Ives traces how Europe dealt with those it feared: the dungeons and punishments of the medieval world, the witch trials in which tens of thousands died under torture, and the chains and cruelty endured by the insane. Heavily footnoted, it is the work of a penal reformer who saw in the past a warning about the prisons of his own day.
A sobering history for readers interested in crime, punishment and the long road to more humane justice. Download the free EPUB.