Bibliography
List of Abbreviations
A. B.—Ariel Booklets (G. P. Putnam’s Sons).
Bohn.—Bohn’s Libraries (Geo. Bell, London).
C. N. L.—Cassell’s National Library (Cassell).
E. L.—Everyman’s Library (Dent and Dutton).
N. U. L.—New Universal Library (E. P. Dutton).
P. W. C.—Putnam’s World’s Classics (G. P. Putnam’s Sons).
T. C.—Temple Classics (J. M. Dent).
W. C.—World’s Classics (Oxford University Press).
W. G. C.—World’s Great Classics (Colonial Press).
General Reference Works on the History of Fiction
Dunlop, History of Prose Fiction, 2 vols. (Bohn, 1896).
Ticknor, History of Spanish Fiction, revised edition (Boston, 1866).
Raleigh, The English Novel from its Origin to Sir Walter Scott (Scribner).
Cross, The Development of the English Novel (Macmillan).
Simonds, An Introduction to the Study of English Fiction (Heath).
Warren, History of the Novel Previous to the Seventeenth Century (Holt).
Hamilton, Clayton, The Materials and Methods of Fiction, with introd. by Brander Matthews (The Baker and Taylor Co.)
Jusserand, The English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare (Putnam).
Forsyth, Novels and Novelists of the Eighteenth Century (Appleton).
Matthews, The Short-Story (American Book Co.)
Jessup and Canby, The Book of the Short-Story (Appleton).
Canby, H. S., The Short-Story in English (Holt).
Stoddard, Evolution of the English Novel (Macmillan).
Tuckerman, History of English Prose Fiction (Putnam).
In Lanier’s The English Novel, Whitcomb’s The Study of a Novel, and Barrett’s Short-Story Writing the criticism is analytical rather than historical.
Chapter I. Primitive Religious Group
Myth
Critical Books
Andrew Lang, Custom and Myth (Longmans). Max Müller, Chips from a German Workshop, vol. II and IV. Max Müller, Last Essays, 2nd series. W. G. Wood Martin, Traces of the Elder Faiths in Ireland, 2 vols. E. B. Tylor, Primitive Culture. Laura E. Poor, Sanscrit and Its Kindred Literatures. Jacob Grimm, Teutonic Mythology.
Dictionaries
Fernando Blumentritt, Dictionario Mitológico de las Filipinas. Isabelo de los Reyes, La Religion Antigua de los Filipinos. E. C. Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (Altemus). A. S. Murray, Manual of Mythology.
Collections of Myths
Hawthorne’s Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales (E. L.). The works of Jeremiah Curtin: Creation Myths of Primitive America; Myths and Folk-lore of Ireland; Myths and Folk-tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Magyars; A Journey in Southern Siberia [the religion and myths of the Mongols]. The works of C. M. Skinner: American Myths and Legends, 2 vols; Myths and Legends of Our New Possessions and Protectorates; Myths and Legends of Our Own Land, 2 vols.; Myths and Legends Beyond Our Borders. Florence J. Stoddard’s As Old as the Moon [Folk-lore of the Antillas] (Doubleday, Page); Myths of the Quichas. Guerber’s Myths of Greece and Rome; Bulfinch’s Age of Fable; Katherine B. Judson’s Myths and Legends of the Pacific Northwest (McClurg); T. G. Thrum’s Stories of the Menehunes (1910).
Legend and Saga
The Legends of St. Patrick, by Aubrey de Vere (C. N. L.); H. A. Guerber’s Legends of Switzerland, and Legends of the Rhine; Sidney Lanier’s Boys’ Library of Legend and Chivalry contains The Boy’s King Arthur, The Boy’s Percy, and The Knightly Legends of Wales (Scribners); Selma Lagerlöf’s Invisible Links; Ruskin’s King of the Golden River (A. B.); Canton’s W. V.’s Golden Legend (Dodd, Mead); Finnish Legends, stories from the Kalevala, told by Eivind (T. Fisher Unwin). S. Baring Gould’s Curious Myths of the Middle Ages (Longmans) are really legends. Hawthorne’s Twice Told Tales includes a number of legends. Mediaeval Tales in Morley’s Universal Library contains stories from the Gesta Romanorum and the Faust legend. Nutt’s Legends of the Holy Grail. Dr. Whitley Stokes has translated many of the early Irish sagas (Revue Celtique, 1869-1902, and in Irische Texte, 1880-1902). Kipling’s Puck of Pooh’s Hill [fairy tale and legend] (Doubleday); Eleanor H. Broadus’ The Book of the Christ Child (Appleton); Van Dyke’s Other Wise Man (Harpers) is purely literary. The Story of Grettir the Strong, translated from the Icelandic by Magnusson and Morris (Longmans); The Volsunga Saga, translated by Magnusson and Morris (Scott); Beowulf, translated into modern English prose, by J. Clark Hall (Sonnenschein); J. Baldwin’s Story of Roland (Scribners); C. D. Wilson’s Story of the Cid for Young People. The Nibelungenlied is well translated in the World’s Great Classics Series and contains a good introduction. Orlando Furioso, translated by W. S. Rose (Bohn). The Mabinogion, translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (Nutt); The Stories of the Ramayana and Mahabharata, told by Oman (Bohn). An English translation of the Shah Nameh may be found in Oriental Literature (W. G. C.).
Fairy Tale and Nursery Saga
Collectors have not distinguished carefully between fairy tales and nursery sagas. Many of the collections cited as fairy tales contain nursery sagas. A general term often used to include both is folk-tales; Tolstoy has re-done several of the Russian folk stories, which may be found in Twenty-three Tales from Tolstoy, translated by L. & F. Maude (W. C.). T. G. Thrum’s Hawaiian Folk-Tales; F. H. Cushing’s Zuñi Folk-Tales (Putnam); Blue, Red, Green, Gray, Yellow, Pink, Violet, Crimson, and Brown Fairy Books, edited by A. Lang (Longmans). The Fairy Library (Putnam), collected and edited by Joseph Jacobs, contains English, Celtic, Indian, East Indian, Persian, Chinese, South Sea Island, African, and Japanese fairy tales. W. R. S. Ralston’s Russian Fairy and Folk Tales (Hurst); English Fairy and Folk Tales, edited by E. S. Hartland (Scott); Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales, edited by Sir Geo. Douglas (Scott); Irish Fairy and Folk Tales, edited by W. B. Yeats (Scott); Grimm’s Household Tales in any of the good editions (E. L., Lippincott, Bohn); Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales (E. L.). Burt’s Fairy Library includes among others Cossack Fairy Tales, Russian Fairy Tales, Turkish Fairy Tales. Fairy Gold, stories chosen by E. Rhys (E. L.). Thomas Keightley’s Fairy Mythology (Bohn) is a standard reference work. Alfred Nutt’s Fairy Mythology of Shakespeare (1900).
Chapter II. Symbolic-Didactic Group
Fable
Thomas Newbigging’s Fables and Fabulists (New York), critical and historical discussion of writers of the type.
Fables in the Bible, Judges 9:8-15; II Kings 14:9. Kalilah and Dimnah, or the Fables of Bidpai: an historical account with a translation into English, by Keith Falconer (London, 1885); Hitopadesa (The Book of Good Counsels), translated by Sir Edwin Arnold: Oriental Literature, vol. III (W. G. C.), also in N. U. L.; Aesop’s Fables (Astor Library, Crowell; P. W. C.); Fables of Phaedrus, translated into prose and verse (Bohn); La Fontaine’s Fables (T. C., Bohn); Iriarte’s Literary Fables (first publ. 1782), English version by Rockliffe, 3rd edition, 1866; Gay’s Fables, in Muses Library (Dutton); Richard Steele’s Mastiff and His Puppy (Tatler, No. 115); Kriloff and His Fables, translated by J. R. S. Ralston (J. S. Ogilvie, N. Y.); Turkish Fables [46 in number], translated by Epiphanius Wilson: Turkish Literature (W. G. C.).
Parable
R. C. Trench, Notes on the Parables of Our Lord.
Parables of the Bible: II Samuel 12:1-4; 14:5-7; I Kings 20:39-40; Isaiah 5:1-6; 28:23-28; Matthew 13:4-7, 24-33; 18:23-35; 20:1-16; 21:33-41; 22:1-14; 25:1-13; 26:14-30, 31-46.
For a summary of Barlaam and Josaphat, see Dunlop’s History of Fiction, vol. I, pp. 64-77.
Hamilton W. Mabie’s Parables of Life. A number of the stories in Twenty-three Tales from Tolstoy (W. C.).
Allegory
James Baldwin’s The Famous Allegories (Silver, Burdett); Olive Schreiner’s Dreams; Oscar Wilde’s Poems in Prose, (Fortnightly Review, 1894), also in Ideal Series of Little Masterpieces; Everyman, and eight other Moralities (E. L.); Henry Van Dyke’s Blue Flower (Scribners); Hawthorne’s Twice Told Tales and Mosses from an Old Manse (Houghton). Alfred de Musset’s Story of a White Blackbird (Brentano) is a unique and daring autobiographical allegory.
Chapter III. Ingenious-Astonishing Group
Tale of Mere Wonder
Meredith’s Shaving of Shagpat (Bozhill edition); Stevenson’s New Arabian Nights, and More New Arabian Nights (Scribners); H. W. Weber’s Tales of the East, 3 vols. (Edinburgh, 1812); Dandin’s Hindoo Tales (London, 1873); S. Julien’s Nouvelles Chinoises (Paris, 1860). History of the Forty Vezirs, Turkish tales translated by Epiphanius Wilson: Turkish Literature, pp. 361-460 (W. G. C.). Egyptian Tales, translated by W. F. Petrie: Egyptian Literature, pp. 135-177 (W. G. C.). Moorish Tales, translated by Rene Basset, Chauncey Starkweather, and others: Moorish Literature (W. G. C.). Tales of the Genii, translated from the Persian by Sir Charles Morell (Bohn); Arabian, Nights’ Entertainments, edited by Stanley Lane-Pool, in 6 vols. (A. B.), or in 4 vols. (Bohn); The Golden Ass, by Apuleius (Bohn).
Imaginary Voyage With a Satiric or Instructive Purpose
Lucian ’s Trips to the Moon (C. N. L. No. 71); More’s Utopia (T. C.); Bacon’s New Atlantis (Bohn); Barclay’s Argenis, English translation by Sir R. Le Grys, 1629; Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (T. C.). For Swift’s obligations to previous writers, see article by Borkowsky in “Anglia,” vol. 15. F. C. Sibbern (1785-1872), a Scandinavian writer, wrote “Contents of a MS. of the year 2,135.” The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, by Rudolphe Eric Raspe (P. W. C.); Robinson Crusoe, in Defoe’s Works, vol. 7 (Bohn).
For summaries of the imaginary voyages of Lucian, Holberg, Cyrano de Bergerac, Berkeley, and others, see Dunlop History of Prose Fiction, vol. II, pp. 518-538, 588-591, 619-622 (Bohn, revised edition, 1896).
Tale of Scientific Discovery and of Mechanical Invention
H. G. Wells’s stories and novels are good examples of the pseudo-scientific tale. His imaginary voyages are not without gentle satire on the learned theories of the day (Scribners, Harpers, Century). “With the Night Mail; a Story of 2000 A. D.,” by Rudyard Kipling (Doubleday, 1909); The Mystery, by Stewart Edward White and Samuel Hopkins Adams. Most of the short stories of this type mentioned in the discussion can be found in the collections of short stories (see below).
The Detective Story and Other Tales of Mere Plot
Among the earliest detective stories and stories of crime belong Charles Brockden Brown’s Edgar Huntley and Arthur Mervyn (Works, Philadelphia, 1877); Edgar Allan Poe’s famous detective stories have been mentioned in the text. Emile Gaboriau (1835-1873) popularized the story of crime in France. M. Lecoq is a direct forerunner of Sherlock Holmes. His Works are published (in English translation) in 6 vols. A. Conan Doyle’s Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, The Sign of the Four, A Study in Scarlet, The Hound of the Baskervilles, etc., are worth reading. Anna Katherine Green surely does not lack popularity whatever else she may lack. Her earlier stories are better than her later, with the exception of The Filigree Ball, which is perhaps her best. Meredith Nicholson’s House of a Thousand Candles has a good mysterious plot. The works of Rodriguez Ottolengui (Putnam). For other stories of pure plot see writers mentioned in bibliography to Chapter VI.
Chapter IV. The Entertaining Group
Tale of Probable Adventure
Tales of Daring and Danger, by G. A. Henty; F. H. Spearman’s Held for Orders; Tales of Railroad Life (McClure), Nerve of Foley and other Railroad Stories (Harpers); Cy Warman’s The Last Spike and Other Railroad Stories and The Express Messenger (Scribners); Stewart Edward White’s Blazed Trail Stories and Stories of the Wild Life (Doubleday). Many of R. L. Stevenson’s tales.
The Society Story
This is the type of the larger number of love tales in current periodicals. When well done under certain restrictions of length and development a narrative of this kind rises to the class of the artistic short-story.
Pastoral Romance—Aucassin and Nicolette, translated by Andrew Lang (Chiswick Series); Greek Romances of Heliodorus, Longus, and Achilles Tatius (Bohn); Cervantes’ Galatea is a typical example. It is published in English translation in Bohn’s Libraries. Montemayor’s Diana is summarized rather fully in Dunlop II, pp. 365-376. For Sidney’s pastoral see E. A. Baker’s edition of the Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia. Lodge’s Rosalind (C. N. L.). For historical criticism of the type, see E. K. Chambers’ English Pastorals (Warwick Library), W. W. Greg’s Pastoral Poetry and Pastoral Drama, 1906, and J. B. Fletcher’s The Pastoral (Types of English Literature, Houghton Mifflin & Co.).
The Humorous Story
As in the case of the society story, the best collections of humorous stories are the cheaper current magazines.
Fableaux—A. de Montaiglon et G. Raynaud, Receuil général et complet des fabliaux des XIIIe et XIVe siecles, Paris, 1872-88, 6 vols. See Dunlop, History of Fiction, vol. II, p. 23 et seqq.
Picaresque romances—Romances of Roguery, by F. W. Chandler, 2 vols., 1899, is the standard book of criticism of the type. For the picaresque romances themselves, see Petronius Arbiter’s Satyricon, English translation (Bohn); Apuleius’ Golden Ass, English translation (Bohn). English translations of Lazarillo de Tormes, by Roscoe, and Guzman d’Alfarache, by Brandy, can be obtained from Lemcke and Buechner (N. Y.). Gil Blas, 2 vols. (W. C.); Smollett’s Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle, Ferdinand, Count Fathom, in works, edited by Saintsbury (London, 1895); Fielding’s Jonathan Wild, in works, edited by Saintsbury (London, 1893); Thackeray’s Barry Lyndon (Macmillan); E. W. Hornung’s Amateur Cracksman (Tauchnitz) and Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman.
The Occasional Story
Christmas Stories from the French and Spanish, translated by Antoinette Ogden (McClurg, 1892). E. E. Hale’s In His Name, and Christmas Stories (Library edition); Stockton’s The Christmas Wreck (Scribners); Dickens’ Christmas Books and Stories, 2 vols. (Houghton); Thackeray’s Christmas Books (Macmillan). The source of the nineteenth century emphasis of Christmas festivities in English was Irving’s Christmas Sketches. Unter dem Christbaum (Heath) contains five Christmas stories by Helene Stökl.
Chapter V. The Instructive Group
The Moral Story
Edgeworth’s Stories for Children (Bohn), Moral Stories (Tauchnitz), Murad the Unlucky (C. N. L.); Gesta Romanorum (P. W. C., Bohn); Forty Tales from the “Decameron” (Morley’s Universal Library); Rasselas, by Samuel Johnson (P. W. C., A. B., Burt); Voltaire’s Tales (Bohn); Cervantes’ Novelas Ejemplares, translated into English by W. K. Kelly (Bohn); Essays and Tales, from Addison (C. N. L.); Essays and Tales, from Steele (C. N. L.); Twenty-three Tales, from Tolstoy (W. C.); Hawthorne’s Twice Told Tales (Houghton). Leopoldo Alas’s Cuentos Morales (in Spanish), and Emilia Pardo-Bazán’s Novelas Ejemplares (also in Spanish).
The Pedagogical Commentary and Story
Pestalozzi’s Leonard and Gertrude (Heath); Ascham’s Scholemaster (Heath); Machiavelli’s Prince (Oxford, W. C.); Thomas Elyot’s The Boke Named the Governour, edited by Croft, 2 vols. (London, 1883); Ascham’s Toxophilus (Arber’s Reprints); Walton’s Compleat Angler (editions innumerable); Castiglione’s Courtier; Froebel: The Mottoes and Commentaries of Froebel’s Mother Play (Appleton).
The Story of Present Day Realism
Kipling’s Life’s Handicap and Plain Tales from the Hills (Doubleday); William Carleton’s Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, edited by D. J. O’Donoghue, 4 vols. (London and New York, 1896); Edgeworth’s Castle Rackrent and Other Irish Tales (A. B.); O. Henry’s Trimmed Lamp and Other Stories of the Four Million; B. Matthew’s Vignettes of Manhattan (Harper); W. D. Howells’ A Modern Instance (Houghton), The Lady of the Aroostook, The Rise of Silas Lapham, etc.; Israel Zangwill’s Children of the Ghetto (Macmillan); Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906); Jacob A. Riis’s Children of the Tenements; Henry James’ Daisy Miller (Harpers). Count Tolstoy’s method is always realistic, although his types are extremely varied; see A Russian Proprietor and Other Stories (Crowell). In method at least, most of the stories of Bret Harte, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and Hamlin Garland are of this type. In his Kriegsnovellen (Berlin, 1899) Detlev von Liliencron gives vigorous and sincere pictures of the Franco-German war, though he sees with the eye of the poet and selects his material.
Chapter VI. The Short Story
Collections of Short Stories
Stories by American Authors, 10 vols. (Scribners).
Stories by English Authors, 9 vols. (Scribners).
Stories by Foreign Authors, containing works from the French, German, Italian, Russian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Polish, Greek, Belgian, Hungarian, 10 vols. (Scribners). Tales from “Blackwood,” 2 vols. (Tauchnitz). Masterpieces of Fiction, 8 vols. (Doubleday, Page). American Short Stories, edited by Charles S. Baldwin (Wampum Library of American Literature). A selection of the World’s Greatest Short Stories, edited by Sherwin Cody (World’s Best Series). The Short Story, by Brander Matthews (American Book Co.), contains twenty-three short stories. The Book of the Short Story, by Jessup and Canby (Appleton), contains eighteen representative examples. For bibliography of other collections of the short stories of the world, see lists at the ends of the chapters in Jessup and Canby.
The Psychological Weird Tale
E. A. Poe’s Prose Tales, 3 vols. (Illustrated Sterling edition). The Odd Number Series contains Maupassant’s Odd Number. Mary E. Wilkins’ The Wind in the Rose-Bush, and other Stories of the Supernatural (1903); Irving’s Tales of a Traveller, 2 vols. (A. B.); Modern Ghosts, edited by G. W. Curtis (Harpers, 1890).
Gothic Romance as Source. Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (C. N. L. No. 10); Clara Reeve’s The Old English Baron (C. N. L., No. 127); Mrs. Radcliffe’s Italian, Romance of the Forest, and Mysteries of Udolpho (London, 1877); Lewis’s The Monk (Phila., 1884); Mrs. Shelley’s Frankenstein (Routledge’s Pocket Library). Peacock satirized the school of terror and other forms of romance in Nightmare Abbey (E. L.), and Crotchet Castle (C. N. L. No. 56).
Miscellaneous Short-Story Writers of Europe and America
Spain
Pedro Antonio de Alarcon (1833-1891).
Leopoldo Alas (1852-1901).
Emilia Pardo-Bazán (b. 1851).
Gustavo Adolfo Becquer (1836-1870).
Vicente Blasco Ibañez (b. 1867).
Fernán Caballero (1796-1877).
Benito Pérez Galdós (b. 1845).
Antonio de Trueba (1819-1889).
Juan Valera y Alcalá Galiano (b. 1824).
Armand Palacio Valdes (b. 1853).
Antonio Maré.
France
Edmond About (1828-1885).
Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850).
Paul Bourget (b. 1852).
François Coppee (b. 1842).
Alphonse Daudet (b. 1840).
Gustav Droz (b. 1832).
Alexandre Dumas the Elder (1806-1870).
Alexandre Dumas the Younger (1824-1895).
Emile Erckmann (1822-1899) and Alexandre Chatrian (1826-1890).
Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880).
Theophile Gautier (1811-1872).
Paul Margueritte (b. 1860).
Ludovic Halévy (b. 1834).
Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893).
Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870).
Alfred de Musset (1810-1851).
Eugene Marcel Prévost (b. 1862).
George Sand [pseud. of Mm. Dudevant] (1804-1876).
Julien Viaud (“Pierre Loti”) (b. 1850).
Emile Zola (b. 1840).
Germany
Berthold Auerbach (1810-1882).
Rudolf Baumbach (b. 1840).
Adelbert von Chamisso (1781-1881).
Gustav Freytag (1816-1895).
Wilhelm Hauff (1802-1827).
Paul Heyse (b. 1830).
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822).
Leopold Kompert [Austrian] (1822-1886).
Detlev von Liliencron (b. 1844).
Johann Karl August Musäus (1735-1787).
Joseph Victor von Scheffel (1826-1886).
Theodor Storm (1817-1888).
Hermann Sudermann (b. 1857).
J. Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853).
Johann Heinrich Daniel Zschokke (1771-1848).
Russia
Alex. Bestiezheff (1797-1837).
Nicolai V. Gogol (1809-1852).
Alex. Poushkin (1802-1837).
A. Pyeshkoff [“Gorky”] (b. 1868).
A. P. Tchéhoff (1860-1904).
Lyof N. Tolstoi (1828-1910).
Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883).
Scandinavia
Björastjerne Björnson (b. 1832).
Juhani Aho.
Frederika Bremer (1801-1865).
Meyer Aaron Goldschmidt [Danish] (1819-1887).
Alex. Lange Kielland (b. 1849).
Selma Lagerlöf (b. 1858).
Hans Christian Andersen [Danish] (1805-1875).
England, Scotland, Ireland, United States
Thomas Bailey Aldrich (1836-1907).
James Matthew Barrie (b. 1860).
H. C. Bunner (1855-1896).
George W. Cable (b. 1844).
William Canton (b. 1845).
William Carleton (1794-1869).
Samuel L. Clemens (1835-1910).
Wilkie Collins (1824-1889).
Richard Harding Davis (b. 1864).
Charles Dickens (1812-1870).
A. Conan Doyle (b. 1859).
Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849).
Edward Eggleston (1837-1902).
Mary Ann Evans [George Eliot] (1819-1880).
Hamlin Garland (b. 1860).
Edward Everett Hale (1822-1909).
Joel Chandler Harris (b. 1848).
Thomas Hardy (b. 1840).
Francis Bret Harte (1839-1902).
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864).
Anthony Hope Hawkins (b. 1863).
William Dean Howells (b. 1837).
Washington Irving (1783-1859).
Henry James (b. 1843).
Sarah Orne Jewett (b. 1849).
Rudyard Kipling (b. 1865).
Charles J. Lever (1806-1872).
Jack London (b. 1876).
Samuel Lover (1791-1868).
James Brander Matthews (b. 1852).
George Meredith (1828-1909).
Mary N. Murfree [Charles Egbert Craddock] (b. 1850).
Fitz-James O’Brien (1828-1862).
Thomas Nelson Page (b. 1853).
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849).
Charles Reade (1814-1884).
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
F. Hopkinson Smith (b. 1838).
Frank B. Stockton (1834-1902).
Louise de la Ramée [“Ouida”] (d. 1909).
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1812-1896).
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1862).
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward (b. 1844).
John Watson [Ian Maclaren] (1850-1907).
Edith Wharton (b. 1862).
Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (b. 1862).