglice King Iohn |
| Montowompate | Anglice King Iames |
| Mausquonomend | Igowam Sagamore |
| Chickkcatawbut | Naponset Sagamore |
| Canonicus | Narraganset Sagamore |
| Osomeagen | Sagamore of the Pequants |
| Kekut | Petchutacut Sagamore |
| Nassawwhonan | Two Sagamores of Nipust. |
| Woesemagen | |
| Pissacannua | A Sagamore and most noted Nigromancer. |
| Sagamores to the East and North-east, bearing rule amongst the Churchers and Tarrenteens. | |
| Nepawhamis | Nannopounacund |
| Asteco | Nattonanite |
| Assotomowite | Noenotchuock |
The names of the noted Habitations.
| Anglice. | |
| Merrimack | |
| Igowam | |
| Igoshaum | |
| Chobocco | |
| Nahumkeake | Salem |
| Saugus | |
| Swampscot | |
| Nahant | |
| Winnisimmet | |
| Mishaum | |
| Mishaumut | Charles towne |
| Massachusets | Boston |
| Mistick | |
| Pigsgusset | Water towne |
| Naponset | |
| Matampan | Dorchester |
| Pawtuxet | Plymouth |
| Wessaguscus | |
| Conihosset | |
| Mannimeed | |
| Soewampset | |
| Situate | |
| Amuskeage | |
| Pemmiquid | |
| Saketehoc | |
| Piscataqua | |
| Cannibek | |
| Penopscot | |
| Pantoquid | |
| Nawquot | |
| Musketoquid | |
| Nipnet | |
| Whawcheusets |
At what places be Rivers of note.
Cannibec River
Merrimacke River
Tchobocco River
Saugus River
Mistick River
Mishaum River
Naponset River
Wessaguscus River
Luddams Foard
Narragansets River
Musketoquid River
Hunniborne River
Connectacut River
FINIS