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Prehistoric Men

by Robert J. Braidwood

153 sections · Download EPUB

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  1. 1Preface
  2. 2Preface to the Third Edition
  3. 3How We Learn About Prehistoric Men
  4. 4Scientists Who Find Out About Prehistoric Men
  5. 5Archeologists
  6. 6Some Other Scientists
  7. 7How the Scientists Find Out
  8. 8Archeological Information
  9. 9Everything Begins to Fit Together
  10. 10The Changing World in Which Prehistoric Men Lived
  11. 11Changes in Environment
  12. 12Glaciers Change the Weather
  13. 13Other Changes
  14. 14Do We Know Where Man Originated?
  15. 15Men and Apes
  16. 16Brains, Hands, and Tools
  17. 17When Shall We Call Men Men?
  18. 18The Earliest Men We Know
  19. 19Peking Men and Some Early Westerners
  20. 20What Happened to Java and Peking Men
  21. 21Two Englishmen Who Weren’t Old
  22. 22Typical “Cave Men”
  23. 23Other Men Contemporary With the Neanderthaloids
  24. 24Early Modern Men
  25. 25The First Moderns
  26. 26Differences in the Early Moderns
  27. 27What the Differences Mean
  28. 28Summary of Present Knowledge of Fossil Men
  29. 29Cultural Beginnings — What Is Culture?
  30. 30Some Characteristics of Culture
  31. 31Prehistoric Cultures
  32. 32Why Little Has Lasted From Early Times
  33. 33“Eoliths”
  34. 34The Road to Standardization
  35. 35Pebble Tools
  36. 36Core-Biface Tools
  37. 37Flake Tools
  38. 38Choppers and Adze-Like Tools
  39. 39Differences Within the Tool-Making Traditions
  40. 40The Meaning of the Different Traditions
  41. 41An Older Interpretation of the Western Traditions
  42. 42Traditions Are Tool-Making Habits, Not Cultures
  43. 43Life in Earliest Times
  44. 44What the Peking Cave-Finds Tell Us
  45. 45More Evidence of Culture
  46. 46The Cave Layers
  47. 47An “Industry” Defined
  48. 48The Earliest European Cave Layers
  49. 49The Acheulean Industry
  50. 50Flake Industries From the Caves
  51. 51The Levalloisian and Mousterian
  52. 52The Mixing of Traditions
  53. 53Other Suggestions of Life in the Early Cave Layers
  54. 54Tools From Africa and Asia About 100,000 Years Ago
  55. 55Culture at the Beginning of the Last Great Glacial Period
  56. 56Early Moderns
  57. 57A New Tradition Appears
  58. 58Blade Tools
  59. 59The Earliest Blade Tools
  60. 60Special Types of Blade Tools
  61. 61Other Kinds of Tools
  62. 62The Beginning of Art
  63. 63Cave Paintings
  64. 64Life at the End of the Ice Age in Europe
  65. 65Microliths
  66. 66Later Blade-Tool Industries of the Near East and Africa
  67. 67Nether Africa
  68. 68The Far East
  69. 69The New World Becomes Inhabited
  70. 70The New Era
  71. 71End and Prelude
  72. 72Changes at the End of the Ice Age
  73. 73The Readjustments Completed in Europe
  74. 74South and Central Europe Perhaps as Readjusted as the North
  75. 75How Much Real Change Was There?
  76. 76Changes in Other Areas?
  77. 77Real Change and Prelude in the Near East
  78. 78Questions About Cause
  79. 79Preconditions for the Revolution
  80. 80Cultural “Receptiveness” and Promising Environments
  81. 81An Old Theory as to the Cause of the Revolution
  82. 82The Old Theory Too Simple for the Facts
  83. 83About Stages and Eras
  84. 84The Two Earliest Eras of the Food-Producing Stage
  85. 85Nuclear Areas
  86. 86The Nuclear Near East
  87. 87The Natural Environment of the Nuclear Near East
  88. 88The Era of Incipient Cultivation and Animal Domestication
  89. 89Incipient Eras and Nuclear Areas
  90. 90Archeological Difficulties in Seeing the Incipient Era
  91. 91Sites With Antiquities of the Incipient Era
  92. 92The Natufian, an Assemblage of the Incipient Era
  93. 93Natufian Antiquities in Other Materials; Burials and People
  94. 94The Karim Shahir Assemblage
  95. 95Were the Natufian and Karim Shahir Peoples Food-Producers?
  96. 96Summary
  97. 97The First Revolution
  98. 98The Difference Between Food-Collectors and Food-Producers
  99. 99The Food-Producing Economy
  100. 100Was Food-Production a “Revolution”?
  101. 101Gaps in Our Knowledge of the Near East
  102. 102Earliest Sites of the Village Farmers
  103. 103The Gap Between Karim Shahir and Jarmo
  104. 104Jarmo, in the Kurdish Hills, Iraq
  105. 105Architecture: Hall-Mark of the Village
  106. 106Hassuna, in Upper Mesopotamian Iraq
  107. 107Other Early Village Sites in the Nuclear Area
  108. 108The Iranian Plateau and the Nile Valley
  109. 109Spread in Time and Space
  110. 110The Spread of the Village-Farming Community Way of Life Into Europe
  111. 111The Ways to Europe
  112. 112The Earliest Farmers of England
  113. 113The European Achievement
  114. 114The Conquest of Civilization
  115. 115What “Civilization” Means
  116. 116Civilization Impossible Without Food-Production
  117. 117Why Didn’t Civilization Come to All Food-Producers?
  118. 118Where Civilization First Appeared in the Near East
  119. 119The Hilly-Flanks Zone Versus the River Lands
  120. 120The Rivers Must Be Controlled
  121. 121Control of the Rivers the Business of Everyone
  122. 122The Germ of Civilization in Egypt and Mesopotamia
  123. 123The Archeological Sequence to Civilization in Iraq
  124. 124Classic Southern Mesopotamia First Occupied
  125. 125The Ubaidian Achievement
  126. 126The Warka Phase in the South
  127. 127The Dawn of Civilization
  128. 128Art and Writing
  129. 129From Prehistory to History
  130. 130End of Prehistory
  131. 131Metal Users Reach England
  132. 132More Invasions
  133. 133“This England”
  134. 134Cremation Burials Begin
  135. 135Reverberations From Central Europe
  136. 136The Coming of Iron
  137. 137Hill-Forts and Farms
  138. 138The Second Phase
  139. 139The Third Phase
  140. 140The End of Prehistory
  141. 141Britain as a Sample of the General Course of Prehistory in Europe
  142. 142Summary
  143. 143The Drama of the Past
  144. 144The Second Act
  145. 145The First Great Climax of the Second Act
  146. 146The Third Act
  147. 147Why Bother With Prehistory?
  148. 148List of Books
  149. 149Geochronology and the Ice Age
  150. 150Fossil Men and Race
  151. 151General Anthropology
  152. 152General Prehistory
  153. 153The Near East

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