Contents.
| INTRODUCTION. | ||
| Various branches of early art in Scotland—Cells of Anchorites—Celtic art—Round towers and sculptured monuments, succeeded by Norman and Gothic architecture—Native developments—Previous writers on Celtic art (3)—Primitive Christianity—Candida Casa—Crosses and caves—St. Palladius—Irish monasteries—Wattles—Beehive cells (7)—Cashels—“Deserts”—Christian structures (9)—Irish MSS. and slabs—Symbolic sculptures—St. Columba—Iona—Missionaries from Northumbria—Lindisfarne—Roman influence—St. Augustine—Benedict Biscop—St. Winifred (12)—Pre-Norman churches—Columbans expelled—Culdees—Roman system introduced (14)—Revival of Celtic system—Celtic art (15)—Symbols (16)—Upright slabs (17)—Development of design of—Sculptures, origin of—Western crosses (20)—Early Ecclesiastical Structures in Scotland (24)—Beehive huts—Churches—Round towers (26)—Brechin and Abernethy—St. Regulus—Churches erected by Queen Margaret—Alexander I.—David I.—Parochial system (31)—Romanesque architecture (32)—Vaulting, development of (34)—Subordination of members (35)—Norman Style, examples (36)—Norman Style in Scotland (38)—First Pointed Style (39)—Salisbury Cathedral (41)—France and England compared (43)—Examples of the style (45)—First Pointed Style in Scotland (46)—Derived from England (47)—Examples (48)—Architecture of Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries in Scotland (50)—Divided into Decorated and Late Pointed (52)—Middle Pointed or Decorated Style (53)—Middle Pointed or Decorated Style in Scotland (55)—Examples—Third or Late Pointed Style (58)—Examples—Third or Late Pointed Style in Scotland (60)—Effects of English and French influence (62). | ||
| CELTIC MONASTIC AND ECCLESIASTICAL STRUCTURES IN SCOTLAND. | ||
|---|---|---|
| I.Simple Oblong Churches, associated with Beehive Cells and Churches in Groups. | ||
| PAGE | ||
| Eilean Naomh, | Argyleshire, | 66 |
| Skeabost, | Skye, | 68 |
| Mugstot, | Do., | 69 |
| Howmore, | South Uist, | 70 |
| Kilbar, | Barra, | 71 |
| II.Hermits’ Cells, | 73 | |
| The Chapel of St. Ronan, | North Rona, | 73 |
| Teampull Sula Sgeir, | 75 | |
| Flannain Isles, or Seven Hunters, | 77 | |
| Teampull Beannachadh, | 77 | |
| III.Celtic Churches standing alone, | 78 | |
| 1. One oblong chamber. 2. Do., with modifications. 3. With architecturally distinguished chancel. 4. With chancel or nave added. 5. With pointed arches, | 79 | |
| (A) Churches dry-built and Churches with sloping jambs, | 80 | |
| Tigh Beannachadh, | Lewis, | 80 |
| Dun Othail, | Do., | 81 |
| Carinish, | North Uist, | 81 |
| (B) Simple oblong Churches with modified features, | 82 | |
| Cara, off Gigha, | Kintyre, | 82 |
| Eilean Munde, | Lochleven, | 83 |
| Church of Holy Cross, South Galston, Lewis, | 83 | |
| Teampull Pheadair, | Lewis, | 83 |
| St. Aula, Gress, | Do., | 83 |
| Toehead, | Harris, | 83 |
| Nuntown, | Benbecula, | 83 |
| Pabba, | Sound of Harris, | 84 |
| Kilmuir, | Skye, | 84 |
| Trumpan, | Do., | 84 |
| Churches showing signs of Norman influence:— | ||
| St. Carmaig, Kiels, | Knapdale, | 84 |
| Kilmory, | Do., | 85 |
| Kirkapoll, | Tiree (Ithica Terra), | 87 |
| Kilchenich, | Do., | 88 |
| (C) Churches with Chancel, or Nave added to an older structure, | 88 | |
| St. Columba, Balivanich, | Benbecula, | 88 |
| Eilean Mor, | Knapdale, | 89 |
| St. Columba’s, Ey., | Lewis, | 91 |
| St. Columba, Kiels, | Kintyre, | 92 |
| Kilchouslan, Campbeltown, | Do., | 92 |
| Kilchenzie, | Do., Do., | 93 |
| IV.Churches built with Chancel and Nave. | ||
| St. Mary’s, Lybster, | Caithness, | 93 |
| Church of John the Baptist, South Bragair, Lewis, | 95 | |
| St. Michael’s, Borve, | Barra, | 95 |
| (D) Churches with pointed or late features. | ||
| St. Catan’s, Gigha, | Kintyre, | 95 |
| Kildalton, | Islay, | 96 |
| Kilnaughton, | Do., | 96 |
| Kilneave, | Do., | 96 |
| Kilchieran, | Do., | 96 |
| St. Ninian’s, Sanda, | Kintyre, | 97 |
| St. Columba’s Isle, | Lewis, | 97 |
| Pennygowan, | Mull, | 98 |
| Laggan, | Do., | 98 |
| Inchkenneth, | Ulva, | 98 |
| St. Moluac, | Raasay, | 98 |
| Killean, | Kintyre, | 98 |
| Kilbride, | Knapdale, | 98 |
| Eorrapidh, | Lewis, | 99 |
| Olrig, | Caithness, | 99 |
| Kilchieven or Kilcoiven, | Kintyre, | 100 |
| CHURCHES IN ORKNEY AND SHETLAND. | ||
| Drawn and described by Sir Henry Dryden, Bart. | ||
| Chapel on the Brough of Deerness, | 101 | |
| Chapel on the North Shore of Head of Holland, | 105 | |
| Halcro Chapel, | South Ronaldshay, | 105 |
| St. Tredwell’s Chapel, | Papa Westray, | 106 |
| Church at Swendro, | Rousay, | 108 |
| St. Ola, | Kirkwall, | 109 |
| Churches of type containing Chancel and Nave. | ||
| Church on the Island of Wyre, | 113 | |
| Church on the Island of Enhallow, | 116 | |
| Chapel at Linton, Shapinsay, | 122 | |
| Chapel in Westray, | 124 | |
| Church on Island of Egilsey, | 127 | |
| Church on Brough of Birsay, | 135 | |
| Church at Orphir, | 141 | |
| Churches in Shetland (145). | ||
| Chapel of Noss, | Bressay, | 146 |
| Kirkaby, Westing, | Unst, | 147 |
| Meal, Colvidale, | Do., | 148 |
| St. John’s Kirk, Norwick, | Do., | 148 |
| Church at Uya, | 149 | |
| Kirk of Ness, | North Yell, | 151 |
| Church at Culbinsbrough, | Bressay, | 157 |
| General Characteristics, | 159 | |
| Monuments, | 160 | |
| Proportions, | 161 | |
| Dates, | 162 | |
| Chapel at Lybster, Reay, Caithness, | 162 | |
| Chapel, Effigy, and Cross on Inch Kenneth, Mull, Argyleshire, | 165 | |
| TRANSITION FROM CELTIC TO NORMAN ARCHITECTURE. | ||
| Abernethy Round Tower, Perthshire, | 175 | |
| Restennet Priory, Forfarshire, | 178 | |
| St. Regulus’, or St. Rule’s, St. Andrews, Fifeshire, | 185 | |
| NORMAN ARCHITECTURE. | ||
| Markinch Tower, | Fifeshire, | 193 |
| Muthill Church, | Perthshire, | 196 |
| St. Serf’s, Dunning, | Do., | 204 |
| Cruggleton Church, | Wigtonshire, | 212 |
| Monymusk Church, | Aberdeenshire, | 215 |
| St. Brandon’s, Birnie, | Morayshire, | 218 |
| St. Oran’s Chapel, Iona, | Argyleshire, | 220 |
| Chapel in Edinburgh Castle (St. Margaret’s Chapel), | 224 | |
| Dunfermline Abbey, | Fifeshire, | 230 |
| St. Magnus’ Cathedral, Kirkwall, | Orkney, Dunfermline Abbey, | 259 |
| St. Blane’s Church, | Buteshire, | 292 |
| Dalmeny Church, | Linlithgowshire, | 298 |
| Leuchars Church, | Fifeshire, | 309 |
| Bunkle Church, | Berwickshire, | 314 |
| Edrom Church, | Do., | 316 |
| Legerwood Church, | Do., | 320 |
| Chirnside Church, | Do., | 322 |
| St. Helen’s Church, | Do., | 323 |
| Tynninghame Church, | Haddingtonshire, | 326 |
| Stobo Church, | Peeblesshire, | 329 |
| Duddingston Church, | Mid-Lothian, | 333 |
| St. Andrew’s, Gullane, | Haddingtonshire, | 339 |
| Uphall Church and St. Nicholas’, | Strathbroc, Linlithgowshire, | 342 |
| Abercorn Church, | Linlithgowshire, | 346 |
| Kelso Abbey, | Roxburghshire, | 347 |
| St. Martin’s Church, | Haddington, | 362 |
| Kirkliston Church, | Linlithgowshire, | 366 |
| St. Mary’s, Ratho, | Mid-Lothian, | 371 |
| St. Peter’s, Peterhead, | Aberdeenshire, | 371 |
| St. Mary’s, Rutherglen, | Lanarkshire, | 372 |
| Lamington Church, | Do., | 376 |
| St. Boswells Church, | Roxburghshire, | 377 |
| Smailholm Church, | Do., | 378 |
| Linton Church, | Do., | 379 |
| Duns Church, | Berwickshire, | 381 |
| St. Lawrence, Lundie, | Forfarshire, | 382 |
| Kirkmaiden Church, | Wigtonshire, | 383 |
| Herdmanston Font, | Haddingtonshire, | 384 |
| THE TRANSITION STYLE. | ||
| Dundrennan Abbey, | Kirkcudbrightshire, | 388 |
| Jedburgh Abbey, | Roxburghshire, | 398 |
| Kinloss Abbey, | Morayshire, | 416 |
| The Nunnery, Iona, | Argyleshire, | 421 |
| St. Nicholas’, | Aberdeen, | 426 |
| Coldingham Priory, | Berwickshire, | 437 |
| Dryburgh Abbey, | Do., | 448 |
| Airth Church, | Stirlingshire, | 465 |
| Lasswade Church, | Mid-Lothian, | 471 |
| Bathgate Church, | Linlithgowshire, | 474 |
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