Index
INDEX
Addison, Spectator, quoted on salt spoon, 153
Alphabets of London date marks (1598-1835), 359-385
American silversmiths, 47
Anathema Cup, the (1481), Pembroke College, 90, 94
Apostle spoons, list of apostles with their emblems, 183;
prices, 187, 193
Assay offices, early, 27;
eighteenth century, 28
Basket work in silver, 276, 282;
bread and cake baskets, 293
Beaker, the Stuart, 119;
illustrations of the, 121
“Beer Lane,” engraving by Hogarth, 132
Bell-shaped salt cellar, illustrated, 147
Below the salt, table customs, 141
Birmingham Marks illustrated, 398, 399
Bodington, John, silversmith (1697), 216
Bowl, plum broth (1697), illustrated, 217
Boxes for sugar, 261
Bread-basket, the, 293
Britannia mark, forgeries of, 220
Britannia mark, when found on silver, 51;
used when silver is not higher standard, 58, 61
Buck, Jonathan, silversmith, Cork, specimen illustrated, 339
Busfield, William, silversmith, York, 113
Caddy spoons, 194
Cake basket, the, 293
Candle holders, part of centre-pieces, 276
Candlestick, brass, seventeenth-century, illustrated, 129
Candlesticks, silver—
Charles II examples illustrated, 227
Early eighteenth-century examples illustrated, 231
Early Stuart type, 225
Lambeth delft example (1648) illustrated, 223
Sheffield example (1782) illustrated, 235
Casters, 271-276
Casters illustrated—
George II (Exeter), 273
Group (Queen Anne and George III), 277
Irish (1699), 331
Scottish (1746), 317
William III and Queen Anne, 269
Catherine of Braganza popularizes tea-drinking, 254
Centre-piece, the, 276
Chalice, the, Elizabethan forms, 73, 74;
the Exeter pattern, 73
Charles I statue, Charing Cross, its secret burial, 107
Charles II and Lord Mayor, piquant story of, 44
Chester Marks illustrated, 395
Chronological List of Specimens Illustrated—
Henry VII
(1485-1509)1490Mazer, 87 1499Leigh Cup, Mercers’ Company, 91 1500Hour-glass standing salt, 143 Elizabeth
(1558-1603)1570Stoneware jug with silver mounts, 95 1572Flagon, 105 1572Chalice and cover, 67 1573Chalice and cover, 71 1575Chalice and cover, 67 1585Standing cup and cover, 95 1599Flagon, 105 1601Bell-shaped salt cellar, 147 James I
(1603-1625)1606Beaker, 121 c. 1620Tall wine cup (no date letter), 125 Charles I
(1625-1649)1631Wine cup, 129 1631Beaker, 121 1637Candlestick, 223 1638Salt cellar, Mercers’ Company, 151 1640Chalice and cover, 71 1648Apostle spoon (St. Andrew), 185 Commonwealth
(1649-1660)1651Spoon, slipped in the stalk, 181 1652Spoon, seal-top, 185 1653Porringer, 197 1660Spoon, Puritan, 181 Charles II
(1660-1685)1660Cup, 75 1662Posset-cup and cover, 197 1665Spoon, flat stem, 181 1665Wine cup, 129 1666Porringer, 201 1669Porringer, 197 1670Teapot, 243 1671Beaker, 121 1672Porringer, 209 1673Candlesticks, 227 1674Apostle spoon (St. Simon Zelotes), Exeter, 189 1677Pepys standing cup, 99 1679Spoon, lobed end, 189 1679Tankard, 111 1679Caudle cup and cover, 201 1679Octagonal salt cellar (Mercers’ Company), 155 1680Patens, 79 1682Snuffers and tray, 231 1683Posset-pot and cover, 205 1684Tankards (York), 111 1685Posset-pot and cover, 213 William III
(1689-1702)1692Flagons, 75 1694Loving-cup (Cork), 331 1697Dish and ladle, 217 1699Caster (Dublin), 331 1701Caster, 269 1701Tankard, 111 Anne
(1702-1714)1702Spoon trefoil top, rat’s-tail (Exeter), 189 1702Lavabo bowl, 79 1703Spoon, trefoil top (Newcastle), 185 1703Spoon, trefoil top, 185 1704Candlestick, 231 1704“Monteith” punch-bowl, 135 1705Tankard (Exeter), 115 1705Scottish quaich, 313 1706Candlestick (Exeter), 231 1707Porringer (Exeter), 209 1712Caster, 269 1712Trencher salt cellar, 165 1714Paten (Exeter), 79 George I
(1714-1727)1718Tea-caddy (Exeter), 259 1721Candlestick, 231 1726Cream-jug, 305 George II
(1727-1760)1728Caster (Exeter), 273 1729Small communion cup and cover, 81 1730Tea-caddy, 259 1730Coffee-pot, 255 1730Trencher salt cellar, 165 1733Mug (Exeter), 117 1736Jug, helmet-shaped, 301 1737Coffee-pot (Newcastle), 243 1740Centre-piece (Dublin), 335 1740Cream-jug (Dublin), 339 1741Coffee-pot, Frontispiece 1745Teapot, 247 1746Kettle and stand, 251 1746Caster (Edinburgh), 317 1747Caster, 277 1748Tankard (Exeter), 117 1758Trencher salt cellar, 165 1760Tea-caddies and sugar box, 263 1760Irish potato-ring, Design on cover of volume
[Transcriber's Note: The design did not appear on the cover of this edition.] 1740-1775Bread-baskets, 289 George III
(1760-1820)1760Caster, 277 1761Centre-piece, 279 1761Cake-basket, 291 1764Cream-jug, 305 1764Cream-jug (Cork), 339 1765Circular salt cellar with club feet, 165 1769Salt cellar with glass liner, 167 1769Coffee-pot (Edinburgh), 321 1770Cream-pail (Dublin), 343 1771Salt cellar, perforated work, 173 1771Caster, 277 1773Sugar-bowl, 283 1775Coffee-pot, 255 1775Tea-caddy, 259 1775Centre-piece, 279 1776Cream-pail, 285 1778Tea-urn (Edinburgh), 325 1779Cream-jug, 305 1780Cream-jug, 305 1781-1790Salt cellars, tureen form, 171 1782Candlestick (Sheffield), 235 1782Cream-pail, 285 1784Tea-caddy, 259 1785Salt cellar, circular, 165 1785Salt cellar with glass liner, 167 1786Salt cellar, cloven-hoof feet, 167 1786Sugar-bowl, 285 1789Salt cellar with club feet, 167 1789Salt cellar, circular, 171 1790Cream-jug, 309 1790Mug (Edinburgh), 313 1791-1797Salt cellar, boat-shaped, 171 1790-1800Coffee-pots and teapots, 255 1800Cream-jug, 309 1803Salt cellar, washing tub form, 173 1804Cream-jug, 309 1809Cream-jug, 309 1810Salt cellar, Pompeian design, 173 George IV
(1820-1830)1818Salt cellar, tureen form, 173 William IV
(1830-1837)1832Salt cellar, circular, 173
Classic influence, when at its height, 287
Clipped coins called in, panic in 1696, 57
Coffee-drinking, women’s petition to Parliament, 245
Coffee-pots, 250
Coffee-pots illustrated—
George II (1741), Frontispiece
Group George II and George III, 255
Newcastle (1737), 243
Scottish (1769), 321
Coin clipping, attempt to stamp out, 52
Coiners, heavy penalties for, 53
Communion cup and cover (Exeter), 78
Copper tokens, seventeenth century, with goldsmith’s name, 44
Cork Marks illustrated, 409
Cream-jug, the, 303
Cream-pail, the, 288
Cups, standing, 90
Date letters of London Assay Office (1598-1835), 359-385
Date marks, eccentricities of alphabets, 36;
explanation of, 34-39
Delft salt cellars, Lambeth, Rouen, illustrated, 161
Dish, plum broth (1697), illustrated, 217
Dish ring or stand, Irish, 342
“Dollar” found on Irish silver, 334
Dollars, Spanish, legal tender with head of George III stamped on them, 337
Dryden receives bad coins from his publisher, 54
Dublin Marks illustrated, 409
Dutch silver—brandy cup in form like quaich, 316
Duty mark, the, explanation of, 60
Ecclesiastical plate, 65-78
Edinburgh Marks illustrated, 405
Edinburgh tea-table customs, 303
Earthenware emulating silver, 169, 249, 262, 294
East India Company, teapot presented to, 241;
import of tea and teapots by, 249
Eighteenth-century Assay Offices, 28
Eighteenth-century beverages, 253;
salt cellars, types of, 157
Elizabethan flagons, 107
Elston, John, silversmith, Exeter, 78
Exeter Marks illustrated, 81, 115, 117, 209, 273, 391
Exeter silver plate illustrated—
Chalices, Elizabethan, 67, 71;
Charles I, 71
Communion cup, George II, 81
Mug, George III, 117
Spoons, 189
Tankard, Queen Anne, 115;
George II, 117
Flagons, sixteenth-century, 107
Flaxman, John, teapot designed by, 250
Foreign mark, the, 62
Forgeries, 220
Fraud, cutting out old marks, 275
Fraud, possibilities of, in marks, 63, 359
French influence in late eighteenth century, 287
Gamble, Ellis, goldsmith, master of Hogarth, his shop card, 45
Gibson, George, silversmith, York, 113
“Gin Street,” engraving by Hogarth, 132
Glasgow Marks illustrated, 405
Glasgow silver. Marks, 404;
quaich (1665) illustrated, 313
Glassworker, designs of the, utilized in silver, 212
Goble, Robert, silversmith, Cork, specimen illustrated, 331;
marks illustrated, 409
Goldsmiths’ Company, London, early power of, 26;
the true function of, 35;
salt cellars in possession of, 146
Hall-marks, explanation of, 25-30
Hall-marks of various Assay Offices, 28
Handle, the, of posset-pot and porringer, 207
Hanway, Jonas, condemns tea, 254
Harp handles in Irish silver, 338;
cup illustrated, 331
Hibernia, figure of, as a mark, 33, 334
Higher standard mark, explanation of, 49-59
Hogarth, William, apprenticed to goldsmith, 45;
his satires on drinking, 132
House of Commons Select Committee on Hall-marking of Plate, 25, 27, 153
Hour-glass form of salt cellar illustrated, 143
Individuality of craftsmen’s work extinguished, 43
Initials of makers, 43
Innholders’ Company salt cellars, 146
Ions, I., silversmith, Exeter, 74
Irish goldsmiths, 47
Irish makers’ names, 345, 346
Irish plate illustrated—
Caster, 331
Centre-piece, 335
Cream-jugs, 339
Cream-pail, 343
Loving-cup, 331
Potato-ring, Cover of volume
Irish silver, 329
Irish standard mark, 33
Irish towns where silver was wrought, 337
Jug, stoneware (1570), with silver mounts, 101
Lambeth delft salt cellar, 163
Lamerie, Paul de, mark illustrated, 251
Lantern-shaped teapot (1670) illustrated, 243
Lavabo bowl illustrated, 79
Leigh standing cup, the, 93
“Lima” found on George II gold coins, 337
Lion’s head erased mark, when found on silver, 51
Locke, “Further Considerations Concerning the Raising the Value of Money,” 55
London hall-marks—
Marks illustrated, 129, 135, 197, 205, 217, 231, 251, 269, 291, 349-385
Table of date letters (1598-1835), 351-355
Table showing differences in shapes of shields, 357
Longfellow: poem on Paul Revere, silversmith, 48
Louis Seize style in table ornaments, 287
Loving-cup, the, and its ceremonial, 94
Lowndes’ “Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins,” 53, 55
Lustre ware (Staffordshire) emulating silver, 249
Makers’ marks, explanation of, 40
Makers’ names, Irish silver, list of, 345, 346
Marks illustrated—
Birmingham, 399
Chester, 395
Cork, 409
Dublin, 409
Edinburgh, 405
Exeter, 391
Glasgow, 405
London, 351-385
Newcastle, 399
Norwich, 395
Sheffield, 399
York, 395
Marks on silver—a trade secret, 38
Marks stamped on silver, various, 23-63
Marks, the position of, as stamped on silver, 359;
to prevent fraud, 275;
used by various assay offices, 29;
where placed on spoons, 193
Mazer, the fifteenth century, 86
Mercers’ Company, Leigh Cup (1499) illustrated, 91
Monteith punch-bowl illustrated, 135
Mordaunt, Charles, Earl of Peterborough, 134
Morgan, Octavius, his pioneer work on marks, 38
Mug, the, 119
Newcastle-on-Tyne, date letters employed at, 36, 37;
illustrated, 397-399
Newcastle-on-Tyne silver plate illustrated—
Coffee-pot, 243
Spoon, 185
Nineteenth century, early, types of salt cellars, 157
Norwich Corporation salt cellar, 149
Norwich mark illustrated, 395
Norwich silver plate illustrated—
Tall wine cup, 125
Paten, the, its form, 69
Pepys, Samuel, buries his silver plate at Bethnal Green, 127
Pepys standing cup and cover, the, 101
Peterborough, Earl of, his exploits, 134
Peterson, Peter, silversmith, Norwich, 123
Provincial Assay Offices reappointed, 50
Provincial offices ceased marking silver for five years, 29, 50
Porcelain teapots the prototypes of silver, 246, 249
Porringer, the, 195-220
“Portobello,” found on English silver coins, 334
Posset-pot, the, 195-220
Posset-pot, sixteenth-century Exeter College, Oxford, 203
Potato-ring, Irish, 342
Potter, the eighteenth-century, and the silversmith, 169, 249, 262, 294
Pottery, seventeenth-century example of posset-cup, 211
Prices—
Beakers, 137
Candlesticks, 229, 237
Casters, 297
Coffee-pots, 262
Cream-jugs, 308
Cups, standing, 137
Dish rings, 346
Elizabethan jug, 101
Goblets, 138
Irish silver, 346
Jug, stoneware, silver mounts, 101
Loving-cups, 137
Mazers, 89
“Monteith,” 138
Porringers, 219, 220
Posset-pots, 219
Potato-rings, 346
Punch-bowls, 138
Quaich, 320
Salt cellars, 145, 149, 159, 170, 175
Spoons, apostle, 187, 193;
caddy, 194;
seal-top, 194
Standing cups, 137
Sugar-bowls, 297
Tankards, 137
Tea-caddies, 261, 265
Tea-kettles, 265
Teapots, 265
Wine cups, 138
Punch-bowl, the, 128
Punch-bowl, historic American, 47
Puritans, destruction of objects of art by, 70
Quaich, the Scottish, 316
Queen Anne forgeries posset-pots, 220
Radcliff, J. R., silversmith, Exeter, 74
Revere, Paul, celebrated American silversmith, 48
Richards, Edmund, silversmith, Exeter, 216
Ring, potato or dish, Irish, 342
Romer, Edward, silversmith, 294
Salt cellars, 139;
classified list of types, 154, 157
Salt cellars—
Norwich Corporation, 149
Christ’s College, Cambridge, 158;
illustrated, 143
Clothworkers’ Company, 146
Goldsmiths’ Company, 146
Ironmongers’ Company, 146
Innholders’ Company, 146
Mercers’ Company, 159;
illustrated, 151, 155
Skinners’ Company, 146
Vintners’ Company, 146
Scott, Sir Walter, quoted as to tea-leaves, 304
Scottish silver, 311-327
Scottish silver plate illustrated—
Caster, 317
Coffee-pot, 321
Mug, 313
Quaich, 313
Tea-urn, 327
Scottish standard mark, 35
Seventeenth-century tankards, 110
Shapes of shields, differences in, table showing, 357
Sheffield Marks illustrated, 398, 399
Sheffield “silver plated” or silver plate, definition, 234
Sheffield silver plate illustrated—
Candlestick, 235
Shields, table showing differences in London Hall-marks, 357
Shute, William, silversmith, marks illustrated, 361
Silver mountings for wood vessels, 86;
for earthenware, 86, 98, 101, 109
Skinners’ Company salt cellars, 146
Somerset House, the battle of, 107
Spanish dollars legal tender with head of George III stamped on them, 337
Spoons—
Apostle, 180, 183;
illustrated, 185, 189;
prices, 187
Fiddle pattern, 192
Flat stem, 188;
illustrated, 181
Maidenhead, 187
Rat-tail, 191;
illustrated, 189
Seal-top, 187;
illustrated, 185;
prices, 194
Slipped in the stalk, 188;
illustrated, 185
Trifid, 188;
illustrated, 185
Spoons, placing of marks on, 193
Staffordshire silversmith’s designs, 294
Staffordshire lustre ware emulating silver, 249
Staffordshire potter’s emulation of silver plate, 169, 249, 262, 294
Standard Marks, 31-33
Standard work on marks, 34
Standing cups, 90
Standing salt cellars, 154
“Sterling” found on Cork silver, 334
Stoneware jug, the, Elizabethan, with silver mounts, 98, 101
Strong, James, silversmith, Exeter, 78
Sugar-bowls, 287
Sugar, silver boxes for, 261
Sumner salt cellar, the, illustrated, 155
Symonds, Pentecost, silversmith, Exeter, 78
Table customs, “below the salt,” 141
Tankards, seventeenth-century, 110
Tea advertisement, a quaint seventeenth-century, 242
Tea-caddies, 258;
evolution to cabinet-maker’s style, 261
Tea-drinking, excessive, 254
Teapot, the earliest known silver (1670), 241
Teapots, 241
Tea-strainers, 304
Tea-table manners, eighteenth-century, 303
Tea-urn, Scottish, 1778; illustrated, 325
“Tiger” ware, Elizabethan, with silver mounts, 98
Tokens, copper (seventeenth century) with goldsmiths’ names, 46
Town marks found on Scottish silver, 315
Trencher salt cellars, 157
Turner cup, the (1679), York Corporation plate, 102
“Vigo” found on Queen Anne’s guineas (1703), 337
Vyner, Sir Robert, piquant story of, 44
Wedgwood wooden models of silversmith’s designs, 250
Wesley, John, condemns tea, 254
West Malling jug, the Elizabethan (1581), 101
Wine cup, the Stuart, 123
Wine cup, illustrations of—
James I, 125
Charles II, 129
Women’s petition to Parliament against coffee, 245
William III and the debasement of the coin, 49
York Corporation plate, 102
York Marks illustrated, 395
York silver plate illustrated—
Tankards (Charles II), 111
Marks, 395
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Hall-marking of Gold and Silver Plate, 1879.
[2] A period of eleven months. The year 1696 ended on 24th March, and the year 1697 commenced on 25th March.
[3] These initials, found on a James II mug, with the date letter for 1685, are illustrated p. 369.
[4] Short History of the English People, by J. R. Green.
[7] The Position of Marks. Marks are not placed on old silver in a straight line. They are shown in this manner in this volume for convenience, and are the author’s own arrangement. They are in practice irregularly stamped, sometimes in a circle and sometimes upside down. It must be borne in mind that the maker put his mark on first prior to sending the piece to the Assay Office. The remaining marks were stamped thereon under the direction of the Wardens. Although the maker’s mark was stamped first, some of the other marks were often placed on each side of it.
[8] For details concerning these marks I am indebted to Thomas Taylor, Esq., of Chipchase Castle, and to Basil Anderton, Esq., Public Librarian, Newcastle-on-Tyne.—A. H.
[9] I am indebted for these marks to the courtesy of the Assay Master, Birmingham, and to the Assay Master, Sheffield.
[Transcriber’s Note: The following corrections have been made to this text.
Page 56: possesser changed to possessor—possessor of such coin.
Page 78: marker’s changed to maker’s—the maker’s mark is E. G.
Page 86: peple changed to people—more wealthy people.
Page 98: dittograph “to” removed—to the son.
Page 114: finals to finials—finials of the handle.
Page 215: hugh to huge—huge appendages.]